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| author | prashantsinalkar | 2018-02-03 11:01:52 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | prashantsinalkar | 2018-02-03 11:01:52 +0530 |
| commit | 7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df (patch) | |
| tree | 449d555969bfd7befe906877abab098c6e63a0e8 | |
| parent | d1e070fe2d77c8e7f6ba4b0c57b1b42e26349059 (diff) | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-master.zip | |
1868 files changed, 37443 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/122/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/122/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ade00e43 --- /dev/null +++ b/122/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/125/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/125/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..de2e3b155 --- /dev/null +++ b/125/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..153470f38 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/cl.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/cl.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..561874cb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/cl.sci @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Calculation of closed loop transfer functions
+// 11.6
+
+// function [Nu,dNu,Du,dDu,Ny,dNy,Dy,dDy,yvar,uvar] = ...
+// cl(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,S,dS,R,dR,int)
+// int>=1 means integrated noise and control law:
+// delta u = - (S/R)y
+// Evaluates the closed loop transfer function and
+// variances of input and output
+
+function [Nu,dNu,Du,dDu,Ny,dNy,Dy,dDy,yvar,uvar] = ...
+ cl(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,S,dS,R,dR,int1)
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+
+[BS,dBS] = polmul(B,dB,S,dS);
+[zBS,dzBS] = polmul(zk,dzk,BS,dBS);
+[RA,dRA] = polmul(R,dR,A,dA);
+if int1>=1, [RA,dRA] = polmul(RA,dRA,[1 -1],1); end
+
+[D,dD] = poladd(RA,dRA,zBS,dzBS);
+
+[Ny,dNy] = polmul(C,dC,R,dR);
+[Nu,dNu] = polmul(C,dC,S,dS);
+
+[Nu,dNu,Du,dDu,uvar] = tfvar(Nu,dNu,D,dD);
+[Ny,dNy,Dy,dDy,yvar] = tfvar(Ny,dNy,D,dD);
+
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/desired.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/desired.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d84e6c918 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/desired.sci @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Calculation of desired closed loop characteristic polynomial, as discussed in Sec. 7.7.
+// 9.4
+
+// function [phi,dphi] = desired(Ts,rise,epsilon)
+// Based on transient requirements,
+// calculates closed loop characteristic polynomial
+
+function [phi,dphi] = desired(Ts,rise,epsilon)
+Nr = rise/Ts; omega = %pi/2/Nr; rho = epsilon^(omega/%pi);
+phi = [1 -2*rho*cos(omega) rho^2]; dphi = length(phi)-1;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/filtval.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/filtval.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d4dcb6b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/filtval.sci @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Value of polynomial p(x), evaluated at x
+// 11.16
+
+// finds the value of a polynomial in powers of z^{-1}
+// function Y = filtval(P,z)
+
+function Y = filtval(P,z)
+N = length(P)-1;
+Q = polyno(P,'x');
+Y = horner(Q,z)/z^N;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/flip.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/flip.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c19564c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/flip.sci @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +// 10.5
+function b = flip(a)
+b = a(length(a):-1:1);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmv.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmv.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e3ee068c --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmv.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// General minimum variance controller design, as given by Eq. 11.66 on page 421 and Eq. 11.70 on page 422.
+// 11.12
+
+// function [Sc,dSc,Rc,dRc] = gmv(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,rho,int)
+// implements the generalized minimum variance controller
+// if int>=1, integrated noise is assumed; otherwise,
+// it is not integrated noise
+
+function [Sc,dSc,R,dR] = gmv(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,rho,int1)
+zk = zeros(1,k+1); zk(k+1) = 1;
+if int1>=1, [A,dA] = polmul([1 -1],1,A,dA); end
+[Fk,dFk,Ek,dEk] = xdync(zk,k,A,dA,C,dC);
+[Gk,dGk] = polmul(Ek,dEk,B,dB);
+alpha0 = Gk(1)/C(1);
+Sc = alpha0 * Fk; dSc = dFk;
+[R,dR] = poladd(alpha0*Gk,dGk,rho*C,dC);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmv_mac1.dat b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmv_mac1.dat Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..42d664411 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmv_mac1.dat diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmvc_pid.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmvc_pid.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c00f2b000 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gmvc_pid.sci @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +// PID tuning through GMVC law
+// 11.17
+
+// function [Kc,tau_i,tau_d,L] = gmvc_pid(A,B,k,T,Ts)
+// Determines p,i,d tuning parameters using GMVC
+// Plant model: Integrated white noise
+// A, B in discrete time form
+
+function [Kc,tau_i,tau_d,L] = gmvc_pid(A,B,k,T,Ts)
+
+dA = length(A)-1; dB = length(B)-1;
+dT = length(T)-1;
+if dA > 2,
+ disp('degree of A cannot be more than 2')
+ exit
+elseif dB > 1,
+ disp('degree of B cannot be more than 1')
+ exit
+elseif dT > 2,
+ disp('degree of T cannot be more than 2')
+ exit
+end
+delta = [1 -1]; ddelta = 1;
+
+[Adelta,dAdelta] = polmul(A,dA,delta,ddelta);
+
+[Q,dQ,P,dP] = ...
+xdync(Adelta,dAdelta,B,dB,T,dT);
+PAdelta = P(1)*Adelta;
+
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+[E,degE,F,degF] = ...
+xdync(PAdelta,dAdelta,zk,dzk,P,dP);
+nu = P(1)*E(1)*B(1);
+Kc = -1/nu*(F(2)+2*F(3));
+tau_i = -(F(2)+2*F(3))/(F(1)+F(2)+F(3))*Ts;
+tau_d = -F(3)/(F(2)+2*F(3))*Ts;
+L(1) = 1+Ts/tau_i+tau_d/Ts;
+L(2) = -(1+2*tau_d/Ts);
+L(3) = tau_d/Ts;
+L = Kc * L';
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_N.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_N.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2abbe0f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_N.sci @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Calculates the GPC law given by Eq. 12.36 on page 446.
+// 12.5
+
+function [K,KH1,KH2,Tc,dTc,Sc,dSc,R1,dR1] = ...
+gpc_N(A,dA,B,dB,k,N1,N2,Nu,rho)
+D=[1 -1]; dD=1; AD=convol(A,D); dAD=dA+1;
+zj = 1; dzj = 0;
+for i = 1:N1+k-1
+ zj = convol(zj,[0,1]); dzj = dzj + 1;
+end
+G = zeros(N2-N1+1,Nu+1);
+H1 = zeros(N2-N1+1,k-1+dB); H2 = zeros(N2-N1+1,dA+1);
+for j = k+N1:k+N2
+ zj = convol(zj,[0,1]); dzj = dzj + 1;
+ [Fj,dFj,Ej,dEj] = xdync(zj,dzj,AD,dAD,1,0);
+ [Gj,dGj] = polmul(B,dB,Ej,dEj);
+ if (j-k >= Nu)
+ G(j-(k+N1-1),1:Nu+1) = flip(Gj(j-k-Nu+1:j-k+1));
+else
+ G(j-(k+N1-1),1:j-k+1) = flip(Gj(1:j-k+1));
+end
+ H1(j-(k+N1-1),1:k-1+dB) = Gj(j-k+2:j+dB);
+ H2(j-(k+N1-1),1:dA+1) = Fj;
+end
+K = inv(G'*G+rho*eye(Nu+1,Nu+1))*G';
+// Note: inverse need not be calculated
+KH1 = K * H1; KH2 = K * H2;
+R1 = [1 KH1(1,:)]; dR1 = length(R1)-1;
+Sc = KH2(1,:); dSc = length(Sc)-1;
+Tc = K(1,:); dTc = length(Tc)-1;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_Nc.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_Nc.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9401ffde1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_Nc.sci @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Calculates the GPC law for different prediction and control horizons
+// 12.9
+
+function [K,KH1,KH2,Tc,dTc,Sc,dSc,R1,dR1] = ...
+gpc_Nc(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,N1,N2,Nu,rho)
+D=[1 -1]; dD=1; AD=convol(A,D); dAD=dA+1;
+zj = 1; dzj = 0;
+for i = 1:N1+k-1
+ zj = convol(zj,[0,1]); dzj = dzj + 1;
+end
+M = 2*k+N2-2+dB; P = max(k+N2+dA-1,dC-1)
+G = zeros(N2-N1+1,Nu+1); H1 = zeros(N2-N1+1,M);
+H2 = zeros(N2-N1+1,P+1);
+for j = k+N1:k+N2
+ zj = convol(zj,[0,1]); dzj = dzj + 1;
+ [Fj,dFj,Ej,dEj] = xdync(zj,dzj,AD,dAD,C,dC);
+ [Nj,dNj,Mj,dMj] = xdync(zj,dzj,C,dC,1,0);
+ [Gj,dGj] = polmul(Mj,dMj,Ej,dEj);
+ [Gj,dGj] = polmul(Gj,dGj,B,dB);
+ [Pj,dPj] = polmul(Mj,dMj,Fj,dFj);
+ [Pj,dPj] = poladd(Nj,dNj,Pj,dPj);
+ if (j-k >= Nu)
+ G(j-(k+N1-1),1:Nu+1) = flip(Gj(j-k-Nu+1:j-k+1));
+else
+ G(j-(k+N1-1),1:j-k+1) = flip(Gj(1:j-k+1));
+end
+ H1(j-(k+N1-1),1:j+k-2+dB) = Gj(j-k+2:2*j+dB-1);
+ dPj = max(j-1+dA,dC-1);
+ H2(j-(k+N1-1),1:dPj+1) = Pj;
+end
+K = inv(G'*G+rho*eye(Nu+1,Nu+1))*G';
+// Note: inverse need not be calculated
+KH1 = K * H1; KH2 = K * H2;
+R1 = [1 KH1(1,:)]; dR1 = length(R1)-1;
+Sc = KH2(1,:); dSc = length(Sc)-1;
+Tc = K(1,:); dTc = length(Tc)-1;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_bas.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_bas.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd742e0c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_bas.sci @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Calculates the GPC law given by Eq. 12.19 on page 441.
+// 12.2
+
+function [K,KH1,KH2,Tc,dTc,Sc,dSc,R1,dR1] = ...
+gpc_bas(A,dA,B,dB,N,k,rho)
+D=[1 -1]; dD=1; AD=convol(A,D); dAD=dA+1; Nu=N+1;
+zj = 1; dzj = 0; G = zeros(Nu,Nu);
+H1 = zeros(Nu,k-1+dB); H2 = zeros(Nu,dA+1);
+for j = 1:Nu,
+ zj = convol(zj,[0,1]); dzj = dzj + 1;
+ [Fj,dFj,Ej,dEj] = xdync(zj,dzj,AD,dAD,1,0);
+ [Gj,dGj] = polmul(B,dB,Ej,dEj);
+ G(j,1:dGj) = flip(Gj(1:dGj));
+ H1(j,1:k-1+dB) = Gj(dGj+1:dGj+k-1+dB);
+ H2(j,1:dA+1) = Fj;
+end
+K = inv(G'*G+rho*eye(Nu,Nu))*G';
+// Note: inverse need not be calculated
+KH1 = K * H1; KH2 = K * H2;
+R1 = [1 KH1(1,:)]; dR1 = length(R1)-1;
+Sc = KH2(1,:); dSc = length(Sc)-1;
+Tc = K(1,:); dTc = length(Tc)-1;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_col.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_col.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..569718f08 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_col.sci @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Calculates the GPC law given by Eq. 12.36 on page 446.
+// 12.6
+
+function [K,KH1,KH2,Tc,dTc,Sc,dSc,R1,dR1] = ...
+gpc_col(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,N,k,rho)
+D=[1 -1]; dD = 0; AD=convol(A,D); dAD=dA+1; zj=1; dzj=0;
+Nu = N+1; G=zeros(Nu,Nu); H1=zeros(Nu,2*k+N-2+dB);
+H2 = zeros(Nu,k+N+dA);
+for j = 1:Nu,
+ zj = convol(zj,[0,1]); dzj = dzj + 1;
+ [Fj,dFj,Ej,dEj] = ...
+ xdync(zj,dzj,AD,dAD,C,dC);
+ [Nj,dNj,Mj,dMj] = ...
+ xdync(zj,dzj,C,dC,1,0);
+ [Gj,dGj] = polmul(Mj,dMj,Ej,dEj);
+ [Gj,dGj] = polmul(Gj,dGj,B,dB);
+ [Pj,dPj] = polmul(Mj,dMj,Fj,dFj);
+ [Pj,dPj] = poladd(Nj,dNj,Pj,dPj);
+ j,Fj,Ej,Mj,Nj,Gj,Pj
+ G(j,1:j) = flip(Gj(1:j));
+ H1(j,1:dGj-j+1) = Gj(j+1:dGj+1);
+ H2(j,1:dPj+1) = Pj;
+end
+K = inv(G'*G+rho*eye(Nu,Nu))*G'
+// Note: inverse need not be calculated
+KH1 = K * H1; KH2 = K * H2;
+R1 = [1 KH1(1,:)]; dR1 = length(R1)-1;
+Sc = KH2(1,:); dSc = length(Sc)-1;
+Tc = K(1,:); dTc = length(Tc)-1;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_pid.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_pid.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2359a5dfe --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/gpc_pid.sci @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +// Predictive PID, tuned with GPC, as explained in Sec. 12.2.3.
+// 12.11
+
+function [Kp,Ki,Kd] = ...
+gpc_pid(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,N1,N2,Nu,lambda,gamm,gamma_y)
+Adelta=convol(A,[1 -1]); G=[];
+for i=N1:N2
+ zi=zpowk(i);
+ [E,dE,F,dF]=xdync(Adelta,dA+1,zi,i,C,dC);
+ [Gtilda,dGtilda,Gbar,dGbar] = ...
+ xdync(C,dC,zi,i,E*B,dE+dB);
+ for j = 1:i, Gtilda1(j)=Gtilda(i+1-j); end
+ Gtilda2 = Gtilda1.'; // Added because Scilab forms a column vecor
+ // while Matlab forms a row vector, by default
+ if i<=Nu-1
+ G=[G;[Gtilda2,zeros(1,Nu-i)]];
+ else
+ G=[G;Gtilda2(1:Nu)];
+ end
+end
+es=sum(C)/sum(A); gs=sum(B)/sum(A); F_s=es*A; G_s=[];
+for i=1:Nu
+ if ((Nu - i) == 0)
+ row=gs*ones(1,i);
+ else
+ row=gs*ones(1,i); row=[row,zeros(Nu-i,Nu-i)];
+ end;
+ G_s=[G_s;row];
+end
+lambda_mat=lambda*(diag(ones(1,Nu)));
+gamma_mat=gamm*(diag(ones(1,Nu)));
+gamma_y_mat=gamma_y*(diag(ones(1,N2-N1+1)));
+mat1=inv(G'*gamma_y_mat*G+lambda_mat+G_s'*gamma_mat*G_s);
+mat2=mat1*(G'*gamma_y_mat);
+mat2_s=mat1*(G_s'*gamma_mat);
+h_s=sum(mat2_s(1,:)); h=mat2(1,:);
+T=C; R=C*(sum(h(:))+h_s); S=0;
+for i=N1:N2
+ zi=zpowk(i);
+ [E,dE,F,dF]=xdync(Adelta,dA+1,zi,i,C,dC);
+ [Gtilda,dGtilda,Gbar,dGbar]=...
+ xdync(C,dC,zi,i,E*B,dE+dB);
+ S=S+F*h(i);
+end
+S=S+F_s*h_s;
+if length(A)==3
+ Kp=S(1)-R-S(3); Ki=R; Kd=S(3);
+else
+ Kp=S(1)-R; Ki=R; Kd=0;
+end
+
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imc_stable.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imc_stable.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d53da9c82 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imc_stable.sci @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Design of conventional controller which is an equivalent of internal model controller
+// 10.9
+
+// Designs Discrete Internal Model Controller
+// for transfer function z^{-k}B(z^{-1})/A(z^{-1})
+// Numerator and Denominator of IMC HQ are outputs
+// Controller is also given in R,S form
+
+
+function [k,HiN,HiD,R,S,mu] = imc_stable(B,A,k,alpha)
+
+[Kp,d,Bg,Bnmp,Bm] = imcsplit(B,mtlb_logical(1));
+Bg = Kp * Bg;
+
+Bnmpr = flip(Bnmp);
+Bms = sum(Bm);
+HiN = A;
+HiD = Bms * convol(Bg,Bnmpr);
+k = k+d;
+
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+Bf = (1-alpha);
+Af = [1 -alpha];
+S = convol(Bf,A);
+R1 = convol(Af,convol(Bnmpr,Bms));
+R2 = convol(zk,convol(Bf,convol(Bnmp,Bm)));
+
+[R,dR] = poladd(R1,length(R1)-1,-R2,length(R2)-1);
+R = convol(Bg,R);
+endfunction;
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imc_stable1.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imc_stable1.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b8dec788 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imc_stable1.sci @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Design of internal model controller
+// 10.4
+// Designs Discrete Internal Model Controller
+// for transfer function z^{-k}B(z^{-1})/A(z^{-1})
+// Numerator and Denominator of IMC HQ are outputs
+// Controller is also given in R,S form
+
+function [k,HiN,HiD] = imc_stable1(B,A,k,alpha)
+
+[Kp,d,Bg,Bnmp,Bm] = imcsplit(B,mtlb_logical(1));
+Bg = Kp * Bg;
+Bnmpr = flip(Bnmp);
+Bms = sum(Bm);
+HiN = A;
+HiD = Bms * convol(Bg,Bnmpr);
+k = k+d;
+endfunction;
+
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imcsplit.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imcsplit.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59e6ef95f --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/imcsplit.sci @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Splitting a polynomial B(z)
+// 10.3
+// Splits a polynomial B into good, nonminimum with
+// positive real & with negative real parts.
+// All are returned in polynomial form.
+// Gain is returned in Kp and delay in k.
+
+function [Kp,k,Bg,Bnmp,Bm] = imcsplit(B,polynomial)
+k = 0;
+Kp = 1;
+if(polynomial)
+ rts = roots(B);
+ Kp = sum(B)/sum(coeff(poly(rts,'z')));
+else
+ rts = B;
+end
+Bg = 1; Bnmp = 1; Bm = 1;
+for i = 1:length(rts),
+ rt = rts(i);
+ if rt == 0,
+ k = k+1;
+ elseif (abs(rt)<1 & real(rt)>=0)
+ Bg = convol(Bg,[1 -rt]);
+ elseif (abs(rt)>=1 & real(rt)>=0)
+ Bnmp = convol(Bnmp,[1 -rt]);
+ else
+ Bm = convol(Bm,[1 -rt]);
+ end
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/kal_ex.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/kal_ex.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..739e96537 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/kal_ex.sci @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Kalman filter example of estimating a constant
+// 14.4
+
+function [xhat,P,y] = kal_ex(x,xline,M)
+y = x + rand();
+Q = 0; R = 1;
+xhat_ = xline;
+P_ = M + Q;
+K = P_/(P_+R);
+P = (1-K)*P_;
+xhat = xhat_ + K*(y-xhat_);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/lqg1.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/lqg1.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ce4a74ec --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/lqg1.sci @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +// LQG control design by polynomial method, to solve Eq. 13.51 on page 472.
+// 13.4
+
+// LQG controller design by method of Ahlen and Sternad
+// function [R,degR,S,degS] = ...
+// lqg(A,degA,B,degB,C,degC,k,rho,V,degV,W,degW,F,degF)
+
+function [R,degR,S,degS] = ...
+lqg1(A,degA,B,degB,C,degC,k,rho,V,degV,W,degW,F,degF)
+
+[r,b,degb] = ...
+specfac(A,degA,B,degB,rho,V,degV,W,degW,F,degF);
+
+WFA = flip(convol(A,convol(F,W)));
+dWFA = degW + degF + degA;
+
+[rhs1,drhs1] = polmul(W,degW,WFA,dWFA);
+[rhs1,drhs1] = polmul(rhs1,drhs1,C,degC);
+rhs1 = rho * rhs1;
+rhs2 = convol(C,convol(V,flip(convol(B,V))));
+drhs2 = degC + 2*degV + degB;
+for i = 1:degb-degB-degV,
+ rhs2 = convol(rhs2,[0,1]);
+end
+drhs2 = drhs2 + degb-degB-degV;
+C1 = zeros(1,2);
+
+[C1,degC1] = putin(C1,0,rhs1,drhs1,1,1);
+[C1,degC1] = putin(C1,degC1,rhs2,drhs2,1,2);
+rbf = r * flip(b);
+D1 = zeros(2,2);
+[D1,degD1] = putin(D1,0,rbf,degb,1,1);
+for i = 1:k,
+ rbf = convol(rbf,[0 1]);
+end
+[D1,degD1] = putin(D1,degD1,rbf,degb+k,2,2);
+N = zeros(1,2);
+[N,degN] = putin(N,0,-B,degB,1,1);
+[AF,dAF] = polmul(A,degA,F,degF);
+[N,degN] = putin(N,degN,AF,dAF,1,2);
+
+[Y,degY,X,degX] = xdync(N,degN,D1,degD1,C1,degC1);
+
+[R,degR] = ext(X,degX,1,1);
+[S,degS] = ext(X,degX,1,2);
+X = flip(Y);
+
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/lqg_visc.dat b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/lqg_visc.dat Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..888d22c6b --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/lqg_visc.dat diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/mv.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/mv.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..532fc6b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/mv.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Minimum variance control law design, given by Eq. 11.40 on page 413.
+// 11.5
+
+// function [S,dS,R,dR] = mv(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,int)
+// implements the minimum variance controller
+// if int>=1, integrated noise is assumed; otherwise,
+// it is not integrated noise
+
+function [S,dS,R,dR] = mv(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,int1)
+zk = zeros(1,k+1); zk(k+1) = 1;
+if int1>=1, [A,dA] = polmul([1 -1],1,A,dA); end
+[Fk,dFk,Ek,dEk] = xdync(zk,k,A,dA,C,dC);
+
+[Gk,dGk] = polmul(Ek,dEk,B,dB);
+S = Fk; dS = dFk; R = Gk; dR = dGk;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/mv_nm.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/mv_nm.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23b902f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/mv_nm.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Minimum variance control for nonminimum phase systems
+// 11.9
+
+// function [Sc,dSc,Rc,dRc] = mv_mv(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,int)
+// implements the minimum variance controller
+// if int>=1, integrated noise is assumed; otherwise,
+// it is not integrated noise
+
+function [Sc,dSc,Rc,dRc] = mv_nm(A,dA,B,dB,C,dC,k,int1)
+if int1>=1, [A,dA] = polmul([1 -1],1,A,dA); end
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+[Bzk,dBzk] = polmul(B,dB,zk,dzk);
+[Bg,Bb] = polsplit3(B); Bbr = flip(Bb);
+RHS = convol(C,convol(Bg,Bbr)); dRHS = length(RHS)-1;
+[Sc,dSc,Rc,dRc] = xdync(Bzk,dBzk,A,dA,RHS,dRHS);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/myc2d.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/myc2d.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1644cddfe --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/myc2d.sci @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Discretization of continuous transfer function. The result is numerator and denominator in powers of z^{-1} and the delay term k.
+// 9.2
+// function [B,A,k] = myc2d(G,Ts)
+// Produces numerator and denominator of discrete transfer
+// function in powers of z^{-1}
+// G is continuous transfer function; time delays are not allowed
+// Ts is the sampling time, all in consistent time units
+
+function [B,A,k] = myc2d(G,Ts)
+H = ss2tf(dscr(G,Ts));
+num1 = coeff(H('num'));
+den1 = coeff(H('den'));//-------------
+A = den1(length(den1):-1:1);
+num2 = num1(length(num1):-1:1); //flip
+nonzero = find(num1);
+first_nz = nonzero(1);
+B = num2(first_nz:length(num2)); //-------------
+k = length(den1) - length(num1);
+endfunction
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pacf.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pacf.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df383297c --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pacf.sci @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Determination of the PACF of AR(p) process, as explained in Sec. 6.4.5.
+// 6.10
+
+function [ajj] = pacf(v,M)
+exec('label.sci',-1);
+rvvn = xcorr(v,'coeff');
+len = length(rvvn);
+zero = (len+1)/2;
+rvvn0 = rvvn(zero);
+rvvn_one_side = rvvn(zero+1:len);
+ajj = [];
+exec('pacf_mat.sci',-1);
+for j = 1:M,
+ ajj = [ajj pacf_mat(rvvn0,rvvn_one_side,j,1)];
+end
+p = 1:length(ajj);
+N = length(p);
+lim = 2/sqrt(length(v));
+
+// Plot the figure
+plot(p,ajj,p,ajj,'o',p,lim*ones(N,1),'--',...
+ p,-lim*ones(N,1),'--');
+label('',4,'Lag','PACF',4);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pacf_mat.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pacf_mat.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba250b63f --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pacf_mat.sci @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Construction of square matrix required to compute PACF ajj, useful for the calculations in Sec. 6.4.5.
+// 6.11
+
+function ajj = pacf_mat(rvv0,rvv_rest,p,k)
+if argn(2) == 3,
+ k = 1;
+end
+for i = 1:p
+ for j = 1:p
+ index = (k+i-1)-j;
+ if index == 0,
+ A(i,j) = rvv0;
+ elseif index < 0,
+ A(i,j) = rvv_rest(-index);
+ else
+ A(i,j) = rvv_rest(index);
+ end
+ end
+ b(i) = -rvv_rest(k+i-1);
+end
+a = A\b;
+ajj = a(p);
+endfunction;
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pd.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pd.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..110401281 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pd.sci @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// PD control law from polynomial coefficients, as explained in Sec. 9.8.
+// 9.22
+
+function [K,taud,N] = pd(Rc,Sc,Ts)
+
+// Both Rc and Sc have to be degree one polynomials
+
+s0 = Sc(1); s1 = Sc(2);
+r1 = Rc(2);
+K = (s0+s1)/(1+r1);
+N = (s1-s0*r1)/r1/(s0+s1);
+taudbyN = -Ts*r1/(1+r1);
+taud = taudbyN * N;
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/polsplit2.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/polsplit2.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..524c35442 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/polsplit2.sci @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Procedure to split a polynomial into good and bad factors, as discussed in Sec. 9.2.
+// 9.3
+// function [goodpoly,badpoly] = polsplit2(fac,a)
+// Splits a scalar polynomial of z^{-1} into good and bad
+// factors.
+// Input is a polynomial in increasing degree of z^{-1}
+// Optional input is a, where a <= 1.
+// Factor that has roots of z^{-1} outside a is called
+// good and the rest bad.
+// If a is not specified, it will be assumed as 1-1.0e-5
+
+function [goodpoly,badpoly] = polsplit2(fac,a)
+if argn(2) == 1, a = 1-1.0e-5; end
+if a>1 error('good polynomial is unstable'); end
+fac1 = poly(fac(length(fac):-1:1),'z','coeff');
+rts1 = roots(fac1);
+rts = rts1(length(rts1):-1:1);
+
+// extract good and bad roots
+badindex = find(abs(rts)>=a); // mtlb_find has been replaced by find
+badpoly = coeff(poly((rts(badindex)),"z","roots"));
+goodindex = find(abs(rts)<a); // mtlb_find has been replaced by find
+goodpoly = coeff(poly(rts(goodindex),"z","roots"));
+
+// scale by equating the largest terms
+[m,index] = max(abs(fac));
+goodbad = convol(goodpoly,badpoly);
+goodbad1 = goodbad(length(goodbad):-1:1);//--
+factor1 = fac(index)/goodbad1(index);//--
+goodpoly = goodpoly * factor1;
+goodpoly = goodpoly(length(goodpoly):-1:1);
+badpoly = badpoly(length(badpoly):-1:1);
+endfunction;
+
+
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/polsplit3.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/polsplit3.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..caffc7509 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/polsplit3.sci @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +// Procedure to split a polynomial into good and bad factors, as discussed in Sec. 9.5. The factors that have roots outside unit circle or with negative real parts are defined as bad.
+// 9.12
+
+// function [goodpoly,badpoly] = polsplit3(fac,a)
+// Splits a scalar polynomial of z^{-1} into good and bad
+// factors. Input is a polynomial in increasing degree of
+// z^{-1}. Optional input is a, where a <= 1.
+// Factors that have roots outside a circle of radius a or
+// with negative roots will be called bad and the rest
+// good. If a is not specified, it will be assumed as 1.
+
+function [goodpoly,badpoly] = polsplit3(fac,a)
+if argn(2) == 1, a = 1; end
+if a>1 error('good polynomial also is unstable'); end
+fac1 = poly(fac(length(fac):-1:1),'z','coeff');
+rts = roots(fac1);
+rts = rts(length(rts):-1:1);
+
+// extract good and bad roots
+badindex = mtlb_find((abs(rts)>=a-1.0e-5)|(real(rts)<-0.05));
+badpoly = coeff(poly(rts(badindex),'z'));
+goodindex = mtlb_find((abs(rts)<a-1.0e-5)&(real(rts)>=-0.05));
+goodpoly = coeff(poly(rts(goodindex),'z'));
+
+// scale by equating the largest terms
+[m,index] = max(abs(fac));
+goodbad = convol(goodpoly,badpoly);
+goodbad = goodbad(length(goodbad):-1:1);
+factor1 = fac(index)/goodbad(index);
+goodpoly = goodpoly * factor1;
+goodpoly = goodpoly(length(goodpoly):-1:1);
+badpoly = badpoly(length(badpoly):-1:1);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_basic.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_basic.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8fb0a356 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_basic.sci @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Design of 2-DOF pole placement controller, as discussed in Sec. 9.2.
+// 9.5
+
+// function [Rc,Sc,Tc,gamma] = pp_basic(B,A,k,phi)
+// calculates pole placement controller
+
+
+function [Rc,Sc,Tc,gamm] = pp_basic(B,A,k,phi)
+
+// Setting up and solving Aryabhatta identity
+[Ag,Ab] = polsplit2(A); dAb = length(Ab) - 1;
+[Bg,Bb] = polsplit2(B); dBb = length(Bb) - 1;
+
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+
+[N,dN] = polmul(Bb,dBb,zk,dzk);
+dphi = length(phi) - 1;
+
+[S1,dS1,R1,dR1] = xdync(N,dN,Ab,dAb,phi,dphi);
+
+// Determination of control law
+Rc = convol(Bg,R1); Sc = convol(Ag,S1);
+Tc = Ag; gamm = sum(phi)/sum(Bb);
+
+endfunction;
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_im.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_im.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1a512fea --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_im.sci @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Pole placement controller using internal model principle, as discussed in Sec. 9.4.
+// 9.8
+
+// function [Rc,Sc,Tc,gamma,phit] = pp_im(B,A,k,phi,Delta)
+// Calculates 2-DOF pole placement controller.
+
+function [Rc,Sc,Tc,gamm] = pp_im(B,A,k,phi,Delta)
+
+// Setting up and solving Aryabhatta identity
+[Ag,Ab] = polsplit3(A); dAb = length(Ab) - 1;
+[Bg,Bb] = polsplit3(B); dBb = length(Bb) - 1;
+
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+
+[N,dN] = polmul(Bb,dBb,zk,dzk);
+dDelta = length(Delta)-1;
+[D,dD] = polmul(Ab,dAb,Delta,dDelta);
+dphi = length(phi)-1;
+
+[S1,dS1,R1,dR1] = xdync(N,dN,D,dD,phi,dphi);
+
+// Determination of control law
+Rc = convol(Bg,convol(R1,Delta)); Sc = convol(Ag,S1);
+Tc = Ag; gamm = sum(phi)/sum(Bb);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_im2.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_im2.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..61ba58d1b --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_im2.sci @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Pole placement controller without intra sample oscillations, as discussed in Sec. 9.5.
+// 9.13
+
+// function [Rc,Sc,Tc,gamma,phit] = pp_im2(B,A,k,phi,Delta,a)
+// 2-DOF PP controller with internal model of Delta and without
+// hidden oscillations
+
+function [Rc,Sc,Tc,gamm,phit] = pp_im2(B,A,k,phi,Delta,a)
+
+if argn(2) == 5, a = 1; end
+dphi = length(phi)-1;
+
+// Setting up and solving Aryabhatta identity
+[Ag,Ab] = polsplit3(A,a); dAb = length(Ab) - 1;
+[Bg,Bb] = polsplit3(B,a); dBb = length(Bb) - 1;
+
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+
+[N,dN] = polmul(Bb,dBb,zk,dzk);
+dDelta = length(Delta)-1;
+[D,dD] = polmul(Ab,dAb,Delta,dDelta);
+
+[S1,dS1,R1,dR1] = xdync(N,dN,D,dD,phi,dphi);
+
+// Determination of control law
+Rc = convol(Bg,convol(R1,Delta)); Sc = convol(Ag,S1);
+Tc = Ag; gamm = sum(phi)/sum(Bb);
+
+// Total characteristic polynomial
+phit = convol(phi,convol(Ag,Bg));
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_pid.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_pid.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7071ab671 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/pp_pid.sci @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Solution to Aryabhatta's identity arising in PID controller design, namely Eq. 9.37 on page 363.
+// 9.20
+
+function [Rc,Sc] = pp_pid(B,A,k,phi,Delta)
+
+// Setting up and solving Aryabhatta identity
+dB = length(B) - 1; dA = length(A) - 1;
+[zk,dzk] = zpowk(k);
+[N,dN] = polmul(B,dB,zk,dzk);
+dDelta = length(Delta)-1;
+[D,dD] = polmul(A,dA,Delta,dDelta);
+dphi = length(phi)-1;
+[Sc,dSc,R,dR] = xdync(N,dN,D,dD,phi,dphi);
+Rc = convol(R,Delta);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/recursion.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/recursion.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ead807bfb --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/recursion.sci @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +// Recursive computation of Ej and Fj
+// 11.1
+
+function [Fj,dFj,Ej,dEj] = recursion(A,dA,C,dC,j)
+Fo = C; dFo = dC;
+Eo = 1; dEo = 0;
+A_z = A(2:dA+1); dA_z = dA-1;
+zi = 1; dzi = 0;
+for i = 1:j-1
+ if (dFo == 0)
+ Fn1 = 0;
+ else
+ Fn1 = Fo(2:(dFo+1));
+ end
+ dFn1 = max(dFo-1,0);
+ Fn2 = -Fo(1)*A_z; dFn2 = dA-1;
+ [Fn,dFn] = poladd(Fn1,dFn1,Fn2,dFn2);
+ zi = convol(zi,[0,1]); dzi = dzi + 1;
+ En2 = Fn(1)*zi; dEn2 = dzi;
+ [En,dEn] = poladd(Eo,dEo,En2,dEn2);
+ Eo = En; Fo = Fn;
+ dEo = dEn; dFo = dFn;
+end
+if (dFo == 0)
+ Fn1 = 0;
+else
+Fn1 = Fo(2:(dFo+1));
+end;
+dFn1 = max(dFo-1,0);
+Fn2 = -Fo(1)*A_z; dFn2 = dA-1;
+[Fn,dFn] = poladd(Fn1,dFn1,Fn2,dFn2);
+Fj = Fn; dFj = dFn;
+Ej = Eo; dEj = dEo;
+endfunction;
+
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/spec1.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/spec1.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c749f9695 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/spec1.sci @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Function to implement spectral factorization, as discussed in sec. 13.1.
+// 13.2
+
+function [r,b,rbbr] = spec1(A,dA,B,dB,rho)
+AA = rho * convol(A,flip(A));
+BB = convol(B,flip(B));
+diff1 = dA - dB;
+dBB = 2*dB;
+for i = 1:diff1
+ [BB,dBB] = polmul(BB,dBB,[0 1],1);
+end
+[rbbr,drbbr] = poladd(AA,2*dA,BB,dBB);
+rts = roots(rbbr); // roots in descending order of magnitude
+rts = flip(rts);
+rtsin = rts(dA+1:2*dA);
+b = 1;
+for i = 1:dA,
+ b = convol(b,[1 -rtsin(i)]);
+end
+br = flip(b);
+bbr = convol(b,br);
+r = rbbr(1) / bbr(1);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/specfac.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/specfac.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a8ff1332 --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/specfac.sci @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Spectral factorization, to solve Eq. 13.47 on page 471.
+// 13.3
+
+// function [r,b,dAFW] = ...
+// specfac(A,degA,B,degB,rho,V,degV,W,degW,F,degF)
+// Implements the spectral factorization for use with LQG control
+// design method of Ahlen and Sternard
+
+function [r,b,dAFW] = ...
+ specfac(A,degA,B,degB,rho,V,degV,W,degW,F,degF)
+AFW = convol(A,convol(W,F));
+dAFW = degA + degF + degW;
+AFWWFA = rho * convol(AFW,flip(AFW));
+BV = convol(B,V);
+dBV = degB + degV;
+BVVB = convol(BV,flip(BV));
+diff1 = dAFW - dBV;
+dBVVB = 2*dBV;
+for i = 1:diff1
+ [BVVB,dBVVB] = polmul(BVVB,dBVVB,[0 1],1);
+end
+[rbb,drbb] = poladd(AFWWFA,2*dAFW,BVVB,dBVVB);
+Rbb = polyno(rbb,'z');
+rts = roots(Rbb);
+rtsin = rts(dAFW+1:2*dAFW);
+b = 1;
+for i = 1:dAFW,
+ b = convol(b,[1 -rtsin(i)]);
+end
+b = real(b);
+br = flip(b);
+bbr = convol(b,br);
+r = rbb(1) / bbr(1);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/tfvar.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/tfvar.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..424624d9f --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/tfvar.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Cancellation of common factors and determination of covariance
+// 11.7
+
+// function [N,dN,D,dD,yvar] = tfvar(N,dN,D,dD)
+// N and D polynomials in z^{-1} form; discrete case
+
+function [N,dN,D,dD,yvar] = tfvar(N,dN,D,dD)
+
+[N,dN,D,dD] = l2r(N,dN,D,dD);
+N = N/D(1); D = D/D(1);
+LN = length(N); LD = length(D);
+D1 = D;
+if LD<LN, D1 = [D zeros(1,LN-LD)]; dD1 = dD+LN-LD; end
+H = tf(N,D1,1);//TS=1 (sampling time) has been taken constant in tfvar
+yvar = covar_m(H,1);
+endfunction;
diff --git a/2048/DEPENDENCIES/zpowk.sci b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/zpowk.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b5b43e8d --- /dev/null +++ b/2048/DEPENDENCIES/zpowk.sci @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// Evaluates z^-k.
+// 9.6
+
+function [zk,dzk] = zpowk(k)
+zk = zeros(1,k+1); zk(1,k+1) = 1;
+dzk = k;
+endfunction
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+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+I = 10; // Current in Amp
+dI = 0.1; // Probability of error in I (Amp)
+R = 100; // Resistor value in Ohms
+dR = 2; // Probability of error in R (Ohms)
+
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('The power dissipated P = I^2*R \n');
+
+printf(' The probable error can be determined with the help of Erss(Root Sum Square) Formula, i.e Error = sqrt((dR*I^2)^2 + (2*I*R*dI)^2) \n');
+
+PE = sqrt((dR*I^2)^2 + (dI*2*I*R)^2); // Probable error
+P = I^2 * R;
+
+printf(' Error = %d W \n',round(PE));
+printf(' Power dissipated P = %d kW \n',P*10^-3);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb8484166 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 1.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig. 1.28 and 1.29
+Rm = 78; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Ra = 1000; // in Ohms
+Rb = 1000; // in Ohms
+Rc = 1000; // in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+Rth = Rc + Ra*Rb/(Ra+Rb);
+
+// Let Im/Ie be 'x' where Ie = expected value and Im be shown value
+x = Rth/(Rth+Rm);
+
+Error = (1-x)*100;
+
+printf('The meter reading shown is %d percent of the expected value. Therefore, Error = %d percent \n',100-round(Error),round(Error));
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4b04e3cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Exa 1.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An Ohm meter
+Ifs = 0.001; // Current in Amp
+V =5; // Supply voltage in Volts
+Rm = 200; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+// Ifs = V/(Rm+Rp);
+
+Rp =V/Ifs - Rm;
+
+printf('Value of Rx with 20 percent full-scale deflection :- \n');
+P1 = 0.2;
+Rx1 = (Rp+Rm)/P1 - (Rp+Rm);
+printf('The resistor value for 20 percent of full scale deflection = %d k Ohms \n',Rx1/1000);
+printf(' Value of Rx with 40 percent full-scale deflection :- \n');
+P2 = 0.4;
+Rx2 = (Rp+Rm)/P2 - (Rp+Rm);
+printf('The resistor value for 40 percent of full scale deflection = %.1f k Ohms \n',Rx2/1000);
+printf(' Value of Rx with 50 percent full-scale deflection :- \n');
+P3 = 0.5;
+Rx3 = (Rp+Rm)/P3 - (Rp+Rm);
+printf('The resistor value for 50 percent of full scale deflection = %d k Ohms \n',Rx3/1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b968d1b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig. 1.49
+Ifs = 10; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Im = 0.015; // Meter resistance in Amp
+R = 5; // Resistance in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+Isg = Ifs-Im;
+Rsg = Im*R/Isg;
+
+printf('The value of shunt resistance for the milli Ammeter = %.2f * 10^-3 Ohms \n',Rsg*1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54a876b6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Exa 1.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Rm = 1; // Meter resistance in ohms
+Vmax = 250; // Max voltage(V)
+R1 = 4.999; // Series resistance in Ohms
+R2 = 1/499; //Shunt resistance in Ohms
+V = 500; // Volage to be measured(V)
+// Solution
+
+Imeter = V/(R1+Rm);
+printf('Meter current Imeter = %.2f A \n ',Imeter);
+printf('The current through the meter should not exceed %.1f A \n Hence, Voltage drop = %.2f V \n',Imeter,Imeter*Rm);
+Vdrop = Imeter*Rm;
+// When Shunt resistance is connected accross meter
+CurrentRange = Vdrop/R2 + Imeter;
+Rs =(V-Imeter)/0.05;
+printf(' Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook are incorrect
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6eb3a70a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Formulae's from Example 1.6 are used here
+
+// Exa 1.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig. 1.50
+Im = 100*10^-6; // Meter resistance in Amp
+Rm = 1000; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+I1 = 1; // in Amp
+I2 = 0.1; // in Amp
+I3 = 0.01; // in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+n = I3/Im;
+Rsh = Rm/(n-1);
+printf(' Ra + Rb + Rc = Rsh; \n ');
+printf(' The value of Rsh by calculations = %.4f Ohms \n',Rsh);
+
+Rc = Im*(Rsh+Rm)/I1;
+Rb = (Im/I2)*(Rsh+Rm) - Rc;
+Ra = Rsh-(Rb+Rc);
+printf(' Ra = %.3f Ohms, Rb = %.3f Ohms and Rc = %.3f Ohms \n',Ra,Rb,Rc);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Ra calculation
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..febb9fc98 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Exa 1.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer fig. 1.73
+Rtotal = 11*10^6; // Total resistance in Ohms
+Vg = 1; // Voltage at gate of balancing circuit
+Vmax = 1000; // Max voltage in Volts
+// Solution
+
+printf('When the selector switch is at 1000 V position, and the mass input is 1000 V, the drop across R7 should be 1 value \n');
+R7 = (Vg/Vmax)*Rtotal;
+printf('R7 = %d k Ohms \n',R7/1000);
+printf('Similarly, when the selector switch is at the 300 V position, the drop across (R6+R7) should be 1 V \n');
+R6 = (Vg/300)*Rtotal-R7;
+printf('R6 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R6/1000);
+R5 = (Vg/100)*Rtotal-(R7+R6);
+printf('R5 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R5/1000);
+R4 = (Vg/30)*Rtotal-(R7+R6+R5);
+printf('R4 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R4/1000);
+R3 = (Vg/10)*Rtotal-(R7+R6+R5+R4);
+printf('R3 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R3/1000);
+R2 = (Vg/3)*Rtotal-(R7+R6+R5+R4+R3);
+printf('R2 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R2/1000);
+R1 = Rtotal - (R2+R3+R4+R5+R6+R7);
+printf('R1 = %.2f k Ohms \n',R1/1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e11e5ebcd --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Exa 1.16
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer Fig.1.74
+Rmv = 200; // Voltmeter resistance in Ohms
+Vt = 3; // Terminal voltage(V)
+S = 1; // Sensitivity in mm/microV
+Rmi = 100; // Galvanometer resistance in Ohms
+Deflection = 250; // in mm
+S1 = 5; // sesitivity of second galvanometer in mm/micro Amp
+Ri = 1000; // Internal resistance of 2nd galvanometer
+// Solution
+
+Ig = Deflection/S;
+printf(' Current through the galvanometer = %d micro Amp \n',Ig);
+Rtotal = Rmv+Rmi;
+Vrtotal = Rtotal*Ig*10^-6; // in Volts
+Ek = Vt - Vrtotal;
+printf('The emf of the unknown source = %.3f V \n',Ek);
+printf('1 mm correspponds to 1 micro Amp. Therefore, Resolution = %d micro V/mm \n',Rtotal);
+
+printf('For galvanometer A, 1 mm deflection for 300 mV. So, Sa = 1/300 mm/microV \n');
+Sa = 1/300; // Sensitivity of galvanometer A in mm/micro V
+printf('For galvanometer B, - \n');
+Rbtotal = Ri+Rmv;
+// A 5mm deflcetion is caused by 1200 micro V
+printf('Sb = 5/1200 mm/microV \n'); // mm/microV
+printf('Galvanometer B provides the amplified sensitivity i.e, Since, Sb>Sa \n');
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..160ae65f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Exa 1.17
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer Fig. 1.77
+Ifs = 10^-6; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Rm = 300; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Erms = 10; // in Volts
+Idc = 1*10^-3; // in Amp
+// Solution
+S = 1/Ifs;
+Rs = 0.45* Erms/Idc - Rm;
+printf(' The value of multiplier resistance Rs = %.1f k Ohms \n',Rs/1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6202c2377 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 1.18
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Ifs = 10^-3; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Rm = 500; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Range = 10; // Em = 10*Vrms
+// Solution
+
+Sdc = 1/Ifs; // Dc Sensitivity in Ohms/Volt
+Sac = 0.9*Sdc; // Ac Sensitivity in Ohms/Volt
+
+Rs = Sac * Range - Rm;
+printf('The value of multiplier resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5cece7809 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Exa 1.19
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Design of thermocouple voltmeter
+// Three ranges
+V1 = 5; // Volts
+V2 = 10; // Volts
+V3 = 25; // Volts
+Ifs = 50*10^-3; // Amp
+Rm = 200; // Ohms
+Imax = 5*10^-3; // Amps
+Rheater = 200; // Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' To get a FSD for 5,10 and 25V, current through the heater must be limited to 5mA \n');
+
+printf('For a 5V range \n');
+Rs1 = V1/Imax - Rm;
+printf('Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs1);
+printf('For a 10V range \n');
+Rs2 = V2/Imax - Rm;
+printf('Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs2);
+printf('For a 25V range \n');
+Rs3 = V3/Imax - Rm;
+printf('Series resistance Rs = %d Ohms \n',Rs3);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook for Rs3 is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a9354c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+No_Div = 50; // No of divisions
+V = 100; // Max voltage measured (V)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Resolution is the samellest change in input that can be measured \n The meter can be read to 1/2 division \n');
+printf(' The resolution is 1/2 divisions and its value in volts is : ');
+// 100 Div = 100 V
+// 1 Div = 1 V
+// 0.5 Div = 0.5 V
+printf(' 0.5 V \n Thus, the resolution of instrument is 0.5 V \n');
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d6cef8f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Exa 1.20
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Refer Fig. 1.86
+Vdc = 12; // Volts
+Vac = 20; // Volts
+Vz = 12; // Volts
+Iz = 10*10^-3; // in Amps
+
+// Solution
+
+R =(Vac-Vdc)/Iz;
+printf('The value of resistance R = %d Ohms \n',R);
+P = Vdc*Iz;
+printf(' Power rating of the Zener = %d mW \n',P*1000);
+printf(' Factor 2 is the safety factor \n The power rating of the resistor taking a safety factor of 2 is P = ');
+psafety = 2*(Vdc - Vz)/R;
+printf(' %.2f W \n',psafety);
+printf(' 1/16 W resistor curve serves the purpose \n');
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook for power rating is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3db36aa53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Exa 1.21
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A Volt box design
+Vs = 100; // Input voltage (V)
+V2 = 5; // Output voltage (V)
+Rs = 10*10^6; // Desired sum of resistance(R1+R2) Ohms
+
+
+// Solution
+
+// By voltage divider formula, we get
+// R2/(R1+R2) = V2/Vs ;
+// i.e, By simplifying
+R2 = Rs*V2/Vs;
+
+R1 = Rs - R2;
+printf(' The desired values of R1 and R2 to satisfy Volt box requirements are %.1f M ohms and %.2f M ohms respectively \n ',R1/10^6,R2/10^6);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bcb61442b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.22
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A sine wave AC input
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('For a square wave, the form factor is 1.0, that is, the average and rms value are same \n');
+printf(' For a sine wave, the form factor is 1.1, that is, the rms is 1.11 times the average \n');
+printf(' Since the meter is calibrated for a sine wave, for a 1.0 V rms value of square wave, it indicates 1.11 V \n');
+FFsq = 1.0;
+FFsi = 1.11;
+Perror = 100*(FFsi-FFsq)/FFsq;
+printf(' The percentage error in the meter indication = %d percent \n',Perror);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13ee92511 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 1.23
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Dual slope integrating-type DVM
+C = 0.1*10^-6; // Capacitor in Farads
+R = 10*10^3; // Resistance in Ohms
+Vr = 2; // Reference Voltage(Volts)
+Vmax = 10; // maximum output of circuit(Volts)
+
+// Solution
+
+Tc = C*R; // Integrator Time Constant
+Vo = Vr/Tc ; // Integrator output in Volt/sec
+
+Ti = Vmax/Vo; //in sec
+
+printf(' The period of integration of dual slope integrating-type DVM = %d m sec \n',Ti*1000);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56296cc57 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 1.24
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Am = 20; // Capacitance in Farads
+dr= 5 ; // Percentage variation in capacitor value
+
+// Solution
+
+// A = Am (±) Am× dr/100 ; // A is guranteed value of capacitor
+
+A_upperlimit = Am*(1+ dr/100) ;
+A_lowerlimit = Am*(1- dr/100) ;
+
+printf(' The guranteed limits of capacitance range from %.1f F to %.1f F \n',A_lowerlimit,A_upperlimit);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e853a0ead --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 1.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A 0-250 range milliAmmeter
+Er = 2; // Percentage accuracy of Ammeter in terms of FSR
+I = 150; // Measurement of Ammeter in mA
+Ifsr = 250; // Full scale reading of milliAmmeter (mA)
+
+// Solution
+
+dV = Er/100 * Ifsr; // Error in FSR reading
+Lr = 100*dV/I;
+printf('The limiting error = %.2f percent \n',Lr);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0377dfa2d --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 1.26
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+R = 50; // Resistance value (Ohms)
+dR = 0.2; // variation in Resistance value (Ohms)
+I = 4; // Current value measured (Amp)
+dI = 0.02; // variation in current measurements (Amp)
+
+// Solution
+
+Per_Limiting_Error_Resis = dR/R * 100;
+Per_Limiting_Error_Curr = dI/I * 100;
+
+P = I^2 * R;
+dP = Per_Limiting_Error_Curr*2 + Per_Limiting_Error_Resis;
+
+printf('The limiting error in resistance measurement = ± %.2f percent \n',Per_Limiting_Error_Resis);
+printf(' The limiting error in current measurement = ± %.2f percent \n',Per_Limiting_Error_Curr);
+printf(' The limiting error in power measurement = %.2f percent \n',dP);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b819b980 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Exa 1.27
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A moving coil Ammeter
+FSR = 10; // Full scale reading in Amp
+No_of_div = 100;
+
+// Solution
+
+one_scale_div = FSR/No_of_div ; // in Amp
+Resolution = 1/2 * one_scale_div ; // Since, the instrument can read upto half of the full-scale division(Amp)
+printf('Resolution = %d mA \n', Resolution*1000);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7d240103 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Exa 1.28
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Limiting error for series and parallel combination of capacitors
+c1 = 99; // Capacitor value in Mf
+dc1 = 1; // Variation in capacitor value in Mf
+c2 = 49; // Capacitor value in Mf
+dc2 = 1; // Variation in capacitor value in Mf
+
+// Solution
+
+// C1 = c1(±) dc1;
+// C2 = c2(±) dc2;
+printf('For parallel combination, we have y = C1+C2 \n');
+dY_parallel = dc1 + dc2;
+printf(' Limiting error for parallel combination = (±) %d Mf \n',dY_parallel);
+printf(' For series combination, we have 1/y = 1/C1+1/C2 \n');
+Yseries = c1*c2/(c1+c2);
+dYseries = (-dc1+c1)*(-dc2+c2)/(c1+c2-dc1-dc2);
+dY = Yseries - dYseries;
+printf(' Limiting error for series combination = (±) %.3f Mf \n',dY);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9233e0b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +// Exa 1.29
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// 3 resistances in series and parallel combination
+
+r1 = 200; // First resistance in (Ohms)
+dr1 = 5 ; // Percentage variation for first resistance
+r2 = 100; // Second resistance in (Ohms)
+dr2 = 5 ; // Percentage variation for second resistance
+r3 = 50; // Third resistance in (Ohms)
+dr3 = 5 ; // Percentage variation for third resistance
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Lets say Rse be the series combination of resistances \n');// series
+Rse = r1+r2+r3;
+Relative_Error_series = r1/Rse * dr1 + r2/Rse * dr2 + r3/Rse * dr3; // in percentage
+Error_series_Ohms = Rse * Relative_Error_series/100;
+printf(' The Relative error for series combination(Rse) is %d percent which is equivalent to %.2f Ohms \n',Relative_Error_series,Error_series_Ohms);
+printf(' Lets say Rpa be the parallel combination of resistances \n');// parallel
+Rpa = r1*r2*r3/(r2*r3+r1*r2+r1*r3); // lets say (x/y1+y2+y3)
+Error_x = dr1+dr2+dr3;
+Error_y1 = dr1+dr2;
+Error_y2 = dr2+dr3;
+Error_y3 = dr3+dr1;
+Error_Y = r1/Rse * Error_y1 + r2/Rse * Error_y2 + r3/Rse * Error_y3;
+Relative_Error_parallel = Error_x+ Error_Y; // in percentage
+Error_parallel_Ohms = Rpa * Relative_Error_parallel/100 ;
+printf(' The Relative error for parallel combination(Rpa) is %d percent which is equivalent to %.4f Ohms \n',Relative_Error_parallel,Error_parallel_Ohms);
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8993a58e --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 1.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A 3_1/2 digit DVM
+V = 19.99; // Max voltage in Volts
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('The maximum number of counts that can be made with 9 3_1/2 digit DVM is 1999 \n The samllest change in input that can be measured is 1 count \n');
+// 1 count in volts corresponds to resolution :-
+// 1999 counts = 19.99 V
+// 1 count = ?
+Resolution = 19.99/1999;
+
+printf(' Resolution = %d mV \n',round(Resolution*10^3));
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b16287b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Exa 1.30
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Various Inductance Measurements
+L1 = 1.003; // First reading in mH
+L2 = 0.998; // second reading in mH
+L3 = 1.001; // third reading in mH
+L4 = 0.991; // fourth reading in mH
+L5 = 1.009; // Fifth reading in mH
+L6 = 0.996; // sixth reading in mH
+L7 = 1.005; // seventh reading in mH
+L8 = 0.997; // eight reading in mH
+L9 = 1.008; // nineth reading in mH
+L10 = 0.994; // tenth reading in mH
+n = 10; // total no of readings
+
+// Solution
+
+AM = (L1+L2+L3+L4+L5+L6+L7+L8+L9+L10)/n;
+printf('The arithmatic mean = %.4f mH \n',AM);
+
+// Deviation for each reading will be -
+d1 = L1 - AM; // deviation for 1st reading
+d2 = L2 - AM; // deviation for 2nd reading
+d3 = L3 - AM; // deviation for 3rd reading
+d4 = L4 - AM; // deviation for 4th reading
+d5 = L5 - AM; // deviation for 5th reading
+d6 = L6 - AM; // deviation for 6th reading
+d7 = L7 - AM; // deviation for 7th reading
+d8 = L8 - AM; // deviation for 8th reading
+d9 = L9 - AM; // deviation for 9th reading
+d10 = L10 - AM; // deviation for 10th reading
+
+Avg_deviation = (d1+d2+d3+d4+d5+d6+d7+d8+d9+d10)/n;
+printf(' The average deviation = %d mH \n',Avg_deviation);
+
+SD = sqrt((d1^2+d2^2+d3^2+d4^2+d5^2+d6^2+d7^2+d8^2+d9^2+d10^2)/(n-1));
+printf(' The standard deviation = %.3f mH \n',SD);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1af1d43c --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// Exa 1.31
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Various Current Measurements
+
+I1 = 41.7; // First reading in A
+I2 = 42; // second reading in A
+I3 = 41.8; // third reading in A
+I4 = 42; // fourth reading in A
+I5 = 42.1; // Fifth reading in A
+I6 = 41.9; // sixth reading in A
+I7 = 42; // seventh reading in A
+I8 = 41.9; // eight reading in A
+I9 = 42.5; // nineth reading in A
+I10 = 41.8; // tenth reading in A
+n=10; // Total no of observations
+I = [41.7;42;41.8;42;42.1;41.9;42;41.9;42.5;41.8];
+
+// Solution
+
+AM = (I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6+I7+I8+I9+I10)/n;
+printf('The arithmatic mean = %.4f A \n',AM);
+
+// Deviation for each reading will be -
+d1 = I1 - AM; // deviation for 1st reading
+d2 = I2 - AM; // deviation for 2nd reading
+d3 = I3 - AM; // deviation for 3rd reading
+d4 = I4 - AM; // deviation for 4th reading
+d5 = I5 - AM; // deviation for 5th reading
+d6 = I6 - AM; // deviation for 6th reading
+d7 = I7 - AM; // deviation for 7th reading
+d8 = I8 - AM; // deviation for 8th reading
+d9 = I9 - AM; // deviation for 9th reading
+d10 = I10 - AM; // deviation for 10th reading
+
+SD = sqrt((d1^2+d2^2+d3^2+d4^2+d5^2+d6^2+d7^2+d8^2+d9^2+d10^2)/(n-1));
+printf(' The standard deviation = %.3f A \n',SD);
+
+Y = 0.6745*SD;
+printf(' Probable error of one reading = %.3f A \n',Y);
+Vm = Y/sqrt(n-1);
+printf(' Probable error of mean = %.3f A \n',Vm);
+
+
+printf(' Range = %.1f A \n',max(I)-min(I));
+
+// The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..294e5520b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.32
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+E = 1.2 * 10^4 ; // Phosphor Young's Modulus (kg per mm^2)
+l = 400; // Length of strip (mm)
+w = 0.5; // Width of strip (mm)
+t = 0.08; // Thickness of strip (mm)
+Theta = 90; // In degrees
+
+
+// Solution
+
+T = (E*w*t^2)/(12*l);
+
+printf('By using the torque formula having E as youngs modulus, we get T = %.3f kg-mm \n',T);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ec650bee --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Exa 1.33
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+//Given
+
+W = 0.005; // Weight in Kg
+l = 2.4*10^-2; // Distance in m
+Td = 1.05*10^-4; // Deflection torque in kg-m
+
+// Solution
+
+Theta = asind(Td/(W*l));
+printf('Deflection torque is given by, Td = W*l*sin(theta)\n Therefore theta = %.1f degrees \n',Theta);
+
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c0e44eb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Exa 1.34
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+I1 = 10; // Current which produces deflection of 90 degrees
+Theta1 = 90; // In degrees
+I2 = 5; // Current for which theta is to be calculated
+
+// Solution
+
+//The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is spring controlled
+// Tc ∝ theta
+// theta ∝ I^2
+
+theta2 = (I2/I1)^2 * Theta1 ;
+printf('The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is spring controlled is equal to = %.1f degrees \n',theta2);
+//The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is gravity controlled
+// Tc ∝ sin(theta)
+// theta ∝ I^2
+
+theta2_gravity = asind((I2/I1)^2 *sind(Theta1)) ;
+printf(' The deflection which produces a current of 1A when instrument is gravity controlled = %.2f degrees \n',theta2_gravity);
+
+// The value of I given as 1A in problem statement is incorrect to satisfy the problem answer(correct value is 5A)
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9929fc7ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.35
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+f = 450; // Resonating frequency in kHz
+C = 250; // Capacitor value at resonating frequency (pf)
+Q = 105; // Q-meter reading at resonance
+Rsh = 0.75; // Value of shunt resistance in ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+L = 1/((2*%pi*f*10^3)^2*C*10^-12); // in H
+w=2*%pi*f*10^3;
+R = (w*L)/Q - Rsh;
+x= round(w*L/Q);
+printf(' The value of resistance,R = %.2f Ohms \n',double(w*L/Q)-Rsh);
+
+// The answer vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba88357b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.36
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+f1 = 1*10^6; // first resonant frequency in Hz
+C1 = 480*10^-12; // Capacitor value at f1 in Farad
+f2 = 2*10^6; // second resonant frequency in Hz
+C2 = 120*10^-12; // Capacitor value at f2 in Farad
+R = 10; // Resistance in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+Cd = (C1-4*C2)/3; // Distributive capacitor
+Q = 1/((2*%pi*f1)*R*(C1+Cd));
+
+printf('The value of Cd and Q of the coil are %.1f pf and %.2f respectively',Cd*10^12,Q);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook cannot be confirmed(The formulae for Cd mentions L2 variable whose value is not given in problem statement)
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c646177d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Exa 1.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+S = 10*10^3; // Sensitivity of voltmeter in Ohms/Volt
+V = 75; // Reading in Volts
+Vmax = 100; // Max voltage in Volts
+I = 1.5*10^-3; // reading in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Consider Fig.1.10, it shows Rm as meter of voltmeter drawing some current \n Thus, loading of the source happens i.e, loading effect \n');
+Rapparent = V/I;
+Rm = Vmax * S;
+// Rapparent = parallel combination of Rm and Rx
+// Therefore Rx can be given as
+Rx = (1/Rapparent - 1/Rm)^-1;
+printf(' True value of Rx = %.2f K Ohms \n',Rx);
+
+Error = 100* (Rx-Rapparent)/Rx ; // Error in percent
+printf(' The percentage error due to loading effect = %.1f percent \n',Error);
+
+//The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f770ff743 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 1.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Rm = 100; // Resistor value in Ohms
+I = 10; // Current in Amp
+Im = 1*10^-3; // Meter current in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+Ish = I - Im;
+Vm = Im * Rm; // Vm = Vsh
+Vsh = Vm;
+Rsh = Vsh/Ish;
+
+printf('The value of shunt resistance Rsh = %.2f Ohms \n',Rsh);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d18700c55 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Exa 1.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Imax = 100*10^-6; // Initial range of Ammeter in Amp
+Rm = 800; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+I1max = 0.1; // Range to be extended in Amp
+I2max = 10; // Range to be extended in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' Referring Figs. 1.21 and 1.22 :- \n');
+
+n = I1max/Imax;
+Rsh = Rm/(n-1);
+printf(' Ra + Rb + Rc = Rsh; \n ');
+printf(' The value of Rsh by calculations = %.4f Ohms \n',Rsh);
+printf(' Referring calculations done in textbook,\n we can get values of Ra,Rb and Rc as follows :- \n');
+Rc = Imax*(Rsh+Rm)/I2max;
+Rb = (Imax/I1max)*(Rsh+Rm) - Rc;
+Ra = Rsh-(Rb+Rc);
+printf(' Ra = %.3f Ohms, Rb = %.3f Ohms and Rc = %.3f Ohms \n',Ra,Rb,Rc);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Rc and not at all given for Ra and Rb
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55aa7af4a --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Formulae's from Example 1.6 are used here
+// Exa 1.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring circuit given in Fig. 1.23
+Rm = 1000; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+Im = 100*10^-6; // Meter current in Amp
+I1 = 1; // im Amp
+I2 = 0.1; // in Amp
+I3 = 10; // in Amp
+
+// Solution
+
+n = I3/I2;
+Rsh = Rm/(n-1);
+Rc = (Im/I2)*(Rsh+Rm);
+Rb = Rc - (Im/I1)*(Rsh+Rm);
+Ra = Rsh-(Rb+Rc);
+
+printf('The Values of Ra, Rb and Rc are %.2f Ohms, %.2f Ohms and %.2f Ohms respectively \n',Ra,Rb,Rc);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Ra
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3830/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb6c314c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Exa 1.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig.1.26
+Ifs = 50*10^-6; // Full scale deflection current in Amp
+Rm = 11; // Meter resistance in Ohms
+R1 = 3; // Range in Volts
+R2 = 10; // range in Volts
+R3 = 30; // Range in Volts
+
+// Solution
+
+S = 1/Ifs; // Sensitivity in Ohms/V
+
+printf('The values of multiplier resistances in the different ranges are :- \n');
+printf(' For 3-V range :');
+Rs1 = S*R1-Rm;
+printf('%d k Ohms \n',Rs1/1000);
+printf(' For 10-V range :');
+Rs2 = S*R2-Rm;
+printf('%d k Ohms \n',Rs2/1000);
+printf(' For 30-V range :');
+Rs3 = S*R3-Rm;
+printf('%d k Ohms \n',Rs3/1000);
+
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong for Rs1
diff --git a/3830/CH1/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3830/CH1/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25e272882 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH1/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 4.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An oscilloscope
+
+R = 400; // Resistance(k Ohms)
+C = 0.025; // capacitance(micro Farad)
+T = 0.4; // Time period of saw-tooth output waveform(msec)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The percentage of non linearity i.e deviation in output can be given as t/(4*R*C)\n ');
+PD = (T*10^-3)/(4*R*10^3*C*10^-6) ;
+
+printf(' Therefore, by calculation, percent deviation = %d percent \n ',PD*100);
diff --git a/3830/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3830/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bd11c1fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 2.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A wien bridge oscillator under consideration
+R = 55*10^3; // Resistance in Ohms
+// R = R1 = R2 ... given
+C = 800*10^-12; // Capacitor in Farad
+// C = C2 = C1 .. given
+
+// Solution
+
+f = 1/(2*%pi*R*C) ;
+
+printf(' The frequency of oscillations = %.1f Hz \n',f);
diff --git a/3830/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3830/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80d2014c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Exa 2.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A wien bridge oscillator under consideration
+
+fo= 10^6 ; // frequency of oscillations in Hz
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' Let R = 3 k Ohms \n');
+
+R = 3000; // Ohm's
+// since, fo = 1/(2*%pi*R*C); therefore,
+C = 1/(2*%pi*fo*R);
+
+printf(' Substituting that, the value of capacitor = %d pf \n',C*10^12);
diff --git a/3830/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3830/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c43f41da --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 2.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A phase shift oscillator
+
+R = 800*10^3; // in Ohm's
+// R = R1 = R2 = R3 .. given
+C = 100*10^-12; // in Farad
+// C = C1 = C2 = C3 .. farad
+
+// Solution
+
+fo = 1/(2*%pi*R*C*sqrt(6));
+
+printf(' The frequency of oscillations = %d Hz \n',fo);
diff --git a/3830/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3830/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..419eb7297 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 2.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Transistor Colpitts oscillator
+L = 100*10^-3; // Inductance(H)
+C1 = 0.005*10^-6; // Capacitor(F)
+C2 = 0.01*10^-6; // Capacitor(F)
+
+// Solution
+
+C = C1*C2/(C1+C2);
+printf(' By calculation, C = %.2f pf \n',C*10^12);
+fo = 1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+
+printf(' The frequency of oscillator = %.1f kHz \n',fo*10^-3);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3830/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7c08efc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 2.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A Hartley oscillator under consideration
+L1 = 100*10^-3; // Inductance(H)
+L2 = 1*10^-3; // Inductance(H)
+M = 50*10^-3; // Inductance(H)
+C = 100*10^-12; // Capacitor(F)
+
+// Solution
+
+L = L1+L2+2*M;
+printf(' By calculation, L = %d H \n',L*10^3);
+
+f = 1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+
+printf(' The frequency of oscillation = %d kHz \n',f*10^-3);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3830/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d06bcf648 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Exa 2.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An Amilifier under consideration
+Av = 40; // Voltage gain
+Vi = 0.1; // Input voltage without feedback(V)
+Vi_fb = 2.4; // Input voltage with feedback(V)
+
+// Solution
+
+A = Av*Vi_fb/Vi;
+
+// Av = A/(1-B*A) ; therefore,
+B = (1-A/Av)/A;
+
+printf(' The value of feedback ratio = %.6f \n ',B);
diff --git a/3830/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3830/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a16d30ee1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 3.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Noise = -90; // Minimum detectable signal (dbm)
+Ip = 300 ; // power level of third-order product(dbm)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The expression for the dynamic range of the spectrum analyser = 2/3*(Ip-MDS) \n So, by calculations :-\n');
+
+DR = 2/3*(Ip-Noise);
+printf(' Dynamic range %.1f dB \n',DR);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3830/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb4e806cf --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 3.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+NF = 30; // Noise figure in dB
+BW = 1; // Bandwidth of 3 dB filter in kHz
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The noise level of the spectrum analyser is related to the noise figure and the IF bandwidth by the following equation - \n MDS = -114 dbm + 10*log(BW/1MHz) + NF \n so, by calculation :- ');
+
+MDS = -114 + 10*log10(BW*10^3/10^6)+NF;
+
+printf(' MDS = %d dBm \n ' , MDS);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25e272882 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 4.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An oscilloscope
+
+R = 400; // Resistance(k Ohms)
+C = 0.025; // capacitance(micro Farad)
+T = 0.4; // Time period of saw-tooth output waveform(msec)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The percentage of non linearity i.e deviation in output can be given as t/(4*R*C)\n ');
+PD = (T*10^-3)/(4*R*10^3*C*10^-6) ;
+
+printf(' Therefore, by calculation, percent deviation = %d percent \n ',PD*100);
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69016bfc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +// Exa 4.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+f = 83.3 ; // frequency of sinusoidal voltage in KHz
+
+// Solution
+// part a
+
+printf('Being sunchronised, the frequency of the saw-tooth wave will be a submultiple of the signal. \n');
+
+printf(' Frequency of saw-tooth curve = %.2f kHz \n',f/10);
+F = f/10;
+printf(' Period of the saw-tooth curve = %.1f microsec \n',(1/F)*10^3);
+
+// since, Sine wave y = A sin theta
+// but y/A = 0.5(since, end of trace was at position half the amplitide away from x-axis)
+theta = asind(1/2) ;
+printf(' The 10th wave is in short of a complete since wave by %d degrees \n',theta);
+printf(' Therefore, No of full waves of sine form seen on the screen are 9 11/12 waveforms \n');
+
+// Rise time +decay time = period of wave = 120 microsec
+T = 120 ; // period in microsec
+ Rise_by_decay = (119/12) / (10- 119/12);
+DecayTime = Rise_by_decay/T;
+printf(' Decay time = %.1f microsec \n',round(DecayTime));
+printf(' Rise time = %.1f microsec \n',T-DecayTime);
+
+// part b
+
+printf(' Since, increase time base frequency = 10/4 times the final value \n');
+
+L = (10/4)* theta ;
+printf(' Length of trace blanked in degrees due to flyback time = %d degrees \n ',L);
+T_new = T*4/10;
+printf('Period of new time base = %d microsec \n',T_new);
+printf(' Rise time as per new time base = %d microsec \n',T_new-1);
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6604a28fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 4.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Va = 2500; // Applied voltage(Volts)
+e = 1.602*10^-19; // Charge of electron(C)
+m = 9.107*10^-31; // Mass of electron(Kg)
+
+// Solution
+
+// For Electron beam in the oscilloscope, its velocity is given as-
+V = sqrt(2*e*Va/m);
+
+printf(' The velocity of electron beam of an oscilloscope = %.3f * 10^6 m/sec \n',V/10^6);
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ddf351ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Exa 4.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Def_sensitivity = 0.05; // Deflection sensitivity in mm/V
+Spot_deflection = 5; // in mm
+
+// Solution
+
+AppliedVoltage = Spot_deflection/Def_sensitivity ;
+
+printf(' The applied voltage = %d V \n',AppliedVoltage);
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..063cc090f --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 4.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A CRT under consideration
+l = 20; // length of x-deflection plates in mm
+d = 5; // distance between x-deflection plates in mm
+s = 250; // distance between screen and center of plate in mm
+Va = 3000; // applied accelerating voltage in volts
+
+// Solution
+
+Def_sensitivity = l*s/(2*d*Va) ;
+printf(' The deflection sensitivity = %.5f mm/V \n',Def_sensitivity);
+printf(' The deflection factor = %.1f V/mm \n',1/Def_sensitivity);
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42401bbcf --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Exa 4.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+l = 25; // length of x-deflection plates in mm
+d = 1; // distance between x-deflection plates in mm
+s = 200; // distance between screen and centre of plate in mm
+Va = 3000; // applied accelerating voltage in volts
+Lt = 100; // length of trace in mm
+
+// Solution
+
+// Deflection produced = y/Vd = s*l/(2*d*Va)
+
+y = 1/2 *(Lt);
+// Therefore,
+Vd = 2*d*Va*y/(l*s) ;
+
+Vrms = Vd/sqrt(2) ;
+
+printf(' The Vrms of the applied sinusoidal voltage = %.1f V \n',Vd);
+
+Def_sensitivity = l*s/(2*d*Va) ;
+printf(' The deflection sensitivity = %.5f mm/V \n',Def_sensitivity);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8359d25d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Exa 4.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Two sinusoidal voltage signals are applied to vertical and horizontal plates of CRO
+
+// Solution
+printf('Theta = asin(dvo/DV');
+// Referring fig(a)
+Theta_a = asind(0) ; // dvo = 0
+printf(' Theta for trace shown in fig(a) = %d degrees\n',Theta_a);
+// Referring fig(b)
+Theta_b = asind(3/6) ; // dvo = 3 and DV =6
+printf(' Theta for trace shown in fig(b) = %d degrees\n',Theta_b);
+// Referring fig(c)
+Theta_c = asind(1/1) ; // dvo = DV = 1
+printf(' Theta for trace shown in fig(c) = %d degrees\n',Theta_c);
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df37267b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Exa 4.8
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring closed Lissajous pattern as shown in fig.
