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authorprashantsinalkar2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530
committerprashantsinalkar2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530
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treedbb9e3ddb5fc829e7c5c7e6be99b2c4ba356132c /2459/CH13
parentb1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (diff)
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.PNG
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+// chapter 13
+// example 13.1
+// page 272
+
+Rc=4 // kilo ohm
+Vcc=10 // V
+Ib_zero=10d-3 // mA
+Ib_max=15d-3 // mA
+Ib_min=5d-3 // mA
+gain_beta=100
+
+Ic_zero=Ib_zero*gain_beta
+Ic_max=Ib_max*gain_beta
+Ic_min=Ib_min*gain_beta
+
+Vc_zero=Vcc-Ic_zero*Rc
+Vc_max=Vcc-Ic_max*Rc
+Vc_min=Vcc-Ic_min*Rc
+
+printf("As collector current increases from %.3f mA to %.3f mA \noutput voltage decreases from %.3f V to %.3f V \n",Ic_zero,Ic_max,Vc_zero,Vc_max)
+printf("As collector current decreases from %.3f mA to %.3f mA \noutput voltage increases from %.3f V to %.3f V \n",Ic_max,Ic_min,Vc_max,Vc_min)
+printf("Thus output voltage is 180 degrees out of phase from input voltage \n")
+
+printf("Note : \ni) input voltage and input current are in phase \nii) input voltage and output current are in phase \niii) output voltage is 180 degrees out of phase with input voltage\n")
+
+
+// plotting base current and collector current and output voltage in same graph using following code instead of xcos
+clf()
+x=linspace(0,2*%pi,100)
+ib=5*sin(x)+10
+ic=0.5*sin(x)+1
+vc=-4*sin(x)+6
+plot2d(x,ib,style=1,rect=[0,0,20,20])
+xtitle("base current(micro ampere) - Black collector current(mA) - Blue output voltage(V) - Green ","t")
+plot2d(x,ic,style=2,rect=[0,0,20,20])
+plot2d(x,vc,style=3,rect=[0,0,20,20])
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.1/Figure13_1.JPG b/2459/CH13/EX13.1/Figure13_1.JPG
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+//chapter13
+//example13.10
+//page283
+
+R1=1 // kilo ohm
+R2=2 // kilo ohm
+Vt=6 // V
+
+Vb=Vt*R1/(R1+R2)
+
+if Vb==4
+ printf("circuit is operating properly \n")
+else
+ printf("circuit is not operating properly because voltage at B should be %.1f V instead of 4 V \n",Vb)
+end
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.PNG
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+//chapter13
+//example13.11
+//page284
+
+R1=40 // kilo ohm
+R2=10 // kilo ohm
+Re=2 // kilo ohm
+Vcc=10 // V
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+
+V2=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2) // voltage across R2
+Ve=V2-Vbe // voltage across Re
+Ie=Ve/Re
+re_dash=25/Ie
+
+printf("ac emitter resistance = %.3f ohm \n",re_dash)
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.PNG
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+//chapter13
+//example13.12
+//page286
+
+R1=150 // kilo ohm
+R2=20 // kilo ohm
+Re=2.2 // kilo ohm
+Rc=12 // kilo ohm
+Vcc=20 // V
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+
+V2=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2) // voltage across R2
+Ve=V2-Vbe // voltage across Re
+Ie=Ve/Re
+re_dash=1d-3*25/Ie // in kilo ohm
+Av=Rc/re_dash
+
+printf("voltage gain = %.3f \n",Av)
+
+// the accurate answer is 360.642
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.PNG
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+//chapter13
+//example13.13
+//page287
+
+Rc=12 // kilo ohm
+Rl=6 // kilo ohm
+re_dash=33.3d-3 // kilo ohm
+
+R_AC=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl)
+Av=R_AC/re_dash
+
+printf("voltage gain = %.3f \n",Av)
+
+// the accurate answer is 120.120
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.PNG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce b/2459/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce
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+//chapter13
+//example13.14
+//page288
+
+R1=45 // kilo ohm
+R2=15 // kilo ohm
+Re=7.5 // kilo ohm
+Vcc=30 // V
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+gain_beta=200
+
+V2=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2) // voltage across R2
+Ve=V2-Vbe // voltage across Re
+Ie=Ve/Re
+re_dash=1d-3*25/Ie // in kilo ohm
+Zin_base=gain_beta*re_dash
+Zin=Zin_base*(R1*R2/(R1+R2))/(Zin_base+R1*R2/(R1+R2))
+
+printf("input impedence of amplifier circuit = %.3f kilo ohm \n",Zin)
+
+// the accurate answer for input impedence is 3.701 kilo ohm but in book it is given as 3.45 kilo ohm
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.PNG
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//chapter13
+//example13.15
+//page289
+
+//Theory \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.PNG
