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+// calculate ac load line saturation, cutoff points, maximum peak-to-peak output voltage  
+// Electronic Principles
+// By Albert Malvino , David Bates
+// Seventh Edition
+// The McGraw-Hill Companies
+// Example 12-2, page 384
+
+clear;clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+R1=490;// in ohms
+R2=68;// in ohms
+Rc=120;// in ohms
+Re=20;// in ohms
+Vcc=30;// in volts
+Rl=180;// in ohms
+Vc=12;// in volts
+
+// Calculations
+Vb=R2*Vcc/(R2+R1);// in volts
+Ve=Vb-0.7;
+Ie=Ve/Re;// in amperes
+Icq=Ie;// dc collector current in amperes
+Vceq=Vc-Ve; // dc collector-emitter voltage in volts
+rc=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl);// rc=Rc||Rl
+Icsat=Icq+Vceq/rc;// ac saturation current in amperes
+Vcecutoff=Vceq+(Icq*rc);// in volts
+// as supply voltage is 30 volts MPP<30
+MPP=2*Vceq ; // as (Icq*rc)>Vceq
+disp("Amperes",Icsat,"ac load line saturation")
+disp("Volts",Vcecutoff,"ac cutoff voltage")
+disp("Volts",MPP,"maximum peak-to-peak output voltage=")
+
+// Results
+// ac load line saturation is 273 mAmperes
+// ac voltage at cutoff point is 19.7 volts
+// maximum peak-to-peak output voltage is 18 volts