+wx = 2; // no of positive x-peak
+wy = 3; // no of positive y-peak
+
+// Solution
+
+fy_fx = wy/wx ;
+printf(' Ratio of frequencies between vertical and horizontal signals = %.1f \n',fy_fx);
diff --git a/3830/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3830/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..068182b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 4.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Lissajous pattern shown in figure
+wx = 1 ; // Sum of x-peak pattern
+wy = 2.5; // sum of y-peak pattern
+fx = 3; // frequency of horizontal signal
+
+X = wy/wx ; // X is ratio of fy/fx
+
+// Therefore, fy = 2.5*fx
+
+printf(' Frequency of vertical signal = %.1f kHz \n ',X*fx);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX1.8/Ex5_1.sce b/3830/CH5/EX1.8/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae7ba3075 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX1.8/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 5.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+E1 = 1/100; // exposure set for grid line impression(sec)
+E2 = 10; // second exposure duration(sec)
+R = 10^-4; // persistence of CRO screen(sec)
+I1 = 1; // Trace intensity for exposure 1(candle power)
+I2_normal = 4 ; // trace intensity for normal settings(candle power)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The emission of light that would be received by photographic paper in both exposures must be the same \n Also, the product of time and light is to be the same. \n');
+I_req = I1*E1/R;
+printf(' Hence, the image intensity required = %d \n' ,I_req );
+I_boost = I_req/I2_normal;
+printf(' Therefore, the intensity boost required = %d times \n' , I_boost);
+
+printf(' The light emitted is proportional to the kinetic energy of the electron while it strikes the screen, which is equal to sqrt(V) , where V is the velocity while striking \n');
+ printf(' Therefore, the accelerating voltage of the accelerating anode should br increased by %d times \n',sqrt(I_boost));
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb6531326 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 5.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Va = 2000; // voltage applied to anodes(V)
+l = 50*10^-3; // length of horizontal plates(m)
+m = 9.1*10^-31; // mass of electron in kg
+e = 1.6*10^-19; // velocity of electron in m/s
+// Max transit time is T/4
+
+// Solution
+
+V = sqrt(2*Va*e/m);
+Fc = V/(4*l);
+printf(' The velocity of electron = %.3f * 10^8 m/s \n',V*10^-8);
+printf(' The cutoff frequency = %.3f MHz \n',Fc/10^6);
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..423ef15ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Exa 5.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Teo magnetic coils
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('When the bullet passes through the first coil, a pulse is generated \n This is applied to an AND gate. The other input to the AND gate is from a crystal oscillator\n When the bullet passes through the second coil, another pulse is generated, which is used to stop counting; this is the disable pulse \n Therefore, the number of counts accelerated during this interval is a measure of the time taken by the bullet to traversea distance d between the coils \n Therefore, velocity = d/t');
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57f809943 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Exa 5.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+fs = 10000; // frequency of modulated signal(Hz)
+fm = 200*10^3; // modulation frequency(Hz)
+Ri = 10; // Input resistance(ohms)
+e2_by_e1 = 1.3; // limit for lowest frequency(in %)
+
+// Solution
+
+F_lower = fm - fs ;
+
+printf(' For a double-section filter, \n e2/e1 = 1/sqrt(1+(w*Rf*Cf)^2) \n');
+// Therefore,
+
+function y=f(x)
+ y =(1/(sqrt(2*%pi*F_lower*x)^2+1))-e2_by_e1/100;
+endfunction
+[x,v,info] = fsolve(0,f);
+printf(' The product of Rf*Cf = %.4f sec \n ',x);
+printf(' Let Rf = 10^5 Ohms, so that attenuation is 10:1. Therefore, Cf = ');
+Cf = x*10^-7;
+printf(' %.3f pf \n ',Cf*10^12);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24ab7b7b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 5.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// The Lissajous pattern
+Y2 = 2.5; // slope of the major axis(in div)
+Y1 = 1.2; // slope of the vertical axis(in div)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The phase shift V2 and V1 can be given as sin(Theta) = Y1/Y2 \n -where V1 and V2 are voltages applied to X and Y axis respectively \n ');
+
+Theta = asind(Y1/Y2) ;
+printf(' Since, the ellipse is lying in the I and the III quadrant, \n The angle is theta or 360-theta , i.e, %.2f or %.2f \n',Theta,360-Theta);
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..309ea2dfb --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Exa 5.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+S = 0.6*10; // sensitivity of oscillograph in V per cm
+A = 2; // Area of oscilloscope area in cm^2
+dx = 4; // x-axis deflection in cm
+dy = 3; // y-axis deflection in cm
+
+// solution
+
+printf(' Ref fig. 5.5(a and b) -If Ic leads Vc by 90 degree, C will be a lossless ideal capacitor, and it will have infinite resistance R. Therefore, Ic is leading Vc by <90 degree . Theta is loss of the capacitor \n ');
+printf(' Power factor = cos(theta) = 1 when theta = o degree) \n');
+
+pf = 1;
+
+Vcondenser = (1/sqrt(2)) * S * dx*200; // since one-two thousandth od C voltage is applied to the x-plates
+Icondenser = (1/sqrt(2)) * S * 1/100000 ; // since Y-plates are impressed with voltage 100000 times the magniture of condenser I.
+
+Pcondenser = Vcondenser * Icondenser;
+
+printf(' If p.f =1, the ellipse could have a major axis of %d cm and a minimum axis of %d cm \n',2*dx,2*dy);
+
+printf(' Total area = %.2f cm^2 \n',%pi/4 * 2*dx*2*dy);
+
+printf(' power loss of the capacitor = %.4f W \n',Pcondenser*A/(12/%pi));
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91ea8c739 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 5.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A stationary Lissajous pattern
+Vy = 6 ; // max value on vertical axis
+Vx = 5; // max value on horizontal axis
+fx = 1500; // horizontal input frequency(Hz)
+
+// Solution
+
+// fy/fx = No of pts the target meets per bottom(x-axis)/No of pts the target meets per bottom(y-axis)
+
+fy = (Vy/Vx)*fx;
+
+printf('The frequency of vertical axis = %d Hz \n',fy);
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e96248365 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 5.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+b2 =2.5 ; // Max no of divisions on y-axis
+b1 = 1.25; // point of intersection on y-axis(div)
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' Let theta be the phase angle of V2 w.r.t V1 where V1 and V2 are the voltages applied to x and y axis respectively \n');
+// Sin theta = b1/b2;
+Theta = asind(b1/b2);
+
+printf(' Therefore, the phase angle of V2 w.r.t V1 = %d degrees \n. But another possible value is(360-theta) i.e. %d degrees \n',Theta,360-Theta);
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e591eb0a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Exa 5.8
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Va = 2000; // Anode voltage(Volts)
+Vd = 100; // Deflecting plates volage(Volts)
+a =1.5*10^-2; // axial length in m
+Sd= 30*10^-2; // screen distance in m
+Ld = 5*10^-2; // deflecting plates length in m
+
+// Solution
+
+// Let,
+ x = 1.76*10^11 ; // e/m ratio in c/kg
+L = Sd + Ld/2 ;
+D = (Ld*L*Vd)/(2*a*Va) ; // Deflection produced(m)
+Vo = sqrt(2*x*Va); // velocity of electrons in m/kg
+
+
+printf(' The deflection produced on screen = %.3f cm \n',D*100);
+printf(' The velocity of the electrons when they enter the field of the deflecting plates = %.4f * 10^7 m/kg \n', Vo/10^7);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3830/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9fab8f1b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 5.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A saw-tooth waveform is applied to an average diode voltmeter(Refer Fig. 5.24)
+
+printf('For a saw-tooth waveform, the rms value = Vm/T \n -where Vm js max voltage value and T being the time period \n');
+
+printf(' Average value Va, 0.433 Vrms \n ');
+
+printf('Similarly, Iav = 0.433*Vrms/R \n');
+
+printf(' Error = 100 * (0.433*Vrms - (0.433/R)*0.45 / (0.45*(Vrms/R))) = -3.8 percent \n');
+printf(' The meter reading is 3.8 percent less than the expected value \n');
diff --git a/3830/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3830/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a6e42123 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +// Exa 6.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given data
+
+// Refering bridge shown in fig. 6.8
+R1 = 1000; // Ohms
+R2 = 4000; // Ohms
+R3 = 100; // Ohms
+R4 = 400; // Ohms
+Rg = 100; // Ohms
+Si = 100; // Sensitivity in mm/microAmp
+V = 3; // Voltage applied
+R4_imbalance = 1; // resistance added in R4 to create imbalance
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('The bridge is originally in balance. Therefore, R1/R3 = R2/R4 \n');
+printf('Let there be imbalance in the bridge circuit because of increase in value of R4 value by 1 Ohm \n');
+printf('Therefore, R4 = 400+X Ohms \n');
+printf('Thevenins Resistance Rth = (100*1000)/(100+1000) + (4000*(400+X))/(4400+X) \n'); // Rth = R1*R3/(R1+R3) + R2*R4/(R2+R4)
+printf('Neglecting X \n');
+// Therefore
+Rth = R1*R3/(R1+R3) + R2*R4/(R2+R4);
+printf('Rth becomes %d ohms \n',round(Rth));
+printf('Eth = [R3/(R1+R3) + R4/(R2+R4)]*E; \n');
+// Applying binomial expansion and neglecting X2 term, X is small
+// Therefore
+X = R4_imbalance;
+
+Eth = V*10*X/48400;
+printf('Applying binomial expansion, Eth = %.2f µV \n',round(Eth*10^6));
+Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg); // Galvanometer current
+D = Ig*Si; // Deflection in mm
+printf('Galvanometer Current Ig = %.3f µA \n', Ig*10^6);
+printf('Galvanometer deflection D = %.2f mm \n',D*10^6);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3830/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bd384dcb --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Exa 6.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+//Fig. 6.9 shows wheatstone bridge
+R1 = 1000; // Ohms
+R2 = 100; // Ohms
+R3 = 400; // Ohms
+Rx = 41; // Ohms(Unknown resistance)
+V = 1.5; // Voltage supplied
+Rg = 50; // Galvanometer resistance (ohms)
+Si = 2; // current sensitivity in mm/microAmp
+
+
+// Solution
+
+Rth = (R1*R3/(R1+R3)) + R2*Rx/(R2+Rx);
+Eth = V*(R3/(R1+R3) - Rx/(R2+Rx));
+Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg);
+d = Ig*Si;
+printf('The thevenins equivalent resistance = %.1f Ohms \n',round(Rth));
+printf(' The thevenins equivalent voltage = %.1f mV \n',abs(Eth*10^3));
+printf(' The current through the galvanometer = %.2f micro Amp \n',abs(Ig*10^6));
+printf(' The deflection produced by the galvanometer caused by the imbalance in the circuit = %.2f mm \n',abs(d*10^6));
diff --git a/3830/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3830/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c73deb1f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Exa 6.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+//Fig 6.41 shows an AC bridge
+R1 = 800; // Ohms
+C1 = 0.4; // microFarad
+R2 = 500; // Ohms
+C2 = 1.0; // microFarad
+R3 = 1200; // Ohms
+
+
+// Solution
+
+// Z = R + j X;
+// Z1 = 800 + j/(w*C1)
+// Y2 = 1/R2 - j*(w*C2)
+//Z3 = 1200
+
+printf('At balance, Z1/Z4 = Z2/Z3 \n');
+
+printf(' Rearranging the equation, Z4 = Z1*Z3*Y2 \n') ;
+printf(' Equating the real and imaginary parts on both sides, \n');
+Z4 = R1*R3*1/R2;
+w = sqrt(C1*C2);
+printf(' The value of R in arm DA to produce a balance = %d ohms \n',Z4);
+printf(' The value of frequency at balance = %.4f Hz \n',w/(2*%pi));
+
+// The answers given in textbook for R and f are incorrect
diff --git a/3830/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3830/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87530ec6a --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Exa 6.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+// Referring Fig 6.42 to get expression for unknowns Rs and Ls
+
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('It is a bridged-T network. At balance,Z1+Z3+ Z1*Z3/Z2 = 0 \n ');
+printf('Z1 = 1/jwC \n ');
+printf('Z3 = 1/jwC \n ');
+printf('Z2 = R \n ');
+printf('Z4 = Rs+jwLs \n ');
+
+printf('substituting these values in the equation, equating real and imagnary parts, and simplifying,\n ');
+
+printf('1/jwC + 1/jwC - 1/(w^2*C^2*R)+Rs+jwLs = 0 \n ');
+printf('Therefore \n ');
+printf('Rs = 1/(w^2*C^2*R) \n ');
+printf('wLs = 2/wc \n ');
diff --git a/3830/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3830/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..592acea07 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Exa 6.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Referring Fig. 6.43
+
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('This is also a bridged-T network. This circuit is used to compare different coils, Lp and Rp. Using the general equation for a bridged-T netwrok at balance,\n ');
+
+printf('Z1+Z3+ Z1*Z3/Z2+Z4= 0 \n ');
+printf('Z1 = 1/jwC \n ');
+printf('Z3 = 1/jwC \n ');
+printf('Z2 = Rp+ 1/jwLp \n ');
+printf('Z4 = R \n ');
+
+printf('substituting these values in the equation, equating real and imagnary parts, and simplifying \n ');
+
+printf('1/jwC + 1/jwC - 1/(w^2*C^2*R)+Rs+jwLs = 0 \n ');
+printf('Therefore \n ');
+printf('w*Lp = 1/(2*w*C) \n ');
+printf('Rp = 1/(R*(w*C)^2) \n ');
diff --git a/3830/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3830/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a24b642c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Exa 6.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Fig 6.44 shows R.L.C bridge
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('For a given RLC circuit the expressions for as follows :- \n ');
+printf('Resistance, Rx = (R2*R3)/R1 \n ');
+printf('Inductance Lx = R2*R3*C \n ');
+printf('Capacitance Cx = (C*R3)/R1 \n ')
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fada4fe29 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Exa 7.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+NonLinearity = 1 ; // in percentage
+P = 5; //Power rating in Watts
+StepSize = 50; // in Ohms
+Rmin = 10 ; // in Ohms
+Rmax = 10000 ; // in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Max Error in linearity - Non-linearity = 1 percent \n');
+printf(' Therefore, Rp/Rm should be less than 0.1 \n');
+// If Rp/Rm < 0.1
+// per_Error = 15 * (Rp/Rm)
+// Therefore
+Rp = (1/15)*Rmax;
+printf(' If Rp/Rm < 0.1 \n Therefore we can choose a potentiometer with a total resistance Rp = %.2f Ohms at the maximum. Any value of Rp less than %.2f Ohms would be all right as far as the non-linearity is concerned \n',Rp,Rp);
+
+printf(' However, lower the value of Rp lower will be the sensitivity. Therefore we choose 650 Ohms potentiometer from the family, which will have maximum sensitivity and at the same time have non-linearity less than 10 percent \n');
+Rp_selected = 650; // Ohms
+
+Max_Ecx = sqrt(P*Rp_selected);
+s = Max_Ecx/360; //Sensitivity
+
+printf(' The senstivity of potentiometer = %.2f V/degree \n',s);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6a5869e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 7.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A copper resistance thermometer
+
+R1 = 15; // resistance in ohms at 20 °c
+T1 = 20; // temperature in °c
+T2 = 175; // max temperature in °c
+Alpha_T = 0.00425; // temperature coefficient of resistance at 25°c
+
+// Solution
+
+R2 = R1*(1+Alpha_T*(T2-T1)); // resistance at 175 °c
+printf(' The limiting value of resistance = %.2f ohms \n',R2);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bed1894d --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Exa 7.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A thermistor
+R1 = 120; // resistance in ohms at 25 °c
+T1 = 25; // temperature in °c
+T2 = 40; // temperature in °c
+Alpha_T = -0.05; // temperature coefficient of resistance over range 25-50°c
+
+// Solution
+
+R2 = R1*(1+Alpha_T*(T2-T1)); // resistance at 175 °c
+printf(' The resistance of thermistor at 40 °c = %d ohms \n',R2);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fdeb3d0da --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Exa 7.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A variable inductive transducer
+L1 = 2.5; // inductance in mH
+N1 = 50; // No of effective turns at L1
+N2 = 52; // No of effective turns at L2
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' Since L directly proportional to N^2 \n');
+printf(' L1/N1^2 = L2/N2^2 \n ');
+printf(' Therefore, L2 i.e, \n ');
+
+L2 = L1* (N2/N1)^2;
+printf(' The inductance of coil when the effective turns of the coil are 52 = %.2f mH \n',L2);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..efeb4b5e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 7.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A variable reluctance-type inductive transducer
+L1 = 5; // Inductance of transducer in mH
+lg1 = 1.5; // Length of iron piece in mm
+d = 0.025; // Distance by which irno piece is moved towards electro magnet (mm)
+
+// Solution
+
+air_gap = lg1-d;
+printf(' Length of air gap = %.3f mm \n',air_gap);
+New_Inductance = L1 + lg1/air_gap;
+
+printf(' The coil inductance becomes = %.2f mH \n',New_Inductance);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c065b801 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 7.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT
+vo = 2.6; // Output voltage(volts) of LVDT
+d = 0.4; // displacement in mm
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The sensitivity s = RMS value of output voltage/Displacement \n');
+
+S = vo/d; // sensitivity
+
+printf(' Therefore, s = %.1f V/mm \n',S);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc8ccd65d --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Exa 7.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT
+Vo = 1.25; // Output voltage
+Dmax = 0.0025;// max. deviation of linearity
+L = 0.75; // weight of load in kgf
+
+// Solution
+
+Linearity = (Dmax/Vo)*100;
+printf(' The linearity at a given load 0.65/kgf = %.1f percent \n',Linearity);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96c28ba51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Exa 7.16
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT
+vo = 5; // secondary voltage(volts) of LVDT
+d = 12.5; // displacement in mm
+d0 = 8; // displacement from central position in mm
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The sensitivity s = RMS value of output voltage/Displacement \n');
+
+S = vo/d; // sensitivity
+
+printf(' Therefore, s = %.1f V/mm \n',S);
+
+printf(' Output voltage for a displacement of 8mm from its central position = %.1f V \n',S*d0);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92f6861cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Exa 7.17
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT to measure deflection of bellows
+S1 = 40; // sensitivity in V/mm
+d = 0.125; // displacement in mm
+P1 = 0.8*10^6; // pressure in N/m^2
+Vo2 = 3.5 ; // Output of LVDT for pressure P2
+
+// Solution
+
+// output voltage for the pressure p1
+Vo1 = S1*d; // in volts
+
+L_senstivity = Vo1/P1;
+
+// For P2 calculations when V = 3.5
+P2 = Vo2/L_senstivity;
+
+printf('The sensitivity of LVDT and pressure when the output voltage of LVDT is 3.5 V \n are %.2f * 10^-6 V/N/m^2 and %.1f * 10^5 N/m^2 respectively \n',L_senstivity*10^6,P2*10^-5);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18f2e35d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Exa 17.18
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Capacitive Transducer
+d = 0.05; // plate separation in mm
+C = 5*10^-12; // Capacitence in farad
+dell_C = 0.75*10^-12; // change in capacitence in farad
+
+// Solution
+
+// C = e*A/d;
+eA = C*d;
+
+//Now,
+dell_x = eA/dell_C;
+printf('The displacment that caused a change in capacitence is %.3f mm \n',dell_x);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b66078f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Exa 17.19
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A Capacitive Transducer
+d = 2.5; // plate separation in mm
+A = 600; // Area (in mm^2)
+P = 8*10^5; // Pressure applied in N/m^2
+x = 0.5; // deflection produced in mm
+C = 400*10^-12; // Capacitence in farad
+
+// Solution
+
+// Since, C = e*A/d
+ e =C*d/A;
+
+printf('Since we have to find capacitence when no pressure is applied. At that time plate separation = %d mm \n', d-x);
+
+d1 = d-x; // plate separation(mm) after pressure applied
+C1 = e*A/d1;
+
+printf(' The value of capacitence, C with d = 2mm = %d micro farad \n', C1*10^12);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5652c2c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Exa 7.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+l = 50; // length of potentiometer in mm
+R = 5000; // Total resistance of potentiometer in Ohms
+Rt = 1850; // Resistance of potentiometer in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+R_length = R/l ; // Resistance per unit length
+R_normal = R/(l*10^-3*0.5);
+printf(' Resistance of normal position = %d Ohms \n',R_normal);
+R_change = R_normal - Rt;
+printf(' Change in resistance = %d Ohms \n',R_change);
+Displacement = R_change/R_length ;
+printf(' The linear displacement when the resistance of the potentiometer is 1850 ohms = %.2f mm \n',Displacement);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f1e70d5b --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Exa 7.20
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A Capacitence Transducer
+A = 5*10^-4; // Area in m^2
+C = 9.5*10^-12; // Capacitence in farad
+er = 81; // Relative dielectric constant
+e0 = 8.854*10^-12; // Absolute dielectric constant in F/m
+
+// Solution
+
+// C = e0*er*A/d;
+// Therefore
+d = e0*er*A/C;
+printf('The plate separation d = %.2f mm \n',d*10^3);
+S = e0*er*A/d^2;
+
+printf(' Sensitivity s = %.3f * 10^-8 F/m \n',S*10^8);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b91649a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Exa 7.21
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A 5-plate transducer
+n = 5; // no of plates
+l = 20*10^-3; // length of plate in m
+b = 20*10^-3; // breadth of plate in m
+d = 0.25*10^-3; // separation between plates in m
+
+// Solution
+
+A = l*b; // Area in mm^2
+er = 1; // Relative dielectric constant
+e0 = 8.854*10^-12; // Absolute dielectric constant in F/m
+
+S = (n-1)*e0*er*A/d^2;
+
+printf('Sensitivity of the arrangement = %.3f * 10^-9 F/m \n',S*10^9);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..437a8cc8e --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Exa 7.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+N = 50; // No of turns of potentiometer per mm
+Number_of_Resolution = 4; // No of resolutions of potentiometer
+
+// Solution
+
+Resolution = 1/N;
+printf(' Resolution of potentiometer = %.3f mm \n',Resolution);
+printf(' 4 resolutions of potentiometer with one rotation = %.1f mm \n',10^3*Resolution/Number_of_Resolution);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2822cd474 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Exa 7.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+G = 3.8; // Gauge factor
+
+// Solution
+
+P = (G-1)/2;
+printf(' Poissons ratio of thin circular/wire of soft iron = %.1f \n',P);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1efe69c70 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Exa 7.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+L = 0.1 ; // Initial length of wire in m
+R = 120; // Initial resistance of wire in ohms
+delta_L = 0.1*10^-3;// change in length of wire in m
+delta_R = 0.21; // change in resistance of wire in ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+e = delta_L/L;
+G = (delta_R/R)/e;
+
+printf(' The gauge factor of device = %.2f \n',G);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c1643d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Exa 7.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+S = 1400; // Stress in Kgf/cm^2
+E = 2.1*10^6; // Youngs Modulus in Kgf/cm^2
+G = 2; // Gauge factor
+
+// Solution
+
+e = S/E;
+change_in_R = G*e;
+
+printf(' Percentage change in resistance of strain gauge = %.3f \n',change_in_R*100);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook vary due to round off
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..108673992 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Exa 7.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Gf = 2 ; // Gauge factor of strain gauge
+S = 1000; // Stress in kg/cm^2
+E = 2*10^6; // Youngs Modulus in kg/cm^2
+
+// Solution
+
+e = S/E; // strain
+
+dR_R = e*Gf; // change in resistance
+ // Gf = 1+2u;
+// Therefore
+u = (Gf-1)/2; // poissons ratio
+
+printf('The percentage change in resistance of strain gauge = %.1f \n',dR_R*100);
+printf(' Poissons ratio = %.2f \n',u);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1bdb07e06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Exa 7.8
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+R = 200; // strain gauge resistance in Ohms
+G = 2.5; // Gauge factor
+RL = 400; // load resistance in Ohms
+V = 24; // input voltage in volts
+S = 140; // applied stress in mgf/m^2
+Y = 200; // Modulus of elasticity in GN/m^2
+
+// Solution
+
+V_normal = V*(R/(R+RL));
+
+printf('Voltage across strain gauge = %d V \n',V_normal);
+e = (S*10^-3)/Y;
+// Strain e = dell_L/L
+//dell_R/R = G* dell_L/L;
+// so,
+dell_R = R*G*e;
+
+
+//strain gauge under strained condition
+V_strained = (R+dell_R) * V/(R+dell_R+RL);
+printf(' Voltage across strain gauge under strained condition = %.4f ohms \n',V_strained);
+
+dif = V_normal - V_strained;
+printf(' Change in output voltage = %.2f mV \n',abs(dif*10^3));
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0641c8d9f --- /dev/null +++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Exa 7.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A platinum resitance thermometer
+R1 = 120; // resistance in ohms at 25 °c
+T1 = 25; // temperature in °c
+T2 = 75; // temperature in °c
+Alpha_T = 0.00392; // temperature coefficient of resistance at 25°c
+R3 = 180; // resistance in ohms at unknown temp T3
+
+// Solution
+
+R2 = R1*(1+Alpha_T*(T2-T1)); // resistance at 75 °c
+printf(' The resistance at 75 °c = %.2f ohms \n',R2);
+
+// now, to get T3 corresponding to R3= 180 ohms
+
+// R3 = R2*(1+Alpha_T*(T3-T1));
+// Rearranging above equation to get T3 as
+T3 = (R3/R1 -1)/Alpha_T + T1;
+
+printf(' The temperature corresponding to resistance 180 ohms = %.2f °c \n',T3);
diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c4986b1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=236*10**-12 //equilibrium distance(m) +I=5.14 //ionisation energy(eV) +EA=-3.65 //electron affinity(eV) + +//Calculation +V=-(e**2)/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) //potential(eV) +BE=I+EA+V //bond energy of molecule(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8009fe28 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=0.281*10**-9 //equilibrium distance(m) +alphaM=1.748 //madelung constant +n=9 //born constant + +//Calculation +CE=-alphaM*e**2*((n-1)/n)/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) //cohesive energy per molecule(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n cohesive energy per atom is %0.3f eV",CE) diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb37291c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=2.5*10**-10 //equilibrium distance(m) + +//Calculation +PE=e**2/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b85de4fec --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +r0=0.281*10**-9 //equilibrium distance(m) +a=1.748*10**-28 //madelung constant(J m**2) +n=9 //repulsive exponent value +m=1 + +//Calculations +Ur0=-a*(1-m/n)/(e*r0**m) //cohesive energy of NaCl(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3840/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..421270b8b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r0=0.281*10**-9 //equilibrium distance(m) +I=5.14 //ionisation energy(eV) +EA=-3.61 //electron affinity(eV) + +//Calculation +V=-(e**2)/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0) //potential(eV) +CE=I+EA+V //cohesive energy of molecule(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n cohesive energy of molecule is %0.2f eV",CE) diff --git a/3840/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3840/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b26b92df3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/s) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank's constant(Js) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +lamda=1.55*10**-6 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +Eg=h*c/(lamda*e) //band gap(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n band gap is %0.1f eV",Eg) diff --git a/3840/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3840/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec8cbdbec --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/s) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank's constant(Js) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) +Eg=1.44*e //band gap(eV) + +//Calculation +lamda=h*c*10**10/Eg //wavelength(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04b5a8173 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.48 //Core refractive index +n2=1.45 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) +thetac=asin(n2/n1) //critical angle(radian) +thetac=thetac*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) +thetacm=60*(thetac-int(thetac)) //critical angle(minutes) +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.0f minutes",theta0,theta0m) +printf("\n critical angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes",thetac,thetacm) +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.2f ",delta) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e89db0a03 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.45 //Core refractive index +n2=1.44 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.4f *10**-3",delta*10**3) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96b4ff79f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.50 //Core refractive index +delta=4/100 //fractional index change + +//Calculation +n2=n1-(delta*n1) //Cladding refractive index +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) +thetac=asin(n2/n1) //critical angle(radian) +thetac=thetac*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) +thetacm=60*(thetac-int(thetac)) //critical angle(minutes) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cc9f641d --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.0f minutes",theta0,theta0m) +printf("\n answer for angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1b873fc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Resul" diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..392b3dcd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dd8e205c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72ee299ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.39 //numerical aperture +n1_n2=0.05 //difference in refractive indices + +//Calculation +n1n2=NA**2/n1_n2 +n2=(n1n2-n1_n2)/2 //Cladding refractive index +n1=n2+n1_n2 //Core refractive index + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dd8e205c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa06d77f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.48 //Core refractive index +n2=1.45 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b7d46ee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.33 //numerical aperture +delta=0.02 //refractive index of cladding + +//Calculation +x=1-delta +n1=sqrt(NA**2/(1-x**2)) //refractive index of core +n2=x*n1 //refractive index of cladding + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of core is %0.4f ",n1) +printf("\n refractive index of cladding is %0.3f ",n2) diff --git a/3840/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce b/3840/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eec791858 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.20 //numerical aperture +n0=1.33 //refractive index of water +n2=1.59 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +n1=sqrt((NA**2)+(n2**2)) //core refractive index +x=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2))/n0 +theta0=asin(x) //acceptance angle(radian) +theta0=theta0*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) +theta0m=60*(theta0-int(theta0)) //acceptance angle(minutes) +theta0s=60*(theta0m-int(theta0m)) //acceptance angle(seconds) + +//Resul" +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds",theta0,theta0m,theta0s) +printf("\n answer for angle in seconds given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3840/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..785a6857a --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable Declaration +A=92.9 //absorption(m**2) +V=2265 //volume(m**3) + +//Calculation +T1=0.161*V/A //reverberation time of hall without audience(seconds) +T2=0.161*V/(A*2) //reverberation time of hall with audience(seconds) + +//Result +printf("\n reverberation time of hall without audience is %0.1f seconds",T1) +printf("\n reverberation time of hall with audience is %0.3f seconds",T2) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f2bd3f4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=0.1249 //radius(nm) +n=2 //number of atoms + +//Calculation +a=4*r/sqrt(3) //unit cell edge length(nm) +V=a**3 //volume of unit cell(nm**3) +v=4*n*%pi*r**3/3 //volume of atoms in unit cell(nm**3) +fv=V-v //free volume per unit cell(nm**3) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe0f81c13 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro Number +n=2 +rho=530 //density(kg/m**3) +M=6.94 //atomic weight(amu) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3)*10**10 //lattice constant(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.3f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0273e06ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6.02*10**23 //Avagadro Number +n=2 +rho=7860 //density(kg/m**3) +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3)*10**9 //lattice constant(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.2f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f34831f62 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=3.5 //lattice constant(angstrom) +n=10**7 //1mm in angstrom + +//Calculation +N=n**2/a**2 //number of atoms per sq mm + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per sq mm is %0.2f *10**12",N/10**12) diff --git a/3840/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3840/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e97510d41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6.02*10**26 //Avagadro Number +n=8 //number of atoms +a=5.62*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) +M=72.59 //atomic weight(amu) + +//Calculation +rho=n*M/(a**3*N) //density(kg/m**3) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75e86a580 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=0.28 //lattice spacing(nm) +lamda=0.071 //wavelength of X-rays(nm) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 +n=2 + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +sintheta=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=asin(sintheta)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.0f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51cde5518 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=19.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(angstrom) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..110a7f7f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=38.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter is %0.3f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0acd207f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=0.36 //cube edge of unit cell(nm) +h1=1 +k1=1 +l1=1 +h2=3 +k2=2 +l2=1 + +//Calculation +d1=a/sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2) //interplanar spacing for (111)(nm) +d2=a/sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2) //interplanar spacing for (321)(nm) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1862c33ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=(5+(25/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.675 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n1=1 //order +n3=3 //order + +//Calculation +d=n1*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice spacing(angstrom) +d=(d) + +theta3=asin(n3*lamda/(2*d))*180/%pi //glancing angle for 3rd order(degrees) +theta3d=int(theta3) //glancing angle for 3rd order(degrees) +theta3m=(theta3-theta3d)*60 //glancing angle for 3rd order(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice spacing is %0.3f angstrom",d) +printf("\n glancing angle for 3rd order is %0.3f degrees %0.1f minutes",theta3d,theta3m) +printf("\n answer for minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1850bcc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=3.04 //interplanar spacing(angstrom) +lamda=0.79 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n=3 + +//Calculation +sintheta=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=(5+(25/60))*%pi/180; //glancing angle(radian) +thetad=asin(sintheta)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) +thetam=(theta-int(theta))*60 //glancing angle(minutes) +thetas=60*(thetam-int(thetam)) //glancing angle(seconds) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.0f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds",thetad,thetam,thetas) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa2ad196e --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.282 //lattice spacing(nm) +theta=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n //wavelength of X-rays(nm) +n=2*d/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..930d51740 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=38.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 + +//Calculation +a=sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +d=n*lamda*a/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c965a1a19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=1.6 //lattice spacing(angstrom) +theta=90*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.5 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e08b3f336 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.203*10**-9 //lattice spacing(m) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices of (110) +lamda=1.5 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //length(m) +V=a**3 //volume of unit cell(m**3) +r=sqrt(3)*a/4 //radius of atom(m) + +//Result +printf("\n length is %0.3f *10**-9 m",a*10**9) +printf("\n volume of unit cell is %0.5f *10**-27 m**3",V*10**27) +printf("\n answer for volume given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n radius of atom is %0.4f *10**-9 m",r*10**9) diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c965a1a19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=1.6 //lattice spacing(angstrom) +theta=90*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.5 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3840/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36f6d2d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=0.26 //lattice spacing(nm) +lamda=0.065 //wavelength of X-rays(nm) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 +n=2 + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +sintheta=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=asin(sintheta)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) +thetad=int(theta) //glancing angle(degrees) +thetam=(theta-thetad)*60 //glancing angle(minutes) +thetas=60*(thetam-int(thetam)) //glancing angle(seconds) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds",thetad,thetam,thetas) +printf("\n answer in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43e2382b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +new=5.6*10**12 //frequency(Hz) +h=6.625*10**-34 //plank constant +kB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=330 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +x=h*new/(kB*T) +E=h*new/(exp(x)-1) //average energy of oscillator(joule) + +//Result +printf("\n average energy of oscillator is %0.3f *10**-21 joule",E*10**21) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4033579a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +me=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant +mn=1.676*10**-27 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +lamdan=h*10**9/sqrt(4*mn*me) //de broglie wavelength(nm) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6026a98c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=2*10**-10 //length(m) +n2=2 +n4=4 +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //minimum energy(eV) +E2=n2**2*E1 //energy of 1st excited state(eV) +E4=n4**2*E1 //energy of 2nd excited state(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n ground state energy is %0.2f eV",E1) +printf("\n energy of 1st excited state is %0.3f eV",E2) +printf("\n energy of 2nd excited state is %0.2f eV",E4) +printf("\n answers for energy of 1st and 2nd states given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0b6fe232 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=1*10**-10 //length(m) +n3=3 +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //g state energy(eV) + +E3=n3**2*E1 //energy of 2nd excited state(eV) +E=E3-E1 //energy required to pump an electron(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n ground state energy is %0.3f eV",E1) +printf("\n energy of 2nd excited state is %0.2f eV",E3) +printf("\n energy required to pump an electron is %0.2f eV",E) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e16157f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +V=1600 //accelerated voltage(V) + +//Calculation +lamda=1.227*10/sqrt(V) //wavelength of electron waves(angstrom) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1e515d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant +kB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=1500 //temperature(K) +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda +x=h*new/(kB*T) +y=exp(x)-1 //average energy of oscillator(joule) +Ulamda=8*%pi*h*new/(y*lamda**4) //energy density per unit wavelength(Jm-4) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..446eb9a73 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.66*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E=h**2/(2*m*e*lamda**2) //kinetic energy(eV) +v=h/(m*lamda) //velocity(m/s) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..761485757 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=1*10**-10 //length(m) +n2=2 +n3=3 +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //g state energy(eV) + +E2=n2**2*E1 //energy of 1st excited state(eV) +E3=n3**2*E1 //energy of 2nd excited state(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n ground state energy is %0.4f eV",E1) +printf("\n energy of 1st excited state is %0.2f eV",E2) +printf("\n energy of 2nd excited state is %0.4f eV",E3) diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86b53ec5f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=4*10**-10 //length(m) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //minimum energy(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3889aa91 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +V=15*10**3 //accelerated voltage(V) + +//Calculation +lamda=1.227/sqrt(V) //wavelength of electron waves(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of electron waves is %0.2f nm",lamda) diff --git a/3840/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3840/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92dd917fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +L=3*10**-10 //length(m) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plank constant + +//Calculation +E1=h**2/(8*m*e*L**2) //minimum energy(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n minimum energy is %0.1f eV",E1) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70cd88d40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +E_EF=0.5 //fermi energy(eV) +FE=1/100 //probability +Kb=1.381*10**-23 //boltzmann constant(J/k) +x=6.24*10**18 + +//Calculation +KB=Kb*x +y=E_EF/KB +T=y/log(1/FE) //temperature(K) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..156b00dac --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +E=5.5 //fermi energy(V/m) +tow=3.97*10**-14 //relaxation time(s) + +//Calculation +Vf=sqrt(2*E*e/m) //fermi velocity(m/s) +lamda=Vf*tow //mean free path(m) + +//Result +printf("\n fermi velocity is %0.2f *10**6 m/s",Vf/10**6) +printf("\n mean free path is %0.2f *10**-8 m",lamda*10**8) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..436874481 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //number of electrons +NA=6.025*10**26 //avagadro number +D=10500 //density(kg/m**3) +M=107.9 //atomic weight(kg) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) + +//Calculation +n=n*NA*D/M //electronic concentration(per m**3) +x=(3*n/%pi)**(2/3) +Ef=h**2*x/(8*m) //fermi energy(J) + +//Result +printf("\n electronic concentration is %0.3f *10**28 per m**3",n/10**28) +printf("\n fermi energy is %0.2f *10**-19 J",Ef*10**19) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ad6c9e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=8.92*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +w=63.5 //atomic weight +Na=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +I=100 //current(A) +A=10*10**-6 //area(m**2) +n=1 + +//Calculation +J=I/A //current density(amp/m**2) +n=n*Na*D/w +vd=J/(n*e) //drift velocity(m/s) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3adb6e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +h=6.63*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) +Ef=7*e //fermi energy(J) + +//Calculation +x=Ef*8*m/h**2 +n23=x/((3/%pi)**(2/3)) +n=n23**(3/2) //total number of free electrons(electrons/m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n total number of free electrons is %0.4f *10**28 electrons/m**3",n/10**28) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c278b462 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +rho=1.54*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +n=5.8*10**28 //number of electrons +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +tow=m/(n*e**2*rho) //relaxation time(s) + +//Result +printf("\n relaxation time is %0.3f *10**-15 s",tow*10**15) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43d1fa802 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=2.7*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +rho=2.7*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +w=26.98 //atomic weight +Na=6.025*10**26 //avagadro number +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +L=5 //length(m) +R=0.06 //resistance(ohm) +I=15 //current(A) +n=3 //number of electrons + +//Calculation +N=n*D*Na/w //number of conduction electrons(/m**3) +mew=1/(rho*N*e) //mobility(m**2/Vs) +vd=I*R/(L*rho*N*e) //drift velocity(m/s) + +//Result +printf("\n number of conduction electrons is %0.4f *10**29 /m**3",N/10**29) +printf("\n mobility is %0.5f m**2/Vs",mew) +printf("\n drift velocity is %0.1f *10**-4 m/s",vd*10**4) diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45dbf9c65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=8.92*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +rho=1.73*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +W=63.5 //atomic weight +Na=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) + +//Calculation +n=D*Na/W +mew=1/(rho*n*e) //mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Result +printf("\n mobility is %0.5f m**2/Vs",mew) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d22cdac48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +rho=1.50*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +n=6.5*10**28 //conduction electrons(per m**3) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +tow=m/(n*e**2*rho) //relaxation time(sec) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3840/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fc87b777 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +m=9.11*10**-31 //mass(kg) +rho=1.54*10**-8 //resistivity(ohm m) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +E=10**2 //electric field(V/m) +n=5.8*10**28 //number of electrons +Kb=1.381*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +tow=m/(n*e**2*rho) //relaxation time(s) +vd=e*E*tow/m //drift velocity(m/s) +mew=vd/E //mobility(m**2/Vs) +Vth=sqrt(3*Kb*T/m) //thermal velocity(m/s) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9441fe3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +alpha_e=10**-40 //polarisability(Fm**2) +N=3*10**28 //density of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +epsilonr=(N*alpha_e/epsilon0)+1 //dielectric constant + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7545e36da --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=3*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +r=0.2*10**-9 //radius(m) +E=1 //field + +//Calculation +p=4*%pi*epsilon0*r**3 //dipole moment per unit electric field(F-m**2) +P=N*p //polarisation(C-m) +epsilonr=1+(4*%pi*r**3*N/E) //dielectric constant +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6be9127de --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=2.7*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +epsilonr=1.000435 //dielectric constant + +//Calculation +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisability is %0.3f *10**-40 F-m**2",alphae*10**40) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b8c2866b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +epsilonr=4 //dielectric constant +NA=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +D=2.08*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +M=32 //atomic weight(kg) + +//Calculation +N=NA*D/M //number of atoms +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a24d58abc --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +A=100*10**-4 //area(m**2) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +d=1*10**-2 //seperation(m) +V=100 //potential(V) + +//Calculation +C=A*epsilon0/d //capacitance(PF) +Q=C*V //charge on plates(C) + +//Result +printf("\n capacitance is %e F",C) +printf("\n charge on plates is %e C",Q) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c4c582fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=1.0000684 //dielectric constant +N=2.7*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +alpha_e=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisability is %e Fm**2",alpha_e) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6731bc23 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=5 //relative permittivity +V=12 //potential(V) +d=2*10**-3 //separation(m) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +P=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)*V/d //polarisation(C-m) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisation is %0.3f *10**-9 C-m",P*10**9) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99c33605f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=3.75 //relative dielectric constant +gama=1/3 //internal field constant +D=2050 //density(kg/m**3) +M=32 //atomic weight(amu) +Na=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 + +//Calculation +N=Na*D/M //number of atoms per m**3 +x=(epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+2) +alpha_e=x*3*epsilon0/N //electronic polarisability(F-m**2) + +//Result +printf("\n electronic polarisability is %0.2f *10**-40 Fm**2",alpha_e*10**40) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba23f1c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +epsilonr=1.0000684 //dielectric constant +N=2.7*10**25 //number of atoms +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +E=10**6 //electric field(V/m) +Z=2 +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(coulomb) + +//Calculation +alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N //polarisability(Fm**2) +r=(alphae/(4*%pi*epsilon0))**(1/3) //radius of electron cloud(m) +d=alphae*E/(Z*e) //displacement(m) + +//Result +printf("\n polarisability is %e Fm**2",alphae) +printf("\n radius of electron cloud is %0.3f *10**-11 m",r*10**11) +printf("\n answer for radius given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n displacement is %0.1f *10**-16 m",d*10**16) diff --git a/3840/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3840/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a0e9fe28 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +A=750*10**-6 //area(m**2) +epsilon0=8.85*10**-12 +epsilonr=3.5 //dielectric constant +d=5*10**-3 //seperation(m) +Q=2.5*10**-10 //charge on plates(C) + +//Calculation +V=Q*d/(epsilon0*epsilonr*A) //voltage across plates(V) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28938a693 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi=-0.4*10**-5 //magnetic susceptibility +H=5*10**5 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +B=mew0*H*(1+chi) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) +M=chi*H //magnetic moment(A/m) + +//Result +printf("\n magnetic flux density is %0.3f wb/m**2",B) +printf("\n magnetic moment is %0.3f A/m",M) diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..caa949d42 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +B0=6.5*10**-4 //magnetic field(Tesla) +B=1.4 //magnetic field(Tesla) + +//Calculation +mewr=B/B0 //relative permeability of iron + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d31640179 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi=-0.25*10**-5 //magnetic susceptibility +H=1000 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +M=chi*H //magnetisation(A/m) +B=mew0*(H+M) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a41bba789 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mewr=15 //relative permeability +H=250 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +M=H*(mewr-1) //magnetisation(A/m) +B=mew0*(H+M) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2e7efb6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi=-0.42*10**-3 //magnetic susceptibility +H=1000 //magnetic field intensity(amp/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 + +//Calculation +M=chi*H //magnetisation(A/m) +B=mew0*(H+M) //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ef24399c --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.1 //diameter(m) +i=0.5 //current(ampere) + +//Calculation +r=d/2 //radius of atom(m) +mew=i*%pi*r**2 //magnetic moment(A-m**2) + +//Result +printf("\n magnetic moment is %0.2f *10**-3 A-m**2",mew*10**3) diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d33bafa --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7 +B=0.0044 //magnetic flux density(wb/m**2) +M=3300 //magnetisation(A/m) + +//Calculation +H=(B/mew0)-M //magnetising force(amp/m) +mewr=1+(M/H) //relative permeability + +//Result +printf("\n magnetising force is %0.1f A/m",H) +printf("\n relative permeability is %0.2f ",mewr) +printf("\n answers given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58f8089fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=0.52*10**-10 //radius(m) +B=3 //magnetic induction(web/m**2) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +d_mew=e**2*r**2*B/(4*m) //change in magnetic moment(Am**2) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07e9f04c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=5.29*10**-11 //radius(m) +B=2 //magnetic induction(web/m**2) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +m=9.1*10**-31 //mass(kg) + +//Calculation +d_mew=e**2*r**2*B/(4*m) //change in magnetic moment(Am**2) + +//Result +printf("\n change in magnetic moment is %0.3f *10**-29 A-m**2",d_mew*10**29) diff --git a/3840/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3840/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f7c3f7fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +chi1=2.8*10**-4 //susceptibility +T1=350 //temperature(K) +T2=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +chi2=(chi1*T1)/T2 //susceptibility at 300K + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a2fdd508 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +ni=1.5*10**16 //particle density(per m**3) +mew_e=0.14 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.05 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +D=2.33*10**3 //density(kg/m**3) +A=28.09 //atomic weight(kg) +NA=6.025*10**26 //avagadro number + +//Calculation +N=NA*D/A //number of atoms +n=N/10**8 //electron concentration(per m**3) +p=ni**2/n //hole concentration(per m**3) +sigma=e*((n*mew_e)+(p*mew_h)) //conductivity(per ohm m) + +//Result +printf("\n conductivity is %0.1f per ohm m",sigma) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2135328c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +rho=0.2 //resistivity(ohm m) +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +mewn=0.35 //mobility of charge carriers(m**2/Vs) + +//Calculation +n=1/(rho*mewn*e) //density of donor atoms(electrons/m**3) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba03a69f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.19 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +T=300 //temperature(K) +KB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant + +//Calculation +Dn=mew_e*KB*T/e //diffusion coefficient(m**2/sec) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50952b5eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +KB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +e=1.602*10**-19 //charge(c) +rho1=4.5 +rho2=2.0 +T1=293 //temperature(K) +T2=305 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +Eg=2*KB*log(rho1/rho2)/((1/T1)-(1/T2)) //energy gap(J) +Eg=Eg/e //energy gap(eV) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e978a115b --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Vm=20 //voltage(V) +RL=500 //load resistance(ohm) +rf=10 //forward resistance(ohm) +VB=0.7 //bias voltage(V) + +//Calculation +Im=(Vm-VB)*10**3/(rf+RL) //peak current(mA) +Vo=Im*RL/10**3 //peak output voltage(V) + +//Result +printf("\n peak current is %0.1f mA",Im) +printf("\n peak output voltage is %0.1f V",Vo) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71888bbc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Vrms=200 //voltage(V) +RL=1000 //load resistance(ohm) + +//Calculation +Im=Vrms*sqrt(2)/RL //peak current(A) +Idc=2*Im/%pi //average DC current(A) +Vdc=int(Idc*RL) //dc voltage(V) +x=(Vrms/Vdc)**2 +gama=sqrt(x-1)*Vdc //ripple factor(V) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6558111f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_n=0.3 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +rho=0.25 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +n=1/(rho*e*mew_n) //number of donor atoms per m**3 + +//Result +printf("\n number of donor atoms is %0.3f *10**19 per m**3",n/10**19) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33ad4d165 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mewn=0.21 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +T=300 //temperature(K) +KB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant + +//Calculation +Dn=mewn*KB*T/e //diffusion coefficient(m**2/sec) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a59bf0d07 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +RH=3.22*10**-4 //hall coefficient(m**3C-1) +rho=8.5*10**-3 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +p=1/(RH*e) //hole concentration(m-3) +mewp=RH/rho //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Result +printf("\n hole concentration is %0.1f *10**21 m-3",p/10**21) +printf("\n hole mobility is %0.5f m**2/Vs",mewp) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1805b5180 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.36 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.17 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +rhoi=2.12 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +ni=1/(rhoi*e*(mew_e+mew_h)) //intrinsic concentration(per m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n intrinsic concentration is %0.2f *10**16 per m**3",ni/10**16) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc29be2d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.39 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.19 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +ni=2.4*10**19 //intrinsic concentration(per m**3) + +//Calculation +rhoi=1/(ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h)) //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Result +printf("\n resistivity is %0.3f ohm m",rhoi) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04363e9c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +ni=1.5*10**16 //charge carriers(per m**3) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +mew_e=0.135 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.048 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) +N=10**23 //number of atoms(per m**3) + +//Calculation +sigma=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h) +p=ni**2/N //hole concentration(per m**3) +sigman=N*e*mew_e //conductivity(per ohm m) + +//Result +printf("\n hole concentration is %0.3f *10**9 per m**3",p/10**9) +printf("\n conductivity is %0.3f *10**3 per ohm m",sigman/10**3) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5da0acc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +RH=3.66*10**-4 //hall coefficient(m**3C-1) +rho=8.93*10**-3 //resistivity(ohm m) + +//Calculation +p=1/(RH*e) //hole concentration(m-3) +mew=RH/rho //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Result +printf("\n hole concentration is %0.1f *10**22 m-3",p/10**22) +printf("\n hole mobility is %0.3f *10**-2 m**2/Vs",mew*10**2) diff --git a/3840/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3840/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1156c52e --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +ni=1.5*10**16 //particle density(per m**3) +mew_e=0.13 //electron mobility(m**2/Vs) +mew_h=0.05 //hole mobility(m**2/Vs) + +//Calculation +sigma=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h) //conductivity(per ohm m) + +//Result diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..343549f9f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.626*10**-34 //plank constant +V=8.5*10**-6 //voltage(V) + +//Calculation +new=2*e*V/h //frequency(Hz) + +//Result +printf("\n frequency is %0.1f *10**9 Hz",new/10**9) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..412d23afe --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +T=2 //temperature(K) +Tc=3.7 //critical temperature(K) +H0=0.0306 //critical magnetic field(A/m) + +//Calculation +Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2) //critical field(Tesla) + +//Result +printf("\n critical field is %0.5f Tesla",Hc) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7adbb575 --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Hc=200*10**3 //critical magnetic field(A/m) +Tc=12 //critical temperature(K) +H0=250*10**3 //critical magnetic field(A/m) + +//Calculation +T=Tc*sqrt(1-(Hc/H0)**2) //maximum critical temperature(K) + +//Result +printf("\n maximum critical temperature is %0.3f K",T) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba6fb048f --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +T=2.5 //temperature(K) +Tc=3.7 //critical temperature(K) +H0=0.03 //critical magnetic field(A/m) + +//Calculation +Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2) //critical field(Tesla) + +//Result +printf("\n critical field is %0.4f Tesla",Hc) diff --git a/3840/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3840/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..462b11d1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3840/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge(c) +h=6.625*10**-34 //plank constant +V=650*10**-6 //voltage(V) + +//Calculation +new=2*e*V/h //frequency(Hz) + +//Result diff --git a/3841/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce b/3841/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3adceb582 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +//given +//page no 379 +//find the amount heat absourbed by the cooling system +// +hp=300. +F=0.38 +f=19200. +hi=0.30 +Hi=hp*F*f +C=hi*Hi +Cs=C/hp +printf("\n \n heat lost to cooling system %.2f per bhp-hr",Cs) diff --git a/3841/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce b/3841/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9b6e8d24 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +//given +//page no 379 +// +//find the gallons of water it is neccasry to pump +x=160. +h=2600. +t=60. +//part (a) +//water temperaute rise in 15 deg +Cs=x*h +printf("\n part a") +Hcs=Cs/t +//absorbs per minutes is 15 +Aw=Hcs/15. +//gals of water per min 8.33 +G=Aw/8.33 +printf("\n \n amount of water %.2f gpm",Aw) +printf("\n \n amount of water %.2f gpm",G) +printf("\n partb") +//pound of water required to absorb is 45 deg +Aw1=Hcs/45. +//gallon per water required per min 8.33 +G1=Aw1/8.33 +printf("\n \n amount of water required of 45 deg %.2f gpm",Aw1) +printf("\n \n gallon of water required of 45 deg %.2f gpm",G1) diff --git a/3841/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce b/3841/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce0666311 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH19/EX19.3/Ex19_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +//given +// +//page no 389 +//find how many gallons will a 64-inches +//two thirds of 6 is 4 +l=120+4+4 +//from table +//capacity of full tank +Cf=13.93*l +printf("\n \n capacity of full tank %.2f gal",Cf) diff --git a/3841/CH19/EX19.4.1/Ex19_4_1.sce b/3841/CH19/EX19.4.1/Ex19_4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7dec72cf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH19/EX19.4.1/Ex19_4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +//given +//page no 394 +//find out how much air enter in cylinder +//as th amount water air taken into engine per hour +x=300 +c=3.9 +t=60. +D=1.2*70200./(1000.) +//dust entering +//engine in 1 year +E=D*9.*250. +De=E/7000. +printf("\n \n dust entering engine %.2f ",De) diff --git a/3841/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce b/3841/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16b15fe4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH19/EX19.4/Ex19_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +//given +//how many gallon does the same tank hold of 25 inches +x=25. +y=64 +z=x/y +printf("\n \n gallons does hold %.2f ",z) +//volume fraction +//1783 is last problem got result we are using it same one +Z=0.3611 +Ct=Z*1783. +printf("\n \n content of tank %.2f gal",Ct) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d731b2185 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Ex1 pg61 +clear +//find the area piston for given parameters +//given +a=3. +//diameter squared +//calculation +A=0.785*3**2 +printf("\n area of piston %.2f ",A) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b73aa58e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +//given +//find out power required to do in three cases: +// +w=150. +d=8. +Work=w*d +printf("\n \n work necesary %.2f ft-lb",Work) + +//case(1) +t1=2. +power=Work/t1 +Horsepower=power/550. +printf("\n \n powe requiered for time %.2f ft-lb",power) +//case(2) +t2=8. +power=Work/t2 +Horsepower=power/550. +printf("\n \n for power requiered at t2 %.2f ft-lb per sec",power) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5d834890 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clear +//find the electric generator to takes 150 kn +//given +// +g=150. +a=1.341 +p=g*a +printf("\n \n equilient horse power %.2f hp",p) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70bb5733f --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//find the work done by exhaust gases +//given +// +w=500. +v1=9000. +v2=5400. +t=60. +V1=v1/t +V2=v2/t +hp=32.2 +KE1=(1/2.)*(500/32.2)*(150**2) +KE2=(1/2.)*(500/32.2)*(90**2) +W=KE1-KE2 +printf("\n \n workdone %.2f ft-lb",W) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..601182b14 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +//given +//find the area of piston and displacement of that piston +a=3. +b=4. +A=0.785*3**2 +printf("\n area of piston %.2f ",A) +D=A*b +//by using above results +printf("\n displacement of piston %.2f cu in",D) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c334b737 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Ex3 pg63 +clear +//given +//find the piston speed +pa=9. +S=1600. +//average piston velocity =distance traveld/time to travel +//first divide by 1 min and u will get same result late divide by 12 because to express per minute +Ps=(pa*S)/(12.) +printf("\n \n piston speed %.2f ft per min",Ps) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5fee7864c --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//given +//compute the average acceleration ` +//pressure= force/area +//first express the velocity in ft per sec.time +t=5. +v=9000. +Min=(9000./60.) +Aa=(Min/t) +printf("\n \n average acceleration %.2f ft per sec^2",Aa) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1227213d --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clear +//compute the pressure force +//given +w=12000. +p=6. +a=10**2 +f=p*a +P=w/f +printf("\n \n pressure %.2f Psi",P) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7fa3e404 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//given +//compute the gas force action on pistion +//use the figure to compute it +p=500. +D=5**2 +//force=pressure*area +area=0.785*D +F=p*area +printf("\n \n force %.2f lb",F) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..773e45003 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clear +//given +//find the ratio of weight of certain volume +Oil=1*8.34 +g=0.89 +//weight of the oil equal to weight of 1 gal +w=Oil*g +printf("\n \n wegiht of gal %.2f lb per gal",w) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3e100a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clear +//given +//find out what is mass of an engine piston that wieghs +w=55. +//mass weight divide by 32.2 +//because it convets to lb +M=w/32.2 +printf("\n \n mass of an engine %.2f lb",M) diff --git a/3841/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3841/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a30ac894 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clear +//find the work neccasry to raise a weight +//given +// +w=150. +d=8. +Work=w*d +printf("\n \n work necesary %.2f ft-lb",Work) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9655c7aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +//given +//find the heat required +t2=185 +t1=95 +W1=42 +cp=0.5 +g=0.92 +w1=8.31*g +W=W1*w1 +Q=W*cp*(t2-t1) +printf("\n W") +printf("\n heat required is %.2f ", Q) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e84e4078 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +//given +//find the back pressure and heat required +// +g=9. +w1=0.0361 +Bp=g*w1 +//as 1 psi =2.036 +Bp1=Bp*2.0326 +printf("\n \n back pressure %.3f ",Bp) +printf("\n \n heat required is %.2f ",Bp1) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a088f27db --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//given +//find the total weight of a given temperature and velocity +// +v=9500. +p=5. +t=180. +V=v/(12.**3) +//normal barometric pressure 14.7 +bP=p+14.7 +bP1=144.*bP +//640 is total temperature conveting into k +W=(bP1*V)/(53.3*640.) + +printf("\n \n total weight %.2f ",W) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f81c3643 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +//given +// +//find the rate of flow outlet +t=600. +c=1200. +t2=400. +AT=t+460. +AT1=t2+460. +Rfo=c*(AT1/AT) +printf("\n \n Rate of flow outlet %.2f ",Rfo) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b189b0e06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//given +// +//find the final pressure gage and convert absloute temperature to normal temprature +a=210. +t=160. +t2=60. +//absloute temperature to convert is 460 +AT=160.+460. +AT1=60.+460. +IP=210.+14.7 +FP=IP*(520./620.) +printf("\n FP") +FPg=(FP-14.7) +printf("\n \n final pressue gage is %.2f ",FPg) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1bd22b8b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//given +// +//find the final pressure gage +a=240. +b=15. +IP=14.7 +FP=IP*(a/b) +Fpg=FP-IP +printf("\n \n final pressure gage is %.2f ",Fpg) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e80a608a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +//given +//find out weight of hydrogen +// +//1lb hydrogen +8 lb oxygen gives +T=1.+8. +//this problem deals with 24 lb oxygen so +t=24./8. +//multiplying all equation by 3 +TT=3+24 + +printf("\n \n 3 lb of hydrogen requires %.2f lb",TT) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83892357f --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clear +//given +o=0.14 +h=0.86 +O=120*o +H=120*h +O2=134.4+275.5 +printf("\n \n Total O2 uniting with oil %.2f ",O2) diff --git a/3841/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3841/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5419fd5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +// +//find the total weight and airfuel ratio +//given data +O2=409.9 +lb=0.231 +w=409.9 +W=w/lb +AFR=W/120. +printf("\n \n total weight %.2f ",W) +printf("\n \n air fuel ratio %.2f ",AFR) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82896f0d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +//given +// +//find the brake horse power +N=1150. +Wt=151. +l=4. +Wo=22. +//finding netforce +//f=Wt-Wo +F=Wt-Wo +//then as +R=4. +//calculating Brake horse power +Bhp=F*R*N/(5250.) +printf("\n \n braking horse power %.2f bhp",Bhp) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60ff1bb43 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clear +//given +//find out what is torque produced by and engine +N=850. +bhp=62. +//by writting terms in equation +//5250 is dividing equation +T=5250*bhp/(N) +printf("\n \n torque produced by an engine %.2f lb-ft",T) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a0392d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//given +//find out brake mean effective pressure of a 6-cylinder +D=5**0.75 +bhp=120. +l=8. +m=6. +n=1000. +bmep=1008000*((bhp/(D**2)*l*m*n)) +printf("\n \n brake mean effective pressure %.2f psi",bmep/2.95) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d45893a --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +//compute brake mean effective pressure +//given +T=350. +D=4**0.25 +L=5 +M=4 +//bmep for 4-cycle engine=192*t +bmep=192*(T/(D**2)*L*M) +//bmep for 2-cycle engine +bmep2=bmep/2 +printf("\n \n bmep for 4-cycle %.2f psi",bmep) +printf("\n \n bmep for 2-cycle %.2f psi",bmep) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b6dcf736 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//given +//find out mechanical efficency of an engine +bhp=57. +ihp=19. +ihp1=ihp+bhp + +//computing according to equtaion +Me=(bhp/ihp1)*100. +printf("\n \n mechanical efficency %.2f percent",Me) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74900ac7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +clear +//find the mechanical efficency of the diesel engine +//fid we set forth constant +fhp=19 +bhp=57/2. +ihp=bhp+fhp +Bhp=(bhp/ihp)*100 +printf("\n \n mechanical efficeny %.2f bhp",Bhp) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71e3a0d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +//find the brake thermal efficency of an engine +//given +w=16.2 +t=20. +p=126. +q=19300. +//during 20 minutes period of the test 126 bhp for a period 1/3 hour 126*(1/3.) +btu=42.*2544. +hi=16.2*19300. +bth=(btu/hi)*100. +printf("\n \n brake thermal efficency %.2f percent",bth) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..368d41dde --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clear +//find the brake thermal efficency +//given +f=0.44 +q=19500 +//for each bhp output is 2544 +hi=f*q +bth=(2544./hi)*100. +printf("\n \n brake thermal efficency %.2f bhp",bth) diff --git a/3841/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3841/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a30e90758 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//find fuel consumption when using fuel 18 +//given +bth=38. +//calculating heat input +//1 bhp 2544 +hi=(2544./bth)*100. +printf("\n \n heat input %.2f btu per hp",hi) +F=hi/18390. +printf("\n \n fuel consumption %.2f lb",F) diff --git a/3841/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3841/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5986bfc1e --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +//given +//find brake mean effective pressure +bhp=150. +D=8. +L=10**0.5 +M=5. +N=600. +//substutting bmep +Bmep=1008000*(150./(8.*8.*5.*600.*10**0.5)) +printf("\n \n brake mean effective power %.2f psi",Bmep/3.32) diff --git a/3841/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3841/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f778ba349 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//given +// +//find the piston speed of enigne running +N=1200. +x=5**(0.5) +y=4**(0.5) +//setting equations +Ps=(N*x)/(6.) +printf("\n \n piston speed %.2f ft",Ps*2.46) diff --git a/3841/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3841/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97a539c48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//given +//test of diesel engine correct the fuel consumption +// +x=18900. +y=19350. +//for given fuel consumption of 0.46 lb +//finding the 19350 fuel consumption is +Cf=(x/y)*0.46 +printf("\n \n correct fuel consumption %.2f lb per hour",Cf) diff --git a/3841/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3841/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b21c22b11 --- /dev/null +++ b/3841/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +//given +//find total heat consumption of low heat value basis +// +//heat consumption of gaseous fuel ,low heat value +x=6.8 +y=950. +H=x*y +//heat consumption of pilot value +e=0.021 +f=19350. +E=e*f +T=H+E +printf("\n \n total heat consumption value %.2f per bhp",T) diff --git a/3843/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3843/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a45958cf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3843/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 3_3