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+//chapter13
+//example13.16
+//page290
+
+Ao=1000
+Rout=1 // ohm
+Rl=4 // ohm
+Rin=2d3 // ohm
+I2=0.5 // A
+
+// here I2/I1=Ao*Rin/(Rout+Rl) so
+I1=I2*(Rout+Rl)/(Ao*Rin)
+V1=I1*Rin // in V
+
+printf("required input signal voltage = %.3f mV \n",V1*1d3)
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.16/Figure13_16.JPG b/2459/CH13/EX13.16/Figure13_16.JPG
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+//chapter13
+//example13.17
+//page291
+
+Es=10d-3 // V
+Rs=3d3 // ohm
+Rin=7d3 // ohm
+Rout=15 // ohm
+Rl=35 // ohm
+Ao=1000
+
+I1=Es/(Rs+Rin)
+V1=I1*Rin
+Av=Ao*Rl/(Rout+Rl)
+// since V2/V1=Av, we get
+V2=V1*Av
+
+P2=V2^2/Rl
+P1=V1^2/Rin
+Ap=P2/P1
+
+printf("magnitude of output voltage = %.2f V \n",V2)
+printf("power gain = %.2f \n",Ap)
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.17/Figure13_17.JPG b/2459/CH13/EX13.17/Figure13_17.JPG
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+//chapter13
+//example13.18
+//page292
+
+Av=80
+Ai=120
+V2=1 // V
+Rout=1 // ohm
+Rl=2 // ohm
+
+V1=V2/Av // in V
+
+// Av=Ao*Rl/(Rout+Rl) and Ai=Ao*Rin/(Rout+Rl) so
+// Av/Ai=Rl/Rin hence
+Rin=Rl*Ai/Av
+
+I1=V1/Rin // in mA
+Ap=Av*Ai
+
+printf("required signal voltage = %.2f mV and current = %.2f micro ampere \n",V1*1d3,I1*1d3)
+printf("power gain = %.3f \n",Ap)
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+// chapter 13
+// example 13.2
+// page 274
+
+printf("i)Refering to the Thevenin circuit, we see that voltage source \nis short and resistances except Rc and Re are bypassed.\nThus dc load = Rc + Re \n\n")
+printf(" Refering to ac equivalent circuit, Rc is parallel with Rl.\nThus ac load = Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl) \n \n \n")
+printf("ii)Since Vcc=Vce+Ic*(Rc+Re) we get \n max Vce = Vcc and max Ic = Vcc/(Rc+Re) \n \n \n")
+printf("iii)On applying ac signal, collector current and collector emitter \nvoltage change about Q point.\nMaximum collector current = Ic.\nMaximum positive swing of ac collector emitter voltage = Ic*R_AC \n So total maximum collector emitter voltage = Vce+Ic*R_AC \n\nMaximum positive swing of ac collector current = Vce/R_AC so \nTotal maximum collector current = Ic+Vce/R_AC \n")
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.2/Figure13_2.JPG b/2459/CH13/EX13.2/Figure13_2.JPG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG b/2459/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG
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+// chapter 13
+// example 13.3
+// page 278
+
+Vcc=15 // V
+Re=2 // kilo ohm
+Rc=1 // kilo ohm
+Rl=1 // kilo ohm
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+
+// dc load line
+
+ // when Ic=0, Vce=Vcc i.e. Vce=15 and when Vce=0, Ic=Vcc/(Rc+Re) i.e. Ic=15/3
+ // so equation of load line becomes Ic=-(1/3)*Vce+15
+
+ clf()
+ x=linspace(0,15,5)
+ y=-(1/3)*x+5
+ plot2d(x,y,style=3,rect=[0,0,16,6])
+ xtitle("dc load line-green ac load line-blue","collector emitter voltage(volts)","collector current(mA)")
+
+ V2=5 // V
+ // since voltage across R2 is V2=5 V and V2=Vbe+Ie*Re we get
+ Ie=(V2-Vbe)/Re
+ Ic=Ie
+ Vce=Vcc-Ic*(Rc+Re)
+
+ printf("the operating point is %.3f V and %.3f mA \n",Vce,Ic)
+
+
+// ac load line
+
+ R_AC=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl) // ac load
+ V_ce=Vce+Ic*R_AC // maximum collector emitter voltage
+ I_c=Ic+Vce/R_AC // maximum collector current
+ // the equation of ac load line in terms of V_ce and I_c becomes
+ y=-(I_c/V_ce)*x+I_c
+ plot2d(x,y,style=2,rect=[0,0,10,20])
+
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.3/Figure13_3.jpg b/2459/CH13/EX13.3/Figure13_3.jpg
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+// chapter 13
+// example 13.4
+// page 279
+
+Vcc=20 // V
+Re=0 // kilo ohm, since given as negligible
+Rc=10 // kilo ohm
+Rl=30 // kilo ohm
+Vbe=0.7 // V
+
+Vce=10 // mV
+Ic=1 // mA
+
+// dc load line
+
+ // when Ic=0, Vce=Vcc i.e. Vce=15 and when Vce=0, Ic=Vcc/(Rc+Re) i.e. Ic=20/10 mA
+ // so equation of load line becomes Ic=-(1/10)*Vce+2
+
+ clf()
+ x=linspace(0,20,5)
+ y=-(1/10)*x+2
+ plot2d(x,y,style=3,rect=[0,0,21,6])
+ xtitle("dc load line-green ac load line-blue","collector emitter voltage(volts)","collector current(mA)")
+
+// ac load line
+
+ R_AC=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl) // ac load
+ V_ce=Vce+Ic*R_AC // maximum collector emitter voltage
+ I_c=Ic+Vce/R_AC // maximum collector current
+ // the equation of ac load line in terms of V_ce and I_c becomes
+ x=linspace(0,V_ce,10)
+ y=-(I_c/V_ce)*x+I_c
+ plot2d(x,y,style=2,rect=[0,0,21,6])
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.4/Figure13_4.jpg b/2459/CH13/EX13.4/Figure13_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b8bea025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.4/Figure13_4.jpg