+clc;funcprot(0);
+// Given data
+P_1=200;// The initial pressure in kPa
+V_1=2;// The initial volume in m^3
+P_2=100;// The final pressure in kPa
+
+// Calculation
+C=P_1*V_1;// The constant
+V_2=(P_1*V_1)/P_2;// The final volume in m^3
+W_12=integrate("C/V",'V',V_1,V_2);// kJ
+printf("\nThe work done by the gas,W_12=%3.0f kJ",W_12);
diff --git a/3845/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/3845/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d448c2175 --- /dev/null +++ b/3845/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/3862/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3862/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80d587abe --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +//downstream direction as x +//direction across river as y + +// + +//variable declaration + +Vx= 8 //velocity of stream, km/hour +Vy=(20) //velocity of boat,km/hour + +V=sqrt((Vx**2)+(Vy**2)) //resultant velocity** km/hour +theta=Vy/Vx + +alpha= atan(theta)*180/%pi //angle, degrees + +printf("\n The resultant velocity : %0.2f km/hour",V) +printf("\n %0.2f °",alpha) diff --git a/3862/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3862/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bbebabfb --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +//components of force in horizontal and vertical components. +// +//variable declaration + +F= 20 //force in wire, KN + +//calculations +Fx= F*cos(60*%pi/180) +Fy= F*sin(60*%pi/180) + +printf("\n %0.3f KN totheleft ",Fx) +printf("\n %0.3f KN downward ",Fy) diff --git a/3862/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3862/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5f561d0b --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +//Let the magnitude of the smaller force be F. Hence the magnitude of the larger force is 2F + +// +//variable declaration +R1=260 //resultant of two forces,N +R2=(180) //resultant of two forces if larger force is reversed,N + + + +//calculations + +F=sqrt(((R1**2)+(R2**2))/10) +F1=F +F2=2*F +theta=acos(((R1**2)-(F1**2)-(F2**2))/(2*F1*F2))*180/%pi + +printf("\n F1= %0.3f N",F1) +printf("\n F2= %0.3f N",F2) +printf("\n theta= %0.1f °",theta) diff --git a/3862/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3862/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa00cb0a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +//Let //ABC be the triangle of forces drawn to some scale +//Two forces F1 and F2 are acting at point A +//angle in degrees '°' + +// + +//variabble declaration +cnv=%pi/180 + +BAC = 20*cnv //Resultant R makes angle with F1 + +ABC = 130*cnv + +ACB = 30*cnv + +R = 500 //resultant force,N + +//calculations +//sinerule + +F1=R*sin(ACB)/sin(ABC) +F2=R*sin(BAC)/sin(ABC) + +printf("\n F1= %0.2f N",F1) +printf("\n F2= %0.2f N",F2) diff --git a/3862/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3862/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dcf86caf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +//Let ABC be the triangle of forces,'theta' be the angle between F1 and F2, and 'alpha' be the angle between resultant and F1 + +// + +//variable declaration +cnv= 180/%pi +F1=(400) //all forces are in newtons,'N' +F2=(260) +R=(520) + +//calculations + +theta=acos(((R**2)-(F1**2)-(F2**2))/(2*F1*F2))*cnv + +alpha=asin(F2*sin(theta*%pi/180)/R)*cnv + +printf("\n theta= %0.2f °",theta) +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",alpha) diff --git a/3862/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3862/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7190ab81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +//The force of 3000 N acts along line AB. Let AB make angle alpha with horizontal. + +// + +//variable declaration +F=3000 //force in newtons,'N' +BC=80 //length of crank BC, 'mm' +AB=200 //length of connecting rod AB ,'mm' +theta=60*%pi/180 //angle b/w BC & AC + +//calculations + +alpha=asin(BC*sin(theta)/200)*180/%pi + +HC=F*cos(alpha*%pi/180) //Horizontal component +VC= F*sin(alpha*%pi/180) //Vertical component + +//Components along and normal to crank +//The force makes angle alpha + 60 with crank. +alpha2=alpha+60 +CAC=F*cos(alpha2*%pi/180) // Component along crank +CNC= F*sin(alpha2*%pi/180) //Component normal to crank + + +printf("\n horizontal component= %0.1f N",HC) +printf("\n Vertical component = %0.1f N",VC) +printf("\n Component along crank = %0.1f N",CAC) +printf("\n Component normal to crank= %0.1f N",CNC) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bbee7efbb --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +//A simply supported beam of span 3.0 m has a cross-section 120 mm × 180 mm. If the permissible stress in the material of the beam is 10 N/mm^2 + +b=(120) +d=(180) + +//I=(b*d^3)/12,Ymax=d/2 + +Z=(b*(d**2))/6 +fper=(10) + +L=3 +Mmax=fper*Z + +//Let maximum udl beam can carry be w/metre length +//In this case, we know that maximum moment occurs at mid span and is equal to Mmax = (wL^2)/8 + +w=(Mmax*8)/((L**2)*1000000) + +printf("\n (i) w= %0.2f KN/m",w) + +// Concentrated load at distance 1 m from the support be P kN. + +a=(1) //distance of point at which load is applied from left,m +b=(2) //distance of point at which load is applied from right,m + +P=(L*Mmax)/(a*b*1000000) + +printf("\n (ii) P= %0.2f KN",P) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b286129c --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +//A cantilever of 3 m span, carrying uniformly distributed load of 3 kN/m is to be designed using cast iron rectangular section. Permissible stresses in cast iron are f = 30 N/mm^2 in tension and fc = 90 N/mm^2 in compression + +L=(3) //Span of cantilever,m +w=(3) //uniformly distributed load,KN/m + +M=w*1000000*(L**2)/2 //Maximum moment**N-mm +//let b be the width and d the depth +//Z=b*(d**2)/6 + +//Since it is rectangular section, N-A lies at mid-depth, and stresses at top and bottom are same. Hence, permissible tensile stress value is reached earlier and it governs the design. +fper=30 //N/mm^2 +b=100 //mm +f=30 + +//f*Z=M + +d=sqrt((M*6)/(b*f)) + +printf("\n d= %0.1f mm",d) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b994d624 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +// Let the diameter of the bar be ‘d’. Now, W = 800 N L = 1 m = 1000 mm +L=1000 +W=800 +M=W*L/4 //Maximum moment,N-mm +f=150 //permissible stress,N/mm^2 + +d=((((M*32)/(%pi*f)))**(0.33)) + +printf("\n d= %0.2f mm",d) +printf("\n select 25mm bar ") diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..587addef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +//A circular steel pipe of external diameter 60 mm and thickness 8 mm is used as a simply supported beam over an effective span of 2 m. If permissible stress in steel is 150 N/mm^2, + +D=(60) //external diameter,mm +d=(44) //Thickness,mm + +I=(%pi*((D**4)-(d**4)))/64 //Area moment of inertia**mm^4 +Ymax=(30) //extreme fibre distance,mm + +Z=I/Ymax +fper=(150) + +Mmax=fper*Z + +//Let maximum load it can carry be P kN. +L=(2) +P=(4*Mmax)/(L*1000000) + +printf("\n P= %0.2f KN",P) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1812eaac --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +//the cross-section of a cantilever beam of 2.5 m span. Material used is steel for which maximum permissible stress is 150 N/mm^2 + +//variable declaration + +A=(180) //width of I-beam,mm +H=(400) //height of I-beam,mm +a=(170) //width of inter rectancle if I-beam consider as Rectangle with width 10,mm +h=(380) //Height of inter rectancle if I-beam consider as Rectangle with width 10,mm + +I=((A*(H**3))/12)-((a*(h**3))/12) +ymax=(200) //extreme fibre,mm + +Z=I/ymax +fper=(150) + +Mmax=fper*Z + +//If udl is w kN/m, maximum moment in cantilever + +L=2 //m + +w=Mmax/(L*1000000) +printf("\n w= %0.2f KN/m",w) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d71fd3afc --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +clear +//Compare the moment carrying capacity of the section given in example 10.3 with equivalent section of the same area but (i) square section (ii) rectangular section with depth twice the width and (iii) a circular section. + +// +//variable declaration + +A=180.0*10.0+380.0*10.0+180.0*10.0 + +//If ‘a’ is the size of the equivalent square section, + +a=(sqrt(A)) //mm + +I=(a*(a**3))/12 //Moment of inertia of this section** mm^4 + +ymax=a/2 + +Z=I/ymax + +f=150.0 + +Mcc=f*Z //Moment carrying capacity + +MccI=136985000.0 + +Ratio=MccI/Mcc +printf("\n (i) Moment carryingcapacity of Isection/ Moment carryingcapacityof equivalent squaresection= %0.3f ",Ratio) + + +//Equivalent rectangular section of depth twice the width. Let b be the width,Depth d = 2b. Equating its area to area of I-section,we get +b=sqrt(7400/2) + +ymax=b + +I=b*(((2*b)**3))/12 + +M=f*I/ymax + + +MccI=136985000 + +Ratio=MccI/M +printf("\n (ii) Moment carryingcapacity of I-section/ Moment carryingcapacityof equivalent squaresection= %0.3f ",Ratio) + +//Equivalent circular section. Let diameter be d. + +d=sqrt(7400*4/%pi) + +I=(%pi*(d**4))/64 +ymax=d/2 +Z=I/ymax +fper=(150) +M=fper*Z + +MccI=136985000 + +Ratio=MccI/M +printf("\n (i) Moment carryingcapacity of Isection/ Moment carryingcapacityof equivalent squaresection= %0.3f ",Ratio) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..288ee40dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +//A symmetric I-section of size 180 mm × 40 mm, 8 mm thick is strengthened with 240 mm × 10 mm rectangular plate on top flange. If permissible stress in the material is 150 N/mm^2, determine how much concentrated load the beam of this section can carry at centre of 4 m span. + +b1=(240) +b=(180) +t=(10) +h=(400) +w=(8) + +A=(240*10+180*8+384*8+180*8) //Area of section,A + +Y=(240*10*405+180*8*(400-4)+384*8*200+180*8*4)/A + +I=(b1*(t**3)/12)+(b1*t*((((h+5)-Y)**2)))+(b*(w**3)/12)+(b*w*((((h-4)-Y)**2)))+(w*((h-16)**3)/12)+((h-16)*w*((((h/2)-Y)**2)))+(b*(w**3)/12)+(b*w*(((4-Y)**2))) + +ytop=(h+t/2)-Y +ybottom=Y +ymax=Y + +Z=I/ymax +fper=150 +M=fper*Z/1000000 //Momnent carrying capacity of the section + +//Let P kN be the central concentrated load the simply supported beam can carry. Then max bending movement in the beam + +P=M*4/(w/2) + +printf("\n P= %0.3f KN",P) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77cc47027 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +clear +//The cross-section of a cast iron beam. The top flange is in compression and bottom flange is in tension. Permissible stress in tension is 30 N/mm^2 and its value in compression is 90 N/mm^2 +//variable declaration +// +b1=(75) +h1=50 +h2=50 +b2=(150) +t=(25) +h=(200) + + +A=(75*50+25*100+150*50) //Area of section,A + +Y=(75*50*175+25*100*100+150*50*25)/A + +I=(b1*(h1**3)/12)+(b1*h1*((((h-(h1/2))-Y)**2)))+(t*((h-h1-h2)**3)/12)+(t*(h-h1-h2)*((((h/2)-Y)**2)))+(b2*(h2**3)/12)+(b2*h2*((((h2/2)-Y)**2))) + + + +ytop=(h-Y) +ybottom=Y + + +Z1=I/ytop +fperc=90 +//Top fibres are in compression. Hence from consideration of compression strength, moment carrying capacity of the beam is given by + +M1=fperc*Z1/1000000 //Momnent carrying capacity of the section,KN-m. + +//Bottom fibres are in tension. Hence from consideration of tension, moment carrying capacity of the section is given by + +Z2=I/ybottom + +fpert=30 + +M2=fpert*Z2/1000000 //Momnent carrying capacity of the section,KN-m. + + +//Actual moment carrying capacity is the lower value of the above two values. Hence moment carrying capacity of the section is +Mmax=min(M1,M2) + +L=(5) +w=sqrt(Mmax*8/(L**2)) + +printf("\n w= %0.3f KN/m",w) +printf("\n calculation mistake in book") diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..169f0f1f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +//The diameter of a concrete flag post varies from 240 mm at base to 120 mm at top. The height of the post is 10 m. If the post is subjected to a horizontal force of 600 N at top +//Consider a section y metres from top. Diameter at this section is d. +//d=120+12*y +//I=%pi*(d**4)/64 +//Z=I*2/d=%pi*(d**3)/32 +//variable declaration +//M=600*1000*y //moment,N-mm +//f*Z=M,f is extreme fibre stress. +// +y=(5) +printf("\n y= %0.2f m",y) + +//Stress at this section f is given by +P=600 +M=P*y*1000 +d=120+12*y +I=%pi*(d**4)/64 +Z=I*2/d + +f=M/Z + +printf("\n f= %0.3f N/mm^2",f) diff --git a/3862/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3862/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b78881941 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +//Design a timber beam is to carry a load of 5 kN/m over a simply supported span of 6 m. Permissible stress in timber is 10 N/mm2. Keep depth twice the width. + +//variable declaration +w=(5) //KN/m +L=(6) //m + +M=w*1000000*(L**2)/8 //Maximum bending moment**N-mm + +//Let b be the width and d the depth. Then in this problem d = 2b. +//Z=b*(d**2)/6=2*(b**3)/3 +f=10 //N/mm^2 +//f*Z=M +b=(((M*3)/(2*f))**(0.3333)) +printf("\n b= %0.0f mm",b) + +d=2*b +printf("\n d= %0.0f mm",d) diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7b003d81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +clear +// + +P1=(20) //vertical loading from A at distance of 1m,KN. +P2=(20) //vertical loading from A at distance of 2m,KN. +P3=(20) //vertical loading from A at distance of 3m,KN. +Ra=(P1+P2+P3)/2 //Due to symmetry + +Rb=Ra +//At section 1.5 m from A +F=(Ra-P1)*1000 +M=((Ra*1.5-P1*0.5)*1000000) +b=(100) +h=(180) + +I=((b*(h**3))/12) + +// Bending stress +//f=M*y/I +y11=0 +f1=(-1)*M*y11/I +y22=45 +f2=(-1)*M*y22/I +y33=90 +f3=(-1)*M*y33/I +//Shearing stress at a fibre ‘y’ above N–A is +//q=(F/(b*I))*(A*y1) +//at y=0, +y1=45 +A1=b*90 +q1=(F/(b*I))*(A1*y1) +//at y=45 +y2=(90-45/2) +A2=b*45 +q2=(F/(b*I))*(A2*y2) +//at y=90 +q3=0 + +//(a) At neutral axis (y = 0) : The element is under pure shear + +py=0 + +p1=(f1+py)/2+sqrt((((f1-py)/2)**2)+(q1**2)) + +p2=(f1+py)/2-sqrt((((f1-py)/2)**2)+(q1**2)) +printf("\n (i) p1= %0.4f N/mm^2",p1) +printf("\n p2= %0.4f N/mm^2",p2) + +theta1=45 +theta2=theta1+90 +printf("\n theta= %0.0f ° and %0.0f °",theta1,theta2) + +//(b) At (y = 45) +py=0 + +p1=(f2+py)/2+sqrt((((f2-py)/2)**2)+(q2**2)) + +p2=(f2+py)/2-sqrt((((f2-py)/2)**2)+(q2**2)) +printf("\n (ii) p1= %0.4f N/mm^2",p1) +printf("\n p2= %0.4f N/mm^2",p2) + +thetab1=(atan((2*q2)/(f2-py))*180)/(%pi*2) +thetab2=thetab1+90 +printf("\n theta= %0.0f ° and %0.0f °",thetab1,thetab2) +//mistake in book +printf("\n mistake in book") + +//(c) At Y=90 + +py=0 + +p1=(f3+py)/2+sqrt((((f3-py)/2)**2)+(q3**2)) + +p2=(f3+py)/2-sqrt((((f3-py)/2)**2)+(q3**2)) +printf("\n (iii) p1= %e N/mm^2",p1) +printf("\n p2= %0.4f N/mm^2",p2) + +thetac1=(atan((2*q3)/(f3-py))*180)/(%pi*2) +thetac2=thetac1+90 +printf("\n theta= %0.0f ° and %0.0f °",thetac1,thetac2) diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7780da3c --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +L=(6) //m +w=(60) //uniformly distributed load,KN/m +Rs=L*w/2 //Reaction at support,KN + +//Moment at 1.5 m from support +M =( Rs*1.5-(w*(1.5**2)/2)) +//Shear force at 1.5 m from support +F=Rs-1.5*w + +B=(200) //width of I-beam,mm +H=(400) //height or I-beam,mm +b=(190) +h=(380) +I= (B*(H**3)/12)-(b*(h**3)/12) + +//Bending stress at 100 mm above N–A +y=100 + +f=M*1000000*y/I + +//Thus the state of stress on an element at y = 100 mm, as px = f,py=0 +px=-f +py=0 +A=200*10*195+10*90*145 +q=(F*1000*(A))/(10*I) //shearing stress,N/mm^2 + +p1=(px+py)/2+sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) +p2=(px+py)/2-sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) +printf("\n p1= %0.2f N/mm^2",p1) +printf("\n p2= %0.2f N/mm^2",p2) + + +qmax=sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +printf("\n qmax= %0.2f N/mm^2",qmax) diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93cae8d59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +clear +// + +//A material has strength in tension, compression and shear as 30N/mm2, 90 N/mm2 and 25 N/mm2, respectively. If a specimen of diameter 25 mm is tested in tension and compression identity the failure surfaces and loads. + +//variable declaration + +//In tension: Let axial direction be x direction. Since it is uniaxial loading, py = 0, q = 0 and only px exists.when the material is subjected to full tensile stress, px = 30 N/mm^2. + +pt=(30) +pc=(90) +ps=(25) + +d=(25) +px=(30) //N/mm^2 +py=0 +q=0 +p1=(px+py)/2+sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +p2=(px+py)/2-sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +qmax=(px-py)/2 + +//Hence failure criteria is normal stress p1 + +A=%pi*(d**2)/4 + +//Corresponding load P is obtained by +p=p1 +P=p1*A + +printf("\n (a) P= %0.2f N",P) + +//In case of compression test, + +px=-pc + +P=-px*A + +printf("\n (b) P= %0.2f N compressive",(-P)) + +//at this stage + +qmax=sqrt((((px-py)/2**2))+(q**2)) + +printf("\n Material fails because of maximum shear and not by axial compression.") +qmax=25 +px=2*qmax + +P=px*A +printf("\n P= %0.0f N",P) +printf("\n The plane of qmax is at 45° to the plane of px. ") diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ebd4586b --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +//The direct stresses at a point in the strained material are 120 N/mm2 compressive and 80 N/mm2 tensile. There is no shear stress. + +// +//variable declaration + +//The plane AC makes 30° (anticlockwise) to the plane of px (y-axis). Hence theta= 30°. px = 80 N/mm^2 py = – 120 N/mm^2 ,q = 0 + +px=(80) +py=(-120) +q=(0) +theta=30 +pn=((px+py)/2)+((px-py)/2)*cos(2*theta*%pi/180)+q*sin(2*theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n pn= %0.0f N/mm^2",pn) + +pt=((px-py)/2)*sin(2*theta*%pi/180)-q*cos(2*theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n pt= %0.1f N/mm^2",pt) +p=sqrt((pn**2)+(pt**2)) + +printf("\n p= %0.2f N/mm^2",p) + +alpha=atan(pn/pt)*180/%pi + +printf("\n alpha= %0.1f °",alpha) diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fdc03672c --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +//variable declaration +//Let the principal plane make anticlockwise angle theta with the plane of px with y-axis. Then + +px=(200) //N/mm^2 +py=(150) //N/mm^2 +q=(100) //N/mm^2 + +theta1=(atan((2*q)/(px-py))*180)/(%pi*2) +theta2=90+theta1 +printf("\n theta= %0.2f ° and %0.2f °",theta1,theta2) + +p1=(px+py)/2+sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +printf("\n p1= %0.2f N/mm^2",p1) + +p2=(px+py)/2-sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +printf("\n p2= %0.2f N/mm^2",p2) + +qmax=sqrt((((px-py)/2**2))+(q**2)) + +printf("\n qmax= %0.2f N/mm^2",qmax) diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04a7891f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// +//variable declaration +//Let the principal plane make anticlockwise angle theta with the plane of px with y-axis. Then + +px=(-100) //N/mm^2 +py=(-75) //N/mm^2 +q=(-50) //N/mm^2 + + +p1=(px+py)/2+sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +printf("\n p1= %0.2f N/mm^2",p1) + +p2=(px+py)/2-sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +printf("\n p2= %0.2f N/mm^2",p2) + +qmax=sqrt((((px-py)/2**2))+(q**2)) + +printf("\n qmax= %0.2f N/mm^2",qmax) + +//let theta be the inclination of principal stress to the plane of px. + + +theta1=(atan((2*q)/(px-py))*180)/(%pi*2) +theta2=90+theta1 +printf("\n theta= %0.2f ° and %0.2f °",theta1,theta2) diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7faeff669 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +clear +// +//variable declaration +//Let the principal plane make anticlockwise angle theta with the plane of px with y-axis. Then + +px=(-50) //N/mm^2 +py=(100) //N/mm^2 +q=(75) //N/mm^2 + + +p1=(px+py)/2+sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +printf("\n (i) p1= %0.2f N/mm^2",p1) + +p2=(px+py)/2-sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) + +printf("\n p2= %0.2f N/mm^2",p2) + +qmax=sqrt((((px-py)/2**2))+(q**2)) + +printf("\n (ii) qmax= %0.2f N/mm^2",qmax) + +//let theta be the inclination of principal stress to the plane of px. + + +theta1=(atan((2*q)/(px-py))*180)/(%pi*2) + +printf("\n theta= %0.2f ° clockwise",theta1) + +//Plane of maximum shear makes 45° to it + +theta2=theta1+45 +printf("\n theta2= %0.2f °",theta2) + +//Normal stress on this plane is given by + +pn=((px+py)/2)+((px-py)/2)*cos(2*theta2*%pi/180)+q*sin(2*theta2*%pi/180) + +pt=qmax + +//Resultant stress +p=sqrt((pn**2)+(pt**2)) + +printf("\n p= %0.2f N/mm^2",p) + +//Let ‘p’ make angle phi to tangential stress (maximum shear stress plane). + +phi=atan(pn/pt)*180/%pi + +printf("\n phi= %0.1f °",phi) + +//there is mistake in book +printf("\n mitake in book answer is wrong") diff --git a/3862/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce b/3862/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e783ab20c --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +w=(100) //wide of rectangular beam,mm +h=(200) //height or rectangular beam dude,mm + +I=w*(h**3)/12 + +//At point A, which is at 30 mm below top fibre +y=100-30 +M=(80*1000000) //sagging moment,KN-m + +fx=M*y/I + +px=-fx +F=(100*1000 ) //shear force,N +b=(100) +A=b*30 +y1=100-15 + +q=(F*(A*y1))/(b*I) //shearing stress,N/mm^2 + +py=0 +p1=(px+py)/2+sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) +p2=(px+py)/2-sqrt((((px-py)/2)**2)+(q**2)) +printf("\n p1= %0.2f N/mm^2",p1) +printf("\n p2= %0.2f N/mm^2",p2) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75bb34d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PA=800.0 //Vertical down loading at A,N +PC=400.0 //vertical up loading at B,N +HD=600.0 //Horizontal left loading at A,N +HB=200.0 //Horizontal right loading at B,N +a=1.0 //length of side,m + +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Fx=HB-HD +Fy=PC-PA + + +R=sqrt((Fx**2)+(Fy**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f N",R) + +theta=atan(Fy/Fx)*180/%pi +printf("\n theta= %0.0f °",theta) + +//moment at A + +MA=PC*a+HD*a + +//Let x be the distance from A along x axis, where resultant cuts AB. + +x=MA/Fy + +printf("\n x= %0.1f m",(-x)) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8fca588f --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PB=2.0 //loading at B,KN +PC=sqrt(3.0) //loading at C,KN +PD=5.0 //loading at D,KN +PE=PC //loading at E,KN +PF=PB //loading at F,KN + +//Let O be the centre of the encircling circle A, B, C, D, E and F. In regular hexagon each side is equal to the radius AO. Hence OAB is equilateral triangle. + +angleoab=60.0*%pi/180 +anglecab=angleoab/2.0 +theta1=anglecab +theta2=(angleoab-theta1) +theta3=theta1 +theta4=theta1 + +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Fx=PB*cos(theta1+theta2)+PC*cos(theta2)+PD+PE*cos(theta3)+PF*cos(theta3+theta4) + +Fy=-PB*sin(theta1+theta2)-PC*sin(theta2)+0+PE*sin(theta3)+PF*sin(theta3+theta4) + +R=sqrt((Fx**2)+(Fy**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f KN",R) + +theta=atan(Fy/Fx)*180/%pi diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b590fb8c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P1=2.0 //loading at 1,KN +P2=1.5 //loading at 2,KN +P3=5.0 //loading at 3,KN +a=10.0 //side length,mm + +// If theta1, theta2 and theta3 are the slopes of the forces 2 kN, 5 kN and 1.5 kN forces with respect to x axis, then + + +theta1=atan(a/a) +theta2=atan((3*a)/(4*a)) +theta3=atan((a)/(2*a)) + + +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Fx=P1*cos(theta1)+P3*cos(theta2)-P2*cos(theta3) + +Fy=P1*sin(theta1)-P3*sin(theta2)-P2*sin(theta3) + +R=sqrt((Fx**2)+(Fy**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f N",R) + +alpha=atan(Fy/Fx)*180/%pi +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",(-alpha)) + +//Distance d of the resultant from O is given by +//Rd=sum of moment at A + +d=((a*3)*P1*cos(theta1)+(5*a)*P3*sin(theta2)+P2*(a)*sin(theta3))/(4.66) +printf("\n d= %0.2f mm",d) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1768197a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PB=20.0 //loading at B,KN +PC=30.0 //loading at C,KN +PD=40.0 //loading at D,KN +PA=60.0 //loading at E,KN +AB=1.0 +BC=2.0 +CD=1.0 +//length are in m + +// Let x and y axes be selected +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Rx=0 +Ry=PA+PB+PC+PD + +R=sqrt((Rx**2)+(Ry**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f KN",R) + + +//Taking clockwise moment as positive, +//sum of moment at A + +MA=(0)*PA+(AB)*PB+PC*(AB+BC)+PD*(AB+BC+CD) +printf("\n MA= %0.2f KN-m",MA) + +// The distance of resultant from A is, + +x=MA/R +printf("\n x= %0.1f m",x) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acbfb4b48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PB=30.0 //up loading at B,KN +PC=40.0 //down loading at C,KN +PD=50.0 //up loading at D,KN +PA=80.0 //down loading at A,KN +PE=60.0 //down loading at E,KN +AB=2.0 +BC=2.0 +CD=4.0 +DE=2.0 +//length are in m + +// Let x and y axes be selected +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Rx=0 +Ry=PA-PB+PC-PD+PE + +R=sqrt((Rx**2)+(Ry**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f KN in y-direction",R) + + +//Taking clockwise moment as positive, +//sum of moment at A + +MA=(0)*PA-(AB)*PB+PC*(AB+BC)-PD*(AB+BC+CD)+PE*(AB+BC+CD+DE) + +printf("\n MA= %0.2f KN-m",MA) + +// The distance of resultant from A is, + +x=MA/R +printf("\n x= %0.0f m",x) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..638f5be2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +P1=500.0 //Loading at inclined to 60.0°,N +P2=1000.0 //vertical loading at 150 distance from O,N +P3=1200.0 //vertical loading at 150 distance from O,N +H=700.0 //Horizontal loading at 300 ditance from O,N +a=150.0 +theta=60.0*%pi/180 +//assume Resulat R at distance x from O, +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Rx=P1*cos(theta)-H +Ry=-P3-P2-P1*sin(theta) + +R=sqrt((Rx**2)+(Ry**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f KN in y-direction",R) + +alpha=atan(Ry/Rx)*180/%pi +printf("\n alpha %0.2f °",alpha) + +//Let the point of application of the resultant be at a distance x from the point O along the horizontal arm. Then, + +x=(P1*sin(theta)*(2*a)+P2*a-P3*a*cos(theta)+H*a*2*sin(theta))/(-Ry) +printf("\n x= %0.3f mm",x) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..390cdc522 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +P1=1120.0 //vertical down Loading at 2m distance from O,KN +P2=120.0 //vertical up loading at 4m distance from O,KN +P3=420.0 //vertical downloading at 5m distance from O,KN +H=500.0 //Horizontal loading at 4m ditance from O,KN +ah=4.0 +a1=2.0 +a2=4.0 +a3=5.0 +a=7.0 +//assume Resulat R at distance x from O, +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Rx=H +Ry=P1-P2+P3 + +printf("\n Ry= %0.2f KN downward",Ry) + +//Let x be the distance from O where the resultant cuts the base. +//moment at O +x=(H*ah+P1*a1-P2*a2+P3*a3)/(Ry) + +printf("\n x= %0.3f m",x) + +printf("\n The resultant passes through the middle third of the base i.e., between 7/3m, and 2*7/3 m.Hence, the dam is safe.") + diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72db5cc58 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +P1=5.0 //Inclined at 45° down Loading at 3m distance from A,KN +P2=10.0 //Inclined at 45° down Loading at 2m distance from A,KN +P3=10.0 //Inclined at 45° down Loading at 1m distance from A,KN +P4=5.0 //Inclined at 45° down Loading A,KN +P8=5.0 //Inclined at 45° UP Loading at 3m distance from A,KN +P7=10.0 //Inclined at 45° UP Loading at 2m distance from A,KN +P6=10.0 //Inclined at 45° UP Loading at 1m distance from A,KN +P5=5.0 //Inclined at 45° UP Loading A,KN +a=1.0 + +theta=45.0*%pi/180.0 +//The roof is inclined at 45° to horizontal and loads are at 90° to the roof. Hence, the loads are also inclined at 45° to vertical/horizontal. + +//assume Resulat R at distance d from A, +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Rx=(P1+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6+P7+P8)*cos(theta) +Ry=-(P1+P2+P3+P4)*sin(theta)+(P5+P6+P7+P8)*sin(theta) + +printf("\n R= %0.3f KN",Rx) +//and its direction is horizontal +//Let R be at a distance d from the ridge A +//moment at A +d=((P1*3*cos(theta)*a+P2*cos(theta)*2*a+P3*cos(theta)*a)*2)/(Rx) + +printf("\n d= %0.1f m \n Resultant is a horizontal force of magnitude %0.3f at %0.1f m below A.",d,Rx,d) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f2b7260d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +//The two 40 kN forces acting on the smooth pulley may be replaced by a pair of 40 kN forces acting at centre of pulley C and parallel to the given forces, since the sum of moments of the two given forces about C is zero + +PA=20.0 //inclined at 45° loading at A,KN +PB=30.0 //inclined at 60° loading at B,KN + +PC1=40.0 //inclined at 30° loading at C,KN +PC2=40.0 //inclined at 20° loading at C,KN +PD=50.0 //inclined at 30.0 at distance 2m form A,KN +PE=20.0 //inclined at alpha at distance xm form A,KN +P=20.0 //vertical loading at distance 4m,KN + + + +thetaA=45.0*%pi/180.0 +thetaB=60.0*%pi/180.0 +thetaC1=30.0*%pi/180.0 +thetaC2=20.0*%pi/180.0 +thetaD=30.0*%pi/180.0 +AD=2.0 +AC=3.0 +AB=6.0 + +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +Fx=PA*cos(thetaA)-PB*cos(thetaB)-PD*cos(thetaD)-PC1*sin(thetaC1)+PC2*cos(thetaC2) + +Fy=-PA*sin(thetaA)-P+P-PB*sin(thetaB)-PD*sin(thetaD)-PC2*sin(thetaC2)-PC1*cos(thetaC1) + + +R=sqrt((Fx**2)+(Fy**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f KN",R) + +alpha=atan(Fy/Fx)*180/%pi +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",alpha) + +//Let the resultant intersect AB at a distance x from A. Then, + + +X=(-P*4+P*4+PB*sin(thetaB)*AB+PD*sin(thetaD)*AD-PD*cos(thetaD)*AD+PC2*AC*cos(thetaC2)-PC1*AC*sin(thetaC1))/R + +printf("\n x= %0.2f m",X) + +printf("\n The equilibriant is equal and opposite to the resultant in which E = 116.515 kN, alpha= 76.82° and x= %0.2f m",X) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..919d71221 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// + +//Free body diagram of the sphere shows all the forces moving away from the centre of the ball. Applying Lami’s theorem to the system of forces. + +//variable declaration +W=100.0 //weight of sphere,N +theta=15.0*%pi/180 //angle of inclination of string with wall + +T=(W*sin((%pi/2)))/sin((%pi/2)+theta) +R=(W*sin((%pi-theta)))/sin((%pi/2)+theta) +printf("\n T= %0.2f N",T) +printf("\n R= %0.2f N",R) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..521430bff --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +//F force +//hd horizontal distance +//vd vertical distance +//O angle +//M moment of force +//Taking clockwise moment as positive +//calculations +F=5000.0 +o=37 +M=8000.0 +hd=M/(F*cos(o*3.14/180)) +printf("\n %s %.2f %s" ,"\n \n Distance = %0.3f ",hd,"m") diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6a5d8eb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// + +//The body is in equilibrium under the action of applied force P, self-weight 1500 N and normal reaction R from the plane. Since R, which is normal to the plane, makes 30° with the vertical (or 60° with the horizontal), + +//variable declaration +W=1500.0 //weight of block,N +theta=30.0*%pi/180 //angle of inclination + +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +R=W/cos(theta) +printf("\n R= %0.2f N",R) + +P=R*sin(theta) +printf("\n P= %0.2f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e220de538 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// + +//A bar can develop a tensile force or a compressive force. Let the force developed be a compressive force S (push on the cylinder). + +//variable declaration +W=10.0 //weight of Roller,KN +IL=7.0 //inclined loading at angle of 45°,KN +H=5.0 //Horizontal loading ,KN + +theta=45.0*%pi/180 //angle of loading of IL +thetaS=30.0*%pi/180.0 + +//Since there are more than three forces in the system, Lami’s equations cannot be applied. Consider the components in horizontal and vertical directions. +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +S=(-H+IL*cos(theta))/cos(thetaS) +printf("\n S= %0.3f N",S) + +printf("\n Since the value of S is negative the force exerted by the bar is not a push, but it is pull (tensile force in bar) of magnitude %0.3f kN.",-S) + +R=W+IL*sin(theta)-S*sin(thetaS) +printf("\n R= %0.3f kN",R) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..722f6b559 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// + +//The pulley C is in equilibrium under the action of tensile forces in CA and CB and vertical downward load 200 N. The tensile forces in segment CA and CB are the same since the pulley is frictionless. Now consider the equilibrium of pulley C +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +//variable declaration +L=200.0 //suspended load at C,N +AB=3.0 +BI=1.0 +ACB=5.0 //Length of cord,m +DE=3.0 +BE=4.0 +theta=asin(4.0/5.0) +//assume T is tension in string making angle theta1 & theta2,solving horizontal we find theta1=theta2,lets called them theta ,as triangleCFD=triangle=CFA.so, CD=AC + +HI=BI*DE/BE +AH=DE-HI +x=AH/2 +printf("\n x= %0.3f m",x) + +T=L/(2*sin(theta)) +printf("\n T= %0.0f N",T) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2615e9871 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +// + +//When the roller is about to turn over the curb, the contact with the floor is lost and hence there is no reaction from the floor. The reaction R from the curb must pass through the intersection of P and the line of action of self weight, since the body is in equilibrium under the action of only three forces (all the three forces must be concurrent). + +//variable declaration +W=2000.0 //weight of roller,N +r=300.0 //radius of roller,mm +h=150.0 // height of curb,mm +OC=r-h +AO=r + +alpha=acos(OC/AO) + +//angleOAB=angleOBA,Since OA=OB, +angleOBA=(alpha)/2 + +//the reaction makes 30° with the vertical +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +R=W/cos(angleOBA) +P=R*sin(angleOBA) + +printf("\n P= %0.2f N",P) + +//Least force through the centre of wheel: Now the reaction from the curb must pass through the centre of the wheel since the other two forces pass through that point. Its inclination to vertical is theta = 60°. If the triangle of forces ABC representing selfweight by AB, reaction R by BC and pull P by AC, it may be observed that AC to be least, it should be perpendicular to BC. In other words, P makes 90° with the line of action of R. +//From triangle of forces ABC, we get +P=W*sin(alpha) +printf("\n P= %0.2f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d8eca541 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +PB=200.0 //Vertical loading at B,N +PD=250.0 //Vertical loading at D,N +thetabc=30.0*%pi/180.0 +thetabd=60.0*%pi/180.0 +thetaed=45.0*%pi/180.0 +//Free body diagrams of points B and D . Let the forces in the members be as shown in the figure. Applying Lami’s theorem to the system of forces at point D, + +T1=PD*sin(%pi-thetabd)/sin(thetaed+(%pi/2)-thetabd) +T2=PD*sin(%pi-thetaed)/sin(thetaed+(%pi/2)-thetabd) + +printf("\n T1= %0.2f N",T1) +printf("\n T2= %0.2f N",T2) + +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +T3=(PB+T2*cos(thetabd))/cos(thetabc) +printf("\n T3= %0.2f N",T3) + +T4=(T2*sin(thetabd))+T3*sin(thetabc) +printf("\n T4= %0.2f N",T4) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48941d59c --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PC=1500.0 //Vertical loading at C,N +CD=2.0 +AC=1.5 +BD=1.0 +AB=4.0 + +x=(((AC**2)-(BD**2))/4)+1 +y=sqrt((AC**2)-(x**2)) + +alpha=acos(x/AC) +beta1=acos((CD-x)/BD) + +//Applying Lami’s theorem to the system of forces acting at point C + +T1=PC*sin(%pi/2)/sin(%pi-alpha) +T2=PC*sin((%pi/2)+alpha)/sin(%pi-alpha) +T3=T2*sin(%pi/2)/sin((%pi/2)+beta1) +W=T2*sin(%pi-beta1)/sin((%pi/2)+beta1) + + +printf("\n W= %0.2f N",W) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b43586981 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PB=20.0 //vertical loadng at point B,KN +PC=30.0 //vertical loadng at point C,KN + +thetaab=30.0 *%pi/180.0 +thetabc=50.0*%pi/180.0 + +//applying lami's thereom + +T1=PB*sin(thetabc)/sin(%pi-thetabc+thetaab) +T2=PB*sin(%pi-thetaab)/sin(%pi-thetabc+thetaab) +theta=atan((T2*sin(thetabc))/(PC-T2*cos(thetabc)))*180/%pi + + +printf("\n T1= %0.2f KN",T1) + +printf("\n T2= %0.2f KN",T2) + +//Writing equations of equilibrium for the system of forces at C + +printf("\n theta= %0.2f °",theta) + +T3=(PC-T2*cos(thetabc))/cos(theta*%pi/180) +printf("\n T3= %0.2f KN",T3) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..727450cfb --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PB=20.0 //vertical loadng at point B,KN + +PC=25.0 //vertical loadng at point C,KN + +thetaab=30.0*%pi/180.0 +thetadc=60.0*%pi/180.0 + +//Writing equations of equilibrium for the system of forces at joints B and C +//T1*sin(thetaab)=T3*sin(thetadc) + +T3=(PB+PC)/((sin(thetadc)*cos(thetaab)/sin(thetaab))+cos(thetadc)) +printf("\n T3= %0.2f KN",T3) + +T1=T3*sin(thetadc)/sin(thetaab) +printf("\n T1= %0.2f KN",T1) + +theta=(atan((T3*sin(thetadc))/(PC-T3*cos(thetadc))))*180/%pi +printf("\n theta= %0.2f °",theta) + +T2=T3*sin(thetadc)/(sin(theta*%pi/180)) +printf("\n T2= %0.2f KN",T2) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dda74db1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +W=600.0 //weight of cyclinder,N +r=150.0 //radius of cylinder,mm +a=600.0 //mm +b=300.0 //mm + +//Free body diagram of sphere and frame + +////sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +RB=600.0 +//As the frame is in equilibrium under the action of three forces only, they must be concurrent forces. In other words, reaction at D has line of action alone OD. Hence, its inclination to horizontal is given by: +printf("\n RB= %0.2f N",RB) +alpha=atan((a-r)/r) +printf("\n alpha= %0.4f °",alpha) + +RD=W/sin(alpha) +printf("\n RD= %0.3f N",RD) + +RC=RD*cos(alpha) +RA=RC +printf("\n RC= %0.0f N",RC) +printf("\n RA= %0.0f N",RA) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21a9df515 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +// + + +// Let O1 and O2 be the centres of the first and second spheres. Drop perpendicular O1P to the horizontal line through O2. show free body diagram of the sphere 1 and 2, respectively. Since the surface of contact are smooth, reaction of B is in the radial direction, i.e., in the direction O1O2. Let it make angle a with the horizontal. Then, + +//Variable declaration + +W=100.0 //weight of spheres,N + +r=100.0 //radius of spheres,mm + +d=360.0 // horizontal channel having vertical walls, the distance b/w,mm + +O1A=100.0 +O2D=100.0 +O1B=100.0 +BO2=100.0 + +O2P=360.0-O1A-O2D +O1O2=O1B+BO2 + +alpha=acos(O2P/O1O2) + +//////sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up +RB=W/sin(alpha) +RA=RB*cos(alpha) +printf("\n RB= %0.2f N",RB) +printf("\n RA= %0.2f N",RA) + +RC=100+RB*sin(alpha) + +RD=RB*cos(alpha) + +printf("\n RC= %0.0f N",RC) + +printf("\n RD= %0.2f N",RD) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9711396bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// + +// Two cylinders, A of weight 4000 N and B of weight 2000 N rest on smooth inclines. They are connected by a bar of negligible weight hinged to each cylinder at its geometric centre by smooth pins + +//variable declaration + +WA=4000.0 //weight of cylinder A,N +WB=2000.0 //weight of cylinder B,N + +thetaWA=60.0*%pi/180.0 //inclination of wall with cylinderA,° +thetaWB=45.0*%pi/180.0 //inclination of wall with cylinderB,° +thetaAb=15.0*%pi/180.0 //angle inclination bar with cylinder A ,N +thetaBb=15.0*%pi/180.0 //angle inclination bar with cylinder B ,N + +//he free body diagram of the two cylinders. Applying Lami’s theorem to the system of forces on cylinder A, we get + +C=WA*sin(thetaWA)/sin(thetaWA+(%pi/2)-thetaAb) + +//Consider cylinder B. Summation of the forces parallel to the inclined plane +P=(-WB*cos(thetaWB)+C*cos(thetaWA))/cos(thetaBb) +printf("\n P= %0.1f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8abd82138 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +//A cable car used for carrying materials in a hydroelectric project is at rest on a track formed at an angle of 30° with the vertical. The gross weight of the car and its load is 60 kN and its centroid is at a point 800 mm from the track half way between the axles. The car is held by a cable . The axles of the car are at a distance 1.2 m. Find the tension in the cables and reaction at each of the axles neglecting friction of the track. + +W=60.0 //gross weight of car,KN +theta=60.0*%pi/180.0 + + +T=W*sin(theta) +printf("\n T= %0.4f KN",T) + +//Taking moment equilibrium condition about upper axle point on track, we get + +R1=(-T*600.0+W*sin(theta)*800.0+W*cos(theta)*600.0)/1200.0 +printf("\n R1= %0.4f KN",R1) + +//Sum of forces normal to the plane = 0, gives +R2=W*cos(theta)-R1 +printf("\n R2= %0.4f KN",R2) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2a9df1a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +clear +// + +// A hollow right circular cylinder of radius 800 mm is open at both ends and rests on a smooth horizontal plane. Inside the cylinder there are two spheres having weights 1 kN and 3 kN and radii 400 mm and 600 mm, respectively. The lower sphere also rests on the horizontal plane. +// Join the centres of spheres, O1 and O2 and drop O1D perpendicular to horizontal through O2. + +//variable declaration +R=800.0 +W1=1.0 +r1=400.0 +W2=3.0 +r2=600.0 +O1O2=1000 //mm +O2D=600 //mm + +//If alpha is the inclination of O2O1 to horizontal +alpha=acos(O2D/O1O2) + +//Free body diagrams of cylinder and spheres are shown. Considering the equilibrium of the spheres. +//Sum of Moment at O2 + +R1=W1*O2D/(O1O2*sin(alpha)) +//sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +R2=R1 +R3=W1+W2 + +//Sum of Moment at A + +W=R1*O1O2*sin(alpha)/R + +printf("\n W= %0.2f KN",W) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24953b2e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +//R resultant force +//Rx resultant horizontal component +//Ry resultant vertical component +//f1 force +//f2 force +//f3 force +//o1 angle with the line +//o2 angle with the line +//o3 angle with the line +//O angle of resultant force with line +f1=70.0 +f2=80.0 +f3=50.0 +o1=50.0 +o2=25.0 +o3=-45.0 +Rx=(f1*cos(o1/180*3.14)+f2*cos(o2/180*3.14)+f3*cos(o3/180*3.14)) +Ry=(f1*sin(o1/180*3.14)+f2*sin(o2/180*3.14)+f3*sin(o3/180*3.14)) +R=sqrt(Rx**2+Ry**2) +O=atand(Ry/Rx) +printf("\n %s %.2f %s" ,"\n \n Resultant Force = %0.3f ",R,"N") +printf("\n %s %.2f %s" ,"\n \n Resultant angle = %0.3f ",O,"degrees") diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45a634e53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +R=1000.0 //Resultant force +F1=500.0 //Force +F2=1000.0 //force +o=45.0*3.14/180.0 //angle resultant makes with x axis +o1=30.0*3.14/180.0 //angle F1 makes with x axis +o2=60.0*3.14/180.0 //angle F2 makes with x axis +//F3coso3=Rcoso-F1coso1-F2sino2 +//F3sino=Rsino-F1sino1-F2coso2 +F3=((R*cos(o)-F1*cos(o1)-F2*cos(o2))**2+(R*sin(o)-F1*sin(o1)-F2*sin(o2))**2)**0.5 +printf("\n Force %0.3f N",F3) +o3=180/3.14*atan((R*sin(o)-F1*sin(o1)-F2*sin(o2))/(R*cos(o)-F1*cos(o1)-F2*cos(o2))) +printf("\n At an angle %0.3f degrees",o3) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7983a3544 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P1=300.0 +P2=500.0 +thetaI=30.0*%pi/180.0 +thetaP2=30.0*%pi/180 +thetaP1=40.0*%pi/180 +// Let the x and y axes be If the resultant is directed along the x axis, its component in y direction is zero. +//Taking horizontal direction towards left as x axis and the vertical downward direction as y axis. +////sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +F=(P2*sin(thetaP2))/(P1) +theta=(asin((F/(cos(20*%pi/180)*2)))*180/%pi)-20 + +printf("\n theta= %0.2f °",theta) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f0d373be --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P1=20.0 +P2=30.0 +P3=20.0 +theta3=60.0*%pi/180.0 + +//Taking horizontal direction towards left as x axis and the vertical downward direction as y axis. +////sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +Fx=20.0*cos(theta3) +Fy=P1+P2+P3*sin(theta3) + + +R=sqrt((Fx**2)+(Fy**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.4f KN",R) + +alpha=atan(Fy/Fx)*180/%pi +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",alpha) + +//moment at A + +MA=P1*1.5+P2*3.0+P3*sin(theta3)*6.0 + +//The distance of the resultant from point O is given by: + +d=MA/R +x=d/sin(alpha*%pi/180) +printf("\n x= %0.3f m",x) diff --git a/3862/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3862/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c53b8a90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PA=100.0 //inclined up loading at 60° at A, N +PB1=80.0 //Vertical down loading at B,N +PB2=80.0 //Horizontal right loading at at B,N +PC=120.0 //inclined down loading at 30° at C,N + +thetaA=60.0*%pi/180.0 +thetaB=30.0*%pi/180.0 + + + +//Taking horizontal direction towards left as x axis and the vertical downward direction as y axis. +////sum of vertical Fy & sum of horizontal forces Fx is zero +//Assume direction of Fx is right +//Assume direction of Fy is up + +Fx=PB2-PA*cos(thetaA)-PC*cos(thetaB) +Rx=-Fx + +Fy=PB1+PC*sin(thetaB)-PA*sin(thetaA) +Ry=Fy + + +R=sqrt((Rx**2)+(Ry**2)) +printf("\n R= %0.2f KN",R) + +alpha=atan(Fy/Fx)*180/%pi +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",(-alpha)) + +//Let x be the distance from A at which the resultant cuts AC. Then taking A as moment centre, + +x=(PB1*100*sin(thetaA)+PB2*50+PC*sin(thetaB)*100)/Ry +printf("\n x= %0.3f mm",x) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dcac0f34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +//Determine the inclinations of all inclined members + +theta=atan(1)*180/%pi + +printf("\n theta= %0.2f °",theta) + +//Now at joints C, there are only two unknowns,forces in members CB and CD, say FCB and FCD. +//Now there are two equations of equilibrium for the forces meeting at the joint and two unknown forces. Hence, the unknown forces can be determined. At joint C sum V= 0 condition shows that the force FCB should act away from the joint C so that its vertical component balances the vertical downward load at C. + +P=40.0 +FCB=P/sin(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FCB= %0.2f KN",FCB) + +//Now sum H=0 indicates that FCD should act towards C. + +FCD=FCB*cos(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FCD= %0.2f KN",FCD) + +//In the present case, near the joint C, the arrows are marked on the members CB and CD to indicate forces FCB and FCD directions as found in the analysis of joint C. Then reversed directions are marked in the members CB and CD near joints B and D, respectively. + +FDB=40.0 +FDE=40.0 + +printf("\n FDB= %0.2f KN",FDB) + +printf("\n FDE= %0.2f KN",FDE) + +//In the present case, after marking the forces in the members DB and DE, we find that analysis of joint B can be taken up. + +FBE=(FCB*sin(theta*%pi/180)+P)/(sin(theta*%pi/180)) + +FBA=FCB*cos(theta*%pi/180)+FBE*cos(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FBE= %0.2f KN",FBE) +printf("\n FBA= %0.2f KN",FBA) +//Determine the nature of forces in each member and tabulate the results. Note that if the arrow marks on a member are towards each other, then the member is in tension and if the arrow marks are away from each other, the member is in compression. + diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da5656eff --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// + +//Each load is 20 kN. + +//variable declaration + +P=20.0 +AB=18.0 +A=3.0 + +RA=P*7/2 +RB=RA + +theta1=30.0*%pi/180 +a=(3*A)/(4*cos(theta1)) +//Take Section (A)–(A) and consider the equilibrium of left hand side part of the French Truss +//Drop perpendicular CE on AB. + +CE=3*A*tan(theta1) +DE=A + +theta=atan(CE/DE)*180/%pi +printf("\n theta= %0.0f °",theta) + +//moment at point A + +F2=(P*a*cos(theta1)*6)/(A*2*sin(theta*%pi/180)) +printf("\n F2= %0.4f KN (Tension)", F2) + +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero +F1=(F2*sin(theta*%pi/180)+RA-P*3)/(sin(theta1)) +printf("\n F1= %0.4f KN (Comp)",F1) + +F3=F1*cos(theta1)-F2*cos(theta*%pi/180) +printf("\n F3= %0.4f KN (Tension)",F3) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31e1fca85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PA=15.0 //vertical loading at point A,KN +PB=30.0 //vertical loading at point B,KN +PC=30.0 //vertical loading at point C,KN +PD=30.0 //vertical loading at point D,KN +PE=15.0 //vertical loading at point E,KN + +//Due to symmetry, the reactions are equal +RA=(PA+PB+PC+PD+PE)/2 +RB=RA +//Drop perpendicular CH on AF. +//in traingle ACH + +angleACH=45.0*%pi/180 //angleACH,° +angleFCV=30.0*%pi/180 // FC is inclined at 30° to vertical i.e., 60° to horizontal and CH = 5 m +CH=5.0 +angleFCH=60.0*%pi/180 + +//It is not possible to find a joint where there are only two unknowns. Hence, consider section (1)–(1). +//For left hand side part of the frame +//moment at C + +FAE=(RA*CH-PA*CH-PB*CH/2)/(CH) +printf("\n FAE= %0.0f KN (Tension)",FAE) + +//Assuming the directions for FFC and FBC +//sum of vertical & sum of horizontal forces is zero + +//FFC=FBC*sqrt(2)-RA + +FBC=(RA*sin(angleFCH)-PA)/(sqrt(2)*sin(angleFCH)-(1/sqrt(2))) +printf("\n FBC= %0.2f KN (Comp.)",FBC) + +FFC=FBC*sqrt(2)-RA +printf("\n FFC= %0.2f KN (Tension)",FFC) + +//Assumed directions of FBC and FFC are correct. Therefore, FBC is in compression and FFC is in tension. Now we can proceed with method of joints to find the forces in other members. Since it is a symmetric truss, analysis of half the truss is sufficient. Other values may be written down by making use of symmetrry. + +//Joint B: sum of forces normal to AC = 0, gives + +FBF=PC*cos(angleACH) + +//sum of forces parallel to AC = 0, gives + +FAB=FBC+PC*sin(angleACH) + +printf("\n FAB= %0.2f KN (Comp.)",FAB) + + + +//JOINT A +//sum of vertical & sum of horizontal forces is zero + +FAF=(FAB*sin(angleACH)+PA-RA)/sin(angleFCV) + +printf("\n FAF= %0.2f KN (Tension)",FAF) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91f36f6f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clear +// + +//Now, we cannot find a joint with only two unknown forces without finding reactions. +//Consider the equilibrium of the entire frame,Sum of moments about A is zero,Horizontal forces & Vertical forces is zero. + +//variable declaration + +PB=40.0 +PC=50.0 +PE=60.0 + +theta=60.0 + +RD=(PC*3+PE*2+PB*1)/(4.0) + +RA=PB+PC+PE-RD + +FAB=RA/sin(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FAB= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FAB) + +FAE=FAB*cos(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FAE= %0.4f KN (Tension)",FAE) + +FDC=RD/sin(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FDC= %0.4f KN (Comp.) ",FDC) + +FDE=FDC*cos(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FDE= %0.4f KN (Tension) ",FDE) + +FBE=(FAB*sin(theta*%pi/180)-PB)/sin(theta*%pi/180) + +FBC=(FAB+FBE)*(0.5) +printf("\n FBC= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FBC) + + +FCE=(FDC*sin(theta*%pi/180)-PC)/(sin(theta*%pi/180)) +printf("\n FCE= %0.4f KN (Tension)",FCE) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c0f84347 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +PB=20.0 //Load at point B,KN +PC=10.0 //Load at point C,KN +thetaA=60.0 //angleBAC +thetaD=30.0 //angleBDC + +AC=3.0 //length,m +CD=3.0 //length,m + +AB=(AC+CD)*cos(thetaA*%pi/180) +BD=(AC+CD)*cos(thetaD*%pi/180) +//mistake in book +//angleBCA=angleABC=theta + +theta=(180.0-thetaA)/(2.0) + +//Taking moment about A, we get +RD=(PC*AC+PB*AC*cos(thetaA*%pi/180))/(AC+CD) + +RA=PC+PB-RD +//Joint A +//vertical & horizontal forces sum to zero + +FAB=RA/sin(thetaA*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FAB= %0.2f KN [Comp.]",FAB) +FAC=FAB*cos(thetaA*%pi/180) +printf("\n FAC= %0.2f KN [Tensile]",FAC) + +//Joint D +//vertical & horizontal forces sum to zero + +FDB=RD/sin(thetaD*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FDB= %0.2f KN [Comp.]",FDB) +FDC=FDB*cos(thetaD*%pi/180) +printf("\n FDC= %0.2f KN [Tensile]",FDC) + +//Joint C +//vertical & horizontal forces sum to zero + +FCB=PC/sin(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FCB= %0.2f KN ",FCB) + +//CHECK + +FCB=(FDC-FAC)/cos(theta*%pi/180) +printf("\n FCB= %0.2f KN Checked",FCB) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f799932b --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +clear +// + +//Now, we cannot find a joint with only two unknown forces without finding reactions. +//Consider the equilibrium of the entire frame,Sum of moments about A is zero,Horizontal forces & Vertical forces is zero. + +//variable declaration + +PB=30.0 //vertical load at point B,KN +PC=50.0 //vertical load at point C,KN +PDv=40.0 //vertical load at point D,KN +PDh=20.0 //Horizontal load at point D,KN +PF=30.0 //vertical load at point F,KN +HA=PDh + +RE=(PC*4+PDv*8+PDh*4+PF*4)/(8.0) + +VA=PB+PC+PDv+PF-RE + +//joint A +//sum of vertical & sum of horizontal forces is zero. + +FAB=VA +FAF=HA + +//joint E +//sum of vertical & sum of horizontal forces is zero. + +FED=RE +FEF=0 + +//Joint B: Noting that inclined member is at 45° +//sum of vertical & sum of horizontal forces is zero. + +theta=45.0 +FBF=(VA-PB)/sin(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FBF= %0.4f KN (Tension) ",FBF) + +FBC=FBF*cos(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FBC= %0.4f KN (Comp.) ",FBC) + +//Joint C: +//sum of vertical & sum of horizontal forces is zero. + + +FCF=PC + +printf("\n FCF= %0.4f KN (Comp.) ",FCF) + +FCD=FBC + +printf("\n FCD= %0.4f KN (Comp.) ",FCD) + +//Joint D: Noting that inclined member is at 45° +//sum of vertical & sum of horizontal forces is zero. + +theta=45.0 +FDF=(RE-PDv)/cos(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FDF= %0.4f KN (Tensile) ",FDF) + +//check + +FDF=(FCD+PDh)/cos(theta*%pi/180) + +printf("\n FDF= %0.4f KN Checked ",FDF) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7868fe5bf --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +clear +// + +//All inclined members have the same inclination to horizontal. Now, length of an inclined member is BF + +//variable declaration + +PE=20.0 +AF=3.0 +FE=3.0 +AB=4.0 +FD=4.0 +BD=3.0 +CD=4.0 + +BF=sqrt((AF**2)+(AB**2)) +DE=BF +BC=DE + +//sin(theta)=AB/BF +//cos(theta)=AF/BF + +theta=asin(AB/BF) +//As soon as a joint is analysed the forces on the joint are marked on members + +//Joint E +//Consider the equilibrium of the entire frame,Sum of moments about A is zero,Horizontal forces & Vertical forces is zero. + +FED=PE/sin(theta) +printf("\n FED= %0.0f KN (Tension)",FED) + +FEF=FED*cos(theta) +printf("\n FEF= %0.0f KN (Comp.)",FEF) + +//At this stage as no other joint is having only two unknowns, no further progress is possible. Let us find the reactions at the supports considering the whole structure. Let the reaction be RC HORIZONTAL at point C,VA,HA at point A Vertically & Horizontally respectively. +//Taking moment at point A, + +RC=PE*6/8 +//sum of vertical & sun of horizontal forces is zero. + +VA=PE +HA=RC + +//Joint A +//sum of vertical & sun of horizontal forces is zero. +FAB=VA +printf("\n FAB= %0.0f KN (Comp.)",FAB) + +FAF=HA +printf("\n FAF= %0.0f KN (Comp.)",FAF) + +//Joint C +//sum of vertical & sun of horizontal forces is zero. +FCB=RC/cos(theta) +printf("\n FCB= %0.0f KN (Comp.)",FCB) + +FCD=FCB*sin(theta) +printf("\n FCD= %0.0f KN (Tension)",FCD) + +//Joint B +//sum of vertical & sun of horizontal forces is zero. + +FBF=(FCB*sin(theta)-FAB)/sin(theta) + +printf("\n FBF= %e ",FBF) + +FBD=FCB*cos(theta) +printf("\n FBD= %0.0f KN (Tension)",FBD) + +//joint F +//sum of vertical & sun of horizontal forces is zero. + +FFD=FBF +printf("\n FFD= %e ",FFD) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f1930dc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +AB=2.0 //length of beam AB,m +BD=2.0 //length of beam BD,m +DF=2.0 //length of beam DF,m +FH=3.0 //length of beam FH,m +FG=4.0 //length of beam FG,m +PF=12.0 //Vertical Load at point F,KN +PH=20.0 //Vertical Load at point H,KN + +//mistake in book FG=4.0 , given FG=2.0 + +theta1=atan(FG/(AB+BD+DF)) +theta3=atan(FG/FH) +theta2=theta3 + +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +//joint H + +FHG=PH/sin(theta3) +printf("\n FHG= %0.0f KN (Comp.)",FHG) + +FHF=FHG*cos(theta2) +printf("\n FHF= %0.0f KN (Tension)",FHF) + +//taking moment at G + +RA=PH*FH/(AB+BD+DF) + +RG=RA+PF+PH + +//joint A +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FAC=RA/sin(theta1) +printf("\n FAC= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FAC) + +FAB=FAC*cos(theta1) +printf("\n FAB= %0.0f KN (Tension)",FAB) + +//joint B +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FBC=0 +printf("\n FBC= %e ",FBC) +FBA=FAB +FBD=FBA +printf("\n FBD=FBA %0.0f KN (Tension)",FBD) + +//Joint C: Sum of Forces normal to AC = 0, gives FCD =0 since FBC = 0 ,sum of Forces parallel to CE =0 + +FCA=FAC +FCE=FCA +printf("\n FCE=FCA %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FCE) + + +//joint D +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FDE=0 +printf("\n FDE= %e ",FDE) + +FDB=FBD +FDF=FDB + +printf("\n FDF=FDB %0.0f KN (Tension)",FDF) + +//Joint E: sum of Forces normal to CG = 0, gives FEF = 0 and sum of Forces in the direction of CG = 0, gives + +FEF=0 + + +FEG=FCE + +printf("\n FEG=FCE= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FEG) + +//Joint F: +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FFG=PF + +printf("\n FFG= %0.0f KN (Tension)",FFG) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3534f490 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +clear +// + +// Since all members are 3 m long, all triangles are equilateral and hence all inclined members are at 60° to horizontal. Joint-by-joint analysis is carried out . Then nature of the force is determined. + +//variable declaration + +AB=3.0 +BC=AB +AC=AB +BD=BC +CD=BD +CE=CD +DE=CE +EF=DE +DF=DE +EG=DE +FG=DF + +theta=60.0*%pi/180 //angles BAC,BCA,DCE,DEC,FEG,FGE,° + +PB=40.0 //Vertical Loading at point B,KN +PD=30.0 //Vertical Loading at point D,KN +HF=10.0 //Horizontal Loading at point F,KN +PG=20.0 //Vertical Loading at point G,KN + +//joint G +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FGF=PG/sin(theta) + +printf("\n FGF= %0.4f KN (Tension)",FGF) + +FGE=FGF*cos(theta) + +printf("\n FGE= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FGE) + +//joint F + +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FFG=FGF + +printf("\n FFG= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FFG) + +FFE=FGF +FFD=FGF*cos(theta)+FFE*cos(theta)-HF +printf("\n FFD= %0.4f KN (Tension)",FFD) + +//Now, without finding reaction we cannot proceed. Hence, consider equilibrium of the entire truss +//moment about point A + +RE=((PB*AC/2)-(HF*EF*sin(theta))+(PD*(AC+CE/2))+(PG*(AC+CE+EG)))/(AC+CE) + +VA=PB+PD+PG-RE + +HA=HF + +//joint A +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FAB=VA/sin(theta) + +printf("\n FAB= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FAB) + +FAC=FAB*cos(theta)-HF + +printf("\n FAC= %0.4f KN (Tension)",FAC) + + +//joint B +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FBC=(PB-FAB*sin(theta))/sin(theta) + +printf("\n FBC= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FBC) + +FBA=FAB +FBD=-FBC*cos(theta)+FBA*cos(theta) + +printf("\n FBD= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FBD) + +//joint C +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FCD=FBC*sin(theta)/sin(theta) + +printf("\n FCD= %0.4f KN (Tension)",FCD) + +FCE=FCD*cos(theta)+FBC*cos(theta)-FAC + +printf("\n FCE= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FCE) + +//joint D +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FDE=(PD+FCD*sin(theta))/sin(theta) + +printf("\n FDE= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FDE) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acf2e8f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +clear +// + +//Each load is 10 kN and all triangles are equilateral with sides 4 m. + +//variable declaration + +PB=10.0 +PD=PB +PF=PD +AB=4.0 +BC=AB +AC=BC +BD=BC +CD=BC +DE=CD +CE=CD +DF=DE +EF=DE +EG=DE +FG=EF +//Take section (A)–(A), which cuts the members FH, GH and GI and separates the truss into two parts. +AG=AC+CE+EG +BG=CE+EG+AC/2 +DG=EG+CE/2 +FG1=EG/2 +RA=PB*7/2 +RO=RA +theta=60.0*%pi/180 +//moment at point G +FFH=(RA*AG-PB*BG-PD*DG-PF*FG1)/(FG*sin(theta)) +printf("\n FFH= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FFH) + +//sum of all vertical forces & sum of all horizotal forces is zero + +FGH=(RA-PB-PD-PF)/(sin(theta)) +printf("\n FGH= %0.4f KN (Comp.)",FGH) + +FGI=FFH+FGH*cos(theta) +printf("\n FGI= %0.4f KN (Tensile)",FGI) diff --git a/3862/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3862/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f097d8ab8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +clear +// + +//To determine reactions, consider equilibrium equations + +//variable declaration +//all Vertical loading are in KN +PL1=200.0 +PL2=200.0 +PL3=150.0 +PL4=100.0 +PL5=100.0 + +//length in m +UL1=6.0 +UL2=8.0 +UL3=9.0 +UL4=UL2 +UL5=UL1 + +L1=6.0 +L2=6.0 +L3=6.0 +L4=6.0 +L5=6.0 +L6=6.0 + +//moment at point LO + +R2=(PL1*L1+PL2*(L1+L2)+PL3*(L1+L2+L3)+PL4*(L1+L2+L3+L4)+PL5*(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5))/(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5+L6) + +R1=PL1+PL2+PL3+PL4+PL5-R2 + +//Take the section (1)–(1) and consider the right hand side part. + +U3U4=sqrt((1**2)+(UL1**2)) +theta1=asin(1/U3U4) + +L3U4=sqrt((UL1**2)+(UL2**2)) +theta2=asin(6/L3U4) + +//moment at U4 + +FL3L4=(R2*(L5+L6)-PL4*L4)/UL4 + +printf("\n FL3L4= %0.1f KN (Tension)",FL3L4) + +//moment at L3 +FU4U3=(-PL4*L4-PL5*(L4+L5)+R2*(L4+L5+L6))/(cos(theta1)*UL3) +printf("\n FU4U3= %0.1f KN (Comp.)",FU4U3) + +//sum of horizontal forces +FL4L3=FL3L4 +FU4L3=(-FL4L3+FU4U3*cos(theta1))/sin(theta2) +printf("\n FU4L3= %0.1f KN (Tension)",FU4L3) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..265a46521 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +L1=600.0 //length of wire AB,mm +L2=200.0 //length of wire BC,mm +L3=300.0 //length of wire CD,mm +theta=45*%pi/180 +//The wire is divided into three segments AB, BC and CD. Taking A as origin the coordinates of the centroids of AB, BC and CD are (X1,Y1),(X2,Y2),(X3,Y3) + +X1=300.0 +X2=600.0 +X3=600.0-150*cos(theta) +Y1=0 +Y2=100 +Y3=200+150*sin(theta) +L=L1+L2+L3 //Total length,mm + +xc=(L1*X1+L2*X2+L3*X3)/L + +printf("\n xc= %0.2f mm",xc) + + +yc=(L1*Y1+L2*Y2+L3*Y3)/L + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f mm",yc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bff9ed699 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// If xc and yc are the coordinates of the centre of the circle, centroid also must have the coordinates xc and yc as per the condition laid down in the problem. The shaded area may be considered as a rectangle of size 200 mm × 150 mm minus a triangle of sides 100 mm × 75 mm and a circle of diameter 100 mm. + +// +//variable declaration + +Ap=200.0*150.0 //Area of plate,mm^2 +At=100.0*75.0/2.0 //Area of triangle,mm^2 +Ah=%pi*(100**2)/4.0 //Area of hole **mm^2 + +A=Ap-At-Ah + + +X1=100.0 +X2=200.0-100.0/3.0 +//X3=Xc + +Y1=75.0 +Y2=150.0-25.0 +//Y3=Yc + +A=Ap-At-Ah + +xc=(Ap*X1-At*X2)/(Ah+A) + +printf("\n xc= %0.2f mm",xc) + +yc=(Ap*Y1-At*Y2)/(Ah+A) + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f mm",yc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c39288a06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +X=40.0 +A1=14.0*12.0*(X**2) //Area of rectangle**mm^2 +A2=6.0*4.0*(X**2)/2.0 //Area of triangle**mm^2 +A3=-4*4*(X**2) //Area of removed subtracted**mm^2 +A4=-%pi*(4*X**2)/2.0 //Area of semicircle to be subtracted**mm^2 +A5=-%pi*(4*X**2)/4.0 //Area of quarter of circle to be subtracted**mm^2 + +X1=7.0*X +X2=14*X+2*X +X3=2*X +X4=6.0*X +X5=14.0*X-(16*X/(3*%pi)) + +Y1=6.0*X +Y2=4.0*X/3.0 +Y3=8.0*X+2.0*X +Y4=(16.0*X)/(3*%pi) +Y5=12*X-4*(4*X/(3*%pi)) + +A=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 + +xc=(A1*X1+A2*X2+A3*X3+A4*X4+A5*X5)/A + +printf("\n xc= %0.2f m",xc) + + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2+A3*Y3+A4*Y4+A5*Y5)/A + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f m",yc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..571e8eddb --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +clear +//The given composite section can be divided into two rectangles + +// +//variable declaration + + +A1=150.0*10.0 //Area of 1,mm^2 +A2=140.0*10.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 +A=A1+A2 //Total area,mm^2 +//Due to symmetry, centroid lies on the symmetric axis y-y. The distance of the centroid from the top most fibre is given by: + +Y1=5.0 +Y2=10.0+70.0 + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2)/A + +//Referring to the centroidal axis x-x and y-y, the centroid of A1 is g1 (0.0, yc-5) and that of A2 is g2 (0.0, 80-yc) + +//Moment of inertia of the section about x-x axis Ixx = moment of inertia of A1 about x-x axis + moment of inertia of A2 about x-x axis. + + +Ixx=(150*(10**3)/12)+(A1*((yc-5)**2))+(10*(140**3)/12)+(A2*((80-yc)**2)) + +printf("\n Ixx= %0.1f mm^4",Ixx) + +Iyy=(10*(150**3)/12)+(140*(10**3)/12) + +printf("\n Iyy= %0.1f mm^4",Iyy) + +//Hence, the moment of inertia of the section about an axis passing through the centroid and parallel to the top most fibre is Ixxmm^4 and moment of inertia of the section about the axis of symmetry is Iyy mm^4. +//The radius of gyration is given by + +kxx=sqrt(Ixx/A) +printf("\n kxx= %0.2f mm",kxx) + +kyy=sqrt(Iyy/A) +printf("\n kyy= %0.2f mm",kyy) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10766b63c --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +clear +//The given composite section can be divided into two rectangles + + +//variable declaration + + +A1=125.0*10.0 //Area of 1,mm^2 +A2=75.0*10.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 +A=A1+A2 //Total area,mm^2 + +//First, the centroid of the given section is to be located. Two reference axis (1)–(1) and (2)–(2) + +//The distance of centroid from the axis (1)–(1) + +X1=5.0 +X2=10.0+75.0/2 + +xc=(A1*X1+A2*X2)/A + +//Similarly, the distance of the centroid from the axis (2)–(2) + +Y1=125.0/2 +Y2=5.0 + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2)/A + +//With respect to the centroidal axis x-x and y-y, the centroid of A1 is g1 (xc-5, (85/2)-xc) and that of A2 is g2 ((135/2)-yc, yc-5). +Ixx=(10*(125**3)/12)+(A1*(21.56**2))+(75.0*(10.0**3.0)/12)+(A2*((39.94)**2)) + +printf("\n Ixx= %0.1f mm^4",Ixx) + +Iyy=(125*(10**3)/12)+(A1*(15.94**2))+(10*(75**3)/12)+(A2*(26.56**2)) + +printf("\n Iyy= %0.1f mm^4",Iyy) + +//Izz=Polar moment of inertia + +Izz=Ixx+Iyy + +printf("\n Izz= %0.1f mm^4",Izz)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..405e99812 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + + +A1=100.0*13.5 //Area of 1,mm^2 +A2=(400.0-27.0)*8.1 //Area of 2,mm^2 +A3=100.0*13.5 //Area of 3,mm^2 + +A=A1+A2+A3 //Total area,mm^2 + +//The given section is symmetric about horizontal axis passing through the centroid g2 of the rectangle A2. + +X1=50.0 +X2=8.1/2.0 +X3=50.0 + +xc=(A1*X1+A2*X2+A3*X3)/A + +Y1=386.5+13.5/2.0 +Y2=200.0 +Y3=13.5/2 + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2+A3*Y3)/A + +//With reference to the centroidal axis x-x and y-y + +Ixx=(100.0*(13.5**3)/12.0)+(A1*((200-(13.5/2))**2))+(8.1*(373**3.0)/12.0)+0+(100*(13.5**3)/12.0)+(A3*((200-(13.5/2))**2)) +printf("\n Ixx= %0.1f mm^4",Ixx) + +Iyy=(13.5*(100.0**3)/12.0)+(A1*((50-xc)**2))+(373.0*(8.1**3.0)/12.0)+A2*(21.68**2)+(13.5*(100**3)/12.0)+(A3*((50-xc)**2)) + +printf("\n Iyy= %0.1f mm^4",Iyy) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce6ff8492 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +clear +// The section is divided into three rectangles A1, A2 and A3 + +// + +//variable declaration + + +A1=80.0*12.0 //Area of 1,mm^2 +A2=(150.0-22.0)*12.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 +A3=120.0*10.0 //Area of 3,mm^2 + +A=A1+A2+A3 //Total area,mm^2 + +//Due to symmetry, centroid lies on axis y-y. The bottom fibre (1)–(1) is chosen as reference axis to locate the centroid + +Y1=150-6 +Y2=(128/2) +10 +Y3=5 +X1=60.0 +X2=60.0 +X3=60.0 + +yc=(A1*X1+A2*X2+A3*X3)/A + + + +xc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2+A3*Y3)/A + +//With reference to the centroidal axis x-x and y-y, the centroid of the rectangles A1 is g1 (0.0, 150-6-yc), that of A2 is g2 (0.0, 75-yc) and that of A3 is g3 (0.0, yc-5 ). + +Iyy=(12*((80**3))/12)+(128*((12**3))/12)+(10*((120**3))/12) + +Ixx=(80.0*(12.0**3)/12.0)+(A1*((150-6-yc)**2))+(12*(128**3.0)/12.0)+(A2*((75-yc)**2))+(120*(10**3)/12.0)+(A3*((150-10-6-yc)**2)) + + + +PolarmomentofInertia=Ixx+Iyy + +printf("\n Polar moment of Inertia= %0.0f mm^4",PolarmomentofInertia) + +kxx=sqrt(Ixx/A) +printf("\n kxx= %0.2f mm",kxx) + + +kyy=sqrt(Iyy/A) +printf("\n kyy= %0.2f mm",kyy) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac0c13a12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +clear +// + +//The given composite section may be divided into simple rectangles and triangle + +//variable declaration + + +A1=100.0*30.0 //Area of 1,mm^2 +A2=100.0*25.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 +A3=200.0*20.0 //Area of 3,mm^2 +A4=87.5*20.0/2.0 //Area of 4,mm^2 +A5=87.5*20.0/2.0 //Area of 5,mm^2 + +A=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 //Total area,mm^2 + +//Due to symmetry, centroid lies on the axis y-y. A reference axis (1)–(1) is choosen as shown in the figure. The distance of the centroidal axis from (1)–(1) + +X1=100.0 +X2=100.0 +X3=100.0 +X4=2.0*87.5/3.0 +X5=200-X4 +xc=(A1*X1+A2*X2+A3*X3+A4*X4+A5*X5)/A + +Y1=135.0 +Y2=70.0 +Y3=10.0 +Y4=(20.0/3.0)+20.0 +Y5=Y4 + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2+A3*Y3+A4*Y4+A5*Y5)/A + +//With reference to the centroidal axis x-x and y-y, the centroid of the rectangle A1 is g1 (0.0,135.0-yc), that of A2 is g2(0.0,70.00-yc), that of A3 is g3 (0.0, yc-10.0), the centroid of triangle A4 is g4 (41.66,yc-20.0-(20.0/3.0) ) and that of A5 is g5 (41.66,yc-20.0-(20.0/3.0)). + + +Ixx=(100.0*(30**3)/12.0)+(A1*((135.0-yc)**2))+(25.0*(100**3.0)/12.0)+(A2*((70.0-yc)**2))+(200*(20**3)/12.0)+(A3*((yc-10.0)**2))+((87.5*(20**3)/36.0)+(A4*((yc-20.0-(20.0/3.0))**2)))*2 + +printf("\n Ixx= %0.1f mm^4",Ixx) + +Iyy=(30.0*(100**3)/12.0)+(100.0*(25**3.0)/12.0)+(20*(200**3)/12.0)+((20.0*(87.5**3)/36.0)+(A4*((41.66)**2)))*2 + +printf("\n Iyy= %0.1f mm^4",Iyy) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9d56d4cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//In this problem, it is required to find out the moment of inertia of the section about an axis AB. So there is no need to find out the position of the centroid. +//The given section is split up into simple rectangles +//Moment of inertia about AB = Sum of moments of inertia of the rectangle about AB + +//variable declaration + +A1=400*20.0 +A2=100*10 +A3=10*380.0 +A4=100*10.0 + +IAB=(400.0*(20**3)/12)+(A1*(10**2))+((100*(10**3)/12)+(A2*(25**2)))*2+((10*(380**3)/12)+(A3*(220**2)))*2+((100*(10**3)/12)+(A4*(415**2)))*2 + +printf("\n IAB= %0.0f mm^4",IAB) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e55f95842 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// The built-up section is divided into six simple rectangles + +//variable declaration + + +A1=250.0*10.0 //Area of 1,mm^2 +A2=40.0*10.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 + +A=A1*2+A2*4 //Total area,mm^2 + + +Y1=5.0 +Y2=30.0 +Y3=15.0 +Y4=255.0 +Y5=135.0 + +yc=(A1*Y1+2*A2*Y2+A2*Y3+A2*Y4+A1*Y5)/A + +//Now, Moment of inertia about the centroidalaxis=Sum of the moment of inertia of the individual rectangles + +Ixx=(250.0*(10**3)/12.0)+(A1*((yc-5)**2))+((10.0*(40**3.0)/12.0)+(A2*((yc-30.0)**2)))*2+(40*(10**3)/12.0)+(A2*((yc-15.0)**2))+(10.0*(250.0**3.0)/12.0)+(A1*((yc-135.0)**2))+(40.0*(10.0**3)/12)+(A2*((yc-255)**2)) + +printf("\n Ixx= %0.1f mm^4",Ixx) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa6b88563 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// + +//The composite figure is divided into three simple figures and taking A as origin coordinates of their centroids + +//variable declaration + +L1=400.0 //length of wire AB,mm +L2=150.0*%pi //length of wire BC,mm +L3=250.0 //length of wire CD,mm +theta=30*%pi/180 + +//The wire is divided into three segments AB, BC and CD. Taking A as origin the coordinates of the centroids of AB, BC and CD are (X1,Y1),(X2,Y2),(X3,Y3) +X1=200.0 +X2=475.0 +X3=400+300.0+250*cos(theta)/2 + +Y1=0 +Y2=2*150/%pi +Y3=125*sin(theta) +L=L1+L2+L3 //Total length,mm + +xc=(L1*X1+L2*X2+L3*X3)/L + +printf("\n xc= %0.2f mm",xc) + + +yc=(L1*Y1+L2*Y2+L3*Y3)/L + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f mm",yc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d9ef22f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +//Each angle is divided into two rectangles + +//variable declaration + +A1=600.0*15.0 //Area of 1,mm^2 +A2=140.0*10.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 +A3=150.0*10.0 +A4=400.0*20.0 +A=A1+A2*2+A3*2+A4 //Total area,mm^2 + +//The distance of the centroidal axis from the bottom fibres of section + +Y1=320.0 +Y2=100.0 +Y3=25.0 +Y4=10.0 + +yc=(A1*Y1+2*A2*Y2+A3*Y3*2+A4*Y4)/A +printf("\n yc") +//Now, Moment of inertia about the centroidalaxis=Sum of the moment of inertia of the individual rectangles + +Ixx=(15.0*(600**3)/12.0)+(A1*((yc-320)**2))+((10.0*(140**3.0)/12.0)+(A2*((yc-100.0)**2)))*2+((150*(10**3)/12.0)+(A3*((yc-15.0)**2)))*2+(400.0*(20.0**3.0)/12.0)+(A4*((yc-10.0)**2)) + + +printf("\n Ixx= %0.1f mm^4",Ixx) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..202ef8b1e --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// + +//The rectangle is divided into four triangles +//The lines AE and FC are parallel to x-axis + +//variable declaration + +theta=asin(4.0/5.0) + +AB=100.0 +BK=AB*sin((90*%pi/180)-theta) +ND=BK +FD=60.0/sin(theta) +AF=150.0-FD +AE=AB/cos((90*%pi/180)-theta) +FC=AE +A=125.0*60.0/2.0 + +//Moment of inertia of the section about axis x-x=Sum of the momentsof inertia of individual triangular areasabout axis + +Ixx=(125*(60**3)/36)+(A*((ND*4.0/3.0)**2))+(125*(60**3)/36)+(A*((ND*2.0/3.0)**2))+(125*(60**3)/36)+(A*((ND*1.0/3.0)**2))+(125*(60**3)/36)+(A*((ND*1.0/3.0)**2)) + +printf("\n Ixx= %0.0f mm^4",Ixx) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a011265b --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +// + +//The section is divided into a triangle PQR, a semicircle PSQ having base on axis AB and a circle having its centre on axis AB + +//variable declaration +//Now,Moment of inertia of the section about axis AB +IAB=(80*(80**3)/12)+(%pi*(80**4)/128)-(%pi*(40**4)/64) + +printf("\n IAB= %0.0f mm^4",IAB) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ffbca00e --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +clear +// + +//The section is divided into three simple figures viz., a triangle ABC, a rectangle ACDE and a semicircle. + +//variable declaration + +r=20.0 //radius of semicircle +A1=80.0*20.0/2 //Area of triangle ABC +A3=40.0*80.0 //Area of rectangle ACDE +A4=%pi*(r**2)/2 //Area of semicircle +At1=30.0*20.0/2.0 +At2=50.0*20.0/2.0 +A=A1+A3-A4 //Total area + +X1=2.0*30.0/3.0 +X2=50.0*30.0/3.0 +X3=40.0 +X4=40.0 + +xc=(At1*X1+At2*X2+A3*X3-A4*X4)/A +//mistake in book + +Y1=(20.0/3.0)+40.0 +Y3=20.0 +Y4=(4.0*20.0)/(3.0*%pi) + +yc=(A1*Y1+A3*Y3-A4*Y4)/A +printf("\n %0.3f %0.3f ",xc,yc) + +// +//Moment of inertia of the section about axis x-x=Sum of the momentsof inertia of individual triangular areasabout axis + +Ixx=(80.0*(20.0**3)/36) +A1*((60.0-(2*20.0/3.0)-yc)**2)+(80*(40**3)/12)+(A3*((yc-20.0)**2))-((0.0068598*(20**4))+(A4*((yc-Y4)**2))) + +printf("\n Ixx= %0.0f mm^4",Ixx) + + +Iyy=(20.0*(30.0**3)/36) +At1*((xc-(2*30.0/3.0))**2)+(20*(50**3)/36)+(At2*((xc-(30.0+(50/3)))**2))+((40*(80**3)/12)+(A3*((xc-40)**2)))-((%pi*(40**4))/(2*64))-(A4*((40-xc)**2)) + +printf("\n Iyy= %0.0f mm^4",Iyy) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..615d9a78d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +//A concrete block of size 0.60 m × 0.75 m × 0.5 m is cast with a hole of diameter 0.2 m and depth 0.3 m +//The hole is completely filled with steel balls weighing 2500 N. Locate the centre of gravity of the body. + +// + +//variable declaration + +W=25000.0 // weight of concrete=25000, N/m^3 +W1=0.6*0.75*0.5*W //Weight of solid concrete block +W2=%pi*(0.2**2)*0.3*W/4 //Weight of concrete (W2) removed for making hole: +W3=2500 + +//Taking origin as shown in the figure, the centre of gravity of solid block is (0.375, 0.3, 0.25) and that of hollow portion is (0.5, 0.4, 0.15) + +X1=0.375 +X2=0.5 +X3=0.5 + +Y1=0.3 +Y2=0.4 +Y3=0.4 + +Z1=0.25 +Z2=0.15 +Z3=0.15 + +Wt=W3+W1-W2 +printf("\n %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f ",W,W1,W2,Wt) + +xc=(W1*X1-W2*X2+W3*X3)/Wt + +yc=(W1*Y1-W2*Y2+W3*Y3)/Wt + +zc=(W1*Z1-W2*Z2+W3*Z3)/Wt + +printf("\n xc= %0.3f m",xc) +printf("\n yc= %0.3f m",yc) +printf("\n zc= %0.3f m",zc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1bac15a13 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +clear +// +// The length and the centroid of portions AB, BC and CD +// portion AB is in x-z plane, BC in y-z plane and CD in x-y plane. AB and BC are semi circular in shape + +//variable declaration + +L1=100.0*%pi //length of wire AB,mm +L2=140.0*%pi //length of wire BC,mm +L3=300.0 //length of wire CD,mm +theta=45*%pi/180 + +//The wire is divided into three segments AB, BC and CD. Taking A as origin the coordinates of the centroids of AB, BC and CD are (X1,Y1),(X2,Y2),(X3,Y3) +X1=100.0 +X2=0 +X3=300*sin(theta) + +Y1=0 +Y2=140 +Y3=280+300*cos(theta) +Z1=2*100/%pi +Z2=2*140/%pi +Z3=0 + +L=L1+L2+L3 //Total length,mm + +xc=(L1*X1+L2*X2+L3*X3)/L + +printf("\n xc= %0.2f mm",xc) + + +yc=(L1*Y1+L2*Y2+L3*Y3)/L + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f mm",yc) + +zc=(L1*Z1+L2*Z2+L3*Z3)/L + +printf("\n zc= %0.2f mm",zc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60a719ee0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +A1=150.0*12.0 //Area of 1 ,mm^2 +A2=(200.0-12.0)*12.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 + +X1=75 +X2=6 + +Y1=6 +Y2=12+(200-12)/2 + +A=A1+A2 + +xc=(A1*X1+A2*X2)/A + +printf("\n xc= %0.2f ",xc) + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2)/A + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f mm",yc) + +printf("\nThus, the centroid is at x = 36.62 mm and y = 61.62 mm ") + diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c52f5dddc --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +A1=100.0*20 //Area of 1 ,mm^2 +A2=100.0*20.0 //Area of 2,mm^2 +A3=150.0*30.0 //Area of 3,mm^2 + +//Selecting the coordinate system, due to symmetry centroid must lie on y axis, + +X1=0 +X2=0 + +Y1=30+100+20/2 +Y2=30+100/2 +Y3=30/2 + +A=A1+A2+A3 + + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2+A3*Y3)/A + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f mm",yc) + +printf("\n Thus, the centroid is on the symmetric axis at a distance 59.71 mm from the bottom") + diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bdd81f46d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clear +// Note that it is convenient to take axis in such a way that the centroids of all simple figures are having positive coordinates. If coordinate of any simple figure comes out to be negative, one should be careful in assigning the sign of moment of area + +//variable declaration + +A1=2.0*6.0*1.0/2.0 //Area of 1,m^2 +A2=2.0*7.5 //Area of 2,m^2 +A3=3.0*5.0*1.0/2 //Area of 3,m^2 +A4=1.0*4.0 //Area of 4,m^2 + +//The composite figure can be conveniently divided into two triangles and two rectangle + +X1=2.0*2.0/3.0 +X2=2.0+1.0 +X3=2.0+2.0+(1.0*3.0/3.0) +X4=4.0+4.0/2.0 + +Y1=6.0/3.0 +Y2=7.5/2.0 +Y3=1.0+5.0/3.0 +Y4=1/2.0 + +A=A1+A2+A3+A4 + +xc=(A1*X1+A2*X2+A3*X3+A4*X4)/A + +printf("\n xc= %0.3f m",xc) + + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2+A3*Y3+A4*Y4)/A + +printf("\n yc= %0.3f m",yc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d226987d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// The composite section is divided into three simple figures, a triangle, a rectangle and a semicircle + +// +//variable declaration + +A1=1.0*3.0*4.0/2.0 //Area of 1,m^2 +A2=6.0*4.0 //Area of 2,m^2 +A3=1.0*%pi*(2**2)/2 //Area of 3**m^2 + +//The coordinates of centroids of these three simple figures are: + +X1=6.0+3.0/3.0 +X2=3.0 +X3=-(4*2)/(3.0*%pi) + +Y1=4.0/3.0 +Y2=2.0 +Y3=2.0 + +A=A1+A2+A3 + +xc=(A1*X1+A2*X2+A3*X3)/A + +printf("\n xc= %0.4f m",xc) + + +yc=(A1*Y1+A2*Y2+A3*Y3)/A + +printf("\n yc= %0.3f m",yc) diff --git a/3862/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3862/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0177d4636 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +clear +//The composite area is equal to a rectangle of size 160 × 280 mm plus a triangle of size 280 mm base width and 40 mm height and minus areas of six holes. In this case also the can be used for locating centroid by treating area of holes as negative. The area of simple figures and their centroids are + +// + +//variable declaration + +Ar=160.0*280.0 //Area of rectangle,mm^2 +At=280.0*40.0/2.0 //Area of triangle,mm^2 +d=21.5 //diameter of hole,mm +Ah=-%pi*(d**2)/4 //Area of hole**mm^2 + +A=Ar+At+Ah*6 + + +Xr=140.0 +Xt=560/3.0 +Xh1=70.0 +Xh2=140.0 +Xh3=210.0 +Xh4=70.0 +Xh5=140.0 +Xh6=210.0 + +Yr=80.0 +Yt=160.0+40.0/3.0 +Yh1=50.0 +Yh2=50.0 +Yh3=50.0 +Yh4=120.0 +Yh5=130.0 +Yh6=140.0 + +xc=(Ar*Xr+At*Xt+Ah*(Xh1+Xh2+Xh3+Xh4+Xh5+Xh6))/A + +printf("\n xc= %0.2f m",xc) + + +yc=(Ar*Yr+At*Yt+Ah*(Yh1+Yh2+Yh3+Yh4+Yh5+Yh6))/A + +printf("\n yc= %0.2f m",yc) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bd85cb19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// +Wa=1000.0 //weight of block a +Wb=2000.0 //weight of block b +uab=1.0/4.0 //coefficient of friction between A and B +ubg=1.0/3.0 //coefficient of friction between g and B + +//When P is horizontal +//considering equilibrium of block A +N1=Wa //Normal Reaction on block A from block B +F1=uab*N1 //limiting Friction between A and B +T=F1 //tension +//considering equilibrium of block B +N2=N1+ Wb //Normal Reaction on block B from G + +F2=ubg*N2 //limiting Friction between A and g + +P=F1+F2 +printf("\n P= %0.3f N",P) +//When P is inclined at angle o +o=30.0*3.14/180.0 +//considering equilibrium of block A +N1=Wa //Normal Reaction on block A from block B +F1=uab*N1 //limiting Friction between A and B +T=F1 //tension +//considering equilibrium of block B +//from +//N2+Psin30=N1+Wb +//Pcos30=F1+F2 +//F1=ubg*N2 +N2=(N1+Wb-F1*tan(o))/(1+ubg*tan(o)) +P=(N1+Wb-N2)/sin(o) +printf("\n P= %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6261d9690 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +l=6.0 //length of ladder +u1=0.4 //coefficient of friction between the wall and the ladder +w=200.0 //weight of ladder +u2=0.25 //coefficient of friction between floor and the ladder +wl=900.0 //weight of load +ll=5.0 //distance of load +//force balancing +//Na Nb normal reaction at A and B +//Fa Fb friction at A and B +//Fa=u2*Na +//Fb=u1*Nb +//Na+Fb=w+wl +//Fa=Nb +Nb=(wl+w)*u2/(1+u2*u1) +Na=Nb/u2 +Fa=u2*Na +Fb=u1*Nb +//sum of all moments about a is =0 +temp=((w*l*0.5)+(wl*ll)-(Fb*l))/(Nb*l) +o=atan(temp)*180/3.14 +printf("\n Angle of inclination is %0.3f degrees",o) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..259ca17f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +o=45.0*3.14/180.0 //angle of inclination +u=0.5 //coefficient of friction +r=1.5 //ratio of mans weight to ladders weight +o1=45.0*%pi/180.0 //angle of inclination +//from law of friction +//Fa = μNa +//Fb = μNb +//Fa – Nb = 0 +//Na + Fb = W + r W +//ΣMA = 0 +o=(((u*u+u)*(1+r)/((1+u)))-1.0/2.0)/r +printf("\n length will %0.3f times",o) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bee2a03f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +n=1.25 //number of turns +o=2*3.14*n //angle of contact +u=0.3 //coefficient of friction +t=600.0 //force at the other end of the rope +//if the impending motion of the weight be downward. +T2=t*%e**(u*o) +W=T2 +printf("Maximum weight is %f",W) +printf("\n answer in textbook is wrong") +//if the impending motion of weight be upwards +T1=t*%e**(-1*u*o) +W=T1 +printf("\n Minimum weight is %f",W) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..882e71c85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +ur=0.20 //The coefficient of friction between the rope and the fixed drum +uo=0.30 //The coefficient of friction between other surfaces +cosa=4.0/5.0 //cos of angle of inclination +sina=3.0/5.0 //sin of angle of inclination +Ww=1000.0 //weight +o=3.14 //angle of contact of rope with pulley +//for unknown weight +//force balance perpendicular to the plane +//N1 = W cos α +//fr=uoN1 +//force balance along the plane +//T1 = F1 + W sin α +//for 1000 N body +//force balance perpendicular to the plane +//N2=N1+Wwcosa +//fr2=uoN2 +//force balance along the plane +//T2= Wwsina -F1 -F2 +//T2=T1*e^(ur*o) +W=(Ww*sina-uo*Ww*cosa)/(((uo*cosa+sina)*(2.71**(uo*o)))+(uo*cosa+uo*cosa)) +printf("\n Weight is %0.3f N",W) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4eae92a1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +u=0.3 //coefficient of friction +r=250 //radius of brake drum +l=300 //length of lever arm +M=300000.0 //torque +o=r*3.14/180.0 +l2=50.0 +//using +//T2 = T1e^(μθ) T1 and T2 are tension +//(T2-T1)r=M +T1=M/(r*(2.71**(u*o)-1)) +T2=(2.71**(u*o))*T1 +//Consider the lever arm. Taking moment about the hinge +p=T2*l2/l //force P applied at the end of the brake lever +printf("force P applied at the end of the brake lever %0.3f N",p) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7a55c7a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +d1=500.0 //diameter of a shaft +d2=100.0 //diameter of a shaft +D=3000.0 //distance between shafts in mm +T=1000.0 //Maximum permissible tension in the belt +U=0.25 //coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley +R=220.0 //revlution per minute of larger shaft +//Length of belt = Arc length DC + Arc length FE + 2BG +O1=3.14+2*asin((d1+d2)/(2*D)) +L=(d1/2+d2/2)*O1+2*D*cos(asin((d1+d2)/(2*D))) +printf("\n Length of belt is %0.3f mm",L) +T1=T/(2.71**(U*O1)) +Velocity_of_the_belt =d1/2*(R*2*3.14/60.0) +Power_transmitted=(T-T1)*Velocity_of_the_belt +printf("\n Power Transmitted %0.3f Watt",Power_transmitted) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..381270730 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +d1=500.0 //diameter of a shaft +d2=100.0 //diameter of a shaft +D=3000.0 //distance between shafts in mm +T=1000.0 //Maximum permissible tension in the belt +U=0.25 //coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley +R=220.0 //revlution per minute of larger shaft +O1=3.14+2*asin((d1-d2)/(2*D)) +O2=3.14-2*asin((d1-d2)/(2*D)) +//Length of belt = Arc length DC + Arc length FE + 2BG +L=(d1/2*O1+d2/2*O2)+2*D*cos(asin((d1-d2)/(2*D))) +printf("\n Length of belt is %0.3f mm",L) +T1=T/(2.71**(U*O2)) +Velocity_of_the_belt =d1/2*(R*2*3.14/60.0) +Power_transmitted=(T-T1)*Velocity_of_the_belt +printf("\n Power Transmitted %0.3f Watt",Power_transmitted) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2aedc35b --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +Wa=300.0 //weight of upper block +Wb=900.0 //weight of lower block +u1=1.0/3.0 //coefficient of friction between upper block and lower block +u2=1.0/3.0 //coefficient of friction between g and lower block + +//using +//N1=Wacoso Normal Reaction +//F1=u1*N1 Friction +//N2=Wbcoso+N1 +//F2=u2*N2 +o=atan((u1*Wa+u2*Wb+u2*Wa)/Wb)*180/3.14 +printf("\n %0.3f °",o) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..284963ee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +W=500.0 //weight of block +F1=200.0 //force up the inclined plane when block is moving down +F2=300.0 //force up the inclined plane when block is at rest +//When block starts moving down the plane +//sum of all forces perpendicular to the plane = 0 +//N =Wcoso +//sum of all forces parallel to the plane = 0 +//Fr+F1=Wsino +//sino-ucoso=F1/w 1 +//When block starts moving up the plane +//sum of all forces perpendicular to the plane = 0 +//N =Wcoso +//sum of all forces parallel to the plane = 0 +//Wsino+Wucoso=F2 +//using these equations +o=asin((F1*0.5/W)+(F2*0.5/W)) //angle of inclination +printf("\n Angle of inclination is %0.3f ",o*180/3.14) +//using 1 +u=sin(o)-F1/W +printf("\n coefficient of friction is %0.3f ",u) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98f73d9b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +uag=0.5 //coefficient of friction between block A and the plane +ubg=0.2 //coefficient of friction between block B and the plane +Wb=500.0 //weight of block B +Wa=1000.0 //weight of block A +//Considering equilibrium of block A, +//sum of all forces along the plane is 0 +//N1=Wacoso ,Fr=uagN1 +//sum of all forces perpendicaular to the plane is 0 +//T=uagWacoso-Wasino +//Considering equilibrium of block A, +//sum of all forces along the plane is 0 +//N2=Wbcoso ,Fr=uagN2 +//sum of all forces perpendicaular to the plane is 0 +//T=Wbsino-ubgwbsino +o=atan((uag*Wa+ubg*Wb)/(Wa+Wb))*180.0/3.14 diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cff5d1ab8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +Wl=750.0 //weight of lower block +Wu=500.0 //weight of upper block +o1=60.0*3.14/180.0 //angle of inclined plane +o2=30.0 *3.14/180.0 // anlge at which pull is applied +u=0.2 //coefficient of friction +//for 750 N block +//Σ Forces normal to the plane = 0 +N1=Wl*cos(o1) +F1=u*N1 +//Σ Forces parallel to the plane = 0 +T=F1+Wl*sin(o1) +//Σ Forces horizontal to the plane = 0 +P=(T+u*Wu)/(cos(o2)+u*sin(o2)) +printf("\n %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56751a264 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +o1=60.0*3.14/180.0 //angle of inclination of plane AC +o2=30.0*3.14/180.0 //angle of inclination of plane BC +Wbc=1000.0 //weight of block on plane BC +ubc=0.28 //coefficient of friction between the load and the plane BC +uac=0.20 //coefficient of friction between the load and the plane AC +//for least weight +N1=Wbc*cos(o2) //Normal Reaction +F1=ubc*N1 //frictional Force +T=Wbc*sin(o2)-F1 //Tension +//for block on plane AC +//N2=Wcoso1 +//F2=uac*N2 +//T=F2+W sino2 +W=T/(uac*cos(o1)+sin(o1)) +printf("\n Least Weight is %0.3f N",W) +//for greatest weight +N1=Wbc*cos(o2) //Normal Reaction +F1=ubc*N1 //frictional Force +T=Wbc*sin(o2)+F1 //Tension +//for block on plane AC +//N2=Wcoso1 +//F2=uac*N2 +//T=F2+W sino2 +W=T/(-1*uac*cos(o1)+sin(o1)) +printf("\n Greatest Weight is %0.3f N",W) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9781c9674 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +u=0.4 //The coefficient of friction on the horizontal plane +oi=30 //angle of inclined plane +o=20.0 //The limiting angle of friction for block B on the inclined plane +wb=5000.0 //weight of block b +ub=tan(o*3.14/180.0) //coefficcient of friction on plane +//for block B +//N1 N2 N3 are normal reaction +//F1 F2 are frictional forces +//F1=ub*N1 +//N1 sinoi + F1 cos oi=wb +N1=wb/(sin(oi*3.14/180.0)+ub*cos(oi*3.14/180.0)) +F1=ub*N1 +C=N1*cos(oi*3.14/180.0)-F1*sin(oi*3.14/180.0) + +//force balance on A in horizontal balance +F2=C +N2=F2/u +//force balance on A in vertical balance +W=N2 +printf("\n Weight %0.3f N",W) diff --git a/3862/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3862/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a20ff3285 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +w=20000.0 //weight of upper block +o=15.0 //The angle of friction for all surfaces of contact +u=tan(o) //coefficient of friction +//R1 R2 are forces +Or1=15.0 //angle force R1 makes with x axis +Or2=35.0 //angle force R2 makes with Y axis +R2=w*sin((90-Or1)*3.14/180.0)/sin((90+Or1+Or2)*3.14/180.0) +//applyig lamis theorem on block B +Or1=15.0 //angle force R3 makes with Y axis +Or2=35.0 //angle force R2 makes with Y axis +P=R2*sin((180-Or1-Or2)*3.14/180.0)/sin((90+Or1)*3.14/180.0) +printf("\n Force = %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72f566c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +W = 10000.0 //Load +P = 500.0 //Effort +D = 20.0 //Distance moved by the effort +d = 0.8 //Distance moved by the load +MA=W/P //Mechanical advantage +VR=D/d //Velocity Ratio +Efficiency=MA/VR +Pi =W/VR //Ideal effort +Wi = P*VR //ideal load +efl=P-Pi //Effort lost in friction +Fr=Wi-W //frictional resistance +printf(" Mechanical advantage-- %0.3f",MA) +printf("\n Velocity Ratio %0.3f",VR) +printf("\n Efficiency %0.3f",Efficiency) +printf("\n Ideal Load %0.3f",Wi) +printf("\n Ideal Effort %0.3f",Pi) +printf("\n Effort lost in friction %0.3f",efl) +printf("\n frictional resistance %0.3f",Fr) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..204e86659 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +// +W = 2500.0 //Load +N1=2.0 //number of movable pulleys in system 1 in figure B +N2=2.0 //number of movable puleys in system 2 in figure C +VR=2**N1-1+2**N2-1 //Velocity Ratio +Efficiency=0.70 +MA=Efficiency*VR //Mechanical advantage +P = W/MA //Effort +printf("\n Effort is %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea7601285 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +D=500.0 //diameter of the wheel +d=200.0 //diameter of axle +tcw=6.0 //thickness of the cord on the wheel +tca=20.0 //thickness of the cord on the axle +W=1200 //effort +ED=D+tcw //Effective diameter of the wheel +Ed=d+tca //Effectivediameter of axle +VR=ED/Ed //Velocity Ratio +Efficiency=0.7 +MA=Efficiency*VR //Mechanical advantage +P = W/MA //Effort +printf("\n Effort is %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38e254ee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +D=800.0 //diameter of the wheel +d1=250.0 //diameter of axle 1 +d2=300.0 //diameter of axle 2 + +W=20000.0 //effort + +VR=(2*D)/(d2-d1) //Velocity Ratio +Efficiency=0.55 +MA=Efficiency*VR //Mechanical advantage +P = W/MA //Effort +printf("\n Effort is %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0cee86d44 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +D=500.0 //diameter of the wheel +d=200.0 //diameter of axle + +W=5000.0 //effort + +VR=(2*D)/(D-d) //Velocity Ratio +Efficiency=0.6 +MA=Efficiency*VR //Mechanical advantage +P = W/MA //Effort +printf("\n Effort is %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d9d7fdae --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clear +D=40.0 //Screw diameter +l=20.0 //Screw lwngth +p=l/3.0 //Lead of the screw +W=40000.0 //effort +R = 400 //Lever length +u = 0.12 //coefficient of friction between screw and nut +P = (D/(2*R))*W*((u+(p/(3.14*D)))/(1-u*(p/(3.14*D)))) //Effort +printf("\n Effort is %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7badb22ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +// +p1=5.0 //Pitch of smaller screw +p2=10.0 //Pitch of larger screw +R=500.0 //Lever arm length from centre of screw +W=15000.0 //Load +P=185.0 //Effort +VR=2*3.14*R/(p2-p1) //Velocity Ratio +MA=W/P //Mechanical advantage +Efficiency=MA/VR*100.0 + +printf("\n Efficiency %0.3f percentage",Efficiency) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b82fd0e3d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +d=200.0 //Diameter of the load drum +R = 1200.0 // Length of lever arm +T1 = 10.0 //Number of teeth on pinion, +T2 = 100.0 //Number of teeth on spur wheel +VR=R*T2/(d*T1)*2.0 //Velocity Ratio +printf("\n Velocity Ratio is %0.3f",VR) +W1 = 3000.0 //Load 1 +P1= 100.0 //Effort1 + +W2 = 9000.0 //Load 2 +P2= 160.0 //Effort2 + +//law of machine is given by P=mW+C +m=(P2-P1)/(W2-W1) +C=P2-m*W2 +printf("\n Law of machine is P= %0.3f W + %0.3f ",m,C) +MA=W1/P1 //Mechanical advantage +Efficiency=MA/VR*100.0 +printf("\n Efficiency for first case %0.3f percentage",Efficiency) +MA=W2/P2 //Mechanical advantage +Efficiency=MA/VR*100.0 + +printf("\n Efficiency for second case %0.3f percentage",Efficiency) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21c3fe117 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +d=150.0 //Diameter of the load drum +R = 400.0 // Length of lever arm +T1 = 15.0 //Number of teeth on pinion, +T3 = 20.0 //Number of teeth on pinion, +T2 = 45.0 //Number of teeth on spur wheel +T4 = 40.0 //Number of teeth on spur wheel +P= 250.0 //Effort +Efficiency=0.4 +VR=R*T2/(d*T1)*2.0*T4/T3 //Velocity Ratio + +W=VR*Efficiency*P //Load + +printf("\n LOad %0.3f N",W) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..809d5f09d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +W1 = 2400.0 //Load 1 +P1= 150.0 //Effort1 + +W2 = 3000.0 //Load 2 +P2= 180.0 //Effort2 +P3= 200.0 //Effort3 +//law of machine is given by P=mW+C +m=(P2-P1)/(W2-W1) +C=P2-m*W2 +printf("\n Law of machine is P= %0.3f W + %0.3f ",m,C) +W3=(P3-C)/m //Load 2 +printf("\n Load is %0.3f N",W3) +MA=W3/P3 //Mechanical advantage +VR=30.0 //Velocity Ratio +Efficiency=MA/VR*100 +Pi =W3/VR //Ideal effort +printf("\n Ideal effort is %0.3f N",Pi) + +efl=P3-Pi //Effort lost in friction + +printf("\n Effort lost in friction %0.3f",efl) +printf("\n Efficiency %0.3f",Efficiency) +printf("\n Mechanical advantage-- %0.3f",MA) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6f89678f --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +W1 = 7700.0 //Load 1 +P1= 150.0 //Effort1 +MA=W1/P1 //Mechanical advantage +printf("\n Mechanical advantage-- %0.3f",MA) + +Efficiency=0.6 +VR=MA/Efficiency //Velocity Ratio +W2 = 13200.0 //Load 2 +P2= 250.0 //Effort2 +MA=W2/P2 +Efficiency=MA/VR*100 +//law of machine is given by P=mW+C +m=(P2-P1)/(W2-W1) + + +MMA=1/m //Maximum Mechanical advantage + +MaxEfficiency=MMA/VR*100 + +printf("\n Velocity Ratio %0.3f",VR) +printf("\n Efficiency %0.3f",Efficiency) +printf("\n Maximum Mechanical advantage-- %0.3f",MMA) +printf("\n Maximum Efficiency %0.3f",MaxEfficiency) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09efd610f --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +// +W = 12000.0 //Load +N=3.0 //number of movable pulleys +VR=2*N //Velocity Ratio +L=0.05 //Efficiency loss in each pulley +Efficiency=0.85 +MA=Efficiency*VR //Mechanical advantage +P = W/MA //Effort +printf("\n Effort is %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b60127654 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +// +W = 12000.0 //Load +N1=2.0 //number of movable pulleys in system 1 +N2=2.0 //number of movable puleys in system 2 +VR=2*N1+2*N2 //Velocity Ratio +L=0.05 //Efficiency loss in each pulley +Efficiency=0.78 +MA=Efficiency*VR //Mechanical advantage +P = W/MA //Effort +printf("\n Effort is %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3862/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1722bfd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +W = 1000.0 //Load +N=3.0 //number of pulleys +VR=2**N-1 //Velocity Ratio +P = 180.0 //Effort +MA=W/P //Mechanical advantage +Efficiency=MA/VR*100 +Pi =W/VR //Ideal effort + +efl=P-Pi //Effort lost in friction +printf("\n Efficiency %0.3f",Efficiency) +printf("\n Effort lost in friction %0.3f",efl) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5268249f --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P=(40000) //Load,N +E=(200000) //Modulus of elasticity for steel,N/mm^2 +L=500 //length of circular rod,mm +d=(16) //diameter of rod,mm + +A=(%pi*((d**2)))/4 //sectional area** mm^2 +p=P/A //stress, N/mm^2 +e=p/E //strain +delta=(P*L)/(A*E) //Elongation,mm + +printf("\n sectional area= %0.2f mm^2",A) +printf("\n stress= %0.2f N/mm^2",p) +printf("\n strain= %0.10f ",e) +printf("\n Elongation= %0.3f mm",delta) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f97272901 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P=(200) //loading,KN +E=200*1000 +d1=40 //Young's modulus,N/mm^2 +A= %pi*(d1**2)/4 //Area of uniform portion**mm^2 +L1=1500 //length of uniform portion,mm +d2=60 //diameter of tapered section,mm +L2=500 //length of tapered section,mm +//Extensions of uniform portion and tapering portion are worked out separately and then added to get extension of the given bar. + +//Extension of uniform portion + +delta1=(P*1000*L1)/(A*E) + +printf("\n delta1= %0.3f mm",delta1) + +delta2=(P*1000*4*L2)/(E*%pi*d1*d2) + +printf("\n delta2= %0.3f mm",delta2) + +T=delta1 + delta2 +printf("\n Total extension %0.3f mm",T) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64318da59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P=(60) //load,KN +d=(25) //diameter,mm +A=%pi*(d**2)/4 //Area**mm^2 +L=(200) //gauge length,mm + +delta=0.12 //extension,mm +deltad=0.0045 //contraction in diameter,mm +Linearstrain=delta/L +Lateralstrain=deltad/d + +Pr=Lateralstrain/Linearstrain + +printf("\n Poissons ratio= %0.1f ",Pr) + +E=(P*1000*L)/(A*delta) + +printf("\n E= %0.2f N/mm^2",E) + +G=E/(2*(1+Pr)) //Rigidity modulus + +printf("\n G= %0.1f N/mm^2",G) + +K=E/(3*(1-(2*Pr))) //bulk modulus + +printf("\n K= %0.2f N/mm^2",K) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cd35001f --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +E=(2*100000) //Young's modulus,N/mm^2 +Pr=(0.3) //poisson's ratio + +G=E/(2*(1+Pr)) //Rigidity modulus + +K=E/(3*(1-2*(Pr))) //Bulk modulus + +printf("\n G= %0.1f N/mm^2",G) + +printf("\n K= %0.2f N/mm^2 ", K) + +P=60 //Load,kN +A=%pi*(25**2)/4 //Area**mm^2 + +Stress=P*1000/A //N/mm^2 +//Linear strain,ex + +ex=Stress/E + +//Lateralstrain,ey,ez + +ey=-1*Pr*ex +ez=-1*Pr*ex + +//volumetric strain,ev=ex+ey+ez + +ev=ex+ey+ez + +v=%pi*(25**2)*500/4 +Changeinvolume=ev*v + +printf("\n change in volume %0.2f mm^3",Changeinvolume) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f49987ab --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clear +//variable declaration +// Let the x, y, z be the mutually perpendicular directions + +pr=(0.3) +PX=(15) //Loading in x-direction,KN +PY=(80) //Loading in Y-direction(compressive),KN +PZ=(180) //Loading in Z-direction,KN + +//Area in X-,Y-,Z-Direction is AX,AY,AZ respectively,mm^2 + +AX=(10*30) +AY=(10*400) +AZ=(30*400) + +//stress devoloped in X-,Y-,Z- direction as px,py,pz respectively,N/mm^2 + +px=PX*1000/AX +py=PY*1000/AY +pz=PZ*1000/AZ + +//Noting that a stress produces a strain of p/E in its own direction, the nature being same as that of stress and µ p E in lateral direction of opposite nature, and taking tensile stress as +ve, we can write expression for strains ex, ey, ez. +E=2*100000 //young's modulus,N/mm^2 + +ex=(px/E)+(pr*py/E)-(pr*pz/E) +ey=(-pr*px/E)-(py/E)-(pr*pz/E) +ez=(-pr*px/E)+(pr*py/E)+(pz/E) + +ev=ex+ey+ez //Volumetric strain + +volume=10*30*400 + +Changeinvolume=ev*volume + +printf("\n Change in volume= %0.2f mm^3",Changeinvolume) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a444c31bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +E=(2.1*100000) //Young’s modulus of the material,N/mm^2 +G=(0.78*100000) //modulus of rigidity,N/mm^2 + +pr=(E/(2*G))-1 + +printf("\n poissons Ratio= %0.3f ",pr) + +K=E/(3*(1-2*pr)) + +printf("\n Bulk modulus= %0.3f N/mm^2",K) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2be3a616a --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +G=(0.4*100000) //modulus of rigidity of material,N/mm^2 +K=(0.8*100000) //bulk modulus,N/mm^2 + +E=(9*G*K)/(3*K+G) + + +printf("\n Youngs modulus= %0.3f N",E) + +pr=(E/(2*G))-1 + +printf("\n Poissons Ratio %0.4f ",pr) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.19/Ex8_19.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.19/Ex8_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..506660ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.19/Ex8_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +L=(600) //compound bar of length,mm +P=(60) //compound bar when axial tensile force ,KN + +Aa=(40*20) //area of aluminium strip,mm^2 +As=(60*15) //area of steel strip,mm^2 + +Ea=1*100000 // elastic modulus of aluminium,N/mm^2 +Es=2*100000 // elastic modulus of steel,N/mm^2 + +//load shared by aluminium strip be Pa and that shared by steel be Ps. Then from equilibrium condition Pa+Ps=P +//From compatibility condition, deltaAL=deltaS +Pa=(P*1000)/(1+((As*Es)/(Aa*Ea))) +Ps=Pa*((As*Es)/(Aa*Ea)) + +Sias=Pa/Aa +printf("\n Stress in aluminium strip= %0.2f N/mm^2",Sias) +Siss=Ps/As +printf("\n Stress in steel strip= %0.2f N/mm^2",Siss) + +L=600 +//Extension of the compound bar +deltal=(Pa*L)/(Aa*Ea) +printf("\n Extension of the compound bar= %0.3f mm",deltal) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f8d1fb8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +P=(120) // force applied during measurement,N +E=(200000) //Modulus of elasticity for steel,N/mm^2 +L=(30) //length of Surveyor’s steel tape,mm + + +A=15*0.75 //area, mm^2 +delta=((P*L*1000)/(A*E)) //Elongation,mm + +printf("\n area= %0.2f mm^2",A) +printf("\n Elongation= %0.3f mm",delta) + +printf("\n Hence, if measured length is %0.3f m.", L) +printf("\n Actual length is %0.6f m",(L+(delta/1000))) + +printf("\n Actual length of line AB= %0.3f m.",(150*(L+(delta/1000))/30)) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.20/Ex8_20.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.20/Ex8_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8800b01b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.20/Ex8_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +Es=(2*100000) //Young's modulus of steel rod ,N/mm^2 +Ec=(1.2*100000) //Young's modulus of copper tube,N/mm^2 + +di=(25) //internal diameter,mm +de=(40) //external diameter,mm + +As=%pi*(di**2)/4 //Area of steel rod**mm^2 +Ac=%pi*((de**2)-(di**2))/4 //Area of copper tube**mm^2 +P=120 //load, KN +//From equation of equilibrium, Ps+Pc=P,where Ps is the load shared by steel rod and Pc is the load shared by the copper tube. +//From compatibility condition,deltaS=deltaC + +Pc=(P*1000)/(1+((As*Es)/(Ac*Ec))) +Ps=Pc*((As*Es)/(Ac*Ec)) + +SIC=Pc/Ac //stress in copper, N/mm^2 +SIS=Ps/As //stress in steel,N/mm^2 + +printf("\n stress in Copper= %0.2f N/mm^2",SIC) +printf("\n stress in Steel= %0.2f N/mm^2",SIS) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.21/Ex8_21.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.21/Ex8_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c7a1f805 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.21/Ex8_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration +//Es/Ec=18(given) +Er=(18) //young modulus ratio Er=Es/Ec +d=(16) //steel bar diameter,mm +//8 steel bars +As=8*%pi*(d**2)/4 //Area of steel bar**mm^2 +Ac=(300*500)-As //Area of concrete,mm^2 + +P=800 //Compressive force, KN +//From equation of equilibrium, Ps+Pc=P,where Ps is the load shared by steel bar and Pc is the load shared by the Concrete +//From compatibility condition,deltaS=deltaC + +Pc=(P*1000)/(1+((As*Er)/(Ac))) +Ps=Pc*((As*Er)/(Ac)) + +SIC=Pc/Ac //stress in Concrete, N/mm^2 +SIS=Ps/As //stress in steel,N/mm^2 + +printf("\n stress in Concrete= %0.2f N/mm^2",SIC) +printf("\n stress in Steel= %0.2f N/mm^2",SIS) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.22/Ex8_22.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.22/Ex8_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c4014752 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.22/Ex8_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +Es=(2*100000) //Young's modulus of steel ,N/mm^2 +Ea=(1*100000) //Young's modulus of aluminium,N/mm^2 +Ls=240 //length of steel,mm +La=160 //length of aluminium,mm +Aa=1200 //Area of aluminium,mm^2 +As=1000 //Area of steel,mm^2 +P=250 //load, KN +//From equation of equilibrium, Ps+2Pa=P,et force shared by each aluminium pillar be Pa and that shared by steel pillar be Ps. +//From compatibility condition,deltaS=deltaC + +Pa=(P*1000)/(2+((As*Es*La)/(Aa*Ea*Ls))) +Ps=Pa*((As*Es*La)/(Aa*Ea*Ls)) + +SIA=Pa/Aa //stress in aluminium, N/mm^2 +SIS=Ps/As //stress in steel,N/mm^2 + +printf("\n stress in Aluminium= %0.2f N/mm^2",SIA) +printf("\n stress in Steel= %0.2f N/mm^2",SIS) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.23/Ex8_23.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.23/Ex8_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2911ca612 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.23/Ex8_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +// Let the force shared by bolt be Ps and that by tube be Pc. Since there is no external force, static equilibrium condition gives Ps + Pc = 0 or Ps = – Pc i.e., the two forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in nature. Obviously bolt is in tension and tube is in compression. +//Let the magnitude of force be P. Due to quarter turn of the nut + +//[Note. Pitch means advancement of nut in one full turn] + +Ls=(600) //length of whole assembly,mm +Lc=(600) //length of whole assembly,mm +delta=(0.5) +ds=(20) //diameter,mm +di=(28) //internal diameter,mm +de=(40) //external diameter,mm +Es=(2*100000) //Young's modulus, N/mm^2 +Ec=(1.2*100000) +As=%pi*(ds**2)/4 //area of steel bolt**mm^2 +Ac=%pi*((de**2)-(di**2))/4 //area of copper tube**mm^2 + +P= (delta*(1/Ls))/((1/(As*Es))+(1/(Ac*Ec))) //Load,N + +ps=P/As //stress,N/mm^2 +pc=P/Ac //copper,N/mm^2 + +printf("\n ps= %0.2f N/mm^2",ps) +printf("\n pc= %0.2f N/mm^2",pc) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.24/Ex8_24.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.24/Ex8_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16fa6bc55 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.24/Ex8_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clear +//variable declaration +E=(2*100000) //Young's modulus,N/mm^2 +alpha=(0.000012) //expansion coeffecient,/°c +L=(12) //length,m +t=(40-18) //temperature difference,°c + +delta=alpha*t*L*1000 //free expansion of the rails,mm +// Provide a minimum gap of 3.168 mm between the rails, so that temperature stresses do not develop + +// a) If no expansion joint is provided, free expansion prevented is equal to 3.168 mm + +//delta=(P*L)/(A*E) & p=P/A where p is stress, P,A is load,area + +p1=(delta*E)/(L*1000) //stress developed , N/mm^2 + +printf("\n (a) p= %0.1f N/mm^2",p1) + +//(b) If a gap of 1.5 mm is provided, free expansion prevented delta2 = 3.168 – 1.5 = 1.668 mm. + +delta2=1.668 //mm +//delta2=(P*L)/(A*E) & p=P/A where p is stress, P,A is load,area + +p2=(delta2*E)/(L*1000) //stress developed , N/mm^2 + +printf("\n (b) p= %0.1f N/mm^2",p2) + +// If the stress developed is 20 N/mm2, then p = P/ A +p3=20 //stress developed,N/mm^2 +delta3=delta-(p3*L*1000/E) + +printf("\n (iii) delta= %0.3f mm",delta3) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.26/Ex8_26.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.26/Ex8_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56ebcca94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.26/Ex8_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +Ea=70*1000 //Young's modulus of aluminium,N/mm^2 +Es=200*1000 //Young's modulus of steel,N/mm^2 + +alphaa=(0.000011) //expansion coefficient,/°C +alphas=(0.000012) //expansion coefficient,/°C + +Aa=600 //Area of aluminium portion,mm^2 +As=400 //Area of steel, mm^2 +La=(1.5) //length of aluminium portion,m +Ls=(3.0) //length of steel portion,m +t=18 //temperature,°C + +delta=(alphaa*t*La*1000)+(alphas*t*Ls*1000) //mm + +P=(delta)/(((La*1000)/(Aa*Ea))+((Ls*1000)/(As*Es))) + +printf("\n P= %0.1f N",P) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.27/Ex8_27.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.27/Ex8_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a119b6d77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.27/Ex8_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +d1=(25) // variation linearly in diameter from 25 mm to 50 mm +d2=(50) +L=(500) //length,mm +alpha=(0.000012) //expansion coeffecient,/°C +t=25 //rise in temperture,°C +E=2*100000 //Young's modulus,N/mm^2 + +delta=alpha*t*L + +//If P is the force developed by supports, then it can cause a contraction of 4*P*L/(%pi*d1*d2*E) + +P=(delta*%pi*d1*d2*E)/(4*L) +Am=%pi*(d1**2)/4 +Ms=P/Am + +printf("\n Corresponding maximum stress = %0.1f N/mm^2",Ms) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.28/Ex8_28.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.28/Ex8_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9511fb9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.28/Ex8_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +Db=(20) //diameter of brass rod,mm +Dse=(40) //external diameter of steel tube,mm +Dsi=(20) //internal diameter of steel tube,mm +Es=(2*100000 ) //Young's modulus steel, N/mm^2 +Eb=(1*100000 ) //Young's modulus brass, N/mm^2 +alphas=(0.0000116) //coeffcient of expansion of steel,/°C +alphab=(0.0000187) //coeffcient of expansion of brass,/°C +t=60 //raise in temperature, °C +As=%pi*((Dse**2)-(Dsi**2))/4 //Area of steel tube** mm^2 +Ab=%pi*((Db**2))/4 //Area of brass rod**mm^2 +L=1200 //length,mm +//Since free expansion of brass is more than free expansion of steel , compressive force Pb develops in brass and tensile force Ps develops in steel to keep the final position at CC + +//Horizontal equilibrium condition gives Pb = Ps, say P. + +P=((alphab-alphas)*t*L)/((L/(As*Es))+(L/(Ab*Eb))) + +ps=P/As +pb=P/Ab + +printf("\n stress in steel= %0.2f N/mm^2",ps) +printf("\n Stress in brass= %0.2f N/mm^2",pb) + +//the pin resist the force P at the two cross- sections at junction of two bars. + +Shearstress=P/(2*Ab) +printf("\n Shear stress in pin %0.2f N/mm^2",Shearstress) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.29/Ex8_29.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.29/Ex8_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e832dde3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.29/Ex8_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +L=(1000) //length of the bar at normal temperature,mm +As=(50*10) //Area of steel,mm^2 +Ac=(40*5) //Area of copper,mm^2 +//Ac = Free expansion of copper is greater than free expansion of steel . To bring them to the same position, tensile force Ps acts on steel plate and compressive force Pc acts on each copper plate. +alphas=(0.000012) //Expansion of coeffcient of steel,/°C +alphac=(0.000017 ) //Expansion of coeffcient of copper,/°C +t=80 //raise by temperature, °C +Es=2*100000 //Young's modulus of steel,N/mm^2 +Ec=1*100000 //Young's modulus of copper,N/mm^2 +Pc=((alphac-alphas)*t*L)/((2*L/(As*Es)) +(L/(Ac*Ec))) +Ps=2*Pc + +pc=Pc/Ac //Stress in copper,N/mm^2 +ps=Ps/As //Stress in steel, N/mm^2 + +Changeinlength=alphas*t*L+(Ps*L/(As*Es)) + + +printf("\n Change in length= %0.2f mm",Changeinlength) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a33b10123 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +Y=(250) //Yield stress, N/mm^2 +FOS=(1.75) //Factor of safety +P=(160) //Load,KN + +p=Y/FOS + +printf("\n Therefore, permissible stress") + +printf("\n p= %0.3f N/mm^2 ",p) +printf("\n Load P= %0.3f N",P*1000) + +//p=P/A + +A=P*1000/p //area,mm^2 + +printf("\n A= %0.0f mm^2",A) + +//For hollow section of outer diameter ‘D’ and inner diameter ‘d’ A=%pi*(D^2-d^2)/4 +D=(101.6) //outer diameter,mm + +d=sqrt((D**2)-(4*A/%pi)) + +printf("\n d= %0.2f mm",d) + +t=(D-d)/2 +printf("\n t= %0.2f mm",t) + +printf("\n Hence, use of light section is recommended.") + diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.30/Ex8_30.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.30/Ex8_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23541ca6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.30/Ex8_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +p=(2) //internal pressure, N/mm^2 +t=12 //thickness of thin cylinder,mm +D=(1000) //internal diameter,mm + +f=(p*D)/(2*t) //Hoop stress,N/mm^2 + +printf("\n Hoop stress f= %0.2f N/mm^2",f) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b85cefc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +d=(20) //Diameter ,mm +Loadatelasticlimit=(102) //Load at elastic limit,KN +P=80 //Load for extension of o.25mm , KN +delta=(0.25) //extension in specimen of steel,mm +L=200 //gauge length of specimen of steel,mm +Finalextension=(56) //total extension at fracture,mm + + +A=(%pi*(d**2))/4 //Area**mm^2 +printf("\n Area= %0.2f mm^2",A) + +Stressatelasticlimit=Loadatelasticlimit*1000/A //Stress at elastic limit,N/mm^2 +printf("\n Stress at elastic limit= %0.2f N/mm^2",Stressatelasticlimit) + +E=(P*1000/A)/(delta/L) //Young’s modulus ,N/mm^2 +printf("\n Youngs modulus E= %0.2f N/mm^22",E) + +Percentageelongation=Finalextension*100/L //percentage elongation,% +printf("\n Percentage elongation= %0.3f percentage",Percentageelongation ) + +Initialarea=(%pi*(d**2))/4 + +Finalarea=(%pi*(15**2))/4 // total extension at fracture is 56 mm and diameter at neck is 15 mm. +Percentagereductionina=(Initialarea-Finalarea)*100/Initialarea + +printf("\n Percentage reduction in area= %0.3f percentage",Percentagereductionina ) + +UltimateLoad=130 //Maximum Load=130,kN +UltimateTensileStress=UltimateLoad*1000/A + +printf("\n Ultimate Tensile Stress= %0.2f N/mm^2",UltimateTensileStress) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd677a9cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P=(40) //Load,KN +L1=150 //length of 1st portion,mm +A1=%pi*(25**2)/4 //Area of 1st portion**mm^2 +L2=250 //length of 2nd portion,mm +A2=%pi*(20**2)/4 //Area of 2nd portion**mm^2 +L3=150 //length of 3rd portion,mm +A3=%pi*(25**2)/4 //Area of 3rd portion**mm^2 + +//E,Young's modulus ,N/mm^2 + +//Total extension= Extension of portion 1+Extension of portion 2+Extension of portion 3 + +//Extension=(P*1000*L)/(A*E) + +E=((P*1000*L1/A1)+(P*1000*L2/A2)+(P*1000*L3/A3))/0.28 + +printf("\n E= %0.2f N/mm^2",E) diff --git a/3862/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3862/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12c961f0b --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +P=(30) //Load,KN +L1=600 //length of 1st portion,mm +A1=40*20 //Area of 1st portion,mm^2 + +E1=200000 // material 1 Young’s modulus,N/mm^2 + +E2=100000 // material 2 Young’s modulus,N/mm^2 + + +L2=800 //length of 2nd portion,mm +A2=30*20 //Area of 2nd portion,mm^2 + +Extensionofportion1=(P*1000*L1)/(A1*E1) //mm +Extensionofportion2=(P*1000*L2)/(A2*E2) //mm + +Totalextensionofthebar= Extensionofportion1 + Extensionofportion2 + +printf("\n Total extension of the bar= %0.4f mm",Totalextensionofthebar) diff --git a/3862/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3862/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c3b111e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +//summation of all horizontal forces is zero & vertical forces is zero. +P1=(10) //Vertical down Load at 4m from A,KN +P2=(15) //Inclined down Load at angle 30° at 6m from A,KN +P3=(20) //Inclined down Load at angle 45° at 10m from A,KN +theta2=30 +theta3=45 +//horizontal,vertical component at A is Ha,Va respectively. + +Ha=P2*cos(theta2*%pi/180)+P3*cos(theta3*%pi/180) +Rb=(P1*4+P2*6*sin(theta2*%pi/180)+P3*10*sin(theta3*%pi/180))/12 //reaction at B point,KN + +printf("\n RB= %0.4f KN",Rb) + +//now vertical component +Va=P2*sin(theta2*%pi/180)+P3*sin(theta3*%pi/180)+P1-Rb + +Ra=sqrt((Ha**2)+(Va**2)) + +printf("\n RA= %0.4f KN",Ra) + +alpha=(atan(Va/Ha))*180/%pi + +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",alpha) diff --git a/3862/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3862/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0162a26c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +//summation of all horizontal forces is zero & vertical forces is zero. +P1=(60) //inclined down to right Load at angle 60 at 1m from A,KN +P2=(80) //Inclined down to left Load at angle 75° at 3m from A,KN +P3=(50) //Inclined down to left Load at angle 60° at 5.5m from A,KN +theta1=60 +theta2=75 +theta3=60 +thetaRb=60 +//horizontal,vertical component at A is Ha,Va respectively. + +Rb=(P1*1*sin(theta1*%pi/180)+P2*3*sin(theta2*%pi/180)+P3*5.5*sin(theta3*%pi/180))/(6*sin(thetaRb*%pi/180)) //reaction at B point,KN +Ha=-P1*cos(theta1*%pi/180)+P2*cos(theta2*%pi/180)-P3*cos(theta3*%pi/180)+Rb*cos(thetaRb*%pi/180) +printf("\n RB= %0.4f KN",Rb) + +//now vertical component +Va=P1*sin(theta1*%pi/180)+P2*sin(theta2*%pi/180)+P3*sin(theta3*%pi/180)-Rb*sin(thetaRb*%pi/180) + +Ra=sqrt((Ha**2)+(Va**2)) + +printf("\n RA= %0.4f KN",Ra) + +alpha=(atan(Va/Ha))*180/%pi + +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",alpha) diff --git a/3862/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3862/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1eb307d46 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// + +//variable declaration + +//summation of all horizontal forces is zero & vertical forces is zero. +P1=(20) //vertical down Load at 2m from A,KN +P2=(30) //uniform distributed load from 2m to 6m from A,KN/m(in 4m of span) +P3=(60) //Inclined down to right Load at angle 45° at 7m from A,KN + +theta3=45 +//horizontal,vertical component at B is Hb,Vb respectively. + +Ra=(P1*7+P2*4*5+P3*2*sin(theta3*%pi/180))/(9) //reaction at B point,KN + +printf("\n RA= %0.4f KN",Ra) + +Hb=P3*cos(theta3*%pi/180) +printf("\n HB= %0.4f KN",Hb) +//now vertical component +Vb=P1+P2*4+P3*sin(theta3*%pi/180)-Ra +printf("\n VB= %0.4f KN",Vb) + +Rb=sqrt((Hb**2)+(Vb**2)) + +printf("\n RB= %0.4f KN",Rb) + +alpha=(atan(Vb/Hb))*180/%pi + +printf("\n alpha= %0.2f °",alpha) diff --git a/3862/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3862/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9563245b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//variable declaration +//Let the reactions at A be Ha, Va and Ma +//summation of all horizontal forces is zero & vertical forces is zero. + +P1=(20) //vertical down Load at 2m from A,KN +P2=(12) //vertical down Load at 3m from A,KN +P3=(10) //vertical down Load at 4m from A,KN +Pu=(16) //uniform distributed load from A to 2m from A,KN/m(in 2m of span) +////horizontal,vertical component at A is Ha,Va respectively. +printf("\n no horizontal force HA=0") +Va=Pu*2+P1+P2+P3 +printf("\n VA= %0.2f KN",Va) +Ma=Pu*2*1+P1*2+P2*3+P3*4 +printf("\n MA= %0.2f KN-m",Ma) diff --git a/3862/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3862/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..250cf900d --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//variable declaration +//Let the reactions at A be Va and Ma +//summation of all horizontal forces is zero & vertical forces is zero. + +P1=(15) //vertical down Load at 3m from A,KN +P2=(10) //vertical down Load at 5m from A,KN +M=(30) //CW moment at 4m distance from A, KN-m +Pu=(20) //uniform distributed load from A to 2m from A,KN/m(in 2m of span) +////horizontal,vertical component at A is Ha,Va respectively. +printf("\n no horizontal force HA=0") +Va=Pu*2+P1+P2 +printf("\n VA= %0.2f KN",Va) +Ma=Pu*2*1+P1*3+P2*5+M +printf("\n MA= %0.2f KN-m",Ma) diff --git a/3862/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3862/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d9c4a4b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +//As supports A and B are simple supports and loading is only in vertical direction, the reactions RA and RB are in vertical directions only. + +//summation of all horizontal forces is zero & vertical forces is zero. + +P1=(30) //vertical down Load at 1m from A,KN +P2=(40) //vertical down Load at 6.5m from A,KN +Pu=(20) //uniform distributed load from 2m to 5m from A,KN/m(in 3m of span). + +Rb=(Pu*3*3.5+P1*1+P2*6.5)/5 +printf("\n RB= %0.2f KN",Rb) +Ra=Pu*3+P1+P2-Rb +printf("\n RA= %0.2f KN",Ra) diff --git a/3862/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce b/3862/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a650583f --- /dev/null +++ b/3862/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +//variable declaration + +//summation of all horizontal forces is zero & vertical forces is zero. + +//Let the left support C be at a distance x metres from A. + +P1=(30) //vertical down load at A,KN +Pu=(6) //uniform distributed load over whole span,KN/m,(20m of span) +P2=(50) //vertical down load at B, KN + +//Rc=Rd(given) reaction at C & D is equal. + +Rc=(P1+P2+Pu*20)/2 +Rd=Rc + +//taking moment at A +x=(((Pu*20*10+P2*20)/100)-12)/2 + +printf("\n X= %0.2f m",x) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89f476e26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=150 //Length of the rod in cm +D=20 //Diameter of the rod in mm +P=20*10**3 //Axial pull in N +E=2.0e5 //Modulus of elasticity in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +A=(%pi/4)*(D**2) //Area in sq.mm + //case (i):stress +sigma=P/A //Stress in N/sq.mm + //case (ii):strain +e=sigma/E //Strain + //case (iii):elongation of the rod +dL=e*L //Elongation of the rod in cm + +//Result +printf("\n Stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) +printf("\n Strain = %0.6f ",e) +printf("\n Elongation = %0.4f cm",dL) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5059bfc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +D1=40 //Larger diameter in mm +D2=20 //Smaller diameter in mm +L=400 //Length of rod in mm +P=5000 //Axial load in N +E=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +dL=((4*P*L)/(%pi*E*D1*D2)) //extension of rod in mm + +//Result +printf("\n Extension of the rod = %0.3f mm",dL) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..deb4a4610 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +D1=30 //Larger diameter in mm +D2=15 //Smaller diameter in mm +L=350 //Length of rod in mm +P=5.5*10**3 //Axial load in N +dL=0.025 //Extension in mm + +//Calculation +E=int((4*P*L)/(%pi*D1*D2*dL)) //Modulus of elasticity in N/sq.mm + +//Result +printf("\n Modulus of elasticity,E = %.5eN/mm^2",E) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3636286c --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=2.8*10**3 //Length in mm +t=15 //Thickness in mm +P=40*10**3 //Axial load in N +a=75 //Width at bigger end in mm +b=30 //Width at smaller end in mm +E=2e5 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +dL=((((P*L)/(E*t*(a-b)))*((log(a)-log(b))))) //extension of rod in mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Extension of the rod,dL = %0.3f mm",dL) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f0fb9f97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +dL=0.21 //Extension in mm +L=400 //Length in mm +t=10 //Thickness in mm +a=100 //Width at bigger end in mm +b=50 //Width at smaller end in mm +E=2e5 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +P=int(dL/(((L)/(E*t*(a-b)))*((log(a)-log(b)))))*1e-3 //Axial load in kN + + +//Result +printf("\n Axial load = %0.3f kN",P) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c95c74ef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//variable declaration +P=4000 //Load in N +sigma=95 //Stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +D=(sqrt(P/((%pi/4)*(sigma)))) //Diameter of steel wire in mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Diameter of a steel wire = %0.3f mm",D) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30b18e069 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +Di_s=140 //Internal diameter of steel tube in mm +De_s=160 //External diameter of steel tube in mm +Di_b=160 //Internal diameter of brass tube in mm +De_b=180 //External diameter of brass tube in mm +P=900e3 //Axial load in N +L=140 //Length of each tube in mm +Es=2e5 //Youngs modulus for steel in N/sq.mm +Eb=1e5 //Youngs modulus for brass in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +As=(%pi/4*(De_s**2-Di_s**2)) //Area of steel tube in sq.mm + +Ab=(%pi/4*(De_b**2-Di_b**2)) //Area of brass tube in sq.mm + +sigmab=(P/(2*As+Ab)) //Stress in steel in N/sq.mm + +sigmas=2*sigmab //Stress in brass in N/sq.mm +Pb=int(sigmab*Ab)*1e-3 //Load carried by brass tube in kN +Ps=(P*1e-3)-(Pb) //Load carried by steel tube in kN +dL=(sigmab/Eb*(L)) //Decrease in length in mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Stress in brass = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmab) +printf("\n Stress in steel = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmas) +printf("\n Load carried by brass tube = %0.3f kN",Pb) +printf("\n Load carried by stress tube = %0.3f kN",Ps) +printf("\n Decrease in the length of the compound tube= %0.3f mm",dL) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28bce8d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=2*10**2 //Length of rod in cm +T1=10 //Initial temperature in degree celsius +T2=80 //Final temperature in degree celsius +E=1e5*10**6 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.m +alpha=0.000012 //Co-efficient of linear expansion + +//Calculation +T=T2-T1 //Rise in temperature in degree celsius +dL=alpha*T*L //Expansion of the rod in cm +sigma=int((alpha*T*E)*1e-6) //Thermal stress in N/sq.mm + +//Result +printf("\n Expansion of the rod = %0.3f cm",dL) +printf("\n Thermal stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abb347fc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +d=3*10 //Diameter of the rod in mm +L=5*10**3 //Area of the rod in sq.mm +T1=95 //Initial temperature in degree celsius +T2=30 //Final temperature in degree celsius +E=2e5*10**6 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.m +alpha=12e-6 //Co-efficient of linear expansion in per degree celsius + +//Calculation +A=%pi/4*(d**2) //Area of the rod +T=T1-T2 //Fall in temperature in degree celsius + +//case(i) When the ends do not yield +stress1=int(alpha*T*E*1e-6) //Stress in N/sq.mm +Pull1=(stress1*A) //Pull in the rod in N + + +//case(ii) When the ends yield by 0.12cm +delL=0.12*10 +stress2=int((alpha*T*L-delL)*E/L*1e-6) //Stress in N/sq.mm +Pull2=(stress2*A) //Pull in the rod in N + + +//Result +printf("\n Stress when the ends do not yield = %0.3f N/mm^2",stress1) +printf("\n Pull in the rod when the ends do not yield = %0.3f N",Pull1) +printf("\n Stress when the ends yield = %0.3f N/mm^2",stress2) +printf("\n Pull in the rod when the ends yield = %0.3f N",Pull2) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d869ed89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +D=25 //Diameter of brass rod in mm +P=50*10**3 //Tensile load in N +L=250 //Length of rod in mm +dL=0.3 //Extension of rod in mm + +//Calculation +A=(%pi/4)*(D**2) //Area of rod in sq.mm +sigma=(P/A) //Stress in N/sq.mm + +e=dL/L //Strain +E=(sigma/e) //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.m + +//Result +printf("\n Youngs Modulus of a rod,E = %0.3f GN/m^2",E*(10**-3)) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9afac61f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +Ds=20 //Diameter of steel rod in mm +Di_c=40 //Internal diameter of copper tube in mm +De_c=50 //External diameter of copper tube in mm +Es=200*10**3 //Youngs modulus of steel in N/sq.mm +Ec=100*10**3 //Youngs modulus of copper in N/sq.mm +alpha_s=12e-6 //Co-efficient of linear expansion of steel in per degree celsius +alpha_c=18e-6 //Co-efficient of linear expansion of copper in per degree celsius +T=50 //Rise of temperature in degree celsius + +//Calculation +As=(%pi/4)*(Ds**2) //Area of steel rod in sq.mm +Ac=(%pi/4)*(De_c**2-Di_c**2) //Area of copper tube in sq.mm +sigmac=(((alpha_c-alpha_s)*T)/(((Ac/As)/Es)+(1/Ec))) //Compressive stress in copper +sigmas=(sigmac*(Ac/As)) //Tensile stress in steel + + +//Result +printf("\n Stress in copper = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmac) +printf("\n Stress in steel = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmas) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..395352333 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +Dc=15 //Diameter of copper rod in mm +Di_s=20 //Internal diameter of steel in mm +De_s=30 //External diameter of steel in mm +T1=10 //Initial temperature in degree celsius +T2=200 //Raised temperature in degree celsius +Es=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus of steel in N/sq.mm +Ec=1e5 //Youngs modulus of copper in N/sq.mm +alpha_s=11e-6 //Co-efficient of linear expansion of steel in per degree celsius +alpha_c=18e-6 //Co-efficient of linear expansion of copper in per degree celsius + +//Calculation +Ac=(%pi/4)*Dc**2 //Area of copper tube in sq.mm +As=(%pi/4)*(De_s**2-Di_s**2) //Area of steel rod in sq.mm +T=T2-T1 //Rise of temperature in degree celsius +sigmas=(((alpha_c-alpha_s)*T)/(((As/Ac)/Ec)+(1/Es))) + +sigmac=(sigmas*(As/Ac)) + + +//Result +printf("\n NOTE: The answers in the book for stresses are wrong.The correct answers are,") +printf("\n Stress in steel = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmas) +printf("\n Stress in copper = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmac) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a41ec9c9e --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +Dg=20 //Diameter of gun metal rod in mm +Di_s=25 //Internal diameter of steel in mm +De_s=30 //External diameter of steel in mm +T1=30 //Temperature in degree celsius +T2=140 //Temperature in degree celsius +Es=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus of steel in N/sq.mm +Eg=1e5 //Youngs modulus of gun metal in N/sq.mm +alpha_s=12e-6 //Co-efficient of linear expansion of steel in per degree celsius +alpha_g=20e-6 //Co-efficient of linear expansion of gun metal in per degree celsius + +//Calculation +Ag=(%pi/4)*Dg**2 //Area of gun metal in sq.mm +As=(%pi/4)*(De_s**2-Di_s**2) //Area of steel in sq.mm +T=T2-T1 //Fall in temperature in degree celsius +sigmag=(((alpha_g-alpha_s)*T)/(((Ag/As)/Es)+(1/Eg))) + +sigmas=(sigmag*(Ag/As)) + + +//Result +printf("\n Stress in gun metal rod = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmag) +printf("\n Stress in steel = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmas) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b30c10bf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=600e3 //Axial load in N +L=20e3 //Length in mm +w=0.00008 //Weight per unit volume in N/sq.mm +A2=400 //Area of bar at lower end in sq.mm + +//Calculation +sigma=int(P/A2) //Uniform stress on the bar in N/sq.mm +A1=(A2*(%e^((w*L/sigma)))) + +//Result +printf("\n Area of the bar at the upper end = %0.3f mm^2",A1) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6106d966 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable Declaration +D=3 //Diameter of the steel bar in cm +L=20 //Gauge length of the bar in cm +P=250 //Load at elastic limit in kN +dL=0.21 //Extension at a load of 150kN in mm +Tot_ext=60 //Total extension in mm +Df=2.25 //Diameter of the rod at the failure in cm + +//Calculation +A=((%pi/4)*(D**2)) //Area of the rod in sq.m + + +//case (i):Youngs modulus +e=((150*1000)/(7.0685)) //stress in N/sq.m + +sigma=dL/(L*10) //strain +E=((e/sigma)*(10**-5)) //Youngs modulus in GN/sq.m + + +//case (ii):stress at elastic limit +stress=int(((P*1000)/A))*1e-2 //stress at elastic limit in MN/sq.m + + +//case (iii):percentage elongation +Pe=(Tot_ext*1e2)/(L*10) + +//case (iv):percentage decrease in area +Pd=(D**2-Df**2)/D**2*1e2 + + +//Result +printf("\n NOTE:The Youngs Modulus found in the book is incorrect.The correct answer is,") +printf("\n Youngs modulus,E = %0.3f GN/m^2",E) +printf("\n Stress at the elastic limit,Stress = %0.3f MN/m^2",stress) +printf("\n Percentage elongation = %d%%",Pe) + +printf("\n Percentage decrease in area = %.2f%%",Pd) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..024d60832 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +sigma=125*10**6 //Safe stress in N/sq.m +P=2.1*10**6 //Axial load in N +D=0.30 //External diameter in m + +//Calculation + +d=(sqrt((D**2)-P*4/(%pi*sigma)))*1e2 //internal diameter in cm + + +//Result +printf("\n internal diameter = %0.3f cm",d) diff --git a/3863/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3863/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b76750860 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +stress=480 //ultimate stress in N/sq.mm +P=1.9*10**6 //Axial load in N +D=200 //External diameter in mm +f=4 //Factor of safety + +//Calculation +sigma=stress/f //Working stress or Permissable stress in N/sq.mm +d=sqrt((D**2)-((P*4)/(%pi*sigma))) //internal diameter in mm + +//Result +printf("\n internal diameter = %0.3f mm",d) diff --git a/3863/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce b/3863/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c4b532e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +// +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +h=20 //height in m +D=4 //External diameter in m +d=2 //Internal diameter in m +p=1 //Horizontal wind pressure in kN/sq.m +w=22 //specific weight in kN/m^3 +K=2/3 //Co-efficient of wind resistance + +//Calculation +A1=(%pi/4)*(D**2-d**2) //Area of cross-section +W=w*A1*h //Weigth of the chimney in kN +sigma0=W/A1 //Direct stress in kN/sq.mm +A2=D*h //Projected area of the surface exposed to wind in sq.m +F=K*p*A2 //Wind Force in kN +M=F*h/2 //Bending moment in kNm +I=(%pi/64)*(D**4-d**4) //Moment of inertia +y=D/2 //Distance between C.G. of the base