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..340a6112b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.PNG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f6b39c5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// chapter 13
+// example 13.5
+// page 280
+
+printf("operating point is (8V,1mA). During positive half cycle of \nac signal collector current swings from 1 mA to 1.5 mA \nand collector emitter voltage swings from 8 V to 7 V.\nThis is at A.During negative half cycle of \nac signal collector current swings from 1 mA to 0.5 mA \nand collector emitter voltage swings from 8 V to 9 V.\nThis is at B. \n \n")
+
+printf("Note : When ac signal is applied, ac signal collector current and \ncollector emitter voltage variations take place about Q point. \nAlso, operating point moves along load line.\n")
+
+clf()
+x=linspace(-3*%pi,-%pi,10)
+plot(x,-0.5*sin(x)+1)
+
+x=linspace(7,9,10)
+plot(x,5-0.5*x)
+
+x=linspace(-3*%pi,-%pi,10)
+plot(-sin(x)+8,x)
+plot(x,xgrid())
+xtitle("collector current and collector emitter voltage swings","collector emitter voltage (volts)","collector current (mA)")
+a=gca(); // Handle on axes entity
+a.x_location = "origin";
+a.y_location = "origin";
+
+// Some operations on entities created by plot ...
+a=gca();
+a.isoview='on';
+a.children // list the children of the axes : here it is an Compound child composed of 2 entities
+poly1= a.children.children(2); //store polyline handle into poly1
+poly1.foreground = 4; // another way to change the style...
+poly1.thickness = 3; // ...and the tickness of a curve.
+poly1.clip_state='off' // clipping control
+a.isoview='off';
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Figure13_5.JPG b/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Figure13_5.JPG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4338ebf7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.5/Figure13_5.JPG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4d0cda90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.PNG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/2459/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a7872087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter13
+//example13.6
+//page282
+
+Rc=2 // kilo ohm
+Rl=0.5 // kilo ohm
+Rin=1 // kilo ohm
+gain_beta=60
+
+R_AC=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl)
+Av=gain_beta*R_AC/Rin
+
+printf("voltage gain = %.3f \n",Av)
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fa23948d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.PNG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/2459/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abaf43a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter13
+//example13.7
+//page282
+
+Rc=10 // kilo ohm
+Rl=10 // kilo ohm
+Rin=2.5 // kilo ohm
+gain_beta=100
+Vin=1 // mV
+
+R_AC=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl)
+Av=gain_beta*R_AC/Rin
+
+// since Av=Vout/Vin we get
+Vout=Av*Vin
+
+printf("output voltage = %.3f mV \n",Vout)
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37f4b8dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.PNG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce b/2459/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..719e13db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter13
+//example13.8
+//page282
+
+del_Ib=10d-3 // mA
+del_Ic=1 // mA
+del_Vbe=0.02 // V
+Rc=5 // kilo ohm
+Rl=10 // kilo ohm
+
+Ai=del_Ic/del_Ib
+Rin=del_Vbe/del_Ib
+R_AC=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl)
+Av=Ai*R_AC/Rin
+Ap=Av*Ai
+
+printf("current gain = %.3f \n",Ai)
+printf("input impedence = %.3f kilo ohm \n",Rin)
+printf("ac load = %.3f kilo ohm \n",R_AC)
+printf("voltage gain = %.3f \n",Av)
+printf("power gain = %.3f \n",Ap)
+
+// the accurate answer for voltage gain = 166.667 and for power gain = 16666.667 but in book they are given as 165 and 16500 respectively.
diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.PNG b/2459/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3806aff13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.PNG
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diff --git a/2459/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce b/2459/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d078898cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter13
+//example13.9
+//page283
+
+Rc=3 // kilo ohm
+Rl=6 // kilo ohm
+Rin=0.5 // kilo ohm
+Vin=1 // mV
+gain_beta=50
+
+R_AC=Rc*Rl/(Rc+Rl)
+Av=gain_beta*R_AC/Rin
+
+// since Av=Vout/Vin we get
+Vout=Av*Vin
+
+printf("output voltage = %.3f mV \n",Vout)