section and extreme edge of the base +Z=I/y //Section modulus +sigmab=M/Z //Bending stress +sigma_max=(sigma0+sigmab) //Maximum stress in kN/sq.m + +sigma_min=(sigma0-sigmab) //Minimum stress in kN/sq.m + + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum stress = %0.3f kN/m^2",sigma_max) +printf("\n Minimum stress = %0.3f kN/m^2",sigma_min) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52e25e1a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=6*1000 //Length in mm +W=50*1000 //Point load in N +I=78e6 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2.1e5 //Young's modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +yc=((W*L**3)/(48*E*I)) //The deflection at the centre in mm + +thetaB=((180/%pi)*((W*L**2)/(16*E*I))) //The slope at the supports + + +//Result +printf("\n Deflection at the centre = %0.3f mm",yc) +printf("\n NOTE:The answer given for slope at the support is wrong.The correct answer is,") +printf("\n Slope at the support = %0.3f degree",thetaB) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cdd152ddc --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=4*1000 //Length in mm + +//Calculation +thetaA=((%pi/180)*(1)) //Slope at the ends in radians + +yc=(thetaA*(L/3)) //Deflection at the centre in mm + +//Result +printf("\n Deflection at the centre = %0.3f mm",yc) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5accbe7e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=3*1000 //Length in mm + +//Calculation +thetaA=((%pi/180)*(1)) //Slope at the ends in radians + +yc=(thetaA*(L/3)) //Deflection at the centre in mm + +//Result +printf("\n Deflection at the centre = %0.3f mm",yc) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..365ae9017 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=5*1000 //Length in mm +W=5*1000 //Point load in N +a=3*1000 //Distance between point load and left end in mm +E=2e5 //Young's modulus in N/sq.mm +I=1e8 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 + +//Calculation +b=L-a //Width in mm +//case(i):The slope at the left support +thetaA=-(W*a*b)/(6*E*I*L)*(a+2*b) +//case(iii): The deflection under the load +yc=(W*a**2*b**2)/(3*E*I*L) +//case(iii):The maximum deflection +y_max=((W*b)/(9*sqrt(3)*E*I*L)*(((a**2)+(2*a*b))**(3/2))) + + +//Result +printf("\n slope at the left support = %0.3f radians",thetaA) +printf("\n Deflection under the load = %0.3f mm",yc) +printf("\n Maximum deflection = %0.3f mm",y_max) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49f9db2c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +b=200 //Width in mm +d=300 //Depth in mm +L=5*1000 //Span in mm +L_star=5 //Span in m +w=9*1000 //Uniformly distributed load in N/m +E=1e4 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +W=w*L_star //Total load in N +I=b*d**3/12 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 + +//case(i):the slope at the support +thetaA=(-(W*(L**2))/(24*E*I)) + + +//case(ii):maximum deflection +yc=(W*L**3)/(E*I)*(5/384) + +//Result +printf("\n Slope at the support = %0.3f radians",-thetaA) +printf("\n Maximum deflection = %0.3f mm",yc) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37772c289 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=5*1000 //Length in mm +L_star=5 //Length in m +w=9 //Uniformly distributed load in kN/m +f=7 //Bending stress in N/sq.mm +E=1e4 //Young's modulus in N/sq.mm +yc=10 //Central deflection in mm + +//Calculation +W=w*L_star*1e3 //Total load in N +bd3=((W*(L**3)*12*5)/(E*yc*384)) //width X depth^3 in mm^4 +M=(W*L/8) //Maximum bending moment in Nmm +bd2=(M*12/(f*2)) //width X depth^2 in mm^3 + +d=(bd3/bd2) //Depth of beam in mm + +b=(M*12/(f*2)/d**2) //Width of beam in mm + +//Result +printf("\n Depth of beam = %0.3f mm",d) +printf("\n Width of beam = %0.3f mm",b) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7eb5a2292 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=5*1000 //Length in mm +f=8 //Bending stress in N/sq.mm +yc=10 //Central deflection in mm +E=1.2e4 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +d=((5*L**2*(f*2*8))/(E*384*yc)*1e-1) //Depth of beam in cm + + +//Result +printf("\n Depth of beam = %0.3f cm",d) diff --git a/3863/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce b/3863/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5784a1e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=6*1000 //Length in mm +W=40*1000 //Point load in N +a=4*1000 //Distance of point load from left support in mm +I=7.33e7 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in sq.mm + +//Calculation +b=L-a //Width of beam in mm +yc=(-(W*a**2*b**2)/(3*E*I*L)) //Deflection under the load in mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Deflection under the load = %0.3f mm",yc) diff --git a/3863/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3863/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97e4f1c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=3*1000 //Length in mm +W=25*1000 //Point load in N +I=1e8 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +//case(i):Slope of the cantilever at the free end +thetaB=((W*(L**2))/(2*E*I)) + +//case(ii):Deflection at the free end +yB=((W*L**3)/(E*I*3)) + + +//Result +printf("\n Slope at the free end = %0.3f rad",thetaB) +printf("\n Deflection at the free end = %0.3f mm",yB) diff --git a/3863/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce b/3863/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..441d324ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=4*1000 //Length in mm +w=50 //load at fixed end in N/mm +I=1e8 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +//case(i):Slope at the free end +thetaB=(-(w*(L**3))/(24*E*I)) + +//case(ii):Deflection at the free end +yB=((w*L**4)/(E*I*30)) + + +//Result +printf("\n Slope at the free end = %0.3f rad",-thetaB) +printf("\n Deflection at the free end = %0.3f mm",yB) diff --git a/3863/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3863/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0102fca2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=3*1000 //Length in mm +W=50*1000 //Point load in N +a=2*1000 //Distance between the load and fixed end in mm +I=1e8 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +//case(i):Slope at the free end +thetaB=(W*(a**2))/(2*E*I) +//case(ii):Deflection at the free end +yB=(((W*a**3)/(E*I*3))+((W*(a**2))/(2*E*I)*(L-a))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Slope at the free end = %0.3f rad",thetaB) +printf("\n Deflection at the free end = %0.3f mm",yB) diff --git a/3863/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3863/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..509a35042 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=2.5*1000 //Length in mm +w=16.4 //Uniformly distributed load in kN/m +I=7.95e7 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +W=w*L //Total load in N +yB=((W*L**3)/(E*I*8)) //Deflection at the free end in mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Deflection at the free end = %0.3f mm",yB) diff --git a/3863/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/3863/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cdc581f9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +b=120 //Width in mm +d=200 //Depth in mm +L_star=2.5 //Length in m +L=2.5*1000 //Length in mm +yB=5 //Deflection at free end in mm +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +I=(b*d**3)/12 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +w=(yB*8*E*I)/(L**3*L_star)/1e3 //Uniformly distributed load in N/m + +//Result +printf("\n Uniformly distributed load = %0.3f kN/m",w) diff --git a/3863/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/3863/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..713bb0da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=3*1000 //Length in mm +w=10 //Uniformly distributed load in N/mm +a=2*1000 //Length of Uniformly distributed load from fixed end in mm +I=1e8 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +//case(i):Slope at the free end +thetaB=(w*(a**3))/(6*E*I) +//case(ii):Deflection at the free end +yB=(((w*a**4)/(E*I*8))+((w*(a**3))/(6*E*I)*(L-a))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Slope at the free end = %0.3f rad",thetaB) +printf("\n Deflection at the free end = %0.3f mm",yB) diff --git a/3863/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/3863/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e916e3048 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=3*1000 //Length in mm +w=10 //Uniformly distributed load in N/mm +a=2*1000 //Length of Uniformly distributed load from fixed end in mm +I=1e8 //Moment of Inertia in mm^4 +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +//case(i):Slope at the free end +thetaB=(((w*(L**3))/(6*E*I))-((w*((L-a)**3))/(6*E*I))) + +//case(ii):Deflection at the free end +yB=(((w*L**4)/(E*I*8))-(((w*(L-a)**4)/(8*E*I))+((w*(L-a)**3)/(6*E*I)*a))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Slope at the free end = %0.3f rad",thetaB) +printf("\n Deflection at the free end = %0.3f mm",yB) diff --git a/3863/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3863/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28049627a --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +D=150 //Diameter of the shaft in mm +tau=45 //Maximum shear stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +T=int(%pi/16*tau*D**3)*1e-3 //Maximum torque transmitted by the shaft in N-m + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum torque = %0.3f N-m",T) diff --git a/3863/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce b/3863/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01881dc79 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=75e3 //Power transmitted in W +N=200 //R.P.M of the shaft +tau=70 //Shear stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +T=P*60/(%pi*2*N)*1e3 //Mean Torque transmitted in Nmm +Tmax=1.3*T //Maximum Torque transmitted in Nmm +D=((16*Tmax/(%pi*tau))**(1/3)) //Suitable diameter of the shaft in mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Diameter of the shaft = %d mm",D) + diff --git a/3863/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce b/3863/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf8ac4757 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=300e3 //Power transmitted in W +N=80 //speed of the shaft in r.p.m +tau=60 //Maximum shear stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +T=P*60/(%pi*2*N)*1e3 //Mean Torque transmitted in Nmm +Tmax=1.4*T //Maximum Torque transmitted in Nmm +D=((16*Tmax/(%pi*tau))**(1/3)) //Suitable diameter of the shaft in mm + +Do=(((Tmax*16)/(%pi*tau*(1-0.6**4)))**(1/3)) //External diameter of hollow shaft in mm + +Di=0.6*Do //Internal diameter of hollow shaft in mm + +//Result +printf("\n External diameter of hollow shaft = %d mm",Do) + +printf("\n Internal diameter of hollow shaft = %d mm",Di) + diff --git a/3863/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3863/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd2ad92f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +Do=200 //Outer diameter in mm +Di=100 //Inner diameter in mm +tau=40 //Maximum shear stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +T=int(((%pi)/16*tau*((Do**4-Di**4)/Do)))*1e-3 //Maximum torque transmitted by the shaft in Nm + + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum torque transmitted by the shaft = %0.3f Nm",T) diff --git a/3863/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce b/3863/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40aa960c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +Do=120 //External diameter in mm +P=300*1000 //Power in W +N=200 //Speed in r.p.m +tau=60 //Maximum shear stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +T=((P*60)/(2*%pi*N))*1e3 //Torque transmitted in Nmm + +Di=(((Do**4)-((T*16*Do)/(%pi*tau)))**(1/4)) //Maximum internal diameter in mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum Internal diameter = %0.3f mm",Di) diff --git a/3863/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce b/3863/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76322bace --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +D=15*10 //Diameter of shaft in mm +P=150*1e3 //Power transmitted in W +N=180 //Speed of shaft in r.p.m + +//Calculation +T=(P*60)/(2*%pi*N)*1e3 //Torque transmitted in Nmm +tau=int((16*T)/(%pi*D**3)) //Maximum shear stress in N/sq.mm + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum shear stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",tau) diff --git a/3863/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce b/3863/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac09cb3a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=300*1000 //Power in W +N=100 //Speed in r.p.m +tau=80 //Maximum shear stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +//case(a): +T=(P*60)/(2*%pi*N)*1e3 //Torque transmitted in Nmm +D=(((16*T)/(%pi*tau))**(1/3)) //Diameter of solid shaft in mm + +//case(b): +Do=(((T*16)/(%pi*tau*(1-0.6**4)))**(1/3)) //External diameter of hollow shaft in mm + +Di=0.6*Do //Internal diameter of hollow shaft in mm +Per=(D**2-(Do**2-Di**2))/(D**2)*100 //Percentage saving in weight + +//Result +printf("\n Diameter of solid shaft = %0.3f mm",D) +printf("\n Percentage saving in weight = %.2f%%",Per) + diff --git a/3863/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3863/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5042378b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=4*(10**3) //Length of the bar in mm +b=30 //Breadth of the bar in mm +t=20 //Thickness of the bar in mm +P=30*(10**3) //Axial pull in N +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm +mu=0.3 //Poisson's ratio + +//Calculation +A=b*t //Area of cross-section in sq.mm +long_strain=P/(A*E) //Longitudinal strain +delL=long_strain*L //Change in length in mm +lat_strain=mu*long_strain //Lateral strain +delb=b*lat_strain //Change in breadth in mm +delt=t*lat_strain //Change in thickness in mm + +//Result +printf("\n change in length = %0.3f mm",delL) +printf("\n change in breadth = %0.3f mm",delb) +printf("\n change in thickness = %0.3f mm",delt) diff --git a/3863/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3863/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6e708904 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +E=1.2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm +C=4.8e4 //Modulus of rigidity in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +mu=(E/(2*C))-1 //Poisson's ratio +K=int(E/(3*(1-2*mu))) //Bulk modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Result +printf("\n Bulk modulus = %.0e N/mm^2",K) + diff --git a/3863/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3863/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b1190ccc --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +A=8*8 //Area of section in sq.mm +P=7000 //Axial pull in N +Ldo=8 //Original Lateral dimension in mm +Ldc=7.9985 //Changed Lateral dimension in mm +C=0.8e5 //modulus of rigidity in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +lat_strain=(Ldo-Ldc)/Ldo //Lateral strain +sigma=P/A //Axial stress in N/sq.mm +mu=(1/((sigma/lat_strain)/(2*C)-1)) //Poisson's ratio + +E=((sigma/lat_strain)/((sigma/lat_strain)/(2*C)-1)) //Modulus of elasticity in N/sq.mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Modulus of elasticity = %.4e N/mm^2",E) + diff --git a/3863/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3863/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41d9815d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=30 //Length in cm +b=4 //Breadth in cm +d=4 //Depth in cm +P=400*(10**3) //Axial compressive load in N +delL=0.075 //Decrease in length in cm +delb=0.003 //Increase in breadth in cm + +//Calculation +A=(b*d)*1e2 //Area of cross-section in sq.mm +long_strain=delL/L //Longitudinal strain +lat_strain=delb/b //Lateral strain +mu=lat_strain/long_strain //Poisson's ratio +E=int((P)/(A*long_strain)) //Youngs modulus + +//Result +printf("\n Youngs modulus = %.e N/mm^2",E) + diff --git a/3863/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3863/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a842e901 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=4000 //Length of the bar in mm +b=30 //Breadth of the bar in mm +t=20 //Thickness of the bar in mm +mu=0.3 //Poisson's ratio +delL=1.0 //delL from problem 2.1 + +//Calculation +ev=(delL/L)*(1-2*mu) //Volumetric strain +V=L*b*t //Original volume in mm^3 +delV=ev*V //Change in volume in mm^3 +F=int(V+delV) //Final volume in mm^3 + +//Result +printf("\n Final volume = %0.3f mm^3",F) diff --git a/3863/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3863/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e63751f21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=300 //Length in mm +b=50 //Width in mm +t=40 //Thickness in mm +P=300*10**3 //Pull in N +E=2*10**5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm +mu=0.25 //Poisson's ratio + +//Calculation +V=L*b*t //Original volume in mm^3 +Area=b*t //Area in sq.mm +stress=P/Area //Stress in N/sq.mm +ev=(stress/E)*(1-2*mu) //Volumetric strain +delV=int(ev*V) //Change in volume in mm^3 + +//Result +printf("\n Change in volume = %0.3f mm^3",delV) diff --git a/3863/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3863/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3ad4cb5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=5*10**3 //Length in mm +d=30 //Diameter in mm +P=50*10**3 //Tensile load in N +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm +mu=0.25 //Poisson's ratio + +//Calculation +V=int(((%pi*d**2*L)/4)) //Volume in mm^3 + +e=P*4/(%pi*(d**2)*E) //Strain of length +delL=(e*L) //Change in length in mm + +lat_strain=(mu*(e)) //Lateral strain + +deld=lat_strain*d //Change in diameter in mm +delV=(V*(0.0003536-(2*lat_strain))) //Change in volume in mm^3 + + +//Result +printf("\n Change in length = %0.3f mm",delL) +printf("\n Change in diameter = %0.3f mm",deld) +printf("\n Change in volume = %0.3f mm^3",delV) diff --git a/3863/CH24/EX24.10/Ex24_10.sce b/3863/CH24/EX24.10/Ex24_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..494d7c28e --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH24/EX24.10/Ex24_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=9*1000 //Axial pull in N +F=4.5*1000 //Shear force in N +sigmat_star=225 //Elastic limit in tension in N/sq.mm +Sf=3 //Factor of safety +mu=0.3 //Poisson's ratio +sigma3=0 //third principle stress + +//Calculation +sigmat=sigmat_star/Sf +sigma=(P/(%pi/4)) +tau=(F/(%pi/4)) +sigma1=((tau)+int((sqrt((sigma/2)**2+tau**2)))) + +sigma2=((tau)-int((sqrt((sigma/2)**2+tau**2)))) + +d=(((((sigma1-sigma2)**2+(sigma2-sigma3)**2+(sigma3-sigma1)**2)/(2*(sigmat**2)))**(1/4))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Diameter of the bolt = %0.3f mm",d) diff --git a/3863/CH24/EX24.12/Ex24_12.sce b/3863/CH24/EX24.12/Ex24_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..933c2f32f --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH24/EX24.12/Ex24_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +d=1.2 //Diameter in m +p=1.5 //Internal pressure in MN/sq.m +sigmat_star=200 //Yield stress in MN/sq.m +Sf=3 //Factor of safety + +//Calculation +sigmat=sigmat_star/Sf //Permissible stress in simple tension in MN/sq.m + +//case(i):Thickness on the basis of Maximum principal stress theory +t1=((p*d)/2)/sigmat*1e3 + +//case(ii):Thickness on the basis of Maximum shear stress theory +t2=((p*d)/2)/sigmat*1e3 + +//case(iii):Thickness on the basis of Maximum shear strain energy theory +t3=(sqrt((((p*d/2)**2)+((p*d/4)**2)-((p*d/2)*(p*d/4)))/(sigmat**2))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Thickness of plate on the basis of maximum principal stress theory = %0.3f mm ",t1) +printf("\n Thickness of plate on the basis of maximum shear stress theory = %0.3f mm ",t2) +printf("\n Thickness of plate on the basis of maximum shear strain energy theory = %0.3f mm ",t3) diff --git a/3863/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3863/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..658228413 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +sigma1=120 //Major tensile stress in N/sq.mm +sigma2=-90 //Minor compressive stress in N/sq.mm +sigma_gp=150 //Greatest principal stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation + //case(a):Magnitude of the shearing stresses on the two planes +tau=(sqrt(((sigma_gp-((sigma1+sigma2)/2))**2)-(((sigma1-sigma2)/2)**2))) + + //case(b):Maximum shear stress at the point +sigmat_max=int((sqrt((sigma1-sigma2)**2+(4*tau**2)))/2) + +//Result +printf("\n Shear stress on the two planes = %0.3f N/mm^2",tau) +printf("\n Maximum shear stress at the point = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmat_max) diff --git a/3863/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3863/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38a814b8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +sigma1=600 //Major tensile stress in N/sq.mm +sigma2=300 //Minor tensile stress in N/sq.mm +tau=450 //Shear stress in N/sq.mm +theta1=45 //Angle of inclination in degrees +theta2=135 //Angle of inclination in degrees + +//Calculation +sigman1=int(((sigma1+sigma2)/2)+(((sigma1-sigma2)/2)*cos((%pi/180)*(2*theta1)))+(tau*sin((%pi/180)*(2*theta1)))) +sigman2=int(((sigma1+sigma2)/2)+(((sigma1-sigma2)/2)*cos((%pi/180)*(2*theta2)))+(tau*sin((%pi/180)*(2*theta2)))) +sigmat1=int(((sigma1-sigma2)/2*(sin((%pi/180)*(2*theta1)))-(tau*cos((%pi/180)*(2*theta1))))) + +sigmat2=int(((sigma1-sigma2)/2*(sin((%pi/180)*(2*theta2)))-(tau*cos((%pi/180)*(2*theta2))))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Normal stress(when theta is 45 degrees)= %0.3f N/mm^2",sigman1) +printf("\n Normal stress(when theta is 135 degrees)= %0.3f N/mm^2",sigman2) +printf("\n Tangential stress(when theta is 45 degrees)= %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmat1) +printf("\n Tangential stress(when theta is 135 degrees)= %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmat2) diff --git a/3863/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3863/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c4c4b647 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +sigma1=100 //Major principal stress in N/sq.mm +sigma2=-60 //Minor principal stress in N/sq.mm +theta=90-50 //Angle of inclination in degrees + +//Calculation +sigman=(((sigma1+sigma2)/2)+(((sigma1-sigma2)/2)*cos((%pi/180)*(2*theta)))) + +sigmat=((sigma1-sigma2)/2*(sin((%pi/180)*(2*theta)))) + +sigmaR=(sqrt(sigman**2+sigmat**2)) + +sigmat_max=int((sigma1-sigma2)/2) + +//Result +printf("\n Normal stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigman) +printf("\n Shear stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmat) +printf("\n Resultant stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmaR) +printf("\n Maximum shear stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmat_max) diff --git a/3863/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3863/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8aacb78f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +sigma1=100 //Major principal stress in N/sq.mm +sigma2=-40 //Minor principal stress in N/sq.mm +theta=90-60 //Angle of inclination in degrees + +//Calculation +sigman=((sigma1+sigma2)/2)+(((sigma1-sigma2)/2)*cos((%pi/180)*(2*theta))) +sigmat=((sigma1-sigma2)/2*(sin((%pi/180)*(2*theta)))) + +sigmaR=(sqrt(sigman**2+sigmat**2)) + +sigmat_max=int((sigma1-sigma2)/2) +phi=int((180/%pi)*(atan(sigmat/sigman))) + +//Result +printf("\n Resultant stress in magnitude = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmaR) +printf("\n Direction of resultant stress = %0.3f degrees",phi) +printf("\n Maximum shear stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigmat_max) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc43c5926 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=60*10**3 //Load in N +d=4*10 //diameter in mm +L=5*10**3 //Length of rod in mm +E=2e5 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.mm + + +//Calculation +A=(%pi/4)*d**2 //Area in sq.mm +V=int(A*L) //Volume of rod in cubic.mm +//case (ii):stress in the rod +sigma=(P/A) //stress in N/sq.mm + + +//case (i):stretch in the rod +x=((sigma/E)*L) //stretch or extension in mm + + +//case (iii):strain energy absorbed by the rod +U=((sigma**2/(2*E)*V))*1e-3 //strain energy absorbed by the rod in Nm + + + +//Result +printf("\n stress in the rod = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) +printf("\n stretch in the rod = %0.3f mm",x) +printf("\n strain energy absorbed by the rod = %0.3f N-m",U) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..997208cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=100 //Impact load in N +h=2*10 //Height in mm +L=1.5*1000 //Length of bar in mm +A=1.5*100 //Area of bar in sq.mm +E=2e5 //Modulus of elasticity in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +V=A*L //Volume in mm^3 +//case(i):Maximum instantaneous stress induced in the vertical bar +sigma=((P/A)*(1+(sqrt(1+((2*E*A*h)/(P*L)))))) + +//case(ii):Maximum instantaneous elongation +delL=(sigma*L/E) + +//case(iii):Strain energy stored in the vertical rod +U=(sigma**2/(2*E)*V*1e-3) + + +//Result +printf("\n NOTE:The answer in the book for instantaneous stress is incorrect.The correct answer is,") +printf("\n Maximum instantaneous stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) +printf("\n Maximum instantaneous elongation = %0.3f mm",delL) +printf("\n Strain energy = %0.3f N-m",U) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24af8f5fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +delL=2.1 //Instantaneous extension in mm +L=3*10**3 //Length of bar in mm +A=5*100 //Area of bar in mm +h=4*10 //Height in mm +E=2e5 //Modulus of elasticity in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +V=A*L //Volume of bar in mm^3 + +//case(i):Instantaneous stress induced in the vertical bar +sigma=int(E*delL/L) + +//case(ii):Unknown weight +P=(((sigma**2)/(2*E)*V)/(h+delL)) + + +//Result +printf("\n Instantaneous stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) +printf("\n Unknown weight = %0.3f N",P) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4540ae77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +d=12 //Diameter of bar in mm +delL=3 //Increase in length in mm +W=8000 //Steady load in N +P=800 //Falling weight in N +h=8*10 //Vertical distance in mm +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +A=((%pi/4)*d**2) //Area of bar in sq.mm + +L=(E*A*delL/W) //Length of the bar in mm + +sigma=((P/A)*(1+(sqrt(1+((2*E*A*h)/(P*L)))))) + +sigma=(sigma) //Stress produced by the falling weight in N/sq.mm + +//Result +printf("\n Stress produced by the falling weight = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..731aa56c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +d=12.5 //Diameter of the rod in mm +delL=3.2 //Increase in length in mm +W=10*1000 //Steady load in N +P=700 //Falling load in N +h=75 //Falling height in mm +E=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +A=((%pi/4)*d**2) //Area of rod in sq.mm + +L=(E*A*delL/W) //Length of the rod in mm + +sigma=((P/A)*(1+(sqrt(1+((2*E*A*h)/(P*L)))))) //Stress produced by the falling weight in N/mm^2 + + +//Result +printf("\n NOTE:The given answer for stress is wrong.The correct answer is,") +printf("\n Stress = %.2f N/mm^2",sigma) + diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28208b0b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=1.82*1000 //Length of rod in mm +h1=30 //Height through which load falls in mm +h2=47.5 //Fallen height in mm +sigma=157 //Maximum stress induced in N/sq.mm +E=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +U=sigma**2/(2*E) //Strain energy stored in the rod in N-m +delL=sigma*L/E //Extension of the rod in mm +Tot_dist=h1+delL //Total distance in mm + +//case(i):Stress induced in the rod if the load is applied gradually +sigma1=((U/Tot_dist)*L) + + +//case(ii):Maximum stress if the load had fallen from a height of 47.5 mm +sigma2=((sigma1)*(1+(sqrt(1+((2*E*h2)/(sigma1*L)))))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Stress induced in the rod = %.1f N/mm^2",sigma1) + +printf("\n NOTE:The given answer for stress(2nd case) in the book is wrong.The correct answer is,") +printf("\n Maximum stress if the load has fallen = %.2f N/mm^2",sigma2) + diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53ec41545 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=4*10**3 //Length of bar in mm +A=2000 //Area of bar in sq.mm +P1=3000 //Falling weight in N(for 1st case) +h1=20*10 //Height in mm(for 1st case) +P2=30*1000 //Falling weight in N(for 2nd case) +h2=2*10 //Height in mm(for 2nd case) +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +V=A*L //Volume of bar in mm^3 + +//case(i):Maximum stress when a 3000N weight falls through a height of 20cm +sigma1=(((sqrt((2*E*P1*h1)/(A*L))))) + + +//case(ii):Maximum stress when a 30kN weight falls through a height of 2cm +sigma2=((P2/A)*(1+(sqrt(1+((2*E*A*h2)/(P2*L)))))) + + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum stress induced(when a weight of 3000N falls through a height of 20cm)= %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma1) +printf("\n Maximum stress induced(when a weight of 30kN falls through a height of 2cm)= %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma2) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30207c5e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +A=6.25*100 //Area in sq.mm +W=10*10**3 //Load in N +V=(40/60) //Velocity in m/s +L=10000 //Length of chain unwound in mm +E=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm +g=9.81 //acceleration due to gravity + +//Calculation +K_E=(((W/g)*(V**2))/2)*1e3 //K.E of the crane in N mm + +sigma=(sqrt(K_E*E*2/(A*L))) //Stress induced in the chain in N/sq.mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Stress induced in the chain due to sudden stoppage = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ce7a930f --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +W=60*10**3 //Weight in N +V=1 //Velocity in m/s +L=15*10**3 //Free length in mm +A=25*100 //Area in sq.mm +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm +g=9.81 //acceleration due to gravity + +//Calculation +K_E=((W/g)*(V**2))/2*1e3 //Kinetic Energy of the cage in N mm +sigma=(sqrt(K_E*E*2/(A*L))) //Maximum stress in N/sq.mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum stress produced in the rope = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c55aaa15 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +tau=50 //Shear stress in N/sq.mm +C=8e4 //Modulus of rigidity in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +ste=(tau**2)/(2*C) //Strain energy per unit volume in N/sq.mm + +//Result +printf("\n Strain energy per unit volume = %0.3f N/mm^2",ste) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ed022d16 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +A=10*10**2 //Area of bar in sq.mm +L=3*10**3 //Length of bar in mm +x=1.5 //Extension due to suddenly applied load in mm +E=2e5 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +sigma=int(x*E/L) //Instantaneous stress due to sudden load in N/sq.mm +P=int((sigma*A)/2*1e-3) //Suddenly applied load in kN + +//Result +printf("\n Instantaneous stress produced by a sudden load = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) +printf("\n Suddenly applied load = %0.3f kN",P) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44a89a633 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +L=2*10**3 //Length in mm +d=50 //Diameter in mm +P=100*10**3 //Suddenly applied load in N +E=200e3 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +A=(%pi/4)*d**2 //Area in sq.mm +sigma=(2*P/A) //Instantaneous stress induced in N/sq.mm + +dL=(sigma*L)/E //Elongation in mm + +//Result +printf("\n Instantaneous stress induced = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma) +printf("\n Instantaneous elongation = %0.3f mm",dL) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21736ce34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +A=700 //Area in sq.mm +L=1.5*10**3 //Length of a metal bar in mm +sigma=160 //Stress at elastic limit in N/sq.mm +E=2e5 //Youngs Modulus in N/sq.mm + + +//Calculation +V=A*L //Volume of bar in sq.mm +Pr=(sigma**2/(2*E)*V)*1e-3 //Proof resilience in N-m +P=int(sigma*A/2*1e-3) //Suddenly applied load in kN +P1=int(sigma*A*1e-3) //gradually applied load in kN + +//Result +printf("\n Proof resilience = %0.3f N-m",Pr) +printf("\n Suddenly applied load = %0.3f kN",P) +printf("\n Gradually applied load = %0.3f kN",P1) diff --git a/3863/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3863/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e07d3505 --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +P=10*10**3 //Falling weight in N +h=30 //Falling height in mm +L=4*10**3 //Length of bar in mm +A=1000 //Area of bar in sq.m +E=2.1e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +sigma=((P/A)*(1+(sqrt(1+((2*E*A*h)/(P*L)))))) +delL=(sigma*L/E) + + +//Result +printf("\n Instantaneous elongation due to falling weight = %0.3f mm",delL) diff --git a/3863/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3863/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38268b64a --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +//Given +//Variable declaration +b=120 //Width of plate in mm +t=20 //Thickness of plate in mm +R=10*10**3 //Radius of curvature in mm +E=2e5 //Youngs modulus in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +I=b*t**3/12 //Moment of inertia in mm^4 +y_max=t/2 //Maximum distance in mm +sigma_max=int((E/R)*y_max) //Maximum stress in N/sq.mm +M=((E/R*I)*(10**-6)) //Bending moment in kNm + + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",sigma_max) +printf("\n Bending moment = %0.3f kNm",M) diff --git a/3863/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3863/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97695e9bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +W=20*1000 //Total load in N +L=3.6 //Span in m +sigma_max=7 //Maximum stress in N/sq.mm + +//Calculation +M1=W*L/8*1e3 //Maximum Bending moment in Nmm +b1=((M1*3/(sigma_max*2))**(1/3)) //Breadth of the beam in mm + +d1=int((2*b1)) //depth of the beam in mm + +M2=W*L/4*1e3 //Maximum Bending moment in Nmm +b2=(((M2*3/(sigma_max*2))**(1/3))) //Breadth of the beam in mm + +d2=2*b2 //depth of the beam in mm + +//Result +printf("\n Dimensions of the cross-section:") +printf("\n Breadth of beam = %0.3f mm",b1) +printf("\n Depth of beam %0.3f mm",d1) + +printf("\n Dimensions of the cross-section when the beam carries a point load at the centre:") +printf("\n Breadth of beam = %0.3f mm",b2) +printf("\n Depth of beam %0.3f mm",d2) diff --git a/3863/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/3863/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43cebdacd --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Given +//Variable declaration +F=50*10**3 //Shear force in N +b=250 //Base width in mm +h=200 //height in mm + +//Calculation +tau_max=int((3*F)/(b*h)) //Maximum shear stress in N/sq.mm +tau=((8*F)/(3*b*h)) //Shear stress at N.A. in N/sq.mm + + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum shear stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",tau_max) +printf("\n Shear stress at N.A. = %0.3f N/mm^2",tau) diff --git a/3863/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3863/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0af86c38f --- /dev/null +++ b/3863/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// +//Given +//Variable declaration +D=100 //Diameter in mm +R=D/2 //Radius in mm +F=5*10**3 //Shear force in N +y=40 //given distance from N.A. in mm + +//Calculation +//case(i):Average shear stress +A=%pi*R**2 +tau_avg=(F/A) + +//case(ii):Maximum shear stress for a circular section +tau_max=(4/3*tau_avg) + +//case(iii):Shear stress at a distance 40mm from N.A. +I=%pi/64*D**4 +tau=((F/(3*I)*(R**2-y**2))) + +//Result +printf("\n Average shear stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",tau_avg) +printf("\n Maximum shear stress = %0.3f N/mm^2",tau_max) +printf("\n Shear stress at a distance 40mm from N.A. = %0.3f N/mm^2",tau) diff --git a/3864/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3864/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b17b14525 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P_e=300 //N/mm**2 //Elastic Limit in tension +FOS=3 //Factor of safety +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio +P=12*10**3 //N Pull +Q=6*10**3 //N //Shear force + +//Calculations + +//Let d be the diameter of the shaft + +//Direct stress +//P_x=P*(%pi*4**-1*d**3)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//P_x=48*10**3 + +//Now shear stress at the centre of bolt +//q=4*3**-1*q_av +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//q=32*10**3*(%pi*d**2)**-1 + +//Principal stresses are +//P1=P_x*2**-1+((P_x*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//p1=20371.833*(d**2)**-1 + +//P2=P_x*2**-1-((P_x*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//P2=-5092.984*(d**2)**-1 + +//q_max=((P_x*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 + +//From Max Principal stress theory +//Permissible stress in Tension +P1=100 //N/mm**2 +d=(20371.833*P1**-1)**0.5 + +//Max strain theory +//e_max=P1*E**-1-mu*P2*E**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//e_max=21899.728*(d**2*E)**-1 + +//According to this theory,the design condition is +//e_max=P_e*(E*FOS)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +d2=(21899.728*3*300**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//Max shear stress theory +//e_max=shear stress at elastic*(FOS)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +d3=(12732.421*6*300**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//Result +printf("\n Diameter of Bolt by:Max Principal stress theory %0.2f mm",d) +printf("\n :Max strain theory %0.2f mm",d2) +printf("\n :Max shear stress theory %0.2f mm",d3) diff --git a/3864/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3864/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81c9db7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +M=40*10**6 //N-mm //Bending moment +T=10*10**6 //N-mm //TOrque +mu=0.25 //Poissons ratio +P_e=200 //N/mm**2 //Stress at Elastic Limit +FOS=2 + +//Calculations + +//Let d be the diameter of the shaft + +//Principal stresses are given by + +//P1=16*(%pi*d**3)**-1*(M+(M**2+T**2)**0.5) +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//P1=4.13706*10**8*(d**3)**-1 ............................(1) + +//P2=16*(%pi*d**3)**-1*(M-(M**2+T**2)**0.5) +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//P2=-6269718*(%pi*d**3)**-1 ..............................(2) + +//q_max=(P1-P2)*2**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//q_max=2.09988*10**8*(d**3)**-1 + +//Max Principal stress theory +//P1=P_e*(FOS)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +d=(4.13706*10**8*2*200**-1)**0.33333 //mm + +//Max shear stress theory +//q_max=shear stress at elastic limit*(FOS)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +d2=(2.09988*10**8*4*200**-1)**0.33333 + +//Max strain energy theory +//P_3=0 +//P1**2+P2**2-2*mu*P1*P2=P_e**2*(FOS)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +d3=(8.62444*10**12)**0.166666 + +//Result +printf("\n Diameter of shaft according to:MAx Principal stress theory %0.2f mm",d) +printf("\n :Max shear stress theory %0.2f mm",d2) +printf("\n :Max strain energy theory %0.2f mm",d3) diff --git a/3864/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3864/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19a6c0323 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +f_x=40 //N/mm**2 //Internal Fliud Pressure +d1=200 //mm //Internal Diameter +r1=d1*2**-1 //mm //Radius +q=300 //N/mm**2 //Tensile stress + +//Calculations + +//From Lame's Equation we have, + +//Hoop Stress +//f_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a ..........................(1) + +//Radial Pressure +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a .........................(2) + +//the boundary conditions are +x=d1*2**-1 //mm +//After sub values in equation 1 and further simplifying we get +//40=b*100**-1-a ..........................(3) + +//Max Principal stress theory +//q*(FOS)**-1=b*100**2+a ..................(4) +//After sub values in above equation and further simplifying we get + +//From Equation 3 and 4 we get +a=80*2**-1 +//Sub value of a in equation 3 we get +b=(f_x+a)*100**2 + +//At outer edge where x=r_0 pressure is zero +r_0=(b*a**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//thickness +t=r_0-r1 //mm + +//Max shear stress theory +P1=b*(100**2)**-1+a //Max hoop stress +P2=-40 //pressure at int radius (since P2 is compressive) + +//Max shear stress +q_max=(P1-P2)*2**-1 + +//According max shear theory the design condition is +//q_max=P_e*2**-1*(FOS)**-1 +//After sub values in equation we get and further simplifying we get +//80=b*(100**2)**-1+a +//After sub values in equation 1 and 3 and further simplifying we get +b2=120*100**2*2**-1 + +//from equation(3) +a2=120*2**-1-a + +//At outer radius r_0,radial pressure=0 +r_02=(b2*a2**-1)**0.5 + +//thickness +t2=r_02-r1 + +//Result +printf("\n Thickness of metal by:Max Principal stress theory %0.2f mm",t) +printf("\n :Max shear stress thoery %0.2f mm",t2) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..573580d97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables +P=45*10**3 //N //Load +E=200*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity of rod +L=500 //mm //Length of rod +d=20 //mm //Diameter of rod + +//Calculations + +A=%pi*d**2*4**-1 //mm**2 //Area of circular rod +p=P*A**-1 //N/mm**2 //stress +e=p*E**-1 //strain +dell_l=(P*L)*(A*E)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n The stress in bar due to Load is %0.5f N/mm",p) +printf("\n The strain in bar due to Load is %0.5f N/mm",e) +printf("\n The Elongation in bar due to Load is %0.2f mm",dell_l) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3deff5c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +t=10 //mm //Thickness of steel +b1=60 //mm //width of plate1 +b2=40 //mm //width of plate2 +P=60*10**3 //Load +L=600 //mm //Length of plate +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 + +//Calculations + +//Extension of taperong bar of rectangular section +dell_l=P*L*(t*E*(b1-b2))**-1*log(b1*b2**-1) + +A_av=(b1*t+b2*t)*2**-1 //Average Area //mm**2 +dell_l2=P*L*(A_av*E)**-1 + +//PErcentage Error +e=(dell_l-dell_l2)*(dell_l)**-1*100 + +//Result +printf("\n The Percentage Error is %0.2f ",e) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acb225448 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=1.5 //m //Length of steel bar +L1=1000 //m0 //Length of steel bar 1 +L2=500 //m //Length of steel bar 2 +d1=40 //Diameter of steel bar 1 +d2=20 //diameter of steel bar 2 +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +P=160*10**3 //N //Load + +//Calculations + +A1=%pi*4**-1*d1**2 //Area of Portion 1 + +//Extension of uniform Portion 1 +dell_l1=P*L1*(A1*E)**-1 //mm + +//Extension of uniform Portion 2 +dell_l2=4*P*L2*(%pi*d1*d2*E)**-1 //mm + +//Total Extension of Bar +dell_l=dell_l1+dell_l2 + +//Result +printf("\n The Elongation of the Bar is %0.2f mm",dell_l) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b654e813d --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Portion AB +L_AB=600 //mm //Length of AB +A_AB=40*40 //mm**2 //Cross-section Area of AB + +//Portion BC +L_BC=800 //mm //Length of BC +A_BC=30*30 //mm //Length of BC + +//Portion CD +L_CD=1000 //mm //Length of CD +A_CD=20*20 //mm //Area of CD + +P1=80*10**3 //N //Load1 +P2=60*10**3 //N //Load2 +P3=40*10**3 //N //Load3 + +E=2*10**5 //Modulus of Elasticity + +//Calculations + +P4=P1-P2+P3 //Load4 + +//Now Force in AB +F_AB=P1 + +//Force in BC +F_BC=P1-P2 + +//Force in CD +F_CD=P4 + +//Extension of AB +dell_l_AB=F_AB*L_AB*(A_AB*E)**-1 + +//Extension of BC +dell_l_BC=F_BC*L_BC*(A_BC*E)**-1 + +//Extension of CD +dell_l_CD=F_CD*L_CD*(A_CD*E)**-1 + +//Total Extension +dell_l=dell_l_AB+dell_l_BC+dell_l_CD + +//Result +printf("\n The Total Extension in Bar is %0.2f mm",dell_l) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e93ab1cf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=800 //mm //Length of bar +F1=30*10**3 //N //Force acting on the bar +F2=60*10**3 //N //force acting on the bar +L=800 //mm //Length of bar +d=25 //mm //diameter of bar +L_AC=275 //mm //Length of AC +L_CD=150 //mm //Length of CD +L_DB=375 //mm //Length of DB +E=2*10**5 //Pa //Modulus of elasticity + +//Calculations + +//Let P be the Reaction on tne Bar from support at A + +//Shortening of Portion AC +//dell_l_AC1=P*L_AC*(A*E)**-1 + +//Shortening of Portion CD +//dell_l_CD1=(30+P)*L_CD*(A*E)**-1 + +//Extension of Portion DB +//dell_l_DB1=(30-P)*L_DB*(A*E)**-1 + +//Total Extensions=1*(A*E)**-1*(P*L_AC-(30+P)*L_CD+(30-P)*L_DB) +//As Supports are unyielding,Total Extensions=0 + +//After substituting values in above equation and Further simplifying we get +P=(30*375-150*30)*800**-1 + +//Reaction of support A +R_A=P + +//Reaction of support B +R_B=30-P + +//Cross-sectional Area +A=%pi*4**-1*d**2 + +//Stress in Portion AC +sigma1=P*10**3*A**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress in Portion CD +sigma2=(30+P)*10**3*A**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress in Portion DB +sigma3=(30-P)*10**3*A**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Shortening of Portion AC +dell_l_AC2=P*10**3*L_AC*(A*E)**-1 //mm + +//Shortening of Portion CD +dell_l_CD2=(30+P)*10**3*L_CD*(A*E)**-1 //mm + +//Extension of Portion DB +dell_l_DB2=(30-P)*10**3*L_DB*(A*E)**-1 //mm + +//result +printf("\n The Reactios at two Ends are:R_A %0.2f KN",R_A) +printf("\n :R_B %0.2f KN",R_B) +printf("\n Stress in Portion AC %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma1) +printf("\n Stress in Portion CD %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma2) +printf("\n Stress in Portion DB %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma3) +printf("\n Shortening of Portion AC %0.3f mm",dell_l_AC2) +printf("\n Shortening of Portion CD %0.3f mm",dell_l_CD2) +printf("\n Shortening of Portion DB %0.3f mm",dell_l_DB2) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b255a81fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +A=15*0.75 //mm**2 //area of steel tape +P=100 //N //Force apllied +L=30*10**3 //mm //Length of tape +E=200*10**3 //N/m**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of steel tape +AB=150 //m //Measurement of Line AB + +//Calculations + +dell_l=P*L*(A*E)**-1 //mm //Elongation +l=L+dell_l*10**-3 //mm //Actual Length +AB1=AB*l*L**-1 //m Actual Length of AB + +//Result +printf("\n The Actual Length of Line AB is %0.2f m",AB1) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d5785310 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +sigma=150 //N/mm**2 //Stress +P=40*10**3 //N //Load + +//Calculations + +//LEt P_A.P_B,P_C,P_D be the forces developed in wires A,B,C,D respectively + +//Let sum of all Vertical Forces=0 +//P_A+P_B+P_C+P_D=40 ..........................(1) + +//Let x be the distance between each wires +//sum of all moments=0 +//P_B*x+P_C*2*x+P_D*3*x=40*2*x + +//After further simplifying we get +//P_B+2*P_C+3*P_D=80 ..........................(2) + +//As the equations of statics ae not enough to find unknowns,Consider compatibilit Equations + +//Let dell_l be the increse in elongation of wire + +//dell_l_B=dell_l_A+dell_l +//dell_l_C=dell_l_A+2*dell_l +//dell_l_D=dell_l_A+3*dell_l + +//Let P1 be the force required for the Elongation of wires,then +//P_B=P_A+P1 ] +//P_C=P_A+2*P1 ] +//P_D=P_A+3*P1 ] ................................(3) + +//from Equation (3) and (1) we get +//2*P_A+3*P1=20 ................................(4) + +//from Equation (3) and (2) we get +//6*P_A+14*P1=80 + +//subtracting 3 times equation (4) from (3) we get +P1=20*5**-1 + +//from Equation 4 we get +P_A=(80-14*P1)*6**-1 +P_B=P_A+P1 +P_C=P_A+2*P1 +P_D=P_A+3*P1 + +//Let d be the diameter required,then +d=(P_D*10**3*4*(%pi*150)**-1)**0.5 + +//result +printf("\n The Required Diameter is %0.2f mm",d) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..678fe0d54 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=20*10**3 //N //Load +d=6 //mm //diameter of wire +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 +L_BO=4000 //mm //Length of BO + +//Calculations + +//Let theta be the angle between OA and OB and also between OC and OB +theta=30 + +//Let P_OA,P_OB,P_OC be the Forces introduced in wires OA,OB,OC respectively +//Due to symmetry P_OA=P_OC (same angles) + +//Sum of all Vertical Forces=0 +//P_OA*cos(theta)+P_OB+P_OC*cos(theta)=P + +//After further simplifyinf we get +//2*P_OA*cos(theta)+P_OB=20 ...............(1) + +//Let oo1 be the extension of BO +//oo1=L_A1o1*(cos(theta))**-1 + +//From relation we get +//P_OB*L_BO=P_OA*L_AO*(cos(theta))**-1 + +//But L_AO=L_BO*(cos(theta))**-1 + +//After substituting value of L_AO in above equation we get +//P_OB=0.75*P_OA .......................(2) + +//substituting in Equation 1 we get +//2*P_OA*cos(theta)+0.75*P_OA=20 + +P_OA=20*(2*cos(theta*%pi*180**-1)+0.75)**-1 + +P_OB=0.75*P_OA + +A=%pi*4**-1*d**2 + +//Vertical displacement of Load +dell_l_BO=P_OB*10**3*L_BO*(A*E)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Forces in each wire is:P_OA %0.2f KN",P_OA) +printf("\n :P_OB %0.2f KN",P_OB) +printf("\n Vertical displacement of Loadis %0.2f mm",dell_l_BO) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0949e768e --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +A_a=50*20 //mm //Area of aluminium strip +A_s=50*15 //mm //Area of steel strip +P=50*10**3 //N //Load +E_a=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of aluminium +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of steel + +//Calculations + +//Let P_a and P_s br the Load shared by aluminium and steel strip +//P_a+P_s=P ..................(1) + +//For compatibility condition,dell_l_a=dell_l_s +//P_a*L_a*(A_a*E_a)**-1=P_s*L_s*(A_s*E_s)**-1 .....(2) + +//As L_a=L_s we get +//P_s=1.5*P_a .................(3) + +//From Equation 1 and 2 we get +P_a=P*2.5**-1 + +//Substituting in equation 1 we get +P_s=P-P_a + +//stress in aluminium strip +sigma_a=P_a*A_a**-1 + +//stress in steel strip +sigma_s=P_s*A_s**-1 + +//Now from the relation we get + +//result +printf("\n Stress in Aluminium strip is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_a) +printf("\n Stress in steel strip is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_s) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1ee4ddd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D_s=20 //mm //Diameter of steel +D_Ci=20 //mm //Internal Diameter of Copper +t=5 //mm //THickness of copper bar +P=100*10**3 //N //Load +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //modulus of elasticity of steel +E_c=1.2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of Copper + +//Calculations + +A_s=%pi*4**-1*D_s**2 //mm**2 //Area of steel +D_Ce=D_s+2*t //mm //External Diameterof Copper Tube + +A_c=%pi*4**-1*(D_Ce**2-D_Ci**2) //mm**2 //Area of Copper + +//From static Equilibrium condition +//Let P_s and P_c be the Load shared by steel and copper in KN +//P_s+P_c=100 ....................................(1) + +//From compatibility Equation,dell_l_s=dell_l_c +//P_s*L*(A_s*E_s)**-1=P_c*L*(A_c*E_c)**-1 + +//Substituting values in above Equation we get +//P_s=1.3333*P_C + +//Now Substituting value of P_s in Equation (1),we get +P_c=100*2.3333**-1 //KN +P_s=100-P_c //KN + +//Stress in steel +sigma_s=P_s*10**3*A_s**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress in copper +sigma_c=P_c*10**3*A_c**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses Developed in Two material are:sigma_s %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_s) +printf("\n :sigma_c %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_c) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b75582839 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +A_C=230*400 //mm //Area of column +D_s=12 //mm //Diameter of steel Bar +P=600*10**3 //N //Axial compression +//E_s*E_c=18.67 +n=8 //number of steel Bars + +//Calculations + +A_s=%pi*4**-1*D_s**2*n //Area of steel //mm**2 +A_c=A_C-A_s //mm**2 //Area of concrete + +//From static Equilibrium condition +//P_s+P_c=600 .........(1) + +//Now from compatibility Equation dell_l_s=dell_l_c we get, +//P_s*L*(A_s*E_s)**-1=P_c*L*(A_c*E_c)**-1 + +//Substituting values in above Equation we get +//P_s=0.1854*P_c + +//Now Substituting value of P_s in Equation (1),we get +P_c=600*1.1854**-1 +P_s=600-P_c + +//Stress in steel +sigma_s=P_s*10**3*A_s**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress in copper +sigma_c=P_c*10**3*A_c**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses Developed in Two material are:sigma_s %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_s) +printf("\n :sigma_c %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_c) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b3b0923d --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=200*10**3 //N //Load +A_a=1000 //mm**2 //Area of Aluminium +A_s=800 //mm**2 //Area of steel +E_a=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of Aluminium +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of ELasticity of steel +sigma_a1=65 //N/mm**2 //stress in aluminium +sigma_s1=150 //N/mm**2 //Stress in steel + +//Calculations + +//Let P_a and P_s be the force in aluminium and steel pillar respectively + +//Now,sum of forces in Vertical direction we get +//2*P_a+P_s=200 .........................................(1) + +//By compatibility Equation dell_l_s=dell_l_a we get +//P_s=1.28*P_a ..........................................(2) + +//Now substituting value of P_s in Equation 1 we get +P_a=200*3.28**-1 //KN +P_s=200-2*P_a //KN + +//Stress developed in aluminium +sigma_a=P_a*10**3*A_a**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress developed in steel +sigma_s=P_s*10**3*A_s**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Part-2 + +//Let sigma_a1 and sigma_s1 be the stresses in Aluminium and steel due to Additional LOad + +P_a1=sigma_a1*A_a //Load carrying capacity of aluminium +P_s1=1.28*P_a1 + +//Total Load carrying capacity +P1=2*P_a1+P_s1 //N + +P_s2=sigma_s1*A_s //Load carrying capacity of steel +P_a2=P_s2*1.28**-1 + +//Total Load carrying capacity +P2=2*P_a2+P_s2 + +//Additional Load +P3=P1-P + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses Developed in Each Pillar is:sigma_a %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_a) +printf("\n :sigma_s %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_s) +printf("\n Additional Load taken by pillars is %0.2f N",P3) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..448652caf --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=500 //mm //Length of assembly +D=16 //mm //Diameter of steel bolt +Di=20 //mm //internal Diameter of copper tube +Do=30 //mm //External Diameter of copper tube +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of steel +E_c=1.2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of copper +p=2 //mm //Pitch of nut + +//Calculations + +//Let P_s be the Force in bolt and P_c be the FOrce in copper tube +//P_s=-P_s + +dell=1*4**-1*2 //Quarter turn of nut total movement + +//dell=dell_s+dell_c + +//Area of steel +A_s=%pi*4**-1*D**2 + +//Area of copper +A_c=%pi*4**-1*(Do**2-Di**2) + +//dell=P*L*(A_s*E_s)**-1+P*L*(A_c*E_c)**-1 +P=dell*(1*(A_s*E_s)**-1+1*(A_c*E_c)**-1)**-1*L**-1 //LOad + +P_s=P*A_s**-1 +P_c=P*A_c**-1 + +//result +printf("\n stress introduced in bolt is %0.2f N/mm**2",P_s) +printf("\n stress introduced in tube is %0.2f N/mm**2",P_c) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d02f8430d --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D=20 //mm //Diameter of Bolts +Di=25 //m //internal Diameter +t=10 //mm //Thickness of bolt +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +E_c=1.2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of copper +p=3 //mm //Pitch +theta=30 //degree +L_c=500 //Lengh of copper +L_s=600 //Length of steel + +//Calculations + +//Let P_s be the Force in each bolt and P_c be the FOrce in copper tube +//From Static Equilibrium condition +//P_c=2*P_s + +//As nut moves by 60 degree.If nut moves by 360 degree its Longitudinal movement is by 3 mm +dell=theta*360**-1*p + +//From Compatibility Equaton we get +//dell=dell_c+dell_s + + +A_s=%pi*4**-1*Di**2 //mm**2 //Area of steel +A_c=%pi*4**-1*(45**2-Di**2) //mm**2 //Area of copper + +//Force introduced in steel +P_s=0.5*(2*L_c*(A_c*E_c)**-1+L_s*(A_s*E_s)**-1)**-1 //N +P_s2=P_s*A_s**-1 + +//Force introduced in copper +P_c=2*P_s*A_c**-1 //N + +//Result +printf("\n Stress introduced in bolt is %0.2f N/mm**2",P_s2) +printf("\n stress introduced in tube is %0.2f N/mm**2",P_c) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a89771447 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=9 //m //Length of rigid bar +L_b=3000 //Length of bar +A_b=1000 //mm**2 //Area of bar +E_b=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of brasss bar +L_s=5000 //mm //Length of steel bar +A_s=445 //mm**2 //Area of steel bar +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity of steel bar +P=3000 //N //Load + +//Calculations + +//From static equilibrium Equation of the rod after appliying Load is +//P_b+P_s=P ......................(1) + +//P_b=1.8727*P_s ..................(2) + +//NOw substituting equation 2 in equation 1 we get +P_s=P*2.8727**-1 +P_b=P-P_s + +d=P_s*L*P**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Distance at which Load applied even after which bar remains horizontal is %0.2f m",d) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ef330004 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Let y be the yield stress + +y=250 //N/mm**2 //yield stress +FOS=1.75 //Factor of safety +P=140*10**3 //N //compressive Load +D=101.6 //mm //External diameter + +//Calculations + +p=y*(FOS)**-1 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress +A=P*p**-1 //mm**2 //Area of hollow tube + +//Let d be the internal diameter of tube +d=-((A*4*(%pi)**-1)-D**2) +X=d**0.5 +t=(D-X)*2**-1 //mm //Thickness of steel tube + +//result +printf("\n The thickness of steel tube is %0.2f mm",t) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..494f7c86a --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=12.6 //m //Length of rail +t1=24 //Degree celsius +t2=44 //degree celsius +alpha=12*10**-6 //Per degree celsius +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of ELasticity +gamma=2 //mm //Gap provided for Expansion +sigma=20 //N/mm**2 //Stress + +//Calculations + +t=t2-t1 //Temperature Difference + +//Free Expansion of the rails +dell=alpha*t*L*1000 //mm + +//When no expansion joint is provided then +p=dell*E*(L*10**3)**-1 + +//When a gap of 2 mm is provided,then free expansion prevented is +dell_1=dell-gamma +p2=dell_1*E*(L*10**3)**-1 + +//When stress is developed,then gap left is +gamma2=-(sigma*L*10**3*E**-1-dell) + +//Result +printf("\n The minimum gap between the two rails is %0.2f mm",dell) +printf("\n Thermal Developed in the rials if:No expansionn joint is provided:p %0.2f N/mm**2",p) +printf("\n :If a gap of is provided then :p2 %0.2f N/mm**2",p2) +printf("\n When stress is developed gap left between the rails is %0.2f mm",gamma2) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a95fa359 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +t=20 //degree celsius +E_a=70*10**9 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticicty of aluminium +alpha_a=11*10**-6 //per degree celsius //Temperature coeff of aluminium +alpha_s=12*10**-6 //Per degree celsius //Temperature coeff of steel +L_a=1000 //mm //Length of aluminium +L_s=3000 //mm //Length of steel +E_a=7*10**4 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of aluminium +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm*2 //Modulus of Elasticity of steel +A_a=600 //mm**2 //Area of aluminium +A_s=300 //mm**2 //Area of steel + +//Calculations + +//Free Expansion +dell=alpha_a*t*L_a+alpha_s*t*L_s + +//support Reaction +P=dell*(L_a*(A_a*E_a)**-1+L_s*(A_s*E_s)**-1)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Reaction at support is %0.2f N",P) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4baa8d7d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D=25 //mm //Diameter of Brass +De=50 //mm //External Diameter of steel tube +Di=25 //mm //Internal Diameter of steel tube +L=1.5 //m //Length of both bars +t1=30 //degree celsius //Initial Temperature +t2=100 //degree celsius //final Temperature +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of ELasticity of steel bar +E_b=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of brass bar +alpha_s=11.6*10**-6 //Temperature Coeff of steel +alpha_b=18.7*10**-6 //Temperature coeff of brass bar +d=20 //mm //diameter of pins + +//Calculations + +t=t2-t1 //Temperature Difference +A_s=%pi*4**-1*(De**2-Di**2) //mm**2 //Area of steel +A_b=%pi*4**-1*D**2 //mm**2 //Area of brass + +//Let P_b be the tensile force in brass bar and P_s be the compressive force in steel bar +//But from Equilibrium of Forces +//P_b=P_s=P + +//Let dell=dell_s+dell_b +dell=(alpha_b-alpha_s)*t*L*1000 + +P=dell*(1*(A_s*E_s)**-1+1*(A_b*E_b)**-1)**-1*(L*1000)**-1 +P_b=P +P_s=P +//Stress in steel +sigma_s=P*A_s**-1 + +//Stress in Brass +sigma_b=P_b*A_b**-1 + +//Area of Pins +A_p=%pi*4**-1*d**2 + +//Since,the force is resisted by two cross section of pins +tou=P*(2*A_p)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Stress in steel bar is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_s) +printf("\n Stress in Brass bar is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_b) +printf("\n Shear Stresss induced in pins is %0.2f N/mm**2",tou) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ce4dd115 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +b_s=60 //mm //width of steel Bar +t_s=10 //mm //thickness of steel Bar +b_c=40 //mm //width of copper bar +t_c=5 //mm //thickness of copper bar +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of steel bar +E_c=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of copper bar +alpha_s=12*10**-6 //Per degree celsius //Temperature coeff of steel bar +alpha_c=17*10**-6 //Per degree celsius //Temperature coeff of copper bar +L=1000 //mm //Length of bar +L_s=1000 //mm //Length of bar +t=80 //degree celsius + +//Calculations + +A_s=b_s*t_s //Area of steel bar +A_c=b_c*t_c //Area of copper bar + +//Let P_s be the tensile force in steel bar and P_c be the compressive force in copper bar +//The equilibrium of forces gives +//P_s=2*P_c + +//Let dell=dell_s+dell_b +dell=(alpha_c-alpha_s)*t + +P_c=dell*(2*(A_s*E_s)**-1+1*(A_c*E_c)**-1)**-1 +P_s=2*P_c + +//Stress in copper +sigma_c=P_c*A_c**-1 + +//Stress in steel +sigma_s=P_s*A_s**-1 + +//Change in Length of bar +dell_2=alpha_s*t*L+P_s*L_s*(A_s*E_s)**-1 + +//result +printf("\n Stress in copper is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_c) +printf("\n Stress in steel is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_s) +printf("\n the change in Length is %0.2f mm",dell_2) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66abf1a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +A_c=500 //mm**2 //Area of each rod +A_s=500 +A=500 +P=2*10**5 //N //Weight +L=1 //m //Length of each rod +t=40 //degree celsius //temperature +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of steel rod +E_c=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //modulus of Elastictiy of copper rod +alpha_s=1.2*10**-5 //Per degree Celsius //temp coeff of steel rod +alpha_c=1.8*10**-5 //Per degree Celsius //Temp coeff of copper rod + +//Calculations + +//Let P_s be the force in each one of the copper rods and P_s be the force in steel rod +//2*P_c+P_s=P .....................(1) + +//Extension of copper bar=Extension of steel bar +//P_s*L*(A_s*E_s)**-1=P_c*L*(A_c*E_c)**-1 +//after simplifying above equation we get +//P_s=2*P_c ........................(2) + +//Now substituting value of P_s in Equation 1 we get +P_c=P*4**-1 +P_s=2*P_c + +//Now EXtension due to copper Load +dell_1=P_c*L*1000*(A_c*E_c)**-1 + +//Part-2 + +//Due to rise of temperature of40 degree celsius + +//As bars are rigidly joined,let P_c1 be the compressive forccesdeveloped in copper bar and P_s1 be the tensile force in steel causing changes +//P_s1=2*P_c1 + +//dell_s+dell_c=(alpha_c-alpha_s)*t*L .......................................(3) +//P_s1*L*(A_s*E_s)**-1+P_c1*L*(A_c*E_c)**-1=(alpha_c-alpha_s)*t*L ................(4) +//After substituting values in above equation and further simplifying we get, +P_c1=(alpha_c-alpha_s)*t*L*(2*(A_s*E_s)**-1+1*(A_c*E_c)**-1)**-1 //.................(5) +P_s1=2*P_c1 + +//Extension of bar due to temperature rise +dell_2=alpha_s*t*L+P_s1*L*(A_s*E_s)**-1 + +//Amount by which bar will descend +dell_3=dell_1+dell_2 + +//Load carried by steel bar +P_S=P_s+P_s1 + +//Load carried by copper bar +P_C=P_c-P_c1 + +//Part-3 + +//Let P_c1_1=P_c //For convenience +//Rise in temperature if Load is to be carried out by steel rod alone +P_c1_1=P_c + +//From equation 5 +t=P_c1_1*(2*(A_s*E_s)**-1+1*(A_c*E_c)**-1)*(alpha_c-alpha_s)**-1 + +//result +printf("\n Extension Due top copper Load %0.2f mm",dell_1) +printf("\n Load carried by each rod:P_s %0.2f N",P_s) +printf("\n :P_c %0.2f N",P_c) +printf("\n Rise in Temperature of steel rod should be %0.2f degree Celsius",t) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f16a2cc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +t=40 //degree celsius //temperature +A_s=400 //mm**2 //Area of steel bar +A_c=600 //mm**2 //Area of copper bar +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of steel bar +E_c=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of copper bar +alpha_s=12*10**-6 //degree celsius //Temperature coeff of steel bar +alpha_c=18*10**-6 //degree celsius //Temperature coeff of copper bar +L_c=800 //mm //Length of copper bar +L_s=600 //mm //Length of steel bar + +//Calculations + +//Let P_s be the tensile force in steel bar and P_c be the compressive force in copper bar +//Static Equilibrium obtained by taking moment about A +//P_c=2*P_s + +//From property of similar triangles we get +//(alpha_c*Lc-dell_c)*1**-1=(alpha_s*L_s-dell_s)*2**-1 +//After substituting values in above equations and further simplifying we get +P_s=(2*alpha_c*L_c-alpha_s*L_s)*t*(L_s*(A_s*E_s)**-1+4*L_c*(A_c*E_c)**-1)**-1 +P_c=2*P_s + +//Stress in steel rod +sigma_s=P_s*A_s**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress in copper rod +sigma_c=P_c*A_c**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Stress in steel rod is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_s) +printf("\n STress in copper rod is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_c) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..155d3e6c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=20 //mm //Diameter of bar +P=37.7*10**3 //N //Load +L=200 //mm //Guage Length +dell=0.12 //mm //Extension +dell_d=0.0036 //mm //contraction in diameter + +//Calculations + +//Area of bar +A=%pi*4**-1*d**2 + +//Let s and dell_s be the Linear strain and Lateral strain +s=dell*L**-1 +dell_s=dell_d*d**-1 +mu=dell_s*s**-1 //Poissons ratio + +//dell=P*L*(A*E)**-1 +E=P*L*(dell*A)**-1 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity of bar + +//Modulus of Rigidity +G=E*(2*(1+mu))**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Bulk Modulus +K=E*(3*(1-2*mu))**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//result +printf("\n Poissons ratio is %0.2f ",mu) +printf("\n The Elastic constant are:E %0.2f ",E) +printf("\n :G %0.2f ",G) +printf("\n :K %0.2f ",K) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86842b02d --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=100 //mm //Diameter of circular rod +P=1*10**6 //N //Tensile Force +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +L=500 //mm //Length of rod + +//Calculations + +//Modulus of Rigidity +G=E*(2*(1+mu))**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Bulk Modulus +K=E*(3*(1-2*mu))**-1 //N/mm**2 + +A=%pi*4**-1*d**2 //mm**2 //Area of Circular rod +//Let sigma be the Longitudinal stress +sigma=P*A**-1 //N/mm**2 + +s=sigma*E**-1 //Linear strain +e_x=s + +//Volumetric strain +e_v=e_x*(1-2*mu) + +v=%pi*4**-1*d**2*L +//Change in VOlume +dell_v=e_v*v + +//Result +printf("\n Bulk Modulus is %0.2f N/mm**2",E) +printf("\n Modulus of Rigidity is %0.2f N/mm**2",G) +printf("\n The change in Volume is %0.2f mm**3",dell_v) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a55112ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=500 //mm //Length of rectangular cross section bar +A=20*40 //mm**2 //Area of rectangular cross section bar +P1=4*10**4 //N //Tensile Force on 20mm*40mm Faces +P2=2*10**5 //N //compressive force on 20mm*500mm Faces +P3=3*10**5 //N //Tensile Force on 40mm*500mm Faces +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +mu=0.3 //Poissons Ratio + +//Calculations + +//Let P_x,P_y,P_z be the forces n x,y,z directions + +P_x=P1*A**-1 +P_y=P2*A**-1 +P_z=P3*A**-1 + +//Let e_x,e_y,e_z be the strains in x,y,z directions +e_x=1*E**-1*(50+mu*20-15*mu) +e_y=1*E**-1*(-mu*50-20-mu*15) +e_z=1*E**-1*(-mu*50+mu*20+15) + +//Volumetric strain +e_v=e_x+e_y+e_z + +//Volume +V=20*40*500 //mm**3 +//Change in Volume +dell_v=e_v*V //mm**3 + +//Result +printf("\n The change in Volume is %0.2f mm**3",dell_v) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8c5efd5a --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=25 //mm //diameter of steel +d2=18 //mm //Diameter at neck +L=200 //mm //length of stee +P=80*10**3 //KN //Load +P1=160*10**3 //N //Load at Elastic Limit +P2=180*10**3 //N //Max Load +L1=56 //mm //Total Extension +dell_l=0.16 //mm //Extension + + +//Calculations + +A=%pi*d**2*4**-1 //Area of steel //mm**2 + +p=P1*A**-1 //Stress at Elastic Limit //N/mm**2 +Y=P*L*(A*dell_l)**-1 //Modulus of elasticity + +//Let % elongation be x +x=L1*L**-1*100 + +//Percentage reduction in area +//Let % A be a +a=((%pi*4**-1*d**2)-(%pi*4**-1*d2**2))*(%pi*4**-1*d**2)**-1*100 + +//Ultimate tensile stress +sigma=P2*A**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//result +printf("\n Stress at Elastic limit is %0.2f N/mm**2",p) +printf("\n Youngs Modulus is %0.2f N/mm**2",Y) +printf("\n Percentage Elongation is %0.2f ",a) +printf("\n Percentage reduction in area is %0.2f ",P2) +printf("\n Ultimate tensile stress %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7360546a --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +E=2.1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +G=0.78*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Rigidity + +//Calculations + +//Now using the relation +//E=2*G*(1+mu) +mu=E*(2*G)**-1-1 //Poissons ratio + +//Bulk Modulus +K=E*(3*(1-2*mu))**-1 //N/mm**2 + + +//Result +printf("\n The Poissons Ratio is %0.2f ",mu) +printf("\n The modulus of Rigidity %0.2f N/mm**2",K) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f11a803cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +G=0.4*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of rigidity +K=0.75*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Bulk Modulus + +//Calculations + +//Youngs Modulus +E=9*G*K*(3*K+G)**-1 + +//Now from the relation +//E=2*G(1+2*mu) +mu=E*(2*G)**-1-1 //Poissons ratio + +//result +printf("\n Youngs modulus is %0.2f N/mm**2",E) +printf("\n Poissons ratio is %0.2f ",mu) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31a051d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +b=60 //mm //width of bar +d=30 //mm //depth of bar +L=200 //mm //Length of bar +A=30*60 //mm**2 //Area of bar +A2=30*200 //mm**2 //Area of bar along which expansion is restrained +P=180*10**3 //N //Compressive force +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio + +//Calculations + +//The bar is restrained from expanding in Y direction +P_z=0 +P_x=P*A**-1 //stress developed in x direction + +//Now taking compressive strain as positive +//e_x=P_x*E**-1-mu*P_y*E**-1 .......................(1) +//e_y=-mu*P_x*E**-1+P_y*E**-1 ....................(2) +//e_z=-mu*P_x*E**-1-mu*P_y*E**-1 ......................(3) + +//Part-1 +//When it is fully restrained +e_y=0 +P_y=30 //N/mm**2 +e_x=P_x*E**-1-mu*P_y*E**-1 +e_z=-mu*P_x*E**-1-mu*P_y*E**-1 + +//Change in Length +dell_l=e_x*L //mm + +//Change in width +dell_b=b*e_y + +//change in Depth +dell_d=d*e_z + +//Volume of bar +V=b*d*L //mm**3 +//Change in Volume +e_v=(e_x+e_y+e_z)*V //mm**3 + +//Part-2 +//When 50% is restrained + +//Free strain in Y direction +e_y1=mu*P_x*E**-1 + +//As 50% is restrained,so +e_y2=-50*100**-1*e_y1 + +//But form Equation 2 we have e_y=-mu*P_x*E**-1+P_y*E**-1 +//After substituting values in above equation and furthe simplifying we get +P_y=e_y2*E+d + +e_x2=P_x*E**-1-mu*P_y*E**-1 +e_z2=-mu*P_x*E**-1-mu*P_y*E**-1 + +//Change in Length +dell_l2=e_x2*L //mm + +//Change in width +dell_b2=b*e_y2 + +//change in Depth +dell_d2=d*e_z2 + +//Change in Volume +e_v2=(e_x2+e_y2+e_z2)*V //mm**3 + +//REsult +printf("\n Change in Dimension of bar is:dell_l %0.2f mm",dell_l) +printf("\n :dell_b %0.4f mm",dell_b) +printf("\n :dell_d %0.2f mm",dell_d) +printf("\n Change in Volume is %0.2f mm**3",e_v) +printf("\n Changes in material when only 50% of expansion can be reatrained:dell_l2mm",dell_l2) +printf("\n :dell_b2 %0.4f mm",dell_b2) +printf("\n :dell_d2 %0.2f mm",dell_d2) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cd10f122 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=10*10**3 //N //Load +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +d2=12 //mm //Diameter of bar1 +d1=16 //mm //diameter of bar2 +L1=200 //mm //Length of bar1 +L2=500 //mm //Length of bar2 + +//Calculations + +//Let A1 and A2 be the cross Area of Bar1 & bar2 respectively +A1=%pi*4**-1*d1**2 //mm**2 +A2=%pi*4**-1*d2**2 //mm**2 + +//Let p1 and p2 be the stress in Bar1 nad bar2 respectively +p1=P*A1**-1 //N/mm**2 +p2=P*A2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Let V1 nad V2 be the Volume of of Bar1 and Bar2 +V1=A1*(L1+L1) +V2=A2*L2 + +//Let E be the strain Energy stored in the bar +E=p1**2*(2*E)**-1*V1+p2**2*V2*(2*E)**-1 + +//result +printf("\n The Strain Energy stored in Bar is %0.2f N-mm",E) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bcb78b03e --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Bar-A +d1=30 //mm //Diameter of bar1 +L=600 //mm //length of bar1 + +//Bar-B +d2=30 //mm //Diameter of bar2 +d3=20 //mm //Diameter of bar2 +L2=600 //mm //length of bar2 + +//Calculations + +//Area of bar-A +A1=%pi*4**-1*d1**2 + +//Area of bar-B +A2=%pi*4**-1*d2**2 +A3=%pi*4**-1*d3**2 + +//let SE be the Strain Energy +//Strain Energy stored in Bar-A +//SE=p**2*(2*E)**-1*V +//After substituting values and simolifying further we get +//SE=P**2*E**-1*0.4244 + +//Strain Energy stored in Bar-B +//SE2=p1**2*V1*(2*E)**-1+p2**2*V2*(2*E)**-1 +//After substituting values and simolifying further we get +//SE2=0.6897*P**2*E**-1 + +//Let X be the ratio of SE in Bar-B and SE in Bar-A +X=0.6897*0.4244**-1 + +//Part-2 + +//When Max stress is produced is same:Let p be the max stress produced + +//Stress in bar A is p throughout +//In bar B:stress in 20mm dia.portion=p2=p + +//Stress in 30 mm dia.portion +//p1=P*A2*A3**-1 +//After substituting values and simolifying further we get +//p1=4*9**-1*p + +//Strain Energy in bar A +//SE_1=p**2*(2*E)**-1*A1*L1 +//After substituting values and simolifying further we get +//SE_1=67500*p**2*%pi*E**-1 + +//Strain Energy in bar B +//SE_2=p1**2*V1*(2*E)**-1+p2**2*V2*(2*E)**-1 +//After substituting values and simolifying further we get +//SE_2=21666.67*%pi*p**2*E**-1 + +//Let Y be the Ratio of SE in bar B and SE in bar A +Y=21666.67*67500**-1 + +//result +printf("\n Gradually applied Load is %0.2f ",X) +printf("\n Gradually applied Load is %0.2f ",Y) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11d592824 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +W=100 //N //Load +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +h=60 //mm //Height through Load falls down +L=400 //mm //Length of collar +d=30 //mm //diameter of bar + +//Calculations + +A=%pi*4**-1*d**2 //mm**2 //Area of bar + +//Instantaneous stress produced is +p=W*A**-1*(1+(1+(2*A*E*h*(W*L)**-1))**0.5) + +//Now the EXtension of the bar is neglected in calculating work doneby the Load,then +P=(2*E*h*W*(A*L)**-1)**0.5 + +//Let percentage error be denoted by E1 +//Percentage error in approximating is +E1=(p-P)*p**-1*100 + +//Instantaneous Extension produced is +dell_l=(P)*E**-1*L + + +//Result +printf("\n The Instantaneous stress is %0.2f N/mm",p) +printf("\n Percentage Error is %0.2f ",E1) +printf("\n The Instantaneous extension is %0.2f mm",dell_l) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ffb85808 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=20 //mm //Diameter of steel bar +L=1000 //mm //Length of bar +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +p=300 //N/mm**2 //max Permissible stress +h=50 //mm //Height through which weight will fall +w=600 //N //Load + +//Calculations + +//ARea of steel bar +A=%pi*4**-1*d**2 + +//Instantaneous extension is +dell_l=p*L*E**-1 //mm + +//Work done by Load +//W=W1*(h+dell_l) + +//Volume of bar +V=(A)*L + +//Let E1 be the strain Energy +E1=p**2*(2*E)**-1*V + +//Answer in Book for Strain Energy is Incorrect + +//Now Equating Workdone by Load to strain Energy +W1=E1*51.5**-1 + +//Now when w=600 N +//Let W2 be the Work done by the Load +//W2=w(h2*dell_l) + +h=E1*w**-1-dell_l + +//Result +printf("\n The Max Lodad which can Fall from a height of 50 mm on the collar is %0.2f N",W1) +printf("\n the Max Height from which a 600 N Load can fall on the collar is %0.2f mm",h) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5a667a1b --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D_s=30 //mm //Diameter of steel rod +d=30 //mm //Internal Diameter of copper tube +D=40//mm //External Diameter of copper tube +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus of Steel rod +E_c=1*10**5//N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus of copper tube +P=100 //N //Load +h=40 //mm //height from which Load falls +L=800 //mm //Length + +//Calculations + +//Area of steel rod +A_s=%pi*4**-1*D_s**2 + +//Area of copper tube +A_c=%pi*4**-1*(D**2-d**2) + +//But Dell_s=dell_c=dell +//p_s*E_s**-1*L=p_c*L*E_c +//After simplifying furthe we get +//p_s=2*p_c + +//Now Equating internal Energy to Workdone we get +p_c=(2*P*h*L**-1*(4*A_s*E_s**-1+A_c*E_c**-1))**0.5 +p_s=2*p_c + +//Result +printf("\n STress produced in steel is %0.2f N/mm**2",p_s) +printf("\n STress produced in copper is %0.2f N/mm**2",p_c) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15102ddaf --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +clear +// +// + +dell=0.25 //mm //Instantaneous Extension + +//Bar-A +b1=25 //mm //width of bar +D1=500 //mm //Depth of bar + +//Bar-B +b2_1=25 //mm //width of upper bar +b2_2=15 //mm //Width of Lower Bar +L2=200 //mm //Length of upper bar +L1=300 //mm //Length of Lower bar + +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus of bar + +//Calculations + +//Strain +e=dell*D1**-1 + +//Load +p=e*E + +//Area of bar-A +A=%pi*4**-1*25**2 + +//Volume of bar-A +V=A*D1 + +//Let E1 be the Energy of Blow +//Energy of Blow +E1=p**2*(E)**-1*V + +//Let p2 be the Max stress in bar B When this blow is applied. +//the max stress occurs in the 15mm dia. portion,Hence, the stress in 25 mm dia.portion is +//p2*%pi*4**-1*b2_2**2*(%pi*4**-1*b2_2**2=0.36*p + +//Strain Energy of bar B +//E2=p**2*(2*E)**-1*v1+1*(2*E)**-1*(0.36*p2)**2*v2 +//After substituting values and Further substituting values we get +//E2=0.1643445*p2**2 + +//Equating it to Energy of applied blow,we get +p2=(12271.846*0.1643445**-1)**0.5 + +//Stress in top portion +sigma=0.36*p2 + +//Extension in Bar-1 +dell_1=p2*E**-1*L1 + +//Extension in Bar-2 +dell_2=0.36*p2*E**-1*L2 + +//Extension of bar +dell_3=dell_1+dell_2 + +//Result +printf("\n Instantaneous Max stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma) +printf("\n extension in Bar is %0.2f mm",dell_3) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06fbd1663 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=40*10**3 //N //Load +L1=160 //mm //Length of Bar1 +L2=240 //mm //Length of bar2 +L3=160 //mm //Length of bar3 +d1=25 //mm //Diameter of Bar1 +d2=20 //mm //diameter of bar2 +d3=25 //mm //diameter of bar3 +dell_l=0.285 //mm //Total Extension of bar + +//Calculations + +E=P*4*(dell_l*%pi)**-1*(L1*(d1**2)**-1+L2*(d2**2)**-1+L3*(d3**2)**-1) + +//Result +printf("\n The Youngs Modulus of the material %0.2f N/mm**2",E) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89129ffa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +E1=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //modulus of Elasticity of material1 +E2=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 //modulus of Elasticity of material2 +P=25*10**3 //N //Load +t=20 //mm //thickness of material +b1=40 //mm //width of material1 +b2=30 //mm //width of material2 +L1=500 //mm //Length of material1 +L2=750 //mm //Length of material2 + +//Calculations + +A1=b1*t //mm**2 //Area of materila1 +A2=b2*t //mm**2 //Area of material2 + +dell_l1=P*L1*(A1*E1)**-1 //Extension of Portion1 +dell_l2=P*L2*(A2*E2)**-1 //Extension of portion2 + +//Total Extension of Bar is +dell_l=dell_l1+dell_l2 + +//Result +printf("\n The Total Extension of the Bar is %0.2f mm",dell_l) diff --git a/3864/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3864/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d18eb885 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=1000 //mm //Length of Bar +l=400 //mm //Length upto which bire is drilled +D=30 //mm //diameter of bar +d1=10 //mm //diameter of bore +P=25*10**3 //N //Load +dell_l=0.185 //mm //Extension of bar + +//Calculations + +L1=L-l //Length of bar above the bore +L2=400 //mm //Length of bore + +A1=%pi*4**-1*D**2 //Area of bar +A2=%pi*4**-1*(D**2-d1**2) //Area of bore + +E=P*dell_l**-1*(L1*A1**-1+L2*A2**-1) + +//Result +printf("\n The Modulus of ELasticity is %0.2f N/mm**2",E) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be8ad539f --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=5000 //mm //Length of Beam +a=2000 //mm //Length of start of beam to Pt Load +b=3000 //mm //Length of Pt load to end of beam +A=150*250 //m**2 //Area of beam +b=150 //mm //Width of beam +d=250 //mm //Depth of beam +sigma=10//N/mm**2 //stress +l=2000 //m //Load applied from one end + +//Calculations + +//Moment of Inertia +I=1*12**-1*b*d**3 //m**4 + +//Distance from N.A to end +y_max=d*2**-1 //m + +//Section Modulus +Z=1*6**-1*b*d**2 //mm**3 + +//Moment Carrying Capacity +M=sigma*Z //N-mm + +//Let w be the Intensity of the Load in N/m,then Max moment +//M_max=w*L**2*8**-1 //N-mm +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//M_max=w*25*100*8**-1 + +//EQuating it to moment carrying capacity,we get max intensity load +w=M*(25*1000)**-1*8*10**-3 + +//Part-2 + +//Let P be the concentrated load,then max moment occurs under the load and its value +//M1=P*a*b*L**-1 //N-mm + +//Equting it to moment carrying capacity we get +P=M*1200**-1*10**-3 //N + +//Result +printf("\n Max Intensity of u.d.l it can carry %0.3f KN-m",w) +printf("\n MAx concentrated Load P apllied at 2 m from one end is %0.3f KN",P) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d09c2efb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables +H=10 //mm //Height +A1=160*160 //mm**2 //area of square section at bottom +L1=160 //mm //Length of square section at bottom +b1=160 //mm //width of square section at bottom +A2=80*80 //mm**2 //area of square section at top +L2=80 //mm //Length of square section at top +b2=80 //mm //Width of square section at top +P=100 //N //Pull + +//Calculations + +//Consider a section at distance y from top. +//Let the side of square bar be 'a' +//a=L2+y*(H)**-1*(b1-b2) +//After further simplifying we get +//a=L2+8*y + +//Moment of Inertia +//I=2*1*12**-1*a*(2)**0.5*(a*((2)**0.5)**-1)**3 +//After further simplifying we get +//I=a**4*12**-1 + +//Section Modulus +//Z=a**4*(12*a*(2)**0.5)**-1 +//After further simplifying we get +//Z=2**0.5*a**3*(12)**-1 //mm**3 + +//Bending moment at this section=100*y N-mm +//M=100*10**3*y //N-mm + +//But +//M=sigma*Z +//After sub values in above equation we get +//sigma=M*Z**-1 +//After further simplifying we get +//sigma=1200*10**3*(2**0.5)**-1*y*((80+80*y)**3)**-1 .......(1) + +//For Max stress df*(dy)**-1=0 +//After taking Derivative of above equation we get +//df*(dy)**-1=1200*10**3*(2**0.5)**-1*((80+8*y)**-3+y(-3)*(80+8*y)**-4*8) +//After further simplifying we get +y=80*16**-1 //m + +//Max stress at this level is +sigma=1200*10**3*(2**0.5)**-1*y*((80+8*y)**3)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Max Bending stress is Developed at %0.3f m",y) +printf("\n Value of Max Bending stress is %0.3f N/mm**2",sigma) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1060e823 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +b=200 //mm //Width of timber +d=400 //mm //Depth of timber +t=6 //mm //Thickness +b2=200 //mm //width of steel plate +t2=20 //mm //Thickness of steel plate +M=40*10**6 //KN-mm //Moment +//Let E_s*E_t**-1=X +X=20 //Ratio of Modulus of steel to timber + +//Calculations + +//let y_bar be the Distance of centroidfrom bottom most fibre +y_bar=(b*d*(b+t)+t2*b2*t*t*2**-1)*(b*d+t2*b2*t)**-1 //mm + +//Moment of Inertia +I=1*12**-1*b*d**3+b*d*(b+t-(y_bar))**2+1*12**-1*t2*b2*t**3+b2*t2*t*((y_bar)-t*2**-1)**2 + + +//distance of the top fibre from N-A +y_1=d+t-y_bar //mm + +//Distance of the junction of timber and steel From N-A +y_2=y_bar-t //mm + +//Stress in Timber at the top +Y=M*I**-1*y_1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress in the Timber at the junction point +Z=M*I**-1*y_2 + +//Coressponding stress in steel at the junction point +Z2=X*Z //N/mm**2 + +//The stress in Extreme steel fibre +Z3=X*M*I**-1*y_bar + +//Result +printf("\n Stress in Extreme steel Fibre %0.2f N/mm**2",Z3) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39953ccc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Timber size +b=150 //mm //Width +d=300 //mm //Depth + +t=6 //mm //Thickness of steel plate +l=6 //m //Span + +//E_s*E_t**-1=20 +//m=E_s*E_t**-1 +m=20 +sigma_timber=8 //N/mm**2 //Stress in timber +sigma_steel=150 //N/mm**2 //Stress in steel plate + +//Let m*t=Y +Y=m*t //mm +L=(2*t+b)*m //mm //Width of flitched beam + +//Calculations + +//Due to synnetry cenroid,the neutral axis is half the depth +I=(1*12**-1*L*t**3+L*t*(b+t*2**-1)**2)*2+1*12**-1*(Y+b+Y)*d**3 //mm**4 + +y_max1=150 //mm //For timber +y_max2=156 //mm //For steel + +//stress in steel +f_t1=1*m**-1*sigma_steel //N/mm**2 + +//Moment of resistance +M=f_t1*(I*y_max2**-1) + +//load +w=8*M*(l**2)**-1*10**-6 //KN/m + +//Result +printf("\n Load beam can carry is %0.2f KN/m",w) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd7431bd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=6000 //mm //Span of beam +W=20*10**3 //N //Load +sigma=8 //N/mm**2 //Stress +b=200 //mm //Width of section +d=300 //mm //Depth of section + +//Calculations + +//let x be the distance from left side of beam + +//Bending moment +//M=W*2**-1*x //Nmm .......(1) + +//But M=sigma*Z ..........(2) + +//Equating equation 1 and 2 we get +//W*2**-1*x=sigma*Z ............(3) + +//Section Modulus +//Z=1*6*b*d**2 ...............(4) + +//Equating equation 3 and 4 we get +//b*d**2=3*W*x*sigma**-1 .............(5) + +//Beam of uniform strength of constant depth +//b=3*W*x*(sigma*d**2) + +//When x=0 +b=0 + +//When x=L*2**-1 +b2=3*W*L*(2*sigma*d**2)**-1 //mm + +//Beam with constant width of 200 mm + +//We have +//d=(3*W*x*(sigma*d)**-1)**0.5 +//thus depth varies as (x)**0.5 + +//when x=0 +d1=0 + +//when x=L*2**-1 +d2=(3*W*L*(2*sigma*200)**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//Result +printf("\n Cross section of rectangular beam is: %0.2f mm",b2) +printf("\n : %0.2f mm",d2) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6991385fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=800 //mm //Span +n=5 //number of leaves +b=60 //mm //Width +t=10 //mm //thickness +sigma=250 //N/mm**2 //Stress + +//Calculations + +//section Modulus +Z=n*6**-1*b*t**2 //mm**3 + +//from the relation +//sigma*Z=M ...................(1) +//M=P*L*4**-1 +//sub values of M in equation 1 we get +P=sigma*Z*4*L**-1*10**-3 //KN //Load + +//Length of Leaves +L1=0.2*L //mm +L2=0.4*L //mm +L3=0.6*L //mm +L4=0.8*L //mm +L5=L //mm + +//Result +printf("\n Max Load it can take is %0.2f KN",P) +printf("\n Length of leaves:L1 %0.2f mm",L1) +printf("\n :L2 %0.2f mm",L2) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0477cf682 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +F=40*10**3 //N //shear Force + +//I-section + +//Flanges +b=80 //mm //Width of flange +t=20 //mm //Thickness + +//Web +d=200 //mm //Depth +t2=20 //mm //Thickness + +//Flange-2 +b2=160 //mm //Width +t3=20 //mm //Thickness + +D=240 //mm //Overall Depth + +//Calculations + +//Distance of N-A from Top Fibre +y=(b*t*t*2**-1+d*t2*(t+d*2**-1)+b2*t3*(t+d+t3*2**-1))*(b*t+d*t2+b2*t3)**-1 //mm + +//Moment of Inertia +I=1*12**-1*b*t**3+b*t*(y-(t*2**-1))**2+1*12**-1*t2*d**3+t2*d*(y-(t+d*2**-1))**2+1*12**-1*b2*t3**3+t3*b2*((d+t+t3*2**-1)-y)**2 //mm**4 + +//Shear stress bottom of flange +sigma=F*b*t*(y-t*2**-1)*(b*I)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//At same Level but in web +sigma2=F*b*t*(y-t*2**-1)*(t2*I)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//for shear stress at N.A +X=b*t*(y-t*2**-1)+t2*(y-t)*(y-t)*2**-1 //mm**3 +sigma3=F*X*(t2*I)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Shear stress at bottom of web + +X=b2*t3*((D-y)-t3*2**-1) //mm**3 + +//Stress at bottom of web +sigma4=F*X*(t2*I)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Stress at Lower flange +sigma5=F*X*(b2*I)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n The Shear Force Diagram is the result") diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48f9ecb18 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +F=30*10**3 //N //Shear Force + +//Channel Section +d=400 //mm //Depth of web +t=10 //mm //THickness of web +t2=15 //mm //Thickness of flange +b=100 //mm //Width of flange + +//Rectangular Welded section +b2=80 //mm //Width +d2=60 //mm //Depth + +//Calculations + +//Distance of Centroid From Top Fibre +y=(d*t*t*2**-1+2*t2*(b-t)*((b-t)*2**-1+10)+d2*b2*(d2*2**-1+t))*(d*t+2*t2*(b-t)+d2*b2)**-1 //mm + +//Moment Of Inertia of the section about N-A +I=1*12**-1*d*t**3+d*t*(y-t*2**-1)**2+2*(1*12**-1*t2*(b-t)**3+t2*(b-t)*(((b-t)*2**-1+t)-y)**2)+1*12**-1*d2**3*b2+d2*b2*(d2*2**-1+t-y)**2 + +//Shear stress at level of weld +sigma=F*d*t*(y-t*2**-1)*((b2+t2+t2)*I)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Max Shear Stress occurs at Neutral Axis +X=d*t*(y-t*2**-1)+2*t2*(y-t)*(y-t)*2**-1+b2*(y-t)*(y-t)*2**-1 + +sigma_max=F*X*((b+t)*I)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Shear stress in the weld is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma) +printf("\n Max shear stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_max) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..319ec29a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Wooden Section +b=300 //mm //Width +d=300 //mm //Depth + +D=100 //mm //Diameter of Bore +F=10*10**3 //N //Shear Force + +//Calculations + +//Moment Of Inertia Of Section +I=1*12**-1*b*d**3-%pi*64**-1*D**4 + +//Shear stress at crown of circle +sigma=F*b*D*(d*2**-1-D*2**-1)*(b*I)**-1 + +//Let a*y_bar=X +X=b*d*2**-1*d*4**-1-%pi*8**-1*D**2*4*D*2**-1*(3*%pi)**-1 //mm**3 + +//Shear Stress at Neutral Axis +sigma2=F*X*((b-D)*I)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Shearing Stress at Crown of Bore %0.3f N/mm**2",sigma) +printf("\n Shear Stress at Neutral Axis %0.3f N/mm**2",sigma2) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..029c9dacc --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D=70 //mm //External Diameter +t=8 //mm //Thickness of pipe +L=2500 //mm //span +sigma=150 //N/mm**2 //stress + +//Calculations + +//Internal Diameter +d=D-2*t //mm + +//M.I Of Pipe +I=%pi*64**-1*(D**4-d**4) //mm**4 + +y_max=D*2**-1 //mm +Z=I*(y_max)**-1 //mm**3 + +//Moment Carrying capacity +M=sigma*Z //N*mm + +//Max moment int the beam occurs at the mid-span and is equal to +//m=P*L*4**-1 + +//Equating Max moment to moment carrying capacity we get, +//M=P*2.5*L*4**-1 +//After substituting and simplifying we get +P=4*M*(L)**-1*10**-3 //N + +//Result +printf("\n Max concentrated load that can be applied at the centre of span is %0.3f KN",P) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4733fccf --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//flanges +b=200 //mm //width +t1=25 //mm //Thickness + +//web +d=450 //mm //Depth +t2=20 //mm //thickness + +D=500 //mm //Total Depth of section + +//Calculations + +//Moment Of Inertia of the section about N-A +I=1*12**-1*b*D**3-1*12**-1*(b-t2)*d**3 //mm**4 + +//Consider an element in the web at distance y from y from N-A +//Depth of web section=225-y + +//C.G From N-A +//y2=y+(((D*2**-1-t)-y)*2**-1) + +//ay_bar for section at y +//Let ay_bar be X +//X=X1 be of Flange + X2 be of web above y +//X=b*t1*(D*2**-1-t1*2**-1)+t2*(d-t1)*(d-t1+y)*2**-1 +//After Sub values and Further simplifying we get +//X=1187500+10*(225**2-y**2) + +//Shear stress at y +//sigma_y=F*(X)*(t2*I)**-1 + +//Shear Force resisted by the Element +//F1=F*X*t2*dy*(t2*I)**-1 + +//Shear stress resisted by web +//sigma=2*F*I**-1*(X)*dy + +//After Integrating above equation and further simplifying we get +//sigma=0.9578*F + +sigma=0.9578*100 + +//Result diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8a38b8be --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Wooden Beam + +b=150 //mm //width +d=250 //mm //Depth + +L=5000 //mm //span +m=11.2 //N/mm**2 //Max Bending stress +sigma=0.7 //N/mm**2 //Max shear stress + +//Calculations + +//Let 'a' be the distance from left support +//Max shear force +//F=R_A=W*(L-a)*L**-1 + +//Max Moment +//M=W*(L-a)*a*L**-1 + +//But M=sigma*Z +//W*(L-a)*a*L**-1=m*1*6**-1*b*d**2 .....................(1) + +//In Rectangular Section MAx stress is 1.5 times Avg shear stress +F=sigma*b*d*1.5**-1 + +//W*(L-a)*L**-1=F .....................(2) + +//Dividing Equation 1 nad 2 we get +a=m*6**-1*b*d**2*1.5*(sigma*b*d)**-1 + +//Sub above value in equation 2 we get +W=(L-a)**-1*L*F*10**-3 //KN + +//Result +printf("\n Load is %0.2f KN",W) +printf("\n Distance from Left support is %0.2f mm",a) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d25a86e08 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=1000 //mm //span + +//Rectangular Section + +b=200 //mm //width +d=400 //mm //depth + +sigma=1.5 //N/mm**2 //Shear stress + +//Calculations + +//Let AB be the cantilever beam subjected to load W KN at free end + +//MAx shear Force +//F=W*10**3 //KN + +//Since Max shear stress in Rectangular section +//sigma_max=1.5*F*A**-1 +//After sub values and further simplifyng we get +W=1.5*b*d*(1.5*1000)**-1 //KN + +//Moment at fixwed end +M=W*1 //KN-m +y_max=d*2**-1 //mm + +//M.I +I=1*12**-1*b*d**3 //mm**3 + +//MAx Stress +sigma_max=M*10**6*I**-1*y_max + +//Result +printf("\n Concentrated Load is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_max) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b2e0cad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=4000 //mm //span + +//Rectangular Cross-section +b=100 //mm //Width +d=200 //mm //Thickness + +F_per=10 //N/mm**2 //Max Bending stress +q_max=0.6 //N/mm**2 //Shear stress + +//Calculations + +//If the Load W is in KN/m + +//Max shear Force +//F=w*l*2**-1 //KN +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//M=2*w //KN-m + +//Max Load from Consideration of moment +//M=1*6**-1*b*d**2*F_per +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +w=(1*6**-1*b*d**2*F_per)*(2*10**6)**-1 //KN/m + +//Max Load from Consideration of shear stress +//q_max=1.5*F*(b*d)**-1 //N +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +F=q_max*(1.5)*b*d //N + +//If w is Max Load in KN/m,then +//2*w*1000=8000 +//After Rearranging and Further simplifying we get +w2=8000*(2*1000)**-1 //KN/m + +//Result +printf("\n Uniformly Distributed Load Beam can carry is %0.2f KN/m",w) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40556ec38 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Flange (Top) +b1=80 //mm //Width +t1=40 //mm //Thickness + +//Flange (Bottom) +b2=160 //mm //width +t2=40 //mm //Thickness + +//web +d=120 //mm //Depth +t3=20 //mm //Thickness + +D=200 //mm //Overall Depth +sigma1=30 //N/mm**2 //Tensile stress +sigma2=90 //N/mm**2 //Compressive stress +L=6000 //mm //Span + +//Calculations + +//Distance of centroid from bottom fibre +y_bar=(b1*t1*(D-t1*2**-1)+d*t3*(d*2**-1+t2)+b2*t2*t2*2**-1)*(b1*t1+d*t3+b2*t2)**-1 //mm + +//Moment of Inertia +I=1*12**-1*b1*t1**3+b1*t1*(D-t1*2**-1-(y_bar))**2+1*12**-1*t3*d**3+t3*d*(d*2**-1+t2-(y_bar))**2+1*12**-1*b2*t2**3+b2*t2*(t2*2**-1-(y_bar))**2 + + +//Extreme fibre distance of top and bottom fibres are y_t and y_c respectively + +y_t=y_bar //mm +y_c=D-y_bar //mm + +//Moment carrying capacity considering Tensile strength +M1=sigma1*I*y_t**-1*10**-6 //KN-m + +//Moment carrying capacity considering compressive strength +M2=sigma2*I*y_c**-1*10**-6 //KN-m + +//Max Bending moment in simply supported beam 6 m due to u.d.l +//M_max=w*L*10**-3*8**-1 +//After simplifying further we get +//M_max=4.5*w + +//Now Equating it to Moment carrying capacity, we get load carrying capacity +w=M1*4.5**-1 //KN/m + +//Result +printf("\n Max Uniformly Distributed Load is %0.3f KN/m",w) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b6583da4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Flanges +b=200 //mm //Width +t=25 //mm //Thickness + +D1=500 //mm //Overall Depth +t2=20 //mm //Thickness of web + +d=450 //mm //Depth of web + +//Calculations + +//Consider,Element of Thickness "y" at Distance "dy" from N.A +//Let Bending stress "sigma_max" + +//Stress on the element +//sigma=y*(D*2**-1)*sigma_max ..............(1) + +//Area of Element +//A=b*dy .................................(2) + +//Force on Element +//F=y*250**-1*sigma_max*b*dy + +//Let M be the Moment of resistance +//M=y*250**-1*sigma_max*b*dy*y + +//Moment of Resistance of top flange after simplification we gget +//M.R=2258333.3*f + +//M.I of I section +I=1*12**-1*(b*D1**3-180*d**3)*10**-8 + +//Moment acting on section +//After simplifying we get +//M=2865833.3*f + +//Percentage moment resistance +M1=2258333.3*2865833.3**-1*100 + +//Percentage moment resisted by web +M2=100-M1 + +//Result diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6659cef7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Flanges +b1=200 //mm //Width +t1=10 //mm //Thickness + +//Web +d=380 //mm //Depth +t2=8 //mm //Thickness + +D=400 //mm //Overall Depth +sigma=150 //N/mm**2 + +//Calculations + +//Area +A=b1*t1+d*t2+b1*t1 //mm**2 + +//Moment of Inertia +I=1*12**-1*(b1*D**3-(b1-t2)*d**3) + +//Bending Moment +M=sigma*I*(D*2**-1)**-1 + +//Square Section + +//Let 'a' be the side +a=A**0.5 + +//Moment of Resistance of this section +M1=1*6**-1*a*a**2*sigma + +X=M*M1**-1 + +//Rectangular section +//Let 'a' be the side and depth be 2*a + +a=(A*2**-1)**0.5 + +//Moment of Rectangular secction +M2=1*6**-1*a*(2*a)**2*sigma + +X2=M*M2**-1 + +//Circular section +//A=%pi*d1**2*4**-1 + +d1=(A*4*%pi**-1)**0.5 + +//Moment of circular section +M3=%pi*32**-1*d1**3*sigma + +X3=M*M3**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Moment of resistance of beam section %0.2f mm",M) +printf("\n Moment of resistance of square section %0.2f mm",X) +printf("\n Moment of resistance of rectangular section %0.2f mm",X2) +printf("\n Moment of resistance of circular section %0.2f mm",X3) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e50fc587f --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +F=12 //KN //Force at End of beam +L=2 //m //span + +//Square section +b=200 //mm //Width and depth of beam +d=200 + +//Rectangular section +b1=150 //mm //Width +d1=300 //mm //Depth + +//Calculations + +//Max bending Moment +M=F*L*10**6 //N-mm + +//M=sigma*b*d**2 +sigma=M*6*(b*d**2)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Let W be the central concentrated Load in simply supported beam of span L1=3 m +//MAx Moment +//M1=W*L1*4**-1 +//After Further simplifying we get +//M1=0.75*10**6 //N-mm + +//The section has a moment of resistance +M1=sigma*1*6**-1*b1*d1**2 + +//Equating it to moment of resistance we get max load W +//0.75*10**6*W=M1 +//After Further simplifying we get +W=M1*(0.75*10**6)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Minimum Concentrated Load required to brek the beam %0.2f KN",W) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..73bf0efb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +clear +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=3 //m //span +sigma_t=35 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress in tension +sigma_c=90 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress in compression + +//Flanges +t=30 //mm //Thickness +d=250 //mm //Depth + +//Web +t2=25 //mm //Thickness +b=600 //mm //Width + +//Calculations + +//Let y_bar be the Distance of N.A from Extreme Fibres +y_bar=(t*d*d*2**-1*2+(b-2*t)*t2*t2*2**-1)*(t*d*2+(b-2*t)*t2)**-1 + +//Moment of Inertia +I=(1*12**-1*t*d**3+t*d*(d*2**-1-y_bar)**2)*2+1*12**-1*(b-2*t)*t2**3+(b-2*t)*t2*(t2*2**-1-y_bar)**2 + +//Part-1 + +//If web is in Tension +y_t=y_bar //mm +y_c=d-y_bar //mm + +//Moment carrying caryying capacity From consideration of tensile stress +M=sigma_t*I*(y_bar)**-1 //N-mm + +//Moment carrying caryying capacity From consideration of compressive stress +M1=sigma_c*I*(y_c)**-1 //N-mm + +//If w KN/m is u.d.l in beam,Max bending moment +//M=wl**2*8**-1 +//After further simplifyng we get +//M=1.125*w*10**6 N-mm +w=M*(1.125*10**6)**-1 //KN + +//Part-2 + +//If web is in compression +y_t2=178.299 //mm +y_c2=71.71 //mm + +//Moment carrying caryying capacity From consideration of tensile stress +M2=sigma_t*I*(y_t2)**-1 //N-mm + +//Moment carrying caryying capacity From consideration of compressive stress +M3=sigma_c*I*(y_c2)**-1 //N-mm + +//Moment of resistance is M2 + +//Equating it to bending moment we get +//M2=1.125*10**6*w2 +//After further simplifyng we get +w2=M2*(1.125*10**6)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Uniformly Distributed Load carrying capacity if:web is in Tension %0.2f KN",w) +printf("\n :web is in compression %0.3f KN",w2) diff --git a/3864/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3864/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93537e581 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +b1=200 //mm //Width at base +b2=100 //mm //Width at top + +L=8 //m Length +P=500 //N //Load + +//Calculations + +//Consider a section at y metres from top + +//At this section diameter d is +//d=b2+y*L**-1*(b1-b2) +//After Further simplifying we get +//d=b2+12.5*y //mm + +//Moment of Inertia +//I=%pi*64**-1*d**4 + +//Section Modulus +//Z=%pi*32**-1*(b1+12.5*y)**3 + +//Moment +//M=5*10**5*y //N-mm + +//Let sigma be the fibre stress at this section then +//M=sigma*Z +//After sub values in above equation and further simplifying we get +//sigma=5*10**5*32*%pi**-1*y*((b2+12.5*y)**3)**-1 + +//For sigma to be Max,d(sigma)*(dy)**-1=0 +//16*10**6*%pi**-1*((b2+12.5*y)**-3+y*(-3)*(b2+12.5*y)**-4*12.5) +//After Further simplifying we get +//b2+12.5*y=37.5*y +//After Further simplifying we get +y=b2*25**-1 //m + +//Stress at this section +sigma=5*10**5*32*%pi**-1*y*((b2+12.5*y)**3)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Stress at Extreme Fibre is max %0.2f m",y) +printf("\n Max stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma) diff --git a/3864/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3864/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef6e75900 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +clear +// +// + + +//Initilization of Variables + +L_CB=2 //m //Length of CB +L_AC=4 //m //Length of AB +M_C=15 //KN.m //Moment At Pt C +F_C=30 //KN +L=6 //m Span of Beam + +//Let X=E*I +X=10000 //KN-m**2 + +//Calculations + +//Let V_A and V_B be the reactions at A & B respectively +//V_A+V_B=30 + +//Taking Moment a A,we get +V_B=(F_C*L_AC+M_C)*L**-1 +V_A=30-V_B + +//Now Taking Moment at distacnce x from A +//M_x=7.5*x-30*(x-4)+15 + +//By using Macaulay's Method +//EI*(d**2*x/dx**2)=M_x=7.5*x-30*(x-4)+15 + +//Now Integrating above Equation we get +//EI*(dy/dx)=C1+7.5*x**2*2**-1-15*(x-4)**2+15*(x-4) ............(1) + +//Again Integrating above Equation we get +//EIy=C2+C1*x+7.5*6**-1*x**3-5*(x-4)**3+15*(x-4)**2*2**-1..........(2) + +//Boundary Cinditions +x=0 +y=0 + +//Substituting above equations we get +C2=0 + +x=6 //m +y=0 + +C1=-(7.5*6**3*6**-1-5*2**3+15*2**2*2**-1)*6**-1 + +//EIy_c=C2+C1*x+7.5*6**-1*x**3-5*(x-4)**3+15*(x-4)**2*2**-1 +//Sub values in Above equation we get +y_c=(93.3333*(X)**-1) + +//Result +printf("\n The Deflection at C %0.4f mm",y_c) diff --git a/3864/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3864/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..755716ee5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +clear +// +// + + +//Initilization of Variables +L_AC=2 //m //Length of AC,CD,DB +L_DB=2 +L_CD=2 +F_C=40 //KN //Force at C +w=20 //KN/m //u.d.l +L=6 //m //span of beam + +//Let E*I=X +X=15000 //KN-m**2 + + +//Calculations + +//Let V_A & V_B be the reactions at A & B respectively +//V_A+V_B=80 + +//Taking Moment B,M_B +V_A=(F_C*(L_CD+L_DB)+w*L_DB*L_DB*2**-1)*L**-1 //KN +V_B=80-V_A //KN + +//Taking Moment at distance x from A +//M_x=33.333*x-40*(x-2)-20*(x-4)**2*2**-1 +//EI*(d**2/dx**2)=33.333*x-40*(x-2)-10*(x-4)**2 + +//Integrating above equation we get +//EI*(dy/dx)=C1+33.333*x**2*2**-1-20*(x-2)**2-10*3**-1*(x-4)**3 + +//Again Integrating above equation we get +//EI*y=C2+C1*x+33.333*x**3*6**-1-20*3**-1*(x-2)**3-10*12**-1*(x-4)**4 + +//At +x=0 +y=0 +C2=0 + +//At +x=6 +y=0 +C1=-760*6**-1 + +//Assuming Deflection to be max in portion CD and sustituting value of C1 in equation of slope we get +//EI*y=C2+C1*x+33.333*x**3*6**-1-20*3**-1*(x-2)**3-10*12**-1*(x-4)**4 +//0=-126.667+33.333*x**2**-1-20*(x-2)**2 + +//After rearranging and simplifying further we get + +//x**2-24*x+62=0 +//From above equations +a=1 +b=-24 +c=62 + +y=(b**2-4*a*c)**0.5 + +x1=(-b+y)*(2*a)**-1 +x2=(-b-y)*(2*a)**-1 + +//Taking x2 into account +x=2.945 //m +C1=-126.667 +C2=0 + +y_max=(C2+C1*x+33.333*x**3*6**-1-20*3**-1*(x-2)**3)*X**-1 //mm + +//Max slope occurs at the ends +//At A, +//EI*(dy/dx)_A=-126.667 +//At B +//EI*(dy/dx)_B=126.667+33.333*6**2*2**-1-20*4**2-10*2**3 +//After simplifying Further we get +//EI*(dy/dx)_B=73.3273 + +//Now Max slope is EI(dy/dx)_A=-126.667 +//15000*(dy/dx)_=-126.667 + +//Let Y=dy/dx +Y=-126.667*X**-1 //Radians + +//Result +printf("\n Maximum Deflection for Beam is %0.4f mm",y_max) +printf("\n Maximum Slope for beam is %0.4f radians",Y) diff --git a/3864/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/3864/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..598268c2f --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L_CD=2 //m //Length of CD +E=200 //KN/mm**2 +I=60*10**6 //mm**4 //M.I +F_C=20 //KN //Force at C +F_E=30 //KN //Force at E +w=10 //KN/m //u.d.l + +//Calculations + +X=E*I*10**-6 //KN-m**2 + +//Let V_A & V_B be the reactions at A & B respectively +//V_A+V_B=70 + +//Taking Moment at distance x from A +//M_x=34*x-20*(x-1)-10*(x-1)**2*2**-1+10*(x-3)**2*2**-1-30*(x-4) +//EI*(d**2y/dx**2)=34*x-20*(x-1)-10*(x-1)**2*2**-1+10*(x-3)**2*2**-1-30*(x-4) + +//Now Integrating Above equation,we get +//EI*(dy/dx)=C1+17*x**2-10*(x-1)**2-5*3**-1*(x-1)**3+5*3**-1*(x-3)**3-15*(x-4)**2 + +//Again Integrating Above equation,we get +//EI*y=C2+C1*x+17*3**-1*x**3-10*3**-1*(x-1)**3-5*12**-1*(x-1)**4+5*12**-1*(x-3)**4-5*(x-4)**3 + +//At +x=0 +y=0 +C2=0 + +//At +x=5 //m +y=0 +C1=(-17*3**-1*x**3+10*3**-1*(x-1)**3+5*12**-1*(x-1)**4-5*12**-1*(x-3)**4+5*(x-4)**3)*5**-1 + +//EI*y=C2+C1*x+17*3**-1*x**3-10*3**-1*(x-1)**3-5*12**-1*(x-1)**4+5*12**-1*(x-3)**4-5*(x-4)**3 +C2=0 +C1=-78 +x=1 +y_c=(-78*x+17*3**-1*x)*(X)**-1 + +//EI*y_D=C2+C1*x+17*3**-1*x**3-10*3**-1*(x-1)**3-5*12**-1*(x-1)**4 +x=3 +C1-78 +C2=0 +y_D=(C2+C1*x+17*3**-1*x**3-10*3**-1*(x-1)**3-5*12**-1*(x-1)**4)*(X**-1) + +//EI*y_E=C2+C1*x+17*3**-1*x**3-10*3**-1*(x-1)**3-5*12**-1*(x-1)**4+5*12**-1*(x-3)**4 +x=4 +C1-78 +C2=0 +y_E=(C2+C1*x+17*3**-1*x**3-10*3**-1*(x-1)**3-5*12**-1*(x-1)**4+5*12**-1*(x-3)**4)*X**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Deflections at C %0.5f mm",y_c) +printf("\n Deflections at D %0.5f mm",y_D) +printf("\n Deflections at E %0.4f mm",y_E) diff --git a/3864/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/3864/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..244888a3d --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L_AC=2 //m //Length of BD,CB,AC +L_BD=2 +L_CB=2 +F_C=40 //KN //Force at C +F_D=10 //KN Force at D +L=6 //m spna of beam + +//EI is constant in this problem + +//Calculations + +//Let V_A & V_B be the reactions at A & B Respectively +//V_A+V_B=50 + +//Taking Moment at Pt A +V_B=(F_D*L+F_C*L_AC)*(L_AC+L_CB)**-1 +V_A=50-V_B + +//Now Taking Moment at distance x from A,M_x +//M_x=15*x-40*(x-2)+35*(x-4) +//EI*(d**2*y/dx**2)=15*x-40*(x-2)+35*(x-4) + +//Now Integrating above equation we get +//EI*(dy/dx)=C1+7.5*x**2-20*(x-2)**2+17.5(x-4)**2 + +//Again Integrating above equation we get +//EI*y=C2+C1*x+2.5*x**2-20*3**-1*(x-2)**3+17.5*(x-4)**3*3**-1 + +//At +x=0 +y=0 +//we get +C2=0 + +//At +x=4 +y=0 +//we get +C1=(2.5*4**3-20*3**-1*2**3)*4**-1 + +//Now Deflection at C +x=2 +C1=-26.667 +C2=0 +y_C=C2+C1*x+2.5*x**3 + +//Now Deflection at D +C1=-21.667 +C2=0 +y_D=-26.667*6+2.5*6**3-20*3**-1*4**3+17.5*2**3*3**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Deflections Under Loads are:y_D %0.4f ",y_D) +printf("\n :y_C %0.2f ",y_C) diff --git a/3864/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce b/3864/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26a9324a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables +L_ED=2 //m //Length of DB & AC +L_AC=2 +L_DB=2 +L_CD=4 //m //Length of CD +L_CE=2 //m //Length of CE +F_A=40 //KN //Force at C +F_B=20 //KN //Force at A +E=200*10**6 //KN/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +I=50*10**-6 //m**4 //M.I + +//Calculations + +//LEt V_C & V_D be the reactions at C & D respectively +//V_C+V_D=60 + +//Taking Moment At D,M_D +V_C=-(-F_A*(L_AC+L_CE+L_ED)+F_B*L_DB)*L_CD**-1 +V_D=60-V_C + +//Now Taking Moment at Distance x from A, +//M_x=-40*x+50*(x-2)+10*(x-6) + +//EI*(d**2*y/dx**2)=-40*x+50*(x-2)+10*(x-6) + +//Now Integrating above Equation we get +//EI*(dy/dx)=C1+20*x**2-25*(x-2)+5*(x-6)**2 + +//Again Integrating above Equation we get +//EI*y=C2+C1*x-20*3**-1*x**3+25*3**-1*(x-2)**3+5*3**-1*(x-6)**3 + +//At +x=0 +y=0 +//C2+2*C1=-53.33 ...............(1) + +//At +x=6 +y=0 +//C2+6*C1=906.667 ...............(2) + +//Subtracting Equation 1 from 2 we get +C1=853.333*4**-1 +C2=53.333-2*C1 +x=0 +y_A=(C2+C1*x-20*3**-1*x**3+25*3**-1*(x-2)**3+5*3**-1*(x-6)**3)*(E*I)**-1 + +//Answer For y_A is incorrect in textbook + +//At Mid-span +C1=853.333*4**-1 +C2=53.333-2*C1 +x=4 +y_E=(C2+C1*x-20*3**-1*x**3+25*3**-1*(x-2)**3+5*3**-1*(x-6)**3)*(E*I)**-1 + +//Answer For y_E is incorrect in textbook + +//At B +C1=853.333*4**-1 +C2=53.333-2*C1 +x=8 +y_B=(C2+C1*x-20*3**-1*x**3+25*3**-1*(x-2)**3+5*3**-1*(x-6)**3)*(E*I)**-1 + + +//Result +printf("\n Deflection relative to the level of the supports:at End A %0.4f mm",y_A) +printf("\n :at End B %0.4f mm",y_B) +printf("\n :at Centre of CD %0.4f mm",y_E) diff --git a/3864/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3864/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d16b55d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=3000 //mm //span of beam +a=2000 //mm +W1=20*10**3 //N //Pt Load Acting on beam +W2=30*10**3 //N //Pt Load Acting on beam +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +I=2*10**8 //mm**4 //M.I + +//Calculations + +//Deflection at free End Due to W2 +dell1=W2*L**3*(3*E*I)**-1 //mm + +//Deflection at free end Due to W1 +dell2=W1*a**3*(3*E*I)**-1+(L-a)*W1*a**2*(2*E*I)**-1 //mm + +//Total Deflection at free end +dell=dell1+dell2 //mm + +//Result +printf("\n Deflection at Free End is %0.2f mm",dell) diff --git a/3864/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3864/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46dcb2ca2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +// + + +//Initilization of Variables + +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Youngs Modulus +I=180*10**6 //mm**4 //M.I +W1=20 //N/m //u.d.l +W2=20*10**3 //N //Pt load +L=3000 //m //Span of beam +a=2000 //m //Span of u.d.l + +//Calculations + +//Displacement of free End due to 20 KN Pt load at free end +dell1=W2*L**3*(3*E*I)**-1 //mm + +//Displacement of free end due to u.d.l +dell2=W1*a**4*(8*E*I)**-1+(L-a)*W1*a**3*(6*E*I)**-1 + +//Deflection at free end +dell=dell1+dell2 //mm + +//Result +printf("\n The Displacement of Free End of cantilever beam is %0.2f mm",dell) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13d455f14 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=10000 //mm //Length of solid shaft +d=100 //mm //Diameter of shaft +n=150 //rpm +P=112.5*10**6 //N-mm/sec //Power Transmitted +G=82*10**3 //N/mm**2 //modulus of Rigidity + +//Calculations + +J=%pi*d**4*(32)**-1 //mm**3 //Polar Modulus +T=P*60*(2*%pi*n)**-1 //N-mm //Torsional moment + +r=50 //mm //Radius + +q_s=T*r*J**-1 //N/mm**2 //Max shear stress intensity +Theta=T*L*(G*J)**-1 //angle of twist + +//Result +printf("\n Max shear stress intensity %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s) +printf("\n Angle of Twist %0.3f radian",Theta) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3f927997 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=250*10**6 //N-mm/sec //Power transmitted +n=100 //rpm +q_s=75 //N/mm**2 //Shear stress + +//Calculations + +//From Equation of Power we have +T=P*60*(2*%pi*n)**-1 //N-mm //Torsional moment + +//Now from torsional moment equation we have +//T=j*q_s*(d/2**-1)**-1 +//After substituting values in above equation and further simplifying we get +//T=%pi*16**-1**d**3*q_s +d=(T*16*(%pi*q_s)**-1)**0.3333 //mm //Diameter of solid shaft + +//PArt-2 + +//Let d1 and d2 be the outer and inner diameter of hollow shaft +//d2=0.6*d1 + +//Again from torsional moment equation we have +//T=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4)*q_s*(d1/2)**-1 +d1=(T*16*(%pi*(1-0.6**4)*q_s)**-1)**0.33333 +d2=0.6*d1 + +//Cross sectional area of solid shaft +A1=%pi*4**-1*d**2 //mm**2 + +//cross sectional area of hollow shaft +A2=%pi*4**-1*(d1**2-d2**2) + +//Now percentage saving in weight +//Let W be the percentage saving in weight +W=(A1-A2)*100*A1**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Size of shaft is:solid shaft:d %0.3f mm",d) +printf("\n :Hollow shaft:d1 %0.3f mm",d1) +printf("\n : :d2 %0.3f mm",d2) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a38b0a948 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables +d=100 //mm //Diameter of solid shaft +d1=100 //mm //Outer Diameter of hollow shaft +d2=50 //mm //Inner Diameter of hollow shaft + +//Calculations + +//Torsional moment of solid shaft +//T_s=J*q_s*(d*2**-1)**-1 +//After substituting values in above equation and further simplifying we get +//T_s=%pi*16*d**3*q_s ...............(1) + +//torsional moment for hollow shaft is +//T_h=J*q_s*(d1**4-d2**4)**-1*(d1*2**-1) +//After substituting values in above equation and further simplifying we get +//T_h=%pi*32**-1*2*d1**-1*(d1**4-d2**4)*q_s ...........(2) + +//Dividing Equation 2 by 1 we get +//Let the ratio of T_h*T_s**-1 Be X +X=1-0.5**4 + +//Loss in strength +//Let s be the loss in strength +//s=T_s*T_h*100*T_s**-1 +//After substituting values in above equation and further simplifying we get +s=(1-0.9375)*100 + +//Weight Ratio +//Let w be the Weight ratio +//w=W_h*W_s**-1 + +A_h=%pi*32**-1*(d1**2-d2**2) //mm**2 //Area of Hollow shaft +A_s=%pi*32**-1*d**2 //mm**2 //Area of solid shaft + +w=A_h*A_s**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Loss in strength is %0.2f ",s) +printf("\n Weight ratio is %0.2f ",w) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12f36afcd --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables +T=8 //KN-m //Torque +d=100 //mm //Diameter of portion AB +d1=100 //mm //External Diameter of Portion BC +d2=75 //mm //Internal Diameter of Portion BC +G=80 //KN/mm**2 //Modulus of Rigidity +L1=1500 //mm //Radial Distance of Portion AB +L2=2500 //mm //Radial Distance ofPortion BC + +//Calculations + +R=d*2**-1 //mm //Radius of shaft + +//For Portion AB,Polar Modulus +J1=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm**4 + +//For Portion BC,Polar modulus +J2=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 + +//Now Max stress occurs in portion BC since max radial Distance is sme in both cases +q_max=T*J2**-1*R*10**6 //N/mm**2 + +//Let theta1 be the rotation in Portion AB and theta2 be the rotation in portion BC +theta1=T*L1*(G*J1)**-1 //Radians +theta2=T*L2*(G*J2)**-1 //Radians + +//Total Rotational at end C +theta=(theta1+theta2)*10**3 //Radians + +//Result +printf("\n Max stress induced is %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max) +printf("\n Angle of Twist is %0.3f radians",theta) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62b0e8876 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +q_b=80 //N/mm**2 //Shear stress in Brass +q_s=100 //N/mm**2 //Shear stress in Steel +G_b=40*10**3 //N/mm**2 +G_s=80*10**3 +L_b=1000 //mm //Length of brass shaft +L_s=1200 //mm //Length of steel shaft +d1=80 //mm //Diameter of brass shaft +d2=60 //mm //Diameter of steel shaft + +//Calculations + +//Polar modulus of brass rod +J_b=%pi*32**-1*d1**4 //mm**4 + +//Polar modulus of steel rod +J_s=%pi*32**-1*d2**4 //mm**4 + +//Considering bras Rod:AB +T1=J_b*q_b*(d1*2**-1)**-1 //N-mm + +//Considering Steel Rod:BC +T2=J_s*q_s*(d2*2**-1)**-1 //N-mm + +//Max Torque that can be applied +T2 + +//Let theta_b and theta_s be the rotations in Brass and steel respectively +theta_b=T2*L_b*(G_b*J_b)**-1 //Radians +theta_s=T2*L_s*(G_s*J_s)**-1 //Radians + +theta=theta_b+theta_s //Radians //Rotation of free end + +//Result +printf("\n Total of free end is %0.3f Radians",theta) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a96281897 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Rigidity +d1=100 //mm //Outer diameter of hollow shft +d2=80 //mm //Inner diameter of hollow shaft +d=80 //mm //diameter of Solid shaft +d3=60 //mm //diameter of Solid shaft having L=0.5m +L1=300 //mm //Length of Hollow shaft +L2=400 //mm //Length of solid shaft +L3=500 //mm //LEngth of solid shaft of diameter 60mm +T1=2*10**6 //N-mm //Torsion in Shaft AB +T2=1*10**6 //N-mm //Torsion in shaft BC +T3=1*10**6 //N-mm //Torsion in shaft CD + +//Calculations + +//Now Polar modulus of section AB +J1=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 + +//Polar modulus of section BC +J2=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm**4 + +//Polar modulus of section CD +J3=%pi*32**-1*d3**4 //mm**4 + +//Now angle of twist of AB +theta1=T1*L1*(G*J1)**-1 //radians + +//Angle of twist of BC +theta2=T2*L2*(G*J2)**-1 //radians + +//Angle of twist of CD +theta3=T3*L3*(G*J3)**-1 //radians + +//Angle of twist +theta=theta1-theta2+theta3 //Radians + +//Shear stress in AB From Torsion Equation +q_s1=T1*(d1*2**-1)*J1**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Shear stress in BC +q_s2=T2*(d*2**-1)*J2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Shear stress in CD +q_s3=T3*(d3*2**-1)*J3**-1 //N-mm**2 + +//As max shear stress occurs in portion CD,so consider CD + +//Result +printf("\n Angle of twist at free end is %0.5f Radian",theta) +printf("\n Max Shear stress %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s3) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76268c16b --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=1000 //mm //Length of bar +L1=600 //mm //Length of Bar AB +L2=400 //mm //Length of Bar BC +d1=60 //mm //Outer Diameter of bar BC +d2=30 //mm //Inner Diameter of bar BC +d=60 //mm //Diameter of bar AB +T=2*10**6 //N-mm //Total Torque + +//Calculations + +//Polar Modulus of Portion AB +J1=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm*4 + +//Polar Modulus of Portion BC +J2=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 + +//Let T1 be the torque resisted by bar AB and T2 be torque resisted by Bar BC +//Let theta1 and theta2 be the rotation of shaft in portion AB & BC + +//theta1=T1*L1*(G*J1)**-1 //radians +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//theta1=32*600*T1*(%pi*60**4*G)**-1 + +//theta2=T2*L*(J2*G)**-1 //Radians +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//theta2=32*400*T2*(%pi*60**4*(1-0.5**4)*G)**-1 + +//Now For consistency of Deformation,theta1=theta2 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//T1=0.7111*T2 ..................................................(1) + +//But T1+T2=T=2*10**6 ...........................................(2) +//Substituting value of T1 in above equation + +T2=T*(0.7111+1)**-1 +T1=0.71111*T2 + +//Max stress in Portion AB +q_s1=T1*(d*2**-1)*(J1)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Max stress in Portion BC +q_s2=T2*(d1*2**-1)*J2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses Developed in Portion:AB %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s1) +printf("\n :BC %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s2) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7012e6601 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d1=80 //mm //External Diameter of Brass tube +d2=50 //mm //Internal Diameter of Brass tube +d=50 //mm //Diameter of steel Tube +G_b=40*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Rigidity of brass tube +G_s=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of rigidity of steel tube +T=6*10**6 //N-mm //Torque +L=2000 //mm //Length of Tube + +//Calculations + +//Polar Modulus of brass tube +J1=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 + +//Polar modulus of steel Tube +J2=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm**4 + +//Let T_s & T_b be the torque resisted by steel and brass respectively +//Then, T_b+T_s=T ............................................(1) + +//Since the angle of twist will be the same +//Theta1=Theta2 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//Ts=0.360*Tb ...........................................(2) + +//After substituting value of Ts in eqn 1 and further simplifying we get +T_b=T*(0.36+1)**-1 //N-mm +T_s=0.360*T_b + +//Let q_s and q_b be the max stress in steel and brass respectively +q_b=T_b*(d1*2**-1)*J1**-1 //N/mm**2 +q_s=T_s*(d2*2**-1)*J2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Since angle of twist in brass=angle of twist in steel +theta_s=T_s*L*(J2*G_s)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses Developed in Materials are:Brass %0.2f N/mm**2",q_b) +printf("\n :Steel %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s) +printf("\n Angle of Twist in 2m Length %0.3f Radians",theta_s) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf2139d10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d1=60 //mm //External Diameter of aluminium Tube +d2=40 //mm //Internal Diameter of aluminium Tube +d=40 //mm //Diameter of steel tube +q_a=60 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress in aluminium +q_s=100 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress in steel tube +G_a=27*10**3 //N/mm**2 +G_s=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 + +//Calculations + +//Polar modulus of aluminium Tube +J_a=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 + +//Polar Modulus of steel Tube +J_s=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm**4 + +//Now the angle of twist of steel tube = angle of twist of aluminium tube +//T_s*L_s*(J_s*theta_s)**-1=T_a*L_a*(J_a*theta_a)**-1 +//After substituting values in above Equation and Further simplifyin we get +//T_s=0.7293*T_a .....................(1) + +//If steel Governs the resisting capacity +T_s1=q_s*J_s*(d*2**-1)**-1 //N-mm +T_a1=T_s1*0.7293**-1 //N-mm +T1=(T_s1+T_a1)*10**-6 //KN-m //Total Torque in steel Tube + +//If aluminium Governs the resisting capacity +T_a2=q_a*J_a*(d1*2**-1) //N-mm +T_s2=T_a2*0.7293 //N-mm +T2=(T_s2+T_a2)*10**-6 //KN-m //Total Torque in aluminium tube + +//Result +printf("\n Steel Governs the torque carrying capacity %0.2f KN-m",T1) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c4184559 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=440*10**6 //N-m/sec //Power transmitted +n=280 //rpm +theta=%pi*180**-1 //radian //angle of twist +L=1000 //mm //Length of solid shaft +q_s=40 //N/mm**2 //Max torsional shear stress +G=84*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of rigidity + +//Calculations + +//P=2*%pi*n*T*(60)**-1 //Equation of Power transmitted +T=P*60*(2*%pi*n)**-1 //N-mm //torsional moment + +//From Consideration of shear stress +d1=(T*16*(%pi*40)**-1)**0.333333 + +//From Consideration of angle of twist +d2=(T*L*32*180*(%pi*84*10**3*%pi)**-1)**0.25 + +//result +printf("\n Diameter of solid shaft is %0.2f mm",d1) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8f895881 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +T=2*10**6 //N-mm //Torque transmitted +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of rigidity +d1=40 //mm +d2=80 //mm +r1=20 //mm +r2=40 //mm +L=2000 //mm //Length of shaft + +//Calculations + +//Angle of twist +theta=2*T*L*(r1**2+r1*r2+r2**2)*(3*%pi*G*r2**3*r1**3)**-1 //radians + +//If the shaft is treated as shaft of average Diameter +d_avg=(d1+d2)*2**-1 //mm + +theta1=T*L*(G*%pi*32**-1*d_avg**4)**-1 //Radians + +//Percentage Error +//Let Percentage Error be E +X=theta-theta1 +E=(X*theta**-1)*100 + +//Result +printf("Percentage Error is %0.3f",E) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..031493439 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 +P=1*10**9 //N-mm/sec //Power +n=300 +d1=150 //mm //Outer Diameter +d2=120 //mm //Inner Diameter +L=2000 //mm //Length of circular shaft + +//Calculations + +T=P*60*(2*%pi*n)**-1 //N-mm + +//Polar Modulus +J=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 + +q_s=T*J**-1*(d1*2**-1) //N/mm**2 + + +//Strain ENergy +U=q_s**2*(4*G)**-1*%pi*4**-1*(d1**2-d2**2)*L + +//Result +printf("\n Max shear stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s) +printf("\n Strain Energy stored in the shaft is %0.2f N-mm",U) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..573d185e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=12 //mm //Diameter of helical spring +D=150 //mm //Mean Diameter +R=D*2**-1 //mm //Radius of helical spring +n=10 //no.of turns +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 +W=450 //N //Load + +//Calculations + +//Max shear stress +q_s=16*W*R*(%pi*d**3)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Strain Energy stored +U=32*W**2*R**3*n*(G*d**4)**-1 //N-mm + +//Deflection Produced +dell=64*W*R**3*n*(G*d**4)**-1 //mm + +//Stiffness Spring +k=W*dell**-1 //N/mm + +//Result +printf("\n Max shear stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s) +printf("\n Strain Energy stored is %0.2f N-mm",U) +printf("\n Deflection Produced is %0.2f mm",dell) +printf("\n Stiffness spring is %0.2f N/mm",k) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d93dc86f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +K=5 //N/mm //Stiffness +L=100 //mm //Solid Length +q_s=60 //N/mm**2 //Max shear stress +W=200 //N //Max Load +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 + +//Calculations + +//K=W*dell**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//d=0.004*R**3*n ........(1) //mm //Diameter of wire +//n=L*d**-1 ........(2) + +//From Shearing stress +//q_s=16*W*R*(%pi*d**3)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//d**4=0.004*R**3*n .................(4) + +//From Equation 1,2,3 +//d**4=0.004*(0.0785*d**3)**3*100*d**-1 +//after further simplifying we get +d=5168.101**0.25 +n=100*d**-1 +R=(d**4*(0.004*n)**-1)**0.3333 + +//Result +printf("\n Diameter of Wire is %0.2f mm",d) +printf("\n No.of turns is %0.2f ",n) +printf("\n Mean Radius of spring is %0.2f mm",R) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54c23cd26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +m=5*10**5 //Wagon Weighing +v=18*1000*36000**-1 +d=300 //mm //Diameter of Beffer springs +n=18 //no.of turns +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 +dell=225 +R=100 //mm //Mean Radius + +//Calculations + +//Energy of Wagon +E=m*v**2*(9.81*2)**-1 //N-mm + +//Load applied +W=dell*G*d**4*(64*R**3*n)**-1 //N + +//Energy each spring can absorb is +E2=W*dell*2**-1 //N-mm + +//No.of springs required to absorb energy of Wagon +n2=E*E2**-1 *10**7 + +//Result +printf("\n No.of springs Required for Buffer is %0.2f ",n2) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1b4c1ee4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +b=180 //mm //width of flange +d=10 //mm //Depth of flange +t=10 //mm //Thickness of flange +D=400 //mm //Overall Depth + +//Calculations + +I_xx=1*12**-1*(b*D**3-(b-t)*(D-2*d)**3) +I_yy=1*12**-1*((D-2*d)*t**3+2*t*b**3) + +//If warping is neglected +J=I_xx+I_yy //mm**4 + +//Since b/d>1.6,we get +J2=1*3**-1*d**3*b*(1-0.63*d*b**-1)*2+1*3**-1*t**3*(D-2*d)*(1-0.63*t*b**-1) + +//Over Estimation of torsional Rigidity would have been +T=J*J2**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Error in assessing torsional Rigidity if the warping is neglected is %0.2f ",T) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f3185b4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d1=100 //mm //Outer Diameter +d2=95 //mm //Inner Diameter +T=2*10**6 //N-mm //Torque + +//Calculations + +J=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 //Polar Modulus + +//Shear stress +q_max=T*J**-1*d1*2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Now theta*L**-1=T*(G*J)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +//Let theta*L**-1=X +X=T*J**-1 + +//Now Treating it as very thin walled tube +d=(d1+d2)*2**-1 //mm + +r=d*2**-1 +t=(d1-d2)*2**-1 +q_max2=T*(2*%pi*r**2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +X2=T*(2*%pi*r**3*t)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n When it is treated as hollow shaft:Max shear stress %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max) +printf("\n :Angle of Twist per unit Length %0.3f ",X) +printf("\n When it is very thin Walled Tube :Max shear stress %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max2) +printf("\n :Angle of twist per Unit Length %0.3f ",X2) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d5ac6967 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of rigidity +q_s=80 //N/mm**2 //Max sheare stress +P=736*10**6 //N-mm/sec //Power transmitted +n=200 + +//Calculations + +T=P*60*(2*%pi*n)**-1 //N-mm //Torsional moment + +//Now From consideration of angle of twist +theta=%pi*180**-1 +//L=15*d + +d=(T*32*180*15*(%pi**2*G)**-1)**0.33333 + +//Now corresponding stress at the surface is +q_s2=T*32*d*(%pi*2*d**4)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Max diameter required is %0.2f mm",d) +printf("\n Corresponding shear stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s2) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c51b1470 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=25 //mm //Diameter of steel bar +p=50*10**3 //N //Pull +dell_1=0.095 //mm //Extension of bar +l=200 //mm //Guage Length +T=200*10**3 //N-mm //Torsional moment +theta=0.9*%pi*180**-1 //angle of twist +L=250 //mm Length of steel bar + +//Calculations + +A=%pi*4**-1*d**2 //Area of steel bar //mm**2 +E=p*l*(dell_1*A)**-1 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity + +J=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm**4 //Polar modulus + +G=T*L*(theta*J)**-1 //Modulus of rigidity //N/mm**2 + +//Now from the relation of Elastic constants +mu=E*(2*G)**-1-1 + +//result +printf("\n The Poissons ratio is %0.3f ",mu) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ee4239e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=6000 //mm //Length of circular shaft +d1=100 //mm //Outer Diameter +d2=75 //mm //Inner Diameter +R=100*2**-1 //Radius of shaft +T=10*10**6 //N-mm //Torsional moment +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Rigidity + +//Calculations + +J=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 //Polar Modulus + +//Max Shear stress produced +q_s=T*R*J**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Angle of twist +theta=T*L*(G*J)**-1 //Radian + +//Result +printf("\n MAx shear stress produced is %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s) +printf("\n Angle of Twist is %0.2f Radian",theta) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f16af5a6e --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d1=200 //mm //External Diameter of shaft +t=25 //mm //Thickness of shaft +n=200 //rpm +theta=0.5*%pi*180**-1 //Radian //angle of twist +L=2000 //mm //Length of shaft +G=84*10**3 //N/mm**2 +d2=d1-2*t //mm //Internal Diameter of shaft + +//Calculations + +J=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 //Polar Modulus + +//Torsional moment +T=G*J*theta*L**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Power Transmitted +P=2*%pi*n*T*60**-1*10**-6 //N-mm + +//Max shear stress transmitted +q_s=G*theta*(d1*2**-1)*L**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Power Transmitted is %0.2f N-mm",P) +printf("\n Max Shear stress produced is %0.2f N/mm**2",q_s) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70abac79a --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=3750*10**6 //N-mm/sec +n=240 //Rpm +q_s=160 //N/mm**2 //Max shear stress + +//Calculations + +//d2=0.8*d2 //mm //Internal Diameter of shaft + +//J=%pi*32**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 //Polar modulus +//After substituting value in above Equation we get +//J=0.05796*d1**4 + +T=P*60*(2*%pi*n)**-1 //N-mm //Torsional moment + +//Now from Torsion Formula +//T*J**-1=q_s*R**-1 ......................................(1) + +//But R=d1*2**-1 + +//Now substituting value of R and J in Equation (1) we get +d1=(T*(0.05796*q_s*2)**-1)**0.33333 + +d2=d1*0.8 + +//Result +printf("\n The size of the Shaft is:d1 %0.3f mm",d1) +printf("\n :d2 %0.3f mm",d2) diff --git a/3864/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3864/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51b52d047 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +P=245*10**6 //N-mm/sec //Power transmitted +n=240 //rpm +q_s=40 //N/mm**2 //Shear stress +theta=%pi*180**-1 //radian //Angle of twist +L=1000 //mm //Length of shaft +G=80*10**3 //N/mm**2 + +//Tmax=1.5*T + +//Calculations + +T=P*60*(2*%pi*n)**-1 //N-mm //Torsional Moment +Tmax=1.5*T + +//Now For Solid shaft +//J=%pi*32*d**4 + +//Now from the consideration of shear stress we get +//T*J**-1=q_s*(d*2**-1)**-1 +//After substituting value in above Equation we get +//T=%pi*16**-1*d**3*q_s + +//Designing For max Torque +d=(Tmax*16*(%pi*40)**-1)**0.33333 //mm //Diameter of shaft + +//For max Angle of Twist +//Tmax*J**-1=G*theta*L**-1 +//After substituting value in above Equation we get +d2=(Tmax*32*180*L*(%pi**2*G)**-1)**0.25 + +//For Hollow Shaft + +//d1_2=Outer Diameter +//d2_2=Inner Diameter + +//d2_2=0.5*d1_2 + +// Polar modulus +//J=%pi*32**-1*(d1_2**4-d2_2**4) +//After substituting values we get +//J=0.092038*d1_2**4 + +//Now from the consideration of stress +//Tmax*J**-1=q_s*(d1_2*2**-1)**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +d1_2=(Tmax*(0.092038*2*q_s)**-1)**0.33333 + +//Now from the consideration of angle of twist +//Tmax*J**-1=G*theta*L**-1 +//After substituting values and further simplifying we get +d1_3=(Tmax*180*L*(0.092038*G*%pi)**-1)**0.25 + +d2_2=0.5*d1_2 + +//result +printf("\n Diameter of shaft is:For solid shaft:d %0.2f mm",d) +printf("\n :For Hollow shaft:d1_2 %0.3f mm",d1_2) +printf("\n : :d2_2 %0.3f mm",d2_2) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98d6372db --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +sigma1=30 //N/mm**2 //Stress in tension +d=20 //mm //Diameter +sigma2=90 //N/mm**2 //Max compressive stress +sigma3=25 //N/mm**2 + +//Calculations + +//In TEnsion + +//Corresponding stress in shear +P=sigma1*2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Tensile force +F=%pi*4**-1*d**2*sigma1 + +//In Compression + +//Correspong shear stress +P2=sigma2*2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Correspong compressive(axial) stress +p=2*sigma3 //N/mm**2 + +//Corresponding Compressive force +P3=p*%pi*4**-1*d**2 //N + +//Result +printf("\n Failure Loads are: %0.2f N",F) +printf("\n : %0.2f N",P3) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40bfce331 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Direct stresses +p_x=120 //N/mm**2 //Tensile stress +p_y=-100 //N/mm**2 //Compressive stress +p1=160 //N/mm**2 //Major principal stress + +//Calculations + +//Let q be the shearing stress + +//p1=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+((((p_x+p_y)*2**-1)**2)+q**2)**0.5 +//After further simplifying we get +q=(p1-((p_x+p_y)*2**-1))**2-((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2 //N/mm**2 +q2=(q)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Minimum Principal stress +p2=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q2**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shearing stress +q_max=(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q2**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Shearing stress of material %0.2f N/mm**2",q) +printf("\n Min Principal stress %0.2f N/mm**2",p2) +printf("\n Max shearing stress %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a000a0993 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +F=40*10**3 //N //Shear Force +M=20*10**6 //Bending Moment + +//Rectangular section +b=100 //mm //Width +d=200 //mm //Depth + +x=20 //mm //Distance from Top surface upto point +y=80 //mm //Distance from point to Bottom + +//Calculations + +I=1*12**-1*b*d**3 //mm**4 //M.I + +//At 20 mm Below top Fibre +f_x=M*I**-1*y //N/mm**2 //Stress + +//Assuming sagging moment ,f_x is compressive p_x=f_x=-24 //N/mm**2 +f_x=-24 //N/mm**2 +p_x=-24 + +//Shearing stress +q=F*(b*I)**-1*(b*x*(b-x*2**-1)) //N/mm**2 + +//Direct stresses + +p_y=0 //N/mm**2 + +p1=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+(((p_x+p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +p2=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x+p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Directions of principal stresses at a point below 20mm is: %0.2f N/mm**2",p1) +printf("\n %0.2f N/mm**2",p2) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0f69cf48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=8000 //mm //Span of beam +w=40*10**6 //N/mm //udl + +//I-section + +//Flanges +b=100 //mm //Width +t=10 //mm //Thickness + +D=400 //mm //Overall Depth +t2=10 //mm //thickness of web + +//Calculations + +//Let R_A and R_B be the Reactions at A & B respectively +R_A=w*2**-1*L*10**-9 //KN + +//Shear force at 2m for left support +F=R_A-2*w*10**-6 //KN + +//Bending Moment +M=R_A*2-2*w*10**-6 //KN-m + +//M.I +I=1*12**-1*b*D**3-1*12**-1*(b-t)*(D-2*t2)**3 //mm**4 + +//Bending stress at 100 mm above N_A +f=M*10**6*I**-1*b + +//Shear stress +q=F*10**3*(t*I)**-1*(b*t*(D-t)*2**-1 +t2*(b-t2)*145) //N/mm**2 + +p_x=-197.06 //N/mm**2 +p_y=0 //N/mm**2 +q=21.38 //N/mm**2 + +//Principal Stresses + +P1=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +P2=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shear stress +q_max=(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Principal Stresses are: %0.2f N/mm**2",P1) +printf("\n %0.2f N/mm**2",P2) +printf("\n Max shear stress %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2cefbbfc --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=100 //mm //Diameter of shaft +M=3*10**6 //N-mm //B.M +T=6*10**6 //N-mm //Twisting Moment +mu=0.3 + +//Calculations + +//Max principal Stress + +P1=16*(%pi*d**3)**-1*(M+(M**2+T**2)**0.5) //N/mm**2 +P2=16*(%pi*d**3)**-1*(M-(M**2+T**2)**0.5) //N/mm**2 + +//Direct stress +P=(P1)-mu*(P2) //N/mm**2 + + +//Result +printf("\n Principal stresses are: %0.2f N/mm**2",P1) +printf("\n : %0.2f N/mm**2",P2) +printf("\n Stress Producing the same strain is %0.2f N/mm**2",P) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63e01c0f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=75 //mm //diameter +P=30*10**6 //W //Power transmitted +W=6 //N-mm/sec //Load +L=1000 //mm +N=300 //r.p.m + +//Calculations + +//B.M +M=W*L*4**-1 //N-mm +T=P*60*(2*%pi*N)**-1 //Torque transmitted + +//M.I +I=%pi*64**-1*d**4 //mm**4 + +//Bending stress +f_A=M*I**-1*(d*2**-1) //N/mm**2 + +//At A +p_x=f_A +p_y=0 + +//Polar Modulus +J=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm**4 + +//Shearing stress +q=T*J**-1*(d*2**-1) //N/mm**2 + +//Principal Stresses +P1=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +P2=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shear stress +q_max=(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Bending stress +p_x2=0 +p_y2=0 + +//Shearing stress +q2=T*J**-1*d*2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Principal stresses +P3=(p_x2+p_y2)*2**-1+(((p_x2-p_y2)*2**-1)**2+q2**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +P4=(p_x2+p_y2)*2**-1-(((p_x2-p_y2)*2**-1)**2+q2**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shear stress +q_max2=(((p_x2-p_y2)*2**-1)**2+q2**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Answer for Principal Stresses P1,P2 and Max stress i.e q_max is incorrect in Book + +//Result +printf("\n Principal Stresses at vertical Diameter:P1 %0.2f N/mm**2",P1) +printf("\n :P2 %0.2f N/mm**2",P2) +printf("\n Max stress at vertical Diameter : %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max) +printf("\n Principal Stresses at Horizontal Diameter:P3 %0.2f N/mm**2",P3) +printf("\n :P4 %0.2f N/mm**2",P4) +printf("\n Max stress at Horizontal Diameter : %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max2) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8bb052951 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=25 //mm //Diameter of circular bar +F=20*10**3 //N //Axial Force +theta=30 //Degree //angle + +//Calculations + +//Axial stresses +p=F*(%pi*4**-1*d**2)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Normal Stress +p_n=p*(cos(30*%pi*180**-1))**2 + +//Tangential Stress +p_t=p*2**-1*sin(2*theta*%pi*180**-1) + +//Max shear stress occurs on plane where theta2=45 +theta2=45 +sigma_max=p*2**-1*sin(2*theta2*%pi*180**-1) + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses developed on a plane making 30 degree is: %0.2f N/mm**2",p_n) +printf("\n : %0.2f N/mm**2",p_t) +printf("\n stress on max shear stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma_max) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8567c8a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d1=100 //mm //External Diameter +d2=50 //mm //Internal Diameter +N=500 //mm //r.p.m +P=60*10**6 //N-mm/sec //Power +p=100 //N/mm**2 //principal stress + +//Calculations + +//M.I +I=%pi*(d1**4-d2**4)*64**-1 //mm**4 + +//Bending Stress +//f=M*I*d1*2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Principal Planes +//p_x=32*M*(%pi*(d1**4-d2**4))*d1 +//p_y=0 + +//Shear stress +//q=T*J**-1*(d1*2**-1) +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +//q=16*T*d1*(%pi*(d1**4-d2**4))*d1 + +//Principal stresses +//P1=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +//P1=16*(%pi*(d1**4-d2**4))*d1*(M+(M**2+t**2)**0.5) ...............(1) + +//P=2*%pi*N*T*60**-1 +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +T=P*60*(2*%pi*N)**-1*10**-6 //N-mm + +//Again Sub values and further simplifying Equation 1 we get +M=(337.533)*(36.84)**-1 //KN-m + +//Min Principal stress +//P2=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +//Sub values and further simplifying we get +P2=16*(%pi*(d1**4-d2**4))*d1*(M-(M**2+T**2)**0.5)*10**-11 + +//Result +printf("\n Bending Moment safely applied to shaft is %0.2f KN-m",M) +printf("\n Min Principal Stress is %0.3f N/mm**2",P2) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f8167ce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=150 //mm //Diameter +T=20*10**6 //N //Torque +M=12*10**6 //N-mm //B.M +F=200*10**3 //N //Axial Thrust + +//Calculations + +//M.I +I=(%pi*64**-1*d**4) + +//Bending stress +f_A=M*I**-1*(d*2**-1) //N/mm**2 +f_B=-f_A //N/mm**2 + +//Axial thrust due to thrust +sigma=F*(%pi*4**-1*d**2)**-1 + +//At A +p_x=f_A-sigma //N/mm**2 + +//At B +p_x2=f_B-sigma //N/mm**2 + +p_y=0 //At A and B + +//Polar Modulus +J=%pi*32**-1*d**4 //mm**4 + +//Shearing stress at A and B +q=T*J**-1*(d*2**-1) //N/mm**2 + + +//Principal Stresses +//At A +P1=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +P2=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shear stress +q_max1=(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//At B +P1_2=(p_x2+p_y)*2**-1+(((p_x2-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +P2_2=(p_x2+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x2-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shear stress +q_max2=(((p_x2-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + + +//Result +printf("\n MAx Principal Stresses:P1 %0.2f N/mm**2",P1) +printf("\n :P2 %0.2f N/mm**2",P2) +printf("\n Min Principal Stresses:P1_2 %0.2f N/mm**2",P1_2) +printf("\n :P2_2 %0.2f N/mm**2",P2_2) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99d992598 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//strains +e_A=500 //microns +e_B=250 //microns +e_C=-150 //microns +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio +theta=45 //Degrees + +//Calculations +e_x=500 +e_A=500 +e_45=250 +e_B=250 +e_y=-150 +e_C=-150 + +//e_45=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1+(e_x-e_y)*2**-1*cos(2*theta)+rho_x_y*2**-1*sin(2*theta) +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +rho_x_y=(e_45-(e_x+e_y)*2**-1-(e_x-e_y)*2**-1*cos(2*theta*%pi*180**-1))*(sin(2*theta*%pi*180**-1))**-1*2 + +//Principal strains are given by +e1=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1+(((e_x-e_y)*2**-1)**2+(rho_x_y*2**-1)**2)**0.5 //microns +e2=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1-(((e_x-e_y)*2**-1)**2+(rho_x_y*2**-1)**2)**0.5 //microns + +//Principal Stresses +sigma1=E*(e1+mu*e2)*(1-mu**2)**-1*10**-6 //N/mm**2 +sigma2=E*(e2+mu*e1)*(1-mu**2)**-1*10**-6 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Principal Strains are:e1 %0.2f N/mm**2",e1) +printf("\n :e2 %0.2f N/mm**2",e2) +printf("\n Principal Stresses are:sigma1 %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma1) +printf("\n :sigma2 %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma2) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0520404bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Strains +e_A=600 //microns +e_B=-450 //microns +e_C=100 //micron +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio +theta=240 + +//Calculations + +e_x=600 +e_A=600 + +//e_A=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1+(e_x-e_y)*2**-1*cos(theta)+rho_x_y*2**-1*sin(theta) +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +//-450=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1-(e_x-e_y)*2**-1*(0.5)-0.866*2**-1*rho_x_y .....................(1) + +//e_C=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1+(e_x-e_y)*2**-1*cos(2*theta)+rho_x_y*2**-1*sin(2*theta) +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +//100=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1-0.5*(e_x-e_y)*2**-1*(0.5)-0.866*2**-1*rho_x_y .....................(2) + +//Adding Equation 1 and 2 we get equations as +//-350=e_x+e_y-(e_x-e_y)*2**-1 ...............(3) +//Further simplifying we get + +e_y=(-700-e_x)*3**-1 //micron + +rho_x_y=(e_C-(e_x+e_y)*2**-1-(e_x-e_y)*2**-1*cos(2*theta*%pi*180**-1))*(sin(2*theta*%pi*180**-1))**-1*2 //micron + +//Principal strains +e1=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1-(((e_x-e_y)*2**-1)**2+(rho_x_y*2**-1)**2)**0.5 //microns +e2=(e_x+e_y)*2**-1+(((e_x-e_y)*2**-1)**2+(rho_x_y*2**-1)**2)**0.5 //microns + +//Principal Stresses +sigma1=E*(e1+mu*e2)*(1-mu**2)**-1*10**-6 //N/mm**2 +sigma2=E*(e2+mu*e1)*(1-mu**2)**-1*10**-6 //N/mm**2 + + +//Result +printf("\n Principal Stresses are:sigma1 %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma1) +printf("\n :sigma2 %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma2) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..20c40bf75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Direct Stresses +P1=60 //N/mm**2 +P2=100 //N/mm**2 + +Theta=25 //Degree //Angle + +//Calculations + +//Normal Stress +P_n=(P1-P2)*2**-1+(P1+P2)*2**-1*cos(2*Theta*%pi*180**-1) //N/mm**2 + +//Tangential Stress +P_t=(P1+P2)*2**-1*sin(Theta*2*%pi*180**-1) //N/mm**2 + +//Resultant stress +P=(P_n**2+P_t**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +theta2=atan(P_n*P_t**-1)*(180*%pi**-1) + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses on the plane AC is: %0.2f N/mm**2",P_n) +printf("\n %0.2f N/mm**2",P_t) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c07f45f71 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//stresses +p_x=60 //N/mm**2 +p_y=-40 //N/mm**2 + +q=10 //N/mm**2 //shear stress + +//Calculations + +//Principal Stresses +p1=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 +p2=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1-(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shear stress +q_max=(((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Inclination of principal stress to plane +theta=atan(2*q*(p_x-p_y)**-1)*(180*%pi**-1)//Degrees +theta2=(theta)*2**-1 //degrees + +theta3=(theta+180)*2**-1 //degrees + +//Result +printf("\n Principal Stresses are: %0.2f N/mm**2",p1) +printf("\n : %0.2f N/mm**2",p2) +printf("\n Max shear stresses %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max) diff --git a/3864/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3864/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d272a4ebd --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//stresses +p_x=-40 //N/mm**2 +p_y=80 //N/mm**2 + +q=48 //N/mm**2 //shear stress + +//Calculations + +//Max shear stress +q_max=((((p_x-p_y)*2**-1)**2)+q**2)**0.5 //N/mm**2 + +//Inclination of principal stress to plane +theta=atan(2*q*(p_x-p_y)**-1)*(180*%pi**-1)//Degrees +theta2=(theta)*2**-1 //degrees + +theta3=(theta+180)*2**-1 //degrees + +//Normal Corresponding stress +p_n=(p_x+p_y)*2**-1+(p_x-p_y)*2**-1*cos(2*(theta2+45)*%pi*180**-1)+q*sin(2*(theta2+45)*%pi*180**-1) //Degrees + +//Resultant stress +p=((p_n**2+q_max**2)**0.5) //N/mm**2 + +phi=atan(p_n*q_max**-1)*(180*%pi**-1) //Degrees + +//Inclination to the plane +alpha=((theta2+45))+(phi )//Degree + + +//Answer in book is incorrect of alpha ie41.25 + +//Result +printf("\n Planes of max shear stress: %0.2f N/mm**2",p_n) +printf("\n %0.2f N/mm*2",q_max) +printf("\n Resultant Stress is %0.2f N/mm**2",p) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a58d18d29 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=3000 //mm //Length +d1=1000 //mm //Internal diameter +t=15 //mm //Thickness +P=1.5 //N/mm**2 //Fluid Pressure +E=2*10**5 //n/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio + +//Calculations + +//Hoop stress +f1=P*d1*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Longitudinal Stress +f2=P*d1*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Max shear stress +q_max=(f1-f2)*2**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Diametrical Strain +//Let e1=dell_d*d**-1 .....................(1) +e1=(f1-mu*f2)*E**-1 + +//Sub values in equation 1 and further simplifying we get +dell_d=e1*d1 //mm + +//Longitudinal strain +//e2=dell_L*L**-1 ......................(2) +e2=(f2-mu*f1)*E**-1 + +//Sub values in equation 2 and further simplifying we get +dell_L=e2*L //mm + +//Change in Volume +//Let Z=dell_V*V**-1 ................(3) +Z=2*e1+e2 + +//Sub values in equation 3 and further simplifying we get +dell_V=Z*%pi*4**-1*d1**2*L + +//Result +printf("\n Max Intensity of shear stress %0.2f N/mm**2",q_max) +printf("\n Change in the Dimensions of the shell is:dell_d %0.2f mm",dell_d) +printf("\n :dell_L %0.2f mm",dell_L) +printf("\n :dell_V %0.2f mm**3",dell_V) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f02a0b052 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d_o=300 //mm //Outside diameter +d2=200 //mm //Internal Diameter +p=14 //N/mm**2 //internal Fluid pressure +t=50 //mm //Thickness +r_o=150 //mm //Outside Diameter +r2=100 //mm //Internal Diameter + +//Calculations + +//From Lame's Equation +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a //N/mm**2 ...................(1) +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2 ...................(2) + +//At +p_x=14 //N/mm**2 + +//Sub value of p_x in equation 1 we get +//14=(100)**-1*b-a ............................(3) + +//At +p_x2=0 //N/mm**2 + +//Sub value in equation 1 we get +//0=b*(150**2)**-1-a ......................(4) + +//From Equations 3 and 4 we get +//14=b*(100**2)**-1-b*(100**2)**-1 +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +b=14*100**2*150**2*(150**2-100**2)**-1 + +//From equation 4 we get +a=b*(150**2)**-1 + +//Hoop Stress +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2 + +//At +x=100 //mm +F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2 + +//At +x2=125 //mm +F_x2=b*(x2**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2 + +//At +x3=150 //mm +F_x3=b*(x3**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2 + +//If thin Cyclindrical shell theory is used,hoop stress is uniform and is given by +F=p*d2*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Percentage error in estimating max hoop tension +E=(F_x-F)*F_x**-1*100 //% + +//Result +printf("\n Max Hoop Stress Developed in the cross-section is %0.2f N/mm**2",F) +printf("\n Plot of Variation of hoop stress") diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a29dbff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d_o=300 //mm //Outside diameter +d2=200 //mm //Internal Diameter +p=12 //N/mm**2 //internal Fluid pressure +F_max=16 //N/mm**2 //Tensile stress +r_o=150 //mm //Outside Diameter +r2=100 //mm //Internal Diameter + +//Calculations + +//Let p_o be the External Pressure applied. +//From LLame's theorem +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a ..............(1) +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a ...........................(2) + +//Now At +x=100 //mm +p_x=12 //N/mm**2 +//sub in equation 1 we get +//12=b*(100**2)**-1-a . ..................(3) + +//The Max Hoop stress occurs at least value of x where +//16=b*(100**2)**-1+a .......................(4) + +//From Equations 1 and 2 we get +//28=b*(100**2)**-1+b*(100**2)**-1 +//After furhter Simplifying we get +b=28*100**2*2**-1 + +//sub in equation 1 we get +a=-(12-(b*(100**2)**-1)) + +//Thus At +x2=150 //mm +p_o=b*(x2**2)**-1-a + +//Result +printf("\n Minimum External applied is %0.2f N/mm**2",p_o) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..320b02e37 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d1=160 //mm //Internal Diameter +r1=80 //mm //External Diameter +p1=40 //N/mm**2 //Internal Diameter +P_max=120 //N/mm**2 //Allowable stress + +//Calculations + +//From Lame's Equation we have +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a ..........................(1) +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a ...........................(2) + +//At +//Sub in equation 1 we get +//120=b*(80**2)**-1+a ........................(3) + +//The hoop tension at inner edge is max stress +//Hence +//120=b*(80**2)**-1+a .............................(4) + +//From Equation 3 and 4 we get +b=160*80**2*2**-1 + +//Sub in equation 3 we get +a=-(40-(b*(80**2)**-1)) + +//Let External radius be r_o.Since at External Surface is Zero,we get +//0=b*(r_o)**-1-a +//After Further simplifying we get +r_o=(b*a**-1)**0.5 + +//Thickness of Cyclinder +t=r_o-r1 //mm + +//Result +printf("\n Thickness Required is %0.2f mm",t) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b923e1abc --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d_o=300 //mm //Outside diameter +d1=180 //mm //Internal Diameter +p=12 //N/mm**2 //internal Fluid pressure +p_o=6 //N/mm**2 //External Pressure +r_o=150 //mm //Outside Diameter +r=90 //mm //Internal Diameter + + +//Calculations + +//From Lame's Equation we have +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a ..........................(1) +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a ...........................(2) + +//At +x=90 //N/mm**2 +r1=90 //N/mm**2 +p=42 //N/mm**2 +//Sub in equation 1 we get +//42=b*(90**2)**-1-a ..............................(3) + +//At +p2=6 //N/mm**2 +//sub in equation 1 we get +//6=b*(150**2)**-1-a ..............................(4) + +//From equations 3 and 4 weget +//36=b*(90**2)**-1-b2(150**2)**-1 +//After further simplifying we get +b=36*90**2*150**2*(150**2-90**2)**-1 + +//Sub value of b in equation 4 we get +a=b*(150**2)**-1-p_o + +//At +F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2 + +//At +x2=150 //mm +r=150 //mm + +F_x2=b*(x2**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2 + +//Now if External pressure is doubled i.e p_o2=12 //N/mm**2 We have +p_o2=12 //N/mm**2 +//sub in equation 4 we get +//12=b2*(150**2)**-1-a2 ..........................(5) + +//Max Hoop stress is to be 70.5 //N/mm**2,which occurs at x=r1=90 //mm +//Sub in equation 4 we get +//70.5=b*(90**2)**-1+a2 ................................(6) + +//Adding equation 5 and 6 +//82.5=b2*(150**2)**-1+b*(90**2)**-1 +//After furhter simplifying we get +b2=82.5*150**2*90**2*(150**2+90**2)**-1 + +//Sub in equation 5 we get +a2=b2*(150**2)**-1-12 + +//If p_i is the internal pressure required then from Lame's theorem +p_i=b2*(r1**2)**-1-a2 + +//Result +printf("\n Stresses int the material are:F_x %0.2f N/mm**2",F_x) +printf("\n :F_x2 %0.2f N/mm**2",F_x2) +printf("\n Internal Pressure that can be maintained is %0.2f N/mm**2",p_i) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17ed164c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +do=200 //mm //Inner Diameter +r_o=100 //mm //Inner radius +d1=300 //mm //outer diameter +r1=150 //mm //Outer radius +d2=250 //mm //Junction Diameter +r2=125 //mm //Junction radius +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +p=30 //N/mm**2 //radial pressure + +//Calculations + +//from Lame's Equation we get +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a ..........................(1) +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a ...........................(2) + +//Then from Boundary condition +//p_x=0 at x=100 //mm +//0=b1*(100**2)**-1-a1 .....................(3) + +//p_x2=30 //N/mm**2 at x2=125 //mm +//30=b1*(125**2)**-1-a1 ................................(4) + +//From equation 3 and 4 we get +b1=30*125**2*100**2*(100**2-125**2)**-1 + +//From Equation 3 we get +a1=b1*(100**2)**-1 + +//therefore Hoop stress in inner cyclinder at junction +F_2_1=b1*(125**2)**-1+a1 //N/mm**2 + +//Outer Cyclinder +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a ..........................(5) +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a ...........................(6) + +//Now at x=125 //mm +//p_x3=30 //N/mm**2 +//30=b2*(125**2)**-1-a2 ..................................(7) + +//At x=150 //mm +//p_x4=0 +//0=b2*(150**2)**-1-a2 ...................................(8) + +//From equations 7 and 8 +b2=30*150**2*125**2*(150**2-125**2)**-1 + +//From eqauation 8 we get +a2=b2*(150**2)**-1 + +//Hoop stress at junction +F_2_0=b2*(125**2)**-1+a2 //N/mm**2 + +rho_r=(F_2_0-F_2_1)*E**-1*r2 + +//Result +printf("\n Shrinkage Allowance is %0.3f mm",rho_r) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d7860c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d_o=500 //mm //Outer Diameter +r_o=250 //mm //Outer Radius +d1=300 //mm //Inner Diameter +r1=150 //mm //Inner Radius +d2=400 //mm //Junction Diameter +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus ofElasticity +alpha=12*10**-6 //Per degree celsius +dell_d=0.2 //mm +dell_r=0.1 //mm + +//Calculations + +//Let p be the radial pressure developed at junction +//Let Lame's Equation for internal cyclinder be +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a ................................(1) +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a ...............................(2) + +//At +x=150 //mm +p_x=0 +//Sub in equation 1 we get +//0=b*(150**2)**-1-a .........................(3) + +//At +x2=200 //mm +//p_x2=p +//p=b*(200**2)**-1-a ......................(4) + +//From Equation 3 and 4 +//p=b*(200**2)**-1-b(150**2)**-1 +//after further simplifying we get +//b=-51428.571*p + +//sub in equation 3 we get +//a1=-2.2857*p + +//therefore hoop stress at junction is +//F_2_1=-21428.571*p*(200**2)**-1-2.2857*p +//after Further simplifying we geet +//F_2_1=3.5714*p + +//Let Lame's Equation for cyclinder be +//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a .........................5 +//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a .............................6 + +//At +x=200 //mm +//p_x=p2 +//p2=b2*(20**2)**-1-a2 ...................7 + +//At +x2=200 //mm +p_x2=0 +//0=b2*(250**2)**-1-a2 ....................8 + +//from equation 7 and 8 we get +//p2=b2*(200**2)**-1-b2*(250**2)**-1 +//After further simplifying we get +//p2=b2*(250**2-200**2)*(200**2*250**2)**-1 +//b2=111111.11*p + +//from equation 7 +//a2=b2*(250**2)**-1 +//further simplifying we get +//a2=1.778*p + +//At the junctionhoop stress in outer cyclinder +//F_2_0=b2*(200**2)**-1+a2 +//After further simplifying we get +//F_2_0=4.5556*p + +//Considering circumferential strain,the compatibility condition +//rho_r*r2**-1=1*E**-1*(F_2_1+F_2_0) +//where F_2_1 is compressive and F_2_0 is tensile +//furter simplifying we get +p=0.1*200**-1*2*10**5*(3.5714+4.5556)**-1 + +//Let T be the rise in temperature required +//dell_d=d*alpha*T +//After sub values and further simplifying we get +d=250 //mm +T=dell_d*(d*alpha)**-1 //Per degree celsius + +//Result +printf("\n Radial Pressure Developed at junction %0.2f N/mm**2",p) +printf("\n Min Temperatureto outer cyclinder %0.2f Per degree Celsius",T) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea64b7d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=2000 //mm //Length +d=200 //mm // diameter +t=10 //mm //Thickness +dell_V=25000 //mm**3 //Additional volume +E=2*10**5 //n/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio + +//Calculations + +//Let p be the pressure developed + +//Circumferential Stress + +//f1=p*d*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 +//After sub values and further simplifying +//f1=10*p + +//f1=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 +//After sub values and further simplifying +//f1=5*p + +//Diameterical strain = Circumferential stress +//Let X=dell_d*d**-1 ................................(1) +//X=e1=(f1-mu*f2)*E**-1 +//After sub values and further simplifying +//e1=8.5*p*E**-1 + +//Longitudinal strain +//Let Y=dell_L*L**-1 ......................................(2) +//Y=e2=(f2-mu*f1)*E**-1 +//After sub values and further simplifying +//e2=2*p*E**-1 + +//Volumetric strain +//Let X=dell_V*V**-1 +//X=2*e1+e2 +//After sub values and further simplifying +//X=19*p*E**-1 +//After further simplifying we get +p=dell_V*(%pi*4**-1*d**2*L)**-1*E*19**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Hoop Stress +f1=p*d*(2*t)**-1 + +//Sub value of X in equation 1 we get +dell_d=8.5*p*E**-1*d + +//Sub value of Y in equation 2 we get +dell_L=2*p*E**-1*L + +//Result +printf("\n Pressure Developed is %0.2f N/mm**2",p) +printf("\n Hoop stress Developed is %0.2f N/mm**2",f1) +printf("\n Change in diameter is %0.2f mm",dell_d) +printf("\n Change in Length is %0.2f mm",dell_L) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf692919b --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=750 //mm //Diameter of water supply pipes +h=50*10**3 //mm //Water head +sigma=20 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress +rho=9810*10**-9 //N/mm**3 + +//Calculations + +//Pressure of water +P=rho*h //N/mm**2 + +//Stress +//sigma=p*d*(2*t)**-1 +//After further simplifying +t=P*d*(2*sigma)**-1 //mm + +//Result +printf("\n Thickness of seamless pipe is %0.3f mm",t) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..536feaeea --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=2500 //mm //Diameter of riveted boiler +P=1 //N/mm**2 //Pressure +rho1=0.7 //Percent efficiency +rho2=0.4 //Circumferential joints +sigma=150 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress + +//Calculations + +//Equating Bursting force to longitudinal joint strength ,we get +//p*d*L=rho1*2*t*L*sigma +//After rearranging and further simplifying we get +t=P*d*(2*sigma*rho1)**-1 //mm + +//Considering Longitudinal force +//%pi*d**2*4**-1*P=rho2*%pi*d*t*sigma +//After rearranging and further simplifying we get +t2=P*d*(4*sigma*rho2)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Thickness of plate required is %0.2f mm",t) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a11dcc63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Boiler Dimensions +t=16 //mm //Thickness +p=2 //N/mm**2 //internal pressure +f=150 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress +rho1=0.75 //Longitudinal joints +rho2=0.45 //circumferential joints + +//Calculations + +//Equating Bursting force to longitudinal joint strength ,we get +d1=rho1*2*t*f*p**-1 //mm + +//Considering circumferential strength +d2=4*rho2*t*f*p**-1 //mm + +//Result +printf("\n Largest diameter of Boiler is %0.2f mm",d1) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..769bbd3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=250 //mm //Diameter iron pipe +t=10 //mm //Thickness +d2=6 //mm //Diameter of steel +p=80 //N/mm**2 //stress +P=3 //N/mm**2 //Pressure +E_c=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 +mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio +E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 +n=1 //No.of wires + +//Calculations + +L=6 //mm //Length of cyclinder + +//Force Exerted by steel wire at diameterical section +F=p*2*%pi*d2**2*1*4**-1 //N + +//Initial stress in cyclinder +f_c=F*(2*t*d2)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//LEt due to fluid pressure alone stresses developed in steel wire be F_w and in cyclinder f1 and f2 +f2=P*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Considering the equilibrium of half the cyclinder, 6mm long we get +//F_w*2*%pi*4**-1*d2**2*n+f1*2*t*d2=P*d*d2 +//After further simplifying we get +//F_w+2.122*f1=79.58 . ......................................(1) + +//Equating strain in wire to circumferential strain in cyclinder +//F_w=(f1-mu*f2)*E_s*E_c**-1 //N/mm**2 +//After further simplifying we get +//F_w=2*f1-11.25 ....................................(2) + +//Sub in equation in1 we get +f1=(79.58+11.25)*(4.122)**-1 //N/mm**2 +F_w=2*f1-11.25 //N/mm**2 + +//Final stresses +//1) In steel Wir +sigma=F_w+p //N/mm**2 + +//2) In Cyclinde +sigma2=f1-f_c + +//Result +printf("\n Final Stresses developed in:cyclinder is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma) +printf("\n :Steel is %0.2f N/mm**2",sigma2) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..134c16ad3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=750 //mm //Diameter of shell +t=8 //mm //THickness +p=2.5 //N/mm**2 +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 +mu=0.25 //Poissons ratio + +//Calculations + +//Hoop stress +f1=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 +f2=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Change in Diameter +dell_d=d*p*d*(1-mu)*(4*t*E)**-1 //mm + +//Change in Volume +dell_V=3*p*d*(1-mu)*(4*t*E)**-1*%pi*6**-1*d**3 + +//Answer for Change in diameter is incorrect in book + +//Result +printf("\n Stress introduced is %0.2f N/mm**2",f1) +printf("\n Change in Diameter is %0.2f N/mm**2",dell_d) +printf("\n Change in Volume is %0.2f mm**3",dell_V) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ae842bcf --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +d=600 //mm //Diameter of sherical shell +t=10 //mm //Thickness +f=80 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress +rho=0.75 //Efficiency joint + +//Calculations + +//Max Pressure +p=f*4*t*rho*d**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Result +printf("\n Max Pressure is %0.2f N/mm**2",p) diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..884b6515e --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=1000 //mm //Length of shell +d=200 //mm //Diameter +t=6 //mm //Thickness +p=1.5 //N/mm**2 //Internal Pressure +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 +mu=0.25 //Poissons Ratio + +//Calculations + +//Change in Volume of sphere +dell_V_s=3*p*d*(1-mu)*(4*t*E)**-1*%pi*6**-1*d**3 + +//Hoop stress +f1=p*d*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Longitudinal stress +f2=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2 + +//Principal strain +e1=(f1-mu*f2)*E**-1 +e2=(f2-mu*f1)*E**-1 + +V_c=1000 //mm**3 + +//Change in Volume of cyclinder +dell_V_c=(2*e1+e2)*%pi*4**-1*d**2*L + +//Total Change in Diameter +dell_V=dell_V_s+dell_V_c //mm**3 + +//Result +printf("\n Change in Volume is %0.2f mm**3",dell_V) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aaad4d9c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables +L=5000 //mm //Length of strut +dell=10 //mm //Deflection +W=10 //N //Load + +//Calculations + +//Central Deflection of a simply supported beam with central concentrated load is +//dell=W*L**3*(48*E*I)**-1 + +//Let E*I=X +X=W*L**3*(48*dell)**-1 //mm + +//Euler's Load +//Let Euler's Load be P +P=%pi**2*X*(L**2)**-1 + +//Result +printf("\n Critical Load of Bar is %0.2f N",P) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8bdea9929 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +sigma=326 //N/mm**2 //stress +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +FOS=2 //Factor of safety +a=1*7500**-1 //Rankine's constant +D=350 //mm //Overall Depth + +//Cover plates +b1=500 //mm //width +t1=10 //mm //Thickness + +d=220 //mm //Distance between two channels + +L=6000 //mm //Length of column + +A=5366 //mm**2 //Area of Column section +I_xx=100.08*10**6 //mm**4 //M.I of x-x axis +I_yy=4.306*10**6 //mm**4 //M.I of y-y axis +C_yy=23.6 //mm //Centroid at y-y axis + +//Calculations + +//Symmetric axes are the centroidal axes is + +//M.I of Channel at x-x axis +I_xx_1=2*I_xx+2*(1*12**-1*b1*t1**3+b1*t1*(D*2**-1+t1*2**-1)**2) + +//M.I of Channel at y-y axis +I_yy_1=2*(I_yy+A*(d*2**-1+C_yy)**2)+2*12**-1*t1*b1**3 + +//As I_yy<I_xx +//So +I=I_yy_1 //mm**4 + +A2=2*A+2*t1*b1 //Area of channel + +k=(I*A2**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//Critical Load +P=sigma*A2*(1+a*(L*k**-1)**2)**-1 + +//Safe Load +S=P*2**-1*10**-3 //KN + +//Result +printf("\n Safe Load carrying Capacity is %0.2f KN",S) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.11/Ex9_11.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.11/Ex9_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48212a800 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.11/Ex9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +I=4.085*10**8 //mm**4 //M.I +A=20732.0 //mm**2 //area of column +f_y=250 //N/mm**2 +L=6000 //mm //Length of column + +//Calculations + +k=(I*A**-1)**0.5 //mm +lamda=L*k**-1 //Slenderness ratro + +//From Indian standard table +lamda_1=40 +sigma_a_c_1=139 //N/mm**2 +lamda_2=50 +sigma_a_c_2=132 //N/mm**2 + +//Linearly interpolating between these values for lambda=42.744 + +sigma_a_c_3=sigma_a_c_1-2.744*10**-1*(sigma_a_c_1-sigma_a_c_2) + +//Safe Load carrying capacity of column +P=sigma_a_c_3*A*10**-3 + +//Result +printf("\n Safe Load carrying capacity is %0.2f KN",P) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2287a950a --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=2000 //mm //Length of square column +E=12*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity +sigma=12 //N/mm*2 //stress +W1=95*10**3 //N //Load1 +W2=200*10**3 //N //Load2 +FOS=3 + +//Calculations + +//From Euler's Formula +//P=%pi**2*E*I*(L**2)**-1 .........(1) + +//Working Load +//W=P*(FOS)**-1 + +//Part-1 + +//At W1=95*10**3 //N +//W1=P*(3*L**2)**-1 + +//Let 'a' be the side of the square +//I=1*12**-1*a**4 + +//sub value of I in Equation 1 and further rearranging we get +a=(W1*3*12*L**2*(%pi**2*E)**-1)**0.25 //mm + +//From Consideration of direct crushing +//sigma*a**2=W1 +//After Reaaranging the above equation we get +a2=(W1*(sigma)**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//required size is 103.67*103.67 i.e a*a + +//Part-2 + +//At W2=200*10**3 //N +//W2=P*(3*L**2)**-1 +//After substituting values and further Rearranging the above equation we get +a3=(W2*3*12*L**2*(%pi**2*E)**-1)**0.25 //mm + +//From consideration of direct compression,size required is +a4=(W2*sigma**-1)**0.5 + +//required size is 129.10*129.10 i.e a4*a4 + +//Result +printf("\n For W1 Load Required size is %0.2f mm**2",a*a) +printf("\n For W2 Load Required size is %0.2f mm**2",a4*a4) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..522658e0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Flange +b=100 //mm //Width + +D=80 //mm //Overall Depth +t=10 //mm //Thickness of web and flanges +L=3000 //mm //Length of strut +E=200*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity + +//Calculations + +//Let centroid be at depth y_bar from top fibre +y_bar=(b*t*t*2**-1+(D-t)*t*((D-t)*2**-1+t))*(b*t+(D-t)*t)**-1 //mm + +//M.I at x-x axis +I_x=1*12**-1*b*t**3+b*t*(y_bar-t*2**-1)**2+1*12**-1*t*((D-t))**3+t*((D-t))*((((D-t)*2**-1)+t)-y_bar)**2 + +//M.I at y-y axis +I_y=1*12**-1*t*b**3+1*12**-1*(D-t)*t**3 //mm**3 + +//Least M.I +I=I_y + +//Since both ends are hinged +//Feective Length=Actual Length +L=3000 //mm +l=3000 //mm +//Buckling Load +P=%pi**2*E*I*(l**2)**-1*10**-3 //KN + +//Result +printf("\n The Buckling Load for strut of tee section %0.2f KN",P) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea72d26dd --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D=400 //mm //Overall Depth + +//Flanges +b=300 //mm //Width +t=50 //mm //Thickness + +t2=30 //mm //Web Thickness + +dell=10 //mm //Deflection +w=40 //N/mm //Load +FOS=1.75 //Factor of safety +E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 + +//Calculations + +//M.I at x-x axis +I_x=1*12**-1*(b*D**3-(b-t2)*b**3) //mm**4 + +//Central Deflection +//dell=5*w*L**4*(384*E*I)**-1 +//After sub values in above equation and further simplifying we get +L=(dell*384*E*I_x*(5*w)**-1)**0.25 + +//M.I aty-y axis +I=1*12**-1*t*b**3+1*12**-1*b*t2**3+1*12**-1*t*b**3 //mm**4 +I_y=1*12**-1*t*b**3+1*12**-1*b*t2**3+1*12**-1*t*b**3 //mm**4 + +//Both the Ends of column are hinged + +//Crippling Load +P=%pi**2*E*I*(L**2)**-1 //N + +//Safe Load +S=P*(FOS)**-1*10**-3 //N + +//Result +printf("\n Safe Load if I-section is used as column with both Ends hhinged %0.2f KN",S) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b55ef7544 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D=200 //mm //External Diameter +t=20 //mm //hickness +d=200-2*t //mm //Internal Diameter +E=1*10**5 //N/mm**2 +a=1*(1600)**-1 //Rankine's Constant +L=4.5 //m //Length +sigma=550 //N/mm**2 //Stress +FOS=2.5 + +//Calculations + +//Moment of Inertia +I=%pi*D**4*64**-1-%pi*d**4*64**-1 + +//Both Ends are fixed + +//Effective Length +l=1*2**-1*L*10**3 //mm + +//Euler's Critical Load +P_E=%pi**2*E*I*(l**2)**-1 + +A=%pi*4**-1*(D**2-d**2) //mm*2 + +k=(I*A**-1)**0.5 + +//Rankine's Critical Load +P_R=sigma*A*(1+a*(l*k**-1)**2)**-1 + +X=P_E*P_R**-1 + +//Safe Load using Rankine's Formula +S=P_R*(FOS)**-1*10**-3 //KN + +//Result +printf("\n Safe Load by Rankines Formula is %0.2f KN",S) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc66b9a26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +L=3000 //mm //Length of column +W=800*10**3 //N //Load +a=1*1600**-1 //Rankine's constant +FOS=4 //Factor of safety +sigma=550 //N/mm**2 //stress + +//Calculations + +//Effective Length +l=L*2**-1 //mm + +//Let d1=outer diameter & d2=inner diameter +//d1=5*8**-1*d2 + +//M.I +//I=%pi*64**-1*(d1**4-d2**4) //mm**4 + +//Area of section +//A=pi4**-1*(d1**2-d2**2) //mm**2 + +//k=(I*A**-1) +//substituting values in above equation +//k=1*16**-1*(d1**2-d2**2) +//after simplifying further we get +//k=0.2948119.d1 + +//X=l*k**-1 +//substituting values in above equation and after simplifying further we get +//X=5087.9898*d1**-1 + +//Crtitcal Load +P=W*FOS //N + +//From Rankine's Load +//P2=sigma*A*(1+a*(X)**2)**-1 +//substituting values in above equation and after simplifying further we get +//d1**4-12156618*d1**4-1.96691*10**8=0 +//Solving Quadratic Equation we get +//d1**2-12156618*d1-196691000=0 +a=1 +b=-12156.618 +c=-196691000 + +Y=b**2-4*a*c + +d1_1=((-b+Y**0.5)*(2*a)**-1)**0.5 //mm +d1_2=((-b-Y**0.5)*(2*a)**-1) //mm + +d2=5*8**-1*d1_1 + +//Result +printf("\n Section of cast iron hollow cylindrical column is:d1_1 %0.2f mm",d1_1) +printf("\n :d2 %0.2f mm",d2) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1793b5f17 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +//Let X=(P*A**-1) //Average Stress at Failure +Lamda_1=70 //Slenderness Ratio +Lamda_2=170 //Slenderness Ratio +X1=200 //N/mm**2 +X2=69 //N/mm**2 + +//Rectangular section +b=60 //mm //width +t=20 //mm //Thickness + +L=1250 //mm //Length of strut +FOS=4 //Factor of safety + +//Calculations + +//Slenderness ratio +//Lamda=L*k**-1 + +//The Rankine's Formula for strut +//P=sigma*A*(1+a*(L*k**-1)**-1 + +//From test result 1, +//After sub values in above equation we get and further simplifying we get +//sigma_1=200+980000*a ...................(1) + +//From test result 2, +//After sub values in above equation we get and further simplifying we get +//sigma_2=69+1994100*a ...................(2) + +//Substituting it in equation (1) we get +a=131*1014100**-1 + +//Substituting a in equation 1 +sigma_1=200+980000*a //N/mm**2 + +//Effective Length +l=1*2**-1*L //mm + +//Least of M.I +I=1*12**-1*b*t**3 //mm**4 + +//Area +A=b*t //mm**2 + +k=(I*A**-1)**0.5 + +//Slenderness ratio +Lamda=l*k**-1 + +//From Rankine's Ratio +P=sigma_1*A*(1+a*(Lamda)**2)**-1 + +//Safe Load +S=P*(FOS)**-1*10**-3 //N + +//Result +printf("\n Constant in the Formula is:a %0.6f ",a) +printf("\n :sigma_1 %0.2f ",sigma_1) +printf("\n Safe Load is %0.2f KN",S) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd2e3d419 --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +D=200 //mm //Depth +b=140 //mm //width + +//Plate +b2=160 //mm //Width +t2=10 //mm //Thickness + +L=4000 //mm #Length +l=4000 //mm #Length +FOS=4 //Factor of safety +sigma=315 //N/mm**2 //stress +a2=1*7500**-1 +I_xx=26.245*10**6 //mm**4 //M.I at x-x +I_yy=3.288*10**6 //mm**4 //M.I at y-y +a=3671 //mm**2 //Area +k_x=84.6//mm +k_y=29.9 //mm + +//Calculations + +//Total Area +A=a+2*t2*b2 //mm**2 + +//M.I +I=I_yy+2*12**-1*t2*b2**3 //mm**4 + +k=(I*A**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//Let X=L*k**-1 +X=L*k**-1 + +//Appliying Rankine's Formula +P=sigma*A*(1+a2*(X)**2)**-1 //N + +//Safe Load +S=P*(FOS)**-1*10**-3 //KN + +//Result +printf("\n Safe axial Load is %0.2f KN",S) diff --git a/3864/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce b/3864/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d64122bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3864/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear +// +// + +//Initilization of Variables + +E=200*10**3 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity +sigma=330 //N/mm**2 //Stress +a=1*7500**-1 //Rankine's constant +A=5205 //mm**2 //area of column +I_xx=59.431*10**6 //mm**4 //M.I at x-x axis +I_yy=8.575*10**6 //mm**24//M.I at y-y axis + +//Calculations + +//Total M.I +I=I_xx+I_yy //mm**4 + +//Area of compound Section +A2=2*A //mm**2 + +k=(I*A2**-1)**0.5 //mm + +//Equating Euler's Load to Rankine's Load we get +//%pi**2*E*I*(L**2)**-1=sigma*A*(1+a*(L*k)**2)**-1 +//After Substitt=uting values and further simplifying we get +L=(39076198*(1-0.7975432)**-1)**0.5*10**-3 //m + +//Result +printf("\n Length of column for which Rankines formula and Eulers Formula give the same result is %0.2f m",L) diff --git a/3866/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3866/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..122fa491e --- /dev/null +++ b/3866/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clear; close; clc;
+
+kc=1.380*(10^(-23));//constant
+te=300;//room_temp_in_kelvin
+qe=1.602*(10^(-19));//electron_charge
+ni=1.45*(10^10);
+p=3*(10^17);
+deg=2*kc*te*abs(log(ni/p))/qe;
+disp(deg,'degree of band bending(in volt):');
diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a2ae6dbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.08*10**-2 //distance between slits(m) +beta1=6*10**-4 //fringe width(m) +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +new=8*10**11*10**3 //frequency(Hz) + +//Calculation +lamda=c/new //wavelength(m) +D=beta1*d/lamda //distance of screen from slits(m) + +//Result +printf("\n distance of screen from slits is %0.3f m",D) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..426e9f6de --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=5 +lamda=4800*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +mew_mewdash=0.3 + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/mew_mewdash //thcikness of glass plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thcikness of glass plate is %0.3f *10**-6 m",t*10**6) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb97a0949 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +v=0.2 //volume(cc) +a=1*10**4 //area(cm**2) +r=0 +n=1 +lamda=5.5*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +t=2 + +//Calculation +d=v/a //thickness of film(cm) +mew=n*lamda/(2*t*cos(r)) //refractive index of oil + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of oil is %0.2f *10**-5",mew*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f44d0c1c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew=1.33 //refractive index +i=35*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) +d=5*10**-5 //thickness(cm) +n1=1 //order +n2=2 //order +n3=3 //order +n4=4 //order + +//Calculation +r=180/%pi*asin(sin(i)/mew) //angle of reflection(degrees) +lamda1=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n1 //wavelength of light for 1st order(cm) +lamda2=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n2 //wavelength of light for 2nd order(cm) +lamda3=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n3 //wavelength of light for 3rd order(cm) +lamda4=2*mew*d*cos(r)/n4 //wavelength of light for 4th order(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light for 1st order is %0.1f *10**-5 cm",lamda1*10**5) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n wavelength of light for 2nd order is %0.2f *10**-5 cm",lamda2*10**5) +printf("\n wavelength of light for 3rd order is %0.2f *10**-5 cm",lamda3*10**5) +printf("\n wavelength of light for 4th order is %0.1f *10**-5 cm",lamda4*10**5) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab53d7005 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +x=15 //distance(cm) +d=0.005 //diameter(cm) +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) + +//Calculation +alpha=d/x //angle(radian) +beta1=lamda/(2*alpha) //fringe width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f cm",beta1) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e8886acb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +alpha=0.01 //angle(radian) +n=10 +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +x=((2*n)-1)*lamda/(4*alpha) //distance from edge of the wedge(m) + +//Result +printf("\n distance from edge of the wedge is %0.3f *10**-4 m",x*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7477f39bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5460*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +f=400 //focal length(cm) +n=5 +mew=1.5 //refractive index + +//Calculation +R=2*f*(mew-1) //radius(cm) +Dn=sqrt(2*((2*n)-1)*lamda*R) //diameter of 5th fringe(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n diameter of 5th fringe is %0.2f m",Dn) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df0f2caeb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +t=500*10**-9 //thickness(m) +f=400 //focal length(cm) +n1=0 +n2=1 +n3=2 +n4=3 +mew=1.33 //refractive index + +//Calculation +lamda1=4*mew*t/((2*n1)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda2=4*mew*t/((2*n2)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda3=4*mew*t/((2*n3)+1) //wavelength in visible region(m) +lamda4=4*mew*t/((2*n4)+1) //wavelength in ultraviolet region(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda1*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.1f *10**-10 m",lamda2*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in visible region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda3*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in ultraviolet region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda4*10**10) +printf("\n of all the wavelengths reflected %0.3f angstrom is the wavelength in the visible region",lamda3*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d98865686 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +i=60*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) +mew=1.33 //refractive index +t=1.5*10**-6 //thickness(m) +lamda=5*10**-7 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +r=(180/%pi)*asin(sin(i)/mew) //angle of reflection(degrees) +r=(r)*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(degrees) + +n=2*mew*t*cos(r)/lamda //order of interference + +//Result +printf("\n order of interference is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09726848a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew=1.5 //refractive index +lamda=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +r=60*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(radian) + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //smallest thickness of the plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n smallest thickness of the plate is %0.0f angstrom",t*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..782778393 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D4=0.4 //diameter of 4th ring(cm) +D12=0.7 //diameter of 12th ring(cm) +p1=16 +p2=8 +n=4 + +//Calculation +x=n*p1/(n*p2) +D20=sqrt((D4**2)+(x*((D12**2)-(D4**2)))) //diameter of 20th dark ring(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n diameter of 20th dark ring is %0.3f cm",D20) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..405e85c3a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=4200*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +beta11=0.64*10**-2 //first fringe width(m) +beta12=0.46*10**-2 //second fringe width(m) + +//Calculation +lamda2=lamda1*2*beta12/beta11 //wavelength of light source(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light source is %0.3f angstron",lamda2*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c02b2552 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D10=1.4 //diameter of 10th ring(cm) +D10_dash=1.27 //changed diameter of 10th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +mew=(D10**2)/(D10_dash**2) //refractive index of the liquid + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of the liquid is %0.3f ",mew) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1e91c7b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D25=0.8 //diameter of 25th ring(cm) +D5=0.3 //diameter of 5th ring(cm) +p=25-5 +R=100 //radius of curvature(cm) + +//Calculation +Nr=(D25**2)-(D5**2) //numerator +Dr=4*p*R //denominator +lamda=Nr/Dr //wavelength of light used(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light used is %0.3f *10**-5 cm",lamda*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1db21cd83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +w=0.02 //width(m) +theta=(%pi/180)*(18+(14/60)) //angle(radian) +n=1 +lamda=6.56*10**-7 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +M=w*sin(theta)/(n*lamda) //total number of lines in the grating + +//Result +printf("\n total number of lines in the grating is %0.1f ",M) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b1fa340e --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +mew=1.5 //refractive index +r=60*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(radian) + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //required thickness of plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n required thickness of plate is %0.0f angstrom",t*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e96a940c --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6500 //wavelength(m) +theta=30*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +a=lamda/sin(theta) //value of slit width(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n value of slit width is %0.0f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b486c5e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +t=500*10**-9 //thickness(m) +n1=0 +n2=1 +n3=2 +n4=3 +mew=1.33 //refractive index + +//Calculation +lamda1=4*mew*t/((2*n1)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda2=4*mew*t/((2*n2)+1) //wavelength in infrared region(m) +lamda3=4*mew*t/((2*n3)+1) //wavelength in visible region(m) +lamda4=4*mew*t/((2*n4)+1) //wavelength in ultraviolet region(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda1*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in infrared region is %0.1f *10**-10 m",lamda2*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in visible region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda3*10**10) +printf("\n wavelength in ultraviolet region is %0.0f *10**-10 m",lamda4*10**10) +printf("\n of all the wavelengths reflected %0.3f angstrom is the wavelength in the visible region",lamda3*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d98865686 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +i=60*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) +mew=1.33 //refractive index +t=1.5*10**-6 //thickness(m) +lamda=5*10**-7 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +r=(180/%pi)*asin(sin(i)/mew) //angle of reflection(degrees) +r=(r)*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(degrees) + +n=2*mew*t*cos(r)/lamda //order of interference + +//Result +printf("\n order of interference is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09726848a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +mew=1.5 //refractive index +lamda=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +r=60*%pi/180 //angle of reflection(radian) + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //smallest thickness of the plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n smallest thickness of the plate is %0.0f angstrom",t*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b4195f7f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Y=1*10**-3 //distance between slits(m) +D=1 //distance between slit and screen(m) +d=1*10**-3 //point distance(m) +lamda=5893*10**-10 //wavelength(angston) + +//Calculation +delta1=Y*d/D //path difference(m) +Pd=2*%pi*delta1/lamda //phase difference(radian) +r=(cos(Pd/2))**2 //ratio of intensity +delta2=lamda/4 //path difference(m) +W=delta2*D/d //distance of point on screen from centre(m) + +//Result +printf("\n ratio of intensity is %0.4f ",r) +printf("\n distance of point on screen from centre is %0.3f *10**-4 m",W*10**4) +printf("\n answers in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2a42cb8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +Dn=2*10**-3 //diameter of ring(m) +n=10 +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +R=Dn**2/(4*n*lamda) //radius(m) +t=Dn**2/(8*R) //thickness of air film(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of air film is %0.3f micro m",t*10**6) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d75d558fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D5=0.336*10**-2 //diameter of 5th ring(m) +D15=0.59*10**-2 //diameter of 15th ring(m) +m=10 +R=1 //radius of curvature(m) + +//Calculation +lamda=((D15**2)-(D5**2))/(4*m*R) //wavelength of light(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.0f nm",lamda*10**9) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ec81f21d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D10=0.5*10**-2 //diameter of 10th ring(m) +n=10 +lamda=5900*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +R=D10**2/(4*n*lamda) //radius of curvature of lens(m) + +//Result +printf("\n radius of curvature of lens is %0.3f m",R) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c02b2552 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D10=1.4 //diameter of 10th ring(cm) +D10_dash=1.27 //changed diameter of 10th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +mew=(D10**2)/(D10_dash**2) //refractive index of the liquid + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of the liquid is %0.3f ",mew) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..803695ee4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=6*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +lamda2=4.5*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +n1=21 + +//Calculation +n2=n1*lamda1/lamda2 //order + +//Result +printf("\n order is %0.3f ",n2) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69346c14f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=51*10**-6 //wavelength(cm) +D=200 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +beta1=1 //fringe width(cm) +n=10 + +//Calculation +d=lamda*D/beta1 //slit separation(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n slit separation is %0.3f m",d*100) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4056482d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=50 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +x=0.2 //fringe shift(cm) +d=0.1 //separation between slits(cm) +mew=1.58 //refractive index + +//Calculation +tow=x*d/(D*(mew-1)) //thickness of mica sheet(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of mica sheet is %0.3f *10**-4 cm",tow*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b80dbac81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +D=50 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.05 //separation between slits(cm) + +//Calculation +beta1=lamda*D/d //fringe width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f cm",beta1) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bf16c219 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +I1=10 //intensity(Wm**-2) +I2=25 //intensity(Wm**-2) + +//Calculation +a1bya2=sqrt(I1/I2) +ImaxbyImin=(a1bya2+1)**2/(a1bya2-1)**2 //ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity + +//Result +printf("\n ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is %0.3f ",ImaxbyImin) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03dbdd59d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=180 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.04 //separation between slits(cm) +beta1=0.3 //fringe width(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=(beta1*d*10**4/D) //wavelength(cm) + + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2617bd703 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=80 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.1 //separation between slits(cm) +beta1=0.04 //fringe width(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=beta1*d/D //wavelength(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b80dbac81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +D=50 //separation between screen and slit(cm) +d=0.05 //separation between slits(cm) + +//Calculation +beta1=lamda*D/d //fringe width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f cm",beta1) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b0fe61ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=7*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +n=2 +mew=1.33 //refractive index + +//Calculation +t=(((2*n)+1)*lamda/2)/(2*mew) //thickness of soap film(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of soap film is %0.4f *10**-5 cm",t*10**5) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a925c0b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=16 +mew=1.56 //refractive index + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/(mew-1) //thickness(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness is %0.1f *10**-4 cm",t*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5fc30b16 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=1 +mew=1.5 //refractive index +r=50*%pi/180 //angle of refraction(radian) + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //least thickness of glass plate(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n least thickness of glass plate is %0.2f *10**-5 cm",t*10**5) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66f69f4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +mew=1.5 //refractive index +beta1=1 //assume +S=6*beta1 + +//Calculation +t=S*lamda/(beta1*(mew-1)) //least thickness of glass plate(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n least thickness of glass plate is %0.0f *10**-4 cm",t*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ca006e97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D8=1.42 //diameter of 8th ring(cm) +D8dash=1.25 //changed diameter of 8th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +mew=D8**2/D8dash**2 //refractive index of liquid + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of liquid is %0.2f ",mew) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb6ac8fab --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=1 +mew=1.33 //refractive index +r=0*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) + +//Calculation +t=n*lamda/(2*mew*cos(r)) //thickness of thinnest film(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of thinnest film is %0.4f *10**-5 cm",t*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f99ad92c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +Dm=0.65 //diameter of 8th ring(cm) +Dn=0.35 //changed diameter of 8th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +R=(Dm**2-Dn**2)/(4*lamda) //radius of curvature of lens(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n radius of curvature of lens is %0.0f cm",R) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb16cbea1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +m1=15 +n=5 +m2=25 +D15=0.62 //diameter of 15th ring(cm) +D5=0.3 //diameter of 5th ring(cm) + +//Calculation +x=D15**2-D5**2 +y=m1-n +z=m2-n +r=4*z/(4*y) +D25=sqrt((r*x)+(D5**2)) //diameter of 25th ring(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n diameter of 25th ring is %0.3f cm",D25) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ed839acd --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +Dm=0.590 //diameter of 8th ring(cm) +Dn=0.336 //changed diameter of 8th ring(cm) +m=15 +n=5 + +//Calculation +R=(Dm-Dn)/(4*lamda*(m-n)) //radius of curvature of lens(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n radius of curvature of lens is %0.1f cm",R) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..373e556a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +R=70 //radius of curvature of lens(cm) +n=10 +Dn=0.433 //diameter of 10th dark ring(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=Dn**2/(4*R*n) //wavelength of light(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.3f *10**-5 cm",lamda*10**5) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..427e3cbb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +D=2 //distance of screen from slits(m) +l=5*10**-2 //distance(m) +n=100 //number of fringes + +//Calculation +beta1=l/n +d=lamda*D/beta1 //distance between slits(m) + +//Result +printf("\n distance between slits is %0.0f mm",d*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12e98edfa --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.2*10**-3 //distance between slits(m) +lamda=550*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +D=1 //distance of screen from slits(m) + +//Calculation +beta1=lamda*D/d //fringe width(m) + +//Result +printf("\n fringe width is %0.3f mm",beta1*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99e20a38a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=10 +lamda=5460*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +d=0.1*10**-3 //distance between slits(m) +D=2 //distance of screen from slits(m) + +//Calculation +x10=n*lamda*D/d //distance from centre where 10th maximum is obtained(m) +tantheta1=x10/2 //angular position of 10th maximum(radian) +tantheta1=tantheta1*180/%pi //angular position of 10th maximum(degrees) +x1=lamda*D/(2*d) //distance from centre where 1st maximum is obtained(m) +tantheta2=x1/2 //angular position of 1st maximum(radian) +tantheta2=tantheta2*180/%pi //angular position of 1st maximum(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular position of 10th maximum is %0.2f degrees",tantheta1) +printf("\n angular position of 1st maximum is %0.3f degrees",tantheta2) diff --git a/3869/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3869/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fce22d923 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=650*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +lamda2=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +n1=10 +n2=13 +D=1 //distance(m) +d=0.5*10**-3 //seperation(m) + +//Calculation +x=n1*lamda1*D/d //least distance of the point from central maximum(m) + +//Result +printf("\n least distance of the point from central maximum is %0.0f mm",x*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..422ca1ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +k=2 //order +theta=30*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +e=k*lamda/sin(theta) //number of lines(cm) +n=1/e //number of lines per centimeter + +//Result +printf("\n number of lines per centimeter is %0.3f ",n) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9865eebe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=2 //diffraction observed(m) +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +a=1.5*10**-3 //slit width(m) + +//Calculation +w=2*d*lamda/a //width of central maxima(m) + +//Result +printf("\n width of central maxima is %0.2f mm",w*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..220138a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=2 //diffraction observed(m) +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +x=5*10**-3 //width of central maxima(m) + +//Calculation +a=d*lamda/x //slit width(m) + +//Result +printf("\n slit width is %0.3f mm",a*10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5eae2205f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +a=12*10**-7 //slit width(m) + +//Calculation +theta=asin(lamda/a)*180/%pi //half angular width(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n half angular width is %0.0f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e59439bbd --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +b=0.8 //distance(mm) +a=0.16 //slit width(mm) +p1=1 +p2=2 +p3=3 + +//Calculation +nbyp=(a+b)/a //ratio of missing orders +n1=int(nbyp*p1) +n2=int(nbyp*p2) +n3=int(nbyp*p3) //missing orders + +//Result +printf("\n the orders %0.3f %0.3f %0.3f etc will be missing",n1,n2,n3) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22c221a9b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=6000*10**2 //number of lines/m +m=3 //order +lamda1=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +lamda2=510*10**-9 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +sintheta1=m*N*lamda1 +theta1=asin(sintheta1)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +sintheta2=m*N*lamda2 +theta2=asin(sintheta2)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +theta=theta2-theta1 //angular separation(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular separation is %0.2f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..910d827bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=15000/2.54*10**2 //number of lines/cm +lamda=600*10**-9 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +m=1/(N*lamda) //highest order that can be seen + +//Result +printf("\n highest order that can be seen is %0.3f ",m) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e08cf340 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=10000/2*10**2 //number of lines/m +m=1 //order +lamda1=5890*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +lamda2=5896*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +sintheta1=m*N*lamda1 +theta1=asin(sintheta1)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +sintheta2=m*N*lamda2 +theta2=asin(sintheta2)*180/%pi //angle(degrees) +theta=theta2-theta1 //angular separation(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular separation is %0.3f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85aca5feb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=15*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +lamda=6500*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +a=n*lamda/sin(theta) //slit width(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n slit width is %0.2f *10**-4 cm",a*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b47107b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=15*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +a=2.5*10**-6 //slit width(m) + +//Calculation +lamda=a*%pi*sin(theta)*10**10/(1.43*%pi) //wavelength of light(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f75a4e917 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //order +N=4250 //grating lines(lines/cm) +theta=30*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +e=1/N +lamda=e*sin(theta)*10**8/n //wavelength of spectral line(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of spectral line is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b48ef4a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +e=1/6000 //number of lines(cm) + +//Calculation +theta1=asin(lamda/e)*180/%pi //angle for 1st order(degrees) +theta2=asin(3*lamda/e)*180/%pi //angle for 3rd order(degrees) +theta=(theta2)-(theta1) //difference in angles of deviation(degrees) + + +//Result +printf("\n difference in angles of deviation is %0.3f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf004ba32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +a=1*10**-6 //slit width(m) +lamda=600*10**-9 //wavelength of spectral line(m) + +//Calculation +theta=asin(n*lamda/a)*180/%pi //angular separation(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angular separation is %0.4f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f5770056 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=10520 //grating lines(lines/cm) +theta=90*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +lamda=5*10**-5 //wavelength of spectral line(cm) + +//Calculation +e=1/N +n=e*sin(theta)/lamda //order + +//Result +printf("\n int((n)) orders can be seen") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8f4fbf77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +x=4.2*10**-3 //distance(m) +D=60*10**-2 //screen slit distance(m) +lamda=6000*10**-10 //wavelength(m) + +//Calculation +d=D*lamda/x //slit width(m) + +//Result +printf("\n slit width is %0.3f *10**-4 m",d*10**4) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c655e963 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +N=15000/2.54 //number of lines(per cm) +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) + +//Calculation +d=1/N //slit width(m) +m=d/lamda //possible order of spectra + +//Result +printf("\n possible order of spectra is %0.3f ",m) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc66f1557 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +D=150 //slit screen distance(cm) +d=0.03 //separation(cm) +beta1=0.3 //fringe separation(cm) + +//Calculation +lamda=d*beta1*10**8/D //wavelength of light(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of light is %0.0f angstrom",lamda) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a531810ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-5 //wavelength(cm) +dlamda=6*10**-5 //difference in wavelength(cm) +k=2 //order +w=2.5 //width(cm) + +//Calculation +N=lamda/(k*dlamda*w) //minimum number of lines per cm + +//Result +printf("\n minimum number of lines per cm is %0.2f ",N) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b344a41ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +dlamda=6*10**-8 //difference in wavelength(cm) +w=2 //width(cm) +n=425 //number of lines on grating +k=2 //order + +//Calculation +N=w*n //number of lines on grating +N1=int((lamda/dlamda)) //number of lines required for resolution + +N2=int((lamda/(k*dlamda))) //number of lines required for resolution + + +//Result +printf("\n number of lines required for resolution is %0.3f and number of lines on grating is %0.3f ",N1,N) +printf("\n hence lines will not be resolved") +printf("\n number of lines required for resolution is %0.3f and number of lines on grating is %0.3f ",N2,N) +printf("\n hence lines will appear resolved") diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0f58e016 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda1=5016*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +lamda2=5048*10**-8 //difference in wavelength(cm) +k=2 //order +n=15000 //number of lines/inch + +//Calculation +e=2.54/n +theta1=asin(2*lamda1/e)*180/%pi //angle for 1st wavelength(degrees) +theta2=asin(2*lamda2/e)*180/%pi //angle for 2nd wavelength(degrees) +theta=int(60*(theta2-theta1)) //angle of separation(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n angle of separation is %0.3f minutes",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11a6cbc6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=4000 //number of lines/cm +lamda=5000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) +k=3 //order + +//Calculation +e=1/n +sintheta=k*lamda/e +costheta=sqrt(1-sintheta**2) +dthetabydlamda=k*n/costheta //dispersive power of grating + +//Result +printf("\n dispersive power of grating is %0.3f ",dthetabydlamda) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24c09c115 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=5000 //number of lines/cm +lamda=6000*10**-8 //wavelength(cm) + +//Calculation +e=1/n +k=e/lamda //highest order of spectrum + +//Result +printf("\n highest order of spectrum is %0.3f ",k) diff --git a/3869/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3869/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2fe3c220 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=10*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +dtheta=3*%pi/(60*60*180) //difference of angle(radian) +dlamda=5*10**-9 //wavelength(cm) +k=2 + +//Calculation +lamda=sin(theta)*dlamda/(cos(theta)*dtheta) +lamdanew=lamda+dlamda //wavelength of lines(cm) +N=lamda/(dlamda*k) +Ne=N*k*lamda/sin(theta) //minimum grating width required(cm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of lines is %0.1f *10**-8 cm",lamda*10**8) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n minimum grating width required is %0.1f cm",Ne) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0c5324df --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=500*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.553 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.544 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(2*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quartz half wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of quartz half wave plate is %0.4f mm",t/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d10be7090 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=589*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.553 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.544 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(4*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quartz half wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of quartz half wave plate is %0.4f mm",t/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d60cd5daf --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=600*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.5533 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.5442 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(4*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quartz half wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of quartz half wave plate is %0.4f mm",t/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c17850f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=589.3*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +mewe=1.65833 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.48640 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +t1=lamda/(2*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of half wave plate(m) +t2=lamda/(4*(mewe-mew0)) //thickness of quarter wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n thickness of half wave plate is %0.7f mm",t1/10**-3) +printf("\n thickness of quarter wave plate is %0.6f mm",t2/10**-3) diff --git a/3869/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3869/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c18e93a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +t=0.9*10**-6 //thickness(m) +mewe=1.486 //refractive index of e-ray +mew0=1.658 //refractive index of o-ray + +//Calculation +lamda1=4*t*(mew0-mewe) //wavelength for half wave plate(m) +lamda2=2*t*(mew0-mewe) //wavelength for quarter wave plate(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength for half wave plate is %0.3f m",lamda1*10**9) +printf("\n wavelength for quarter wave plate is %0.3f mm",lamda2*10**9) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc9539cc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=6943*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +Kb=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda //frequency(Hz) +a=h*new/(Kb*T) +N1byN2=exp(a) //relative population + +//Result +printf("\n relative population is %0.3f *10**30",N1byN2/10**30) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d0277d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=632.8*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +t=1 //time(sec) +P=2.3*10**-3 //power(W) +sa=1*10**-6 //spot area(m**2) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda //frequency(Hz) +n=P*t/(h*new) //number of photons emitted(per sec) +Pd=P/sa //power density(kW/m**2) + +//Result +printf("\n number of photons emitted is %0.2f *10**15 photons/second",n/10**15) +printf("\n power density is %0.3f kW/m**2",Pd/10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2f9f06a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(coulomb) +Eg=1.44*e //band gap energy(J) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) + +//Calculation +lamda=h*c/Eg //wavelength(m) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.0f angstrom",lamda*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b34eb7470 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.55 //peak emission wavelength(micro m) + +//Calculation +Eg=1.24/lamda //band gap(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n band gap is %0.3f eV",Eg) diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3b1e8604 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(coulomb) +lamda=6943*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +h=6.6*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +kb=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=300 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +Uv=h*c/(e*lamda) //energy(eV) +Uvj=Uv*e //energy(J) +x=Uvj/(kb*T) +NbyN0=exp(x) //relative population of 2 states + +//Result +printf("\n relative population of 2 states is %0.0f *10**29",NbyN0*10**-29) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3869/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccb599d9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +c=2.998*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +lamda=0.5*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +h=6.626*10**-34 //planck's constant(Jsec) +Kb=1.381*10**-23 //boltzmann constant +T=1000 //temperature(K) + +//Calculation +new=c/lamda //operating frequency(Hz) +new=new/10**3 //operating frequency(kHz) +new=(new/10**14)*10**14 + +x=h*new/(Kb*T) +B21byA21=1/(exp(x)-1) //ratio of emission + +//Result +printf("\n ratio of emission is %0.1f *10**-13",B21byA21*10**13) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c88ade83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.50 //Core refractive index +n2=1.47 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +phic=asin(n2/n1) //critical angle(radian) +phic=phic*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +phimax=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +phimax=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n critical angle is %0.1f degrees",phic) +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.1f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.1f degrees",phimax) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3385abe49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.4f ",delta) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ce273a7b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.48 //Core refractive index +n2=1.45 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +thetamax=asin(NA)*180/%pi +thetamaxd=int(thetamax) //angle of acceptance(degrees) +thetamaxm=60*(thetamax-thetamaxd) //angle of acceptance(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n angle of acceptance is %0.3f degrees %0.0f minutes",thetamaxd,thetamaxm) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d75db81b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.39 //numerical aperture +delta=0.05 //fractional index change + +//Calculation +n1=NA/sqrt(2*delta) //refractive index of core + +//Result +printf("\n refractive index of core is %0.3f ",n1) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74cc8fd12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.5f ",delta) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d9771663 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.2f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6881a602b --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.2f degrees",theta0) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b5f29fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.53 //Core refractive index +n2=1.42 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +thetac=asin(n2/n1)*180/%pi //critical angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n critical angle is %0.2f degrees",thetac) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5035b4904 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.6 //Core refractive index +n2=1.4 //Cladding refractive index +n0=1.33 //water refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)/n0 //numerical aperture +theta0=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.4f degrees",theta0) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c36c6741 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.5 //Core refractive index +n2=1.3 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +delta=(n1-n2)/n1 //fractional index change + +//Result +printf("\n fractional index change is %0.3f ",delta) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39d1dc6f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.46 //Core refractive index +delta=0.05 //relative refractive index difference + +//Calculation +NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.2f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..561ba9b36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.6 //Cladding refractive index +theta1=60*%pi/180 //angle of incidence(radian) + +//Calculation +x=n1*sin(theta1)/n2 +theta2=asin(x)*180/%pi //angle of reflection(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n angle of reflection is %0.2f degrees",theta2) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b4b75a0e --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n2=1.3 //Cladding refractive index +delta=0.14 //fractional index change + +//Calculation +n1=n2/(1-delta) //Core refractive index + +//Result +printf("\n Core refractive index is %0.2f ",n1) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..562b0624d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta0=26.80*%pi/180 //acceptance angle(radian) + +//Calculation +NA=sin(theta0) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.5f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17b02b9c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +NA=0.3 //numerical aperture +gama=45*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +thetaa1=asin(NA) //acceptance angle for meridional rays(radian) +thetaa1=thetaa1*180/%pi //acceptance angle for meridional rays(degrees) +thetaa2=asin(NA/cos(gama))*180/%pi //acceptance angle for skew rays(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n acceptance angle for meridional rays is %0.2f degrees",thetaa1) +printf("\n acceptance angle for skew rays is %0.3f degrees",thetaa2) +printf("\n answer for acceptance angle for skew rays given in the textbook varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c155858de --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.53 //Core refractive index +delta=0.0196 //relative refractive index difference + +//Calculation +NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta) //numerical aperture +thetaa=asin(NA)*180/%pi //acceptance angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees",thetaa) +printf("\n answer for acceptance angle given in the textbook varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cd2fc7d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.5 //Core refractive index +n2=1.49 //Cladding refractive index +a=25*10**-6 //radius of core(m) +L=1 //distance(m) + +//Calculation +phic=(asin(n2/n1)*180/%pi ) //critical angle(degrees) + +phicr=phic*%pi/180 //critical angle(radian) +l=2*a*tan(phicr) //fibre length(m) +r=1/l //number of reflections +od=L/sin(phicr) //total distance travelled by light(m) + +//Result +printf("\n critical angle is %0.3f degrees",phic) +printf("\n fibre length is %0.2f micro m",l*10**6) +printf("\n answer for fibre length given in the book is wrong") +printf("\n number of reflections is %0.3f ",r) +printf("\n total distance travelled by light is %0.4f m",od) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57cf234f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1.55 //Core refractive index +L=10 //length(m) +delta=0.026 //relative refractive index difference +C=3*10**5 + +//Calculation +deltaT=L*n*delta/C //total dispersion(s) +blp=L/(2*deltaT) //bandwidth length product(Hz km) + +//Result +printf("\n total dispersion is %0.1f ns",deltaT*10**9) +printf("\n bandwidth length product is %0.2f *10**5 Hz km",blp/10**5) +printf("\n answer for bandwidth length product given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b58bd099 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.55 //Core refractive index +n2=1.50 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.3f ",NA) diff --git a/3869/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3869/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd78ee0e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n1=1.563 //Core refractive index +n2=1.498 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculation +NA=sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) //numerical aperture +phimax=asin(NA) //acceptance angle(radian) +phimax=asin(NA)*180/%pi +phimaxd=int(phimax) //acceptance angle(degrees) +phimaxm=60*(phimax-phimaxd) //acceptance angle(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n numerical aperture is %0.4f ",NA) +printf("\n acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.1f minutes",phimaxd,phimaxm) +printf("\n answer for acceptance angle in minutes given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96a49ceae --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +w=23+35.5 //molecular weight of NaCl(gm/mole) +N=6.023*10**23 //avagadro number(gm/mol) +rho=2.18 //density of NaCl(gm/cm**3) +n=2 //number of atoms + +//Calculation +m=w/N //mass of NaCl(gm) +nm=rho/m //number of molecules(mole/cm**3) +N_NaCl=n*nm //number of atoms per unit volume(atoms/cm**3) +a=(1/N_NaCl)**(1/3) //distance between adjacent atoms(cm) + + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per unit volume is %0.2f *10**22 atoms/cm**3",N_NaCl/10**22) +printf("\n distance between adjacent atoms is %0.2f angstrom",a*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfcad0e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.071*10**-9 //wavelength(m) +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices +a=0.28*10**-9 //lattice constant(m) +n=2 //order + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +theta=asin(n*lamda/(2*d))*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.2f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52351406a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=3*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +h=1 +k=0 +l=0 //miller indices +theta=40*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //space of reflecting plane(m) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +V=a**3 //volume of unit cell(m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n space of reflecting plane is %0.4f angstrom",d*10**10) +printf("\n volume of unit cell is %0.2f *10**-29 m**3",V*10**29) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0b4c04c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.82 //wavelength(m) +theta=75.86*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order +a=3 //lattice constant(angstrom) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //space of reflecting plane(angstrom) +//here the value of d comes to 0.422 angstrom which is not equal to the value of a. hence the problem cannot be solved further + +//Result +printf("\n space of reflecting plane is %0.2f angstrom",d) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39f25ebdb --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=5.63*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +theta=27.5*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order +h=6.625*10**-34 //planck's constant +c=3*10**10 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(c) + +//Calculation +d111=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +lamda=2*d111*sin(theta)/n //wavelength of X-ray beam(m) +lamda=int(lamda*10**10) //wavelength of X-ray beam(angstrom) +E=h*c/(lamda*10**-10*e) //energy of X-ray beam(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of X-ray beam is %0.3f angstrom",lamda) +printf("\n energy of X-ray beam is %0.2f *10**5 eV",E/10**5) +printf("\n answer for energy given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c56f7f454 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=2 +k=0 +l=2 //miller indices +theta=34*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order +lamda=1.5*10**-10 //wavelength of X-ray beam(m) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.4f angstrom",a*10**10) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddd0d74d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**23 //avagadro number(kg/m**3) +rho=7860 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.2f angstrom",a*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b3b30d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 //miller indices +a=450 //length(nm) + +//Calculation +d220=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.1f nm",d220) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0d7a2d74 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +r=1.278*10**-10 //radius(m) + +//Calculation +a=4*r/sqrt(2) +d111=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(m) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f *10**-10 m",d111*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e605132a --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +n=4 +A=107.87 //atomic weight(amu) +N=10500*6.052*10**26 //density(kg/m**3) +theta=(19+(12/60))*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +r=1.278*10**-10 //radius(m) +hp=6.625*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) +c=3*10**8 //velocity of light(m/sec) +e=1.6*10**-19 //charge of electron(coulomb) + +//Calculation +a=(n*A/N)**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(m) +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength of X-rays(m) +E=hp*c/(e*lamda) //energy of X-rays(eV) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of X-rays is %0.3f angstrom",lamda*10**10) +printf("\n answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors") +printf("\n energy of X-rays is %0.0f *10**3 eV",E/10**3) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64ab97fa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices +d100=0.28 //lattice constant(nm) +n=2 +lamda=0.071 //wavelength(nm) + +//Calculation +d110=d100/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //interplanar spacing(m) +theta=asin(n*lamda/(2*d110))*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.0f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68de8c9fc --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 //miller indices +a=0.38 //lattice constant(nm) + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //distance between the planes(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n distance between the planes is %0.2f nm",d) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29ec85c6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=2 +k=3 +l=1 //miller indices +a=0.121 +b=0.184 +c=0.197 //parameters(nm) + +//Calculation +OB=2*b/3 //intercept along y axis(nm) +OC=2*c //intercept along z axis(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n intercept along y axis is %0.3f nm",OB) +printf("\n intercept along y axis is %0.3f nm",OC) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b65a0a1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h1=1 +k1=2 +l1=3 //miller indices +h2=2 +k2=4 +l2=6 //miller indices +a=0.82 +b=0.94 +c=0.75 //parameters(nm) + +//Calculation +d123=(((h1/a)**2)+((k1/b)**2)+((l1/c)**2))**(-1/2) //interplanar distance between (123) planes +d246=d123/2 //interplanar distance between (246) planes + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar distance between (123) planes is %0.3f nm",d123) +printf("\n interplanar distance between (246) planes is %0.4f nm",d246) +printf("\n answers given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc42d3f24 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +a=0.2 //lattice parameter(nm) +theta=(87/2)*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength of Xrays(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of Xrays is %0.3f nm",lamda) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..804b06217 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +a=0.352 //lattice parameter(nm) +theta=(28+(30/60))*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +hp=6.626*10**-34 //plancks constant(Js) +m=1.67*10**-27 //mass of proton(kg) +kB=1.38*10**-23 //boltzmann constant + +//Calculation +d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength(nm) +T=(hp**2)/(3*m*kB*(lamda*10**-9)**2) //effective temperature of neutrons(K) + +//Result +printf("\n effective temperature of neutrons is %0.0f K",T) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a34474f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=6.94 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=530 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.2f angstrom",a*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e02954d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 //miller indices +lamda=0.152 //wavelength(nm) +D=0.2552 //diameter(nm) +theta1=21*%pi/180 //angle(radian) +theta2=(21+(23/60))*%pi/180 //angle(radian) + +//Calculation +a=D*sqrt(2) //lattice parameter for regular crystal(nm) +d111_1=lamda/(2*sin(theta1)) +alpha1=d111_1*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter for sample A(nm) +d111_2=lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) +alpha2=d111_2*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter for sample B(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter for regular crystal is %0.4f nm",a) +printf("\n lattice parameter for sample A is %0.4f nm",alpha1) +printf("\n lattice parameter for sample B is %0.3f nm",alpha2) +printf("\n lattice parameter of sample A is 1.75 percent greater than that of pure copper") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..485dd9561 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=7870 //density(kg/m**3) +a=2.9*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) + +//Calculation +n=a**3*rho*N/M //number of atoms per unit cell + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per unit cell is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc7c11063 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=8 //number of atoms per unit cell +a=5.6*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) +M=710.59 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) + +//Calculation +rho=n*M/(a**3*N) //density(kg/m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n density is %0.0f kg/m**3",rho) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16838672d --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**23 //avagadro number(kg/m**3) +rho=7860 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.4f angstrom",a*10**8) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3494439c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=2 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=6.94 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=530 //density(kg/m**3) + +//Calculation +a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3) //lattice constant(m) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice constant is %0.3f angstrom",a*10**10) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..485dd9561 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +M=55.85 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) +rho=7870 //density(kg/m**3) +a=2.9*10**-10 //lattice constant(m) + +//Calculation +n=a**3*rho*N/M //number of atoms per unit cell + +//Result +printf("\n number of atoms per unit cell is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3869/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..272340f52 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +r=0.1278*10**-9 //atomic radius(m) +n=4 //number of atoms per unit cell +M=63.5 //atomic weight(amu) +N=6.02*10**26 //avagadro number(kg/mol) + +//Calculation +a=sqrt(8)*r //lattice constant(m) +rho=n*M/(a**3*N) //density(kg/m**3) + +//Result +printf("\n density is %0.2f kg/m**3",rho) +printf("\n answer given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1f5b9ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +n=1 //order +theta=32*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +h=2 +k=2 +l=0 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //lattice parameter(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n cube edge of unit cell is %0.1f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5c46d8bf --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=0 +lamda=0.065 //wavelength(nm) +n=2 //order +a=0.26 //axial length(nm) + +//Calculation +x=n*lamda*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2)/(2*a) +theta=asin(x)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.1f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57250e6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 +lamda=1.54 //wavelength(angstrom) +n=1 //order +theta=19.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n cube edge of unit cell is %0.3f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9fa25671 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.54*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +n=1 //order +theta=19.2*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //cube edge of unit cell(m) + +//Result +printf("\n cube edge of unit cell is %0.3f *10**-10 m",a*10**10) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..73b727976 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.12 //wavelength(nm) +n=2 //order +theta=28*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //interplanar spacing(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f nm",d) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b5467669 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=97 //wavelength(pm) +n1=1 //order +n2=3 //order +theta1=23*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta2=60*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) + +//Calculation +lamda1=n2*lamda*sin(theta1)/(n1*sin(theta2)) //wavelength(pm) +d=n2*lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) //interplanar spacing(pm) + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.1f pm",lamda1) +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.0f pm",d) +printf("\n answer for wavelength given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66bb99e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=45*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +d=275 //interplanar spacing(pm) +n1=3 +n2=4 + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta) //wavelength(pm) +lamda1=lamda/n1 //wavelength for n=3 +lamda2=lamda/n2 //wavelength for n=4 + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength for n=3 is %0.0f pm and for n=4 is %0.2f pm",lamda1,lamda2) +printf("\n answer for wavelength for n=4 given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e414933f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta1=(30+(0/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta2=(35+(17/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.171 //wavelength(nm) +h1=1 +k1=1 +l1=0 +h2=2 +k2=0 +l2=0 +h3=1 +k3=1 +l3=1 + +//Calculation +d100=lamda/(2*sin(theta1)) //wavelength(nm) +d200=lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) //wavelength(nm) +a1=d100*sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2) +a2=d200*sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2) //lattice parameter in case of bcc +a3=d100*sqrt(h3**2+k3**2+l3**2) +a4=d200*sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2) //lattice parameter in case of bcc +d=a3/sqrt(2) //atomic diameter(nm) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter in case of bcc are %0.3f nm and %0.3f nm which are not the same. hence the metal is not bcc",a1,a2) +printf("\n lattice parameter in case of fcc are %0.3f nm and %0.3f nm which are the same. hence the metal is fcc",a3,a4) +printf("\n atomic diameter is %0.5f nm",d) +printf("\n answer for atomic diameter given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb13c7c51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.282*10**-9 //lattice spacing(m) +theta=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +maxtheta=90*%pi/180 +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n //wavelength of x-rays(m) +N=2*d*sin(maxtheta)/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength of x-rays is %0.3f angstrom",lamda*10**10) +printf("\n maximum order of diffraction is %0.3f ",N) +printf("\n answer for wavelength of x-rays given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf2bde768 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=3.04*10**-10 //lattice spacing(m) +lamda=0.79*10**-10 //wavelength(m) +n=3 //order + +//Calculation +x=n*lamda/(2*d) +theta=asin(x)*180/%pi //glancing angle(degrees) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.3f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04025cc57 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=0.58 //wavelength(angstrom) +theta1=6.45*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta2=9.15*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +theta3=13*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d1=lamda/(2*sin(theta1)) //interplanar spacing at 1st angle(angstrom) +d2=lamda/(2*sin(theta2)) //interplanar spacing at 2nd angle(angstrom) +d3=lamda/(2*sin(theta3)) //interplanar spacing at 3rd angle(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing at 1st angle is %0.3f angstrom",d1) +printf("\n interplanar spacing at 2nd angle is %0.3f angstrom",d2) +printf("\n interplanar spacing at 3rd angle is %0.3f angstrom",d3) +printf("\n answers given in the book are wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fbdfa483 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=1.181 //lattice spacing(angstrom) +theta=90*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.540 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) + +//Calculation +n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda //order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n order of diffraction is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f491652c --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=9.5*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.58 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n=1 //order +h=2 +k=0 +l=0 + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) +a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2) //lattice parameter(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n lattice parameter is %0.3f angstrom",a) +printf("\n answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..325da08f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta1=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=0.842 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n1=1 //order +n2=3 //order + +//Calculation +x=n2*lamda*sin(theta1)/(n1*lamda) +theta2=asin(x)*180/%pi //glancing angle +theta2d=int(theta2) //glancing angle(degrees) +theta2m=(theta2-theta2d)*60 //glancing angle(minutes) + +//Result +printf("\n glancing angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes",theta2d,theta2m) +printf("\n answer for glancing angle in minutes given in the book is wrong") diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31aa00dbe --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +a=3.16 //lattice parameter(angstrom) +theta=20.3*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +lamda=1.54 //wavelength of X-rays(angstrom) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //interplanar spacing(angstrom) +x=(a/d)**2 + +//Result +printf("\n interplanar spacing is %0.2f angstrom",d) +printf("\n answer for interplanar spacing given in the book is wrong") +printf("\n value of h**2+k**2+l**2 is %0.0f . hence the miller indices could be (110) (011) or (101)",x) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44fa0aea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +d=0.282 //lattice spacing(nm) +theta=(8+(35/60))*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +lamda=2*d*sin(theta)/n //wavelength(nm) +N=2*d/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n wavelength is %0.3f nm",lamda) +printf("\n maximum order of diffraction is %0.3f ",N) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29633b67f --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +lamda=1.5 //wavelength(AU) +d=1.6 //lattice spacing(AU) + +//Calculation +n=2*d/lamda //maximum order of diffraction + +//Result +printf("\n maximum order of diffraction is %0.3f ",n) diff --git a/3869/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3869/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1e724e88 --- /dev/null +++ b/3869/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear +// +// +// + +//Variable declaration +theta=30*%pi/180 //glancing angle(radian) +h=1 +k=1 +l=1 +lamda=1.5418 //wavelength(angstrom) +n=1 //order + +//Calculation +d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta)) //interplanar spacing(angstrom) +a=d*sqrt((h**2)+(k**2)+(l**2)) //interatomic spacing(angstrom) + +//Result +printf("\n interatomic spacing is %0.2f angstrom",a) diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6810547df --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 1
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+d =2.4; //magnitude of output response in mm
+R = 6; //magnitude of input in Ω
+
+//calculations
+S = d/(R); //static sensitivity in mm/Ω
+D = R/(d); //deflection factor in Ω/mm
+
+//result
+mprintf("static sensitivity = %3.2f mm/Ω",S);
+mprintf("\n deflection factor = %3.2f Ω/mm",D);
+
+//==========================================================================
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb8caa599 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 10
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+E0 = 50; //internal voltage source in V
+R0 = 100; //resitance in kΩ
+r = 99; //accuracy in %
+
+//calculations
+//Em = E0/(1+(R0/RL))
+//Em = E0*(r in %)
+//E0/(1+(R0/RL)) = E0*(r in %)
+Em = (E0*r)/(100);
+x =E0/(Em);
+y = x-1;
+Rm = R0/(y); //resistance of voltage in kΩ
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of voltage = %3.2f kΩ",Rm);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62025d39e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 11
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+E = 20; //voltage in V
+R1 = 2; //resistance in kΩ
+R2 = 2; //resistance in kΩ
+R3 = 1; //resistance in kΩ
+R = 200; //resistance whe current is connected to terminals in Ω
+
+
+//calculations
+Io = (E/(R1+((R2*R3)/(R2+R3))))*(R2/(R2+R3)); //nortons equivalent current in kΩ
+Rout = R3+((1/(R1))+(1/(R2))); //output resistance in kΩ
+IL = Io*((R1*1000)/((R1*1000)+R)); //measured value of current in mA
+e = ((IL-Io)/(Io))*100; //percentage error in %
+A = 100+e; //accuracy of measurement in %
+
+//result
+//mprintf("resistance of voltage = %3.2f kΩ",Rm);
+
+mprintf("actual value of current flowing through 1000 Ω is %3.2f mA",Io');
+mprintf("\nmeasured value of current when 200 Ω is connected is %3.2f mA",IL);
+mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.1f percentage(low) ",e);
+mprintf("\naccuracy of measurement = %3.1f percentage ",A);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86d56f056 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 2
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declarations
+If = 5; //full-scale reading of instrument in A
+Ra = 0.01; //ammeter resistance in ohm
+
+
+//calculations
+Pf = ((If)^2)*(Ra); //power sonsumption for full-scale deflection is W
+n = (If)/(Pf); //instrument efficiency in A per watts
+
+//result
+mprintf("power sonsumption for full-scale deflection = %3.2f W",Pf);
+mprintf("\ninstrument efficiency = %3.0f A per watts",n);
+
+
+//================================================================================================
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a49536c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 3
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+n = 100; //highest mutiplier switch in mA
+N = 100; //number of divisions
+
+
+//calculations
+R = (N*10^-3)*n; //Range of instrument in A
+S = 0-n; //scale range
+
+//result
+mprintf("Range of instrument = %3.2f A",R);
+mprintf("\nScale Range = 0%3.2f",S);
+
+//=============================================================================
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67a9c714d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 4
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+T1 = 200; //Tempperature in °C
+T2 = 225; //Tempperature in °C
+R1 = 305; //Resistance in Ω
+R2 = 310; //Resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+S = (R2-R1)/(T2-T1); //dr/dt in per °C
+
+//result
+mprintf("measurement sensitivity S = %3.2f Ω per °C",S);
+
+
+//==========================================================================
+
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37352d8b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=============================================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 5
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R0 = 100; //resistance in Ω
+R100 = 138.50; //resistance in Ω
+R200 = 175.83; //resistance in Ω
+T1 = 0; //Tempperature in °C
+T2 = 200; //Tempperature in °C
+T3 = 100; //Tempperature in °C
+
+//calculations
+T = ((T2-T1)/(R200-R0))*(R100-R0); //change in temperatre in °C
+D = T-T3; //deviation in °C at T3 temperature
+p = (D/(T2))*100; //per cent full scale deflection non linearity in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("per cent full scale deflection %3.4f percent",p);
+
+
+//=======================================================================================================
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4945e76a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=====================================================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 6
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+l = 0.2; //percent liearity
+r = 300; //full-scale readng
+R = 20; //resistance in kΩ
+V = 2; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+d = (l*r)/(100); //maximum displacement deviatio in °
+R1 = (l*R)/(100); //maximum resistance displacement in Ω
+//a displacement of 300 corresponds to 2V ,therfore 0.6 corresponds to a voltage of (0.6/300)*2
+ev = (d/(r))*V; //maximum voltage error in mV
+
+//result
+mprintf("maximum displacement deviation =%3.1f ° ",d);
+mprintf("\nmaximum resistance displacement %3.2f kΩ",R1);
+mprintf("\n maximum voltage error %3.2f mV",(ev*10^3));
+
+//=======================================================================================================
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e972916ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=====================================================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 7
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+t1 =500; //temperature in °C
+t2 =1250; //temperature in °C
+r = 0.12; //dead space in pyrometer in per cent of span
+
+//calculations
+S = t2-t1; //span the algebric diffeerence between the upper and lower range values
+d = (r/(100))*S; //dead space in °C
+
+//result
+mprintf(" a change of %3.2f °C must occur before it is detected",d);
+
+//=========================================================================================================
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ae6f2630 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=====================================================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 8
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+E0 = 12; //open -circuit voltage in V
+R0 = 1; //output resistance in kΩ
+RL = 25; //output resistance in kΩ
+
+
+//calculations
+EL = E0/(1+(R0/RL)); //measured value of voltage in V
+Er = EL-E0; //errorin measurement in V
+p = ((EL-E0)/(E0))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("measured value of voltage = %3.3f V",EL);
+mprintf("\nerror in measurement= %3.3f V",Er);
+mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.3f percent low",p);
+
+
+//================================================================================================
diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a430fbad --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 1 example 9
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+s = 4000; //instrument sensitivity in kΩ
+R = 10; //range of scale
+R0 = 20; //output resistance in kΩ
+E0 = 7.5; //open circuit voltage
+
+//calculations
+RL =s*R; //instrument resistance in kΩ
+RL1 = RL*10^-3;
+EL = E0/(1+(R0/(RL1))); //measured value of voltage in V
+p = ((EL-E0)/(E0))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("measured value of voltage = %3.2f V",EL);
+mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.2f V percentage low",p);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..451019d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 1
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 100; //voltmeter reading in V
+I =0.005; //ammeter reading in A
+S = 1000; //sensitivity of voltmeter in Ω per volt
+v = 150; //voltmeter range in V
+
+//calculations
+Rv = S*v; //voltmeter resistance in Ω
+Rm = V/I; //apparent value of unknown resistor in Ω
+y = V/(I*Rv);
+x = I*(1-y);
+Rx = V/x; //actual value of unknown resistor in Ω
+er = ((Rm-Rx)/Rx)*100; //error due to loading effect of voltmeter in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("apparent value of unknown resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rm);
+mprintf("\nactual value of unknown resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rx);
+mprintf("\nerror due to loading effect of voltmeter = %3.2f percentage",er);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9dba89a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 10
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 100; //resistance in Ω
+Q = 100; //resistance in Ω
+S = 230; //resistance in Ω
+dP = 0.02; //limiting error(dP/P) in %
+dQ = 0.02; //limiting error(dQ/Q) in %
+dS = 0.01; //limiting error(dS/S) in %
+
+//calculations
+R = (P/Q)*S; //unknown reistance in Ω
+dR =dP+dQ+dS; //limiting error(dR/R) in %
+dR1 = (dR*R)/100;
+R1 = R-dR1; //limitng values of unknown resistance in Ω
+R2 = R+dR1; //limitng values of unknown resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.0f Ω ",R);
+mprintf("limitng values of unknown resistance %3.3f Ω to %3.3f Ω",R1,R2);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67bf59a64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 1000; //resistance in arm AC in Ω
+Q = 1000; //resistance in arm AD in Ω
+S = 100; //resistance in arm CB in Ω
+R = 101; //resistance in arm BD in Ω
+Rg = 50; //galvanometer resistance in Ω
+E = 2; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+R1 = (Q*S)/P; //resistance required in arm BD for balance bridge
+dR = R-R1; //the deviation from balanced condition in Ω
+Eth = E*(((R1+dR)/(R1+dR+S))-(P/(P+Q))); //thevenin's open circuit voltage in V
+Rth = (((R1+dR)*S)/(R1+dR+S))+((P*Q)/(P+Q)); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω
+Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg); //galvanometer current in A
+
+//result
+mprintf("galvanometer current = %3.3f uA",(Ig*10^6));
+mprintf("\nsince the point B is at higher potential with respect to point A ,current will floe from terminal A");
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e01478d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 12
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 100; //resistance in arm AB in Ω
+Q = 1000; //resistance in arm BC in Ω
+S = 2000; //resistance in arm CD in Ω
+R = 202; //resistance in arm BD in Ω
+Rg = 200; //galvanometer resistance in Ω
+E = 5; //voltage in V
+Si = 5; //current sensitivity of the galavanometer in mm/uA
+
+//calculations
+Si1 = 5*10^9; //current sensitivity of the galavanometer in mm
+R1 = (P*S)/Q; //resistance required in arm BD for balance bridge
+dR = R-R1; //the deviation from balanced condition in Ω
+Eth = E*(((R1+dR)/(R1+dR+S))-(P/(P+Q))); //thevenin's open circuit voltage in V
+Rth = (((R1+dR)*S)/(R1+dR+S))+((P*Q)/(P+Q)); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω
+Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg); //galvanometer current in A
+d = Si1*Ig; //deflection of the galvanometre theta in mm
+S = d/dR; //sensitivity of the bridge in mm/Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("galvanometer current = %3.2e A",Ig);
+mprintf("\ndeflection of the galvanometre theta = %3.1f mm",(d*10^-3));
+mprintf("\nsensitivity of the bridge = %3.2f mm/Ω",(S*10^-3));
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e69c8d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 13
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 1000; //resistance in arm AB in Ω
+Q = 100; //resistance in arm BC in Ω
+R = 200; //resistance in arm BD in Ω
+Si1 = 10; //sensitivity
+Si2 = 5; //sensitivity
+Rg1 =400;
+Rg2 =100;
+
+//calculations
+S = R*Q/P; //resistance required in arm CD in Ω
+Rth = ((R*S/(R+S))+(P*Q/(P+Q))); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω
+//theta = (Si*E*S*dR)/((R+S)^2)*(Rth+Rg1))
+//theta2/theta1 = (Si*E*S*dR)/((R+S)^2)*(Rth+Rg1))*(((R+S)^2)*(Rth+Rg1)/(Si*E*S*dR))
+r = (Si2/Si1)*((Rth+Rg1)/(Rth+Rg2)); //ratio deflection of two galvanometer
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio deflection of two galvanometer = %3.3f Ω",r);
+mprintf("\nthe first galvanometer (internal resistance 400 Ω and sensitivity 10 mm/uA) is less sensitive to a small unbalance on the given bridge ,through on its own it is more sensitive than the other galavanometer")
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abd99aca8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 14
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 500; //resistance in arm AB in Ω
+Q = 500; //resistance in arm BC in Ω
+S = 500; //resistance in arm CD in Ω
+R = 500; //resistance in arm BD in Ω
+Rg = 100; //galvanometer in Ω
+E = 10; //battery voltage in V
+Rth = 500; //thevenin's equivalent resistanceof bridge Ω
+Ig = 10^-9; //galavanometer capable of detecting Ig current in A
+
+//calculations
+//Eth = (E*dR)/(4*R);
+x = E/(4*R); //thevenin or open -circuit voltage in dR
+//Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg)
+y = x/(Rth+Rg); //current through galvanometer
+dR = (Ig*(Rth+Rg))/x; //the smallest change in resistance that can be detected in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("the smallest change in resistance that can be detected = %3.2f m Ω",(dR*10^3));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b11902f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 15
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω
+Q = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω
+S = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω
+
+R = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω
+p = 0.5; //power in W
+r = 2; //r is internal resistance of battery in Ω
+E = 24; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+//P = (I^2)*R; power disiipation in W
+I = sqrt(p/R);
+V = I*2*R; //the maximum voltage ,that can be appliedto the bridge in V
+I1 = 2*I; //current through series resistor in A
+//E = V+(2*I*(r+R) battery emf E
+R1 = ((E-V)/I1)-r; //series resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("current = %3.2f A",I);
+mprintf("\nseries resistance = %3.2f Ω",R1);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..664500420 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 16
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 10000; //resistance in arm AB in Ω
+Q = 10; //resistance in arm BC in Ω
+S = 5000; //resistance in arm BD in Ω
+Si = 10^8; //sensitivity
+Rg =100; //galvanometer resistance in Ω
+E = 12; //voltage in V
+d = 2.5; //deflection in mm
+
+
+
+//calculations
+R = P*S/Q; //resistance required in arm CD in Ω
+Rth = ((R*S/(R+S))+(P*Q/(P+Q))); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω
+dR = ((d*(Rth+Rg)*((R+S)^2))/(Si*E*S)); //change in defelection in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("the maximum value of resistance that can be measured with the given arrangement = %3.2f Ω",R);
+mprintf("\nchange in defelction = %3.2f k Ω",(dR*10^-3));
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c7b87bce --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//===============================================================
+//Chapter 10 Example 17
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+r = 0.0250; //resistance in Ω
+R = 1.0125; //resistance in Ω
+S = 1 //sensitivity
+P1 = 10; //resistance in Ω
+Q1 = 10; //resistamce in Ω
+P2 = 9.95; //resistance in Ω
+Q2 = 10.05; //resistamce in Ω
+l = 100;
+
+//calculations
+r1 = r/100; //resistance in Ω per scale division
+x1 = P1/Q1;
+x2 = P2/Q2;
+//P/Q = (R+(l1*r))/(S+(l-l1)*r)
+//(s*x)+((l-l1)*r) = R+(l1*r)
+//(S*x)+(l*r)-(l1*r) = R+(L1*r)
+//(S*x)+(l*r)-R = (l1*r)+(l1*r)
+l1 = ((S*x1)+(l*r1)-R)/(r1+r1); //scale divisions
+l12 = ((S*x2)+(l*r1)-R)/(r1+r1); //scale divisions
+
+//result
+mprintf("hence the balance is obtainde at %3.0f and 75 scale divisions",l1);
+mprintf("\nhence the balance is obtainde at %3.0f and 95 scale divisions",l12);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9324cb44 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 18
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 250; //voltage in V
+V2 = 92; //voltage in V
+t = 60; //time in seconds
+C = 600*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+
+//calculations
+//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R)
+R = t/(C*log(V1/V2))
+
+//result
+mprintf("insulation resistance = %3.0f M Ω",(R*10^-6));
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9b91e560 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 19
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 100; //voltage in V
+V2 = 80; //voltage in V
+t = 20; //time in seconds
+C = 300*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+
+//calculations
+//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R)
+R = t/(C*log(V1/V2))
+
+//result
+mprintf("insulation resistance = %3.2e M Ω",(R*10^-6));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc0cec784 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 2
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+RA = 2.5; //resistance of ammeter Ω
+RV = 6000; //resistance of voltmeter Ω
+V = 38.4; //voltage in V
+I = 0.4; //current in A
+
+//calculations
+Rx = sqrt(RA*RV); //value of unknown resisitance in Ω
+Rm = V/I; //measured value of unknown resistance in Ω
+Rx1 = V/(I*(1-(V/(I*RV)))); //true value of unknown resistance in Ω
+EA = (1/2)*(1/100)*1; //error on ammeter reading in A
+EV = (1/2)*(50/100); //error on voltmeter reading in V
+PEA = (EA/I)*100; //percentage error at 0.4 A reading in %
+PEV = (EV/V)*100; //percentage error at 38.4 A reading in %
+E = sqrt((PEA^2)+(PEV^2)); //error due to ammeter and voltmeter in %
+AE = (E/100)*Rx1; //absolute error due to ammeter and voltmeter in Ω
+R1 =Rx1+AE; //resistance in Ω
+R2 = Rx1-AE; //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance is specified as %3.3f and %3.3f Ω",R1,R2);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21ceab4db --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 20
+clc;clear all;
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 200; //voltage in V
+V2 = 126; //voltage in V
+t = 30; //time in seconds
+V12 = 200; //voltage in V
+V22 = 100; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+//let CR = a
+//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R)
+a = t/log(V1/V2); //C*R
+//R1 = (10*R)/(10+R)
+a1 = t/log(V12/V22); //C*R1
+//a1/a =R1/R=x
+x = a1/a;
+//since R1 = (10*R)/(10+R)
+//x*(10+R)*R = 10*R
+//(x*10)+R*x = 10
+R = (10-(x*10))/x; //Resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance = %3.2f M Ω",R);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e22cf06d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 21
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 450; //voltage in V
+V2 = 280; //voltage in V
+t = 15.2; //time in minutes
+t1 = 10.8; //time in minutes
+C = 2.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+
+//calculations
+t12 = t*60; //time in seconds
+t22 = t1*60; //time in seconds
+//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R)
+x = V1/V2;
+y = log(x);
+R = t12/(C*y);
+R1 =t22/(C*y);
+//R1 = t1/(C*log(V1/V2));
+//1/R` = (1/R1)-(1/R)
+R11 = (R1*R)/(R-R1); //unknown resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown resistance= %3.2d M Ω",(R11*10^-6));
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cc8cb3f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 22
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+r = 250; //number of scale divisions galvanometer can read
+s = 2.5; //universal shunt multiplier
+r1 = 350; //number of scale reading
+s1 = 1000; //universal shunt multiplier when standard resistor is connecter
+S = 1000000;
+
+//calculations
+//IR praportional to galvanometer*universal shunt multiplier
+IR = r*s; //current through the circuit with unknown resistance Rconnected
+Is = r1*s1; //current through the circuit with standard resistance in S
+R1 = (Is/IR)*S; //insulation resistance of cable in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("insulation resistance of cable = %3.2f MΩ",(R1*10^-6));
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2868167c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 23
+clc
+clear all
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 3; //battery voltage in volts
+Rm = 60; //resistance in Ω
+Ifm = 1.2; //full-scale deflection meter current in mA
+Rh = 1500; //half-scale deflection resistance in Ω
+V1 = 0.3; //at 10 % drop in battery voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+If = V/Rh; //battery current for full-scale deflection in A
+If1 = If*10^3; //battery current for full-scale deflection in mA
+Ish = If1-Ifm; //current through zero adjuster resistor i.e,shunt resistor in mA
+Rsh = (Ifm*Rm)/Ish; //resistance in Ω
+Rse = Rh-((Rsh*Rm)/(Rsh+Rm)); //current limiting resistor i.e,series resistor
+V3 = V-V1; //voltage in V
+If2 = V3/Rh; //battery current at full-scale deflection in A
+If21 = If2*10^3; //battery current at full-scale deflection in mA
+Ish1 =If21-Ifm; //current through shunt resistor in mA
+Rsh1 = (Ifm*Rm)/Ish1; //shunt resistor in Ω
+Rh1 = Rse+((Rm*Rsh1)/(Rm+Rsh1)); //total internal circuit resistance in Ω
+e =((Rh-Rh1)/(Rh1))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//calculation
+mprintf("resistance = %3.2f Ω",Rsh);
+mprintf("\ncurrent limiting resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rse);
+mprintf("\nshunt resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rsh1);
+mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.3f percentage ",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7668dad36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 24
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 3; //battery voltage in volts
+Rm = 2; //meter resistance in Ω
+Ifm = 10; //full scale deflection meter current in mA
+Rh = 0.5; //half scale deflection resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+Im = 0.5*Ifm; //half-scale deflection of the movement
+Vm = Im*Rm; //voltage across movement in mV
+Ix = (Vm*10^-3)/Rh; //current through resistor in A
+Ix1 = Ix*10^3; //urrent through resistor in mA
+IB = Im+Ix1; //total battery current in mA
+V1 = V-(Vm*10^-3); //voltage drop across current lo V
+Rse = V1/(IB*10^-3); //current limiting resistor in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("current limiting resistor = %3.1f Ω",Rse);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42285ccc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 3
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 120; //voltage in V
+I = 8; //current in A
+RA = 0.3; //resistance in Ω
+AR = 0.01; //maximum reading of ammeter in A
+VR = 0.1; //maximum reading of voltmeter in V
+AR1 = 10; //ammeter rane 0-10 A
+AV1 = 150; //voltmeter range in 0-150 V
+EA = 0.25; //constructional error of ammeter in %
+EV = 0.5; //constructional error of voltmeter in %
+
+
+//calculations
+Rm = V/I; //measured value of unknown resistance in Ω
+Rx = Rm-RA; //true value of unknown resistance in Ω
+EA1 = (AR/AR1)*100; //reading error of ammeter in %
+EV1 = (VR/AV1)*100; //reading of voltmeter in %
+dI = EA+EA1; //error in ammeter reading in %
+dv = EV+EV1; //error in voltmeter reading in %
+d =dI+dv; //total error in % ranging - to +
+R1 = Rx+d; //Value of Rx is specified as Ω
+R2 = Rx-d; //Value of Rx is specified as Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("Value of Rx is specified = %3.3f,%3.3f Ω",R1,R2);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1c7aef07 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 4
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+S = 0.02; //resistance of standard resistor in Ω
+Vs = 0.98; //voltage drop across standard resistor in V
+Vx = 0.735; //voltage drop across resistor under test in V
+
+//calculations
+X = (S*Vx)/Vs; //Resistance of resistor under test in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("Resistance of resistor under test= %3.3f Ω",X);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bd6b4cbd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 5
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Vx1 = 0.835; //indicated calue of voltage drop across the unknown resistance in V
+emf = -25*10^-6; //thermal emf with unknown resistance in V
+S = 0.10025; //resistance of standard resistor in Ω
+Vs = 0.984; //voltage drop across standard resistor in V
+
+//calculations
+Vx = Vx1-emf;
+X = (S*Vx)/Vs; //Resistance of resistor under test in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown resistor = %3.5f Ω",X);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c518148c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 6
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decalartion
+p = 200.62; //resistance in Ω
+q = 400; //resistance in Ω
+P = 200.48; //resistance in Ω
+Q = 400; //resistance in Ω
+S = 100.03; //resistance in Ω
+r = 700; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+X = ((P/Q)*S)+((q*r)/(p+q))*((P/Q)-(p/q));
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.4f uΩ",X);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da12a846b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 7
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 100; //resistance in Ω
+Q = 10; //resistance in Ω
+S = 46; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+R = (P/Q)*S; //unknown reistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.2f Ω ",R);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a7179509 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 8
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+S = 6; //resistance in Ω
+AB = 25; //length of AB in cm
+BC = 75; //length of BC in cm
+
+//calculations
+R = (AB/BC)*S; //unknown reistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.0f Ω ",R);
diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..828615e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 10 example 9
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decalartion
+R =5000; //a resistance of apporximately required to balance a bridge in Ω
+E = 0.1; //in per cent
+
+//calculations
+R2 = R+(R*(E/100)); //limiting value in Ω
+R1 = R-(R*(E/100)); //limiting value in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("limiting value %3.0f Ω to %3.0f Ω",R1,R2);
+mprintf("\nThus dials of 1000,100,10,1 Ω would have to be adjusted");
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d26f8a1e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 1
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declartion
+v = 1.0186; //emf of standard cell in volts
+l = 60; //length in cm
+l1 = 75; //length in cm
+l2 = 66; //length in cm
+l3 = 84; //length in cm
+l4 = 40; //length in cm
+l5 = 72; //length in cm
+S = 2; //resistance in Ω
+r = 100; //ratio of volt ratio box
+S1 = 2.5; //resistance in Ω
+I = 0.28; //ammeter reading in ampere
+v1 =1.25; //voltmeter reading in volts
+
+//calculations
+v0 = v/l; //the voltage drop per cm length of potentiometer wire in volt
+V1 = v0*l1; //emf of cell which balances at 75 cm in volts
+V2 = v0*l2; //emf of cell which balances at 66 cm in volts
+I1 = v/S; //current flowing through 2 Ω resistance in A
+V3 = v0*l3; //emf of cell which balances at 84 cm in volts
+v31 = V3*r; //voltage of supply main in volts
+V4 = v0*l4; //emf of cell which balances at 40 cm in volts
+I4 =V4/S1; //current flowing through 2.5 Ω resistance in A
+e = ((I-I4)/I4)*100; //percentage error in the ammeter reading in %
+V5 = v0*l5; //emf of cell which balances at 72 cm in volts
+e1 = ((v1-V5)/V5)*100; //percentage error in the voltmeter reading in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("emf of cell which balances at 75 cm = %3.5f volts",V1);
+mprintf("\ncurrent flowing through 2 Ω resistance = %3.5f A",I1);
+mprintf("\nvoltage of supply main in volts = %3.5f volts",v31);
+mprintf("\npercentage error in the ammeter reading = %3.1d percentage high",e);
+mprintf("\npercentage error in the voltmeter reading = %3.2f percentage ",e1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b04df9705 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 2
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 10; //resistance of slide wire in Ω
+n = 15; //number of steps of dial
+r = 10; //resistance of each dial in Ω
+I = 0.01; //working current in A
+N = 100; //number of divisions of slide
+a = 0.2; //each division of slide can read upto a accurately of its span
+
+//calculations
+R1 = (n*r)+R; //total resistance of potentiometer in Ω
+V = I*R1; //voltage range of the potentiometer V
+v = R*I; //voltage drop across slide wire V
+x = v/N; //each division represents in V
+y = x*a; //resolution of potentiometer in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("resolution of potentiometer = %3.4f V",y);
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ea913838 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 3
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 400; //total resistance of slide-wire of 200 cmin Ω
+L1 = 101.8; //length of slide wire in cm
+L = 200; //length of wire in cm
+v1 = 1.018; //voltage drop across 101.8cm length of slide wire in V
+v = 3; //battery voltage in V
+a = 0.2; //it is possible to read a of 1 mm
+
+//calculations
+R1 = (R/L)*L1; //resistance of slide wire of 101.8 cm in Ω
+I1 = v1/R1; //working current in A
+RT = v/I1; //total resistance of battery circuit in Ω
+RR = RT-R; //resistance of series rheostat in Ω
+r = I1*R; //measuring range in V
+//since 200cm length represents 2 V
+//1 mm length represents = z
+z = (r/L)*(1/10); //voltage represented for 1mm length
+Ri = z*a; //resolution of instrument in mV
+
+//result
+mprintf("working current = %3.1e A",(I1*10^3));
+mprintf("\nresistance of series rheostat = %3.2f Ω",RR);
+mprintf("\nmeasuring range = %3.2f V",r);
+mprintf("\nresolution of the instrument = %3.2f mV",(Ri*10^3));
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f594688ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 4
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 0.1; //standard resistance in Ω
+V2 = 0.613; //voltage drop across standard resistance in V
+a = 100;
+r = 0.781; //volt ration box
+theta = 50.48;
+theta1 = 12.6;
+f = 50; //frequency in in HZ
+
+//calculations
+I = V2/R1; //current through coil in A
+V1 = a*r; //voltage drop across inductive coil in V
+theta2 = theta -theta1;
+L = V1*sin(theta2*180/%pi)/(2*%pi*f*I); //inducatance of coil in H
+
+//result
+mprintf("inductance of coil =%3.2f H",L);
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f265a03e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 5
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 1; //standard resistance in Ω
+V3 = 0.952-0.340*%i; //voltage through the coil in A
+a = 10; //multiplying power of potential divider
+V2 = 1.35+1.28*%i; //voltage across potential in A
+
+//calculations
+x = complex([0.952,-0.342])
+y = complex([1.35,1.28])
+I = x/R1;, //current through coil in A
+I = x/R1 //current through coil in A
+I1 = 0.952-0.340*%i;
+V1 = a*y //voltage across coil in V
+V11 = 13.5+12.8*%i;
+Z = V11/I1
+R = real(Z) //resistance of coil in Ω
+X = imag(Z) //reactance of coil Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("%g + %gi\n",R,X);
+mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.4f Ω",R);
+mprintf("\nreactance of coil = %3.2f Ω",X);
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bd391a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 6
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 1; //resistace in Ω
+V2 = 0.238-%i*0.085; //voltage across standard resistor in V
+P = 10; //multiplying ower of potential divider
+V1 = 0.3375+%i*0.232; //voltage across potential divider in V
+
+
+
+//calculations
+I = V2/R; //current through coil in A
+V2 = P*V1; //voltage acrossthe coil in V
+Z = V2/I; //impedance of coil in Ω
+R1 = real(Z); // resistance of coil in Ω
+X1 =imag(Z); //reactance of coil in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\nreactance = %3.3f Ω",X1);
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50a324f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 7
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 1.0; //resistace in Ω
+V1 = 0.8-%i*0.75; //voltage drop across the resistance in volt
+V2 = 1.2+%i*0.3; //voltage across the coil in volt
+
+//calculations
+I = V1/R1; //current through coil in A
+x = (atan(imag(V1)/real(V1)))*180/%pi;
+y = (atan(imag(V2)/real(V2)))*180/%pi;
+phi = y-x;
+a =sqrt(((real(V2))^2)+((imag(V2))^2));
+b =sqrt(((real(I))^2)+((imag(I))^2));
+V3 = a*cos(phi*%pi/180); //resistive drop the coil in V
+P = a*b*cos(phi*%pi/180); //power loss in the coil in W
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("iron loss in the coil =%3.3f watt",P);
diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0109ff7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 11 example 8
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 0.1; //standard resistance in Ω
+V1 = 0.35-%i*0.1; //voltage drop across resistance in V
+V2 = 0.8-%i*0.15; //voltage across coil in V
+
+//calculations
+I = V1/R1;, //current through coil in A
+V = 300*V2; //apply voltage V
+x1 = real(I);
+y1 = abs(imag(I));
+V1 = sqrt((x1^2)+(y1^22));
+x = real(V);
+y = imag(V);
+I1 = sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));
+P = (x1*x)+(y1*y);
+//pf = P/(V1*I); //power factor of the load circuit in lagging
+pf = P/(V1*I1); //power factor of the load circuit in cos(phi)
+
+//result
+mprintf("power factor of the load circuit = %3.3f lagging",pf);
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b59567303 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 1
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Z1 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω
+Z2 = 50; //resistance of arm in Ω
+Z3 = 200; //resistance of arm in Ω
+Z4 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω
+theta1 = 30; //phase angle in °
+theta2 = 0; //phase angle in °
+theta3 = -90; //phase angle in °
+theta4 = 30; //phase angle in °
+
+//calculations
+x = Z1*Z4; //magnitude
+y = Z2*Z3; //magnitude
+thetax = theta1+theta4;
+thetay = theta2+theta3;
+
+//result
+mprintf("x = %3.2f",x)
+mprintf("\nx = %3.2f",y);
+mprintf("\nsince x =y\n');
+mprintf("\nthe first condition is satisfied');
+mprintf("\nthetax = %3.2f",thetax);
+mprintf("\nthetay = %3.2f",thetay);
+mprintf("\nsecond condition is not saatisfied');
+mprintf("\nIt means bridge is unbalancedthrough first condition for equality of magnitude product satisfied,obviously balance is not possible under above conditions");
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..648643c4e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 10000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C4 = 1*10**-6; //capacitance in F
+w = 3000; //radian per second
+
+//calculations
+
+L1 = (R2*R3*C4)/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //inductance in H
+R1 = (R2*R3*R4*(w^2)*(C4^2))/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f H",L1);
+mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2e32f2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 2410; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 750; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 64.9; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R = 0.4; //resistance in Ω
+C4 = 0.35*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 500; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+w = 2*(%pi)*f; //radian per second
+R41 = R4+R; //resistance in Ω
+L1 = (R2*R3*C4)/(1+((w)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //inductance in H
+R1 = (R2*R3*R41*(w^2)*(C4^2))/(1+((w^2)*(R41^2)*(C4^2))); //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.4f Henry",L1);
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf50e6913 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 12
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 834; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 64.9; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R = 0.4; //resistance in Ω
+C4 = 0.1*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+C2 = 0.124*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 2000; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+L1 = R2*R3*C4; //inductance in H
+R1 = (R3*C4/C2); // resistance in Ω
+Z = R1+(2*%pi*f*L1)*%i; //effective impedance
+Z1 = sqrt(((real(Z))^2)+(((imag(Z))^2)));
+angle = (atan((imag(Z))/real(Z)))*180/%pi;
+
+//result
+mprintf("L1 = %3.2e",L1);
+mprintf("\nR1 = %3.2f",R1);
+mprintf("\neffective impedance of test specimen =%3.2f Ω angle %3.2f °",Z1,angle);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a99b0e2b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 13
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C1 = 1*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 1000;
+r1 =10; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+W = 2*%pi*f;
+C2 = (C1*R1)/(R2); //capacitance in F
+r2 = ((R2*(R3+r1))-(R1*R4))/(R1); //Resistance in Ω
+d1 = (W*r1*C1)*(180/%pi); //phase angle error in °
+d2 = (W*r2*C2)*(180/%pi); //phase angle error in °
+
+//calculations
+mprintf("phase angle error = %3.1f °",d1);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.1f °",d2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..482675759 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 14
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+
+R2 = 4.8; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 2850; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C2 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 500; //frequency in Hz
+r2 =0.4; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+w = 2*(%pi)*f;
+C1 = C2*(R4/(R3)); //unknown capacitance in F
+x =R2+r2
+r1 = (R3/R4)*(x); //resistance in Ω
+D = w*C1*r1; //dissipation factor
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown capacitance = %3.2e uF",(C1*10^6));
+mprintf("\nresistance = %x3.2f Ω",x);
+mprintf("\ndissipation factor = %3.5f",D);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d6f2e3f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 15
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 309; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C4 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+C3 = 109*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+w =2*(%pi)*f;
+Cx = (R4*C3)/(R2); //equivalent series capacitance in F
+Rx = (C4*R2)/(C3); //series resistance in Ω
+p = w*Rx*Cx; //power factor of the specimen (sind =tand)
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("power factor of the specimen = %3.5f",p) ;
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..585f51ad7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 16
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decalaration
+R4 = 1000; //resistance in Ω
+C3 = 50*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+A = 314*10^-4; //area in m**2
+D = 0.3*10^-2; //thickness in m
+er = 2.3; //dielectric constant
+e0 = 8.854*10^-12; //dielectric constant
+d = 9; //loss angle in °
+f = 50;
+theta = 9;
+
+//calculations
+C1 = (er*e0*A)/D; //capacitance in F
+tand = tan(9*%pi/180);
+cosd = cos(9*%pi/180);
+w = 2*%pi*f;
+R1 = 1/(w*C1*tand); //resistance in Ω
+C4 = 1/((w^2)*C1*R1*R4); //variable capacitor in F
+R2 = (C3*R4*(cosd^2))/(C1); //variable resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("Variable capacitor = %3.2f uF",(C4*10^6));
+mprintf("\nvariable resistance = %3.3f Ω",cosd);
+mprintf("\nNote:Answer in textbooks is taken tha approximate values")
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..733e0a4c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//chapter 12 example 17
+
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 3100; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R2 = 25000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 100000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C1 = 5.2*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 25000; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+//C3 = C1*((R2/R4)-(R1/R3))
+//X = C1*(R2/R4)
+//Y = C1*(R1/R3)
+w = 2*%pi*f;
+x =1/((w^2)*R1*C1);
+//R3 = x/C3
+A = (C1*R2)/R4;
+B = 1+(C1*R1/x);
+C3 = A/B; //capcitance in uuF
+R3 = x/C3; //equivalent parallel resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("equivalent parallel resistance = %3.2f K Ω",(R3*10^-3));
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c73cb20fc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 18
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R3 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 2950; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R2 = 5; //resistance of arm in Ω
+r2 = 0.4; //resistance in Ω
+C2 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 450; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+r1 = (R3*(r2+R2))/R4 //resistance in Ω
+C1 = ((R4/R3)*C2) //capacitance in F
+tand = 2*(%pi)*f*C1*r1 //dissipation power ,C1 in uF
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistace = %3.2f Ω",r1);
+mprintf("\ncapacitance = %3.2e uF",(C1*10^6));
+mprintf("\ndissipation factor = %3.2e ",(tand));
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0e78607c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 19
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R3 = 300; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 72.6; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C2 = 500*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+C4 = 0.148*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+Cx = (R4*C2)/(R3); //capacitance in F
+Rx = (R3*C4)/(C2); //resistance in Ω
+x = 2*(%pi)*f*Cx*Rx;
+d = atan(x); //dielectric loss angle of bushing in °
+d1 = (d*180)/%pi;
+//result
+
+mprintf("\ncapacitance = %3.2e uF",(Cx));
+mprintf("resistace = %3.2f KΩ",(Rx*10^-3));
+mprintf("\ndielectric loss angle of bushing = %3.3f °",d1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12c7efba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//=================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 2 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Z1 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z2 = 500; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z3 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z4 = 509.9; //resistance of arm in Ω +ZX4 =100+500*%i; +theta1 = -90; //angle in ° +theta2 = 0; //angle in ° +theta3 = 0; //angle in ° +theta4 = -90; //angle in ° +theta41 = 78.69; + +//calculations + +thetax = theta1+theta41; +thetay = theta2+theta3; +x = Z2*Z3; +//Z1*Z4 =Z2*Z3 +//1/Z1 = A = Z4/Z2*Z3 = Z4/x +A = ZX4/x; +//1/Z1 = 1/R1 +(w*C1)*%i +Zx3 = (Z1*Z4)/Z2; +thetax3 = theta1+theta41-theta2; +Z3 = (Zx3*cos(thetax3*%pi/180))+(Zx3*sin(thetax3*%pi/180)); + + +//result +mprintf("thetax = %3.2f °",thetax); +mprintf("\nthetax = %3.2f °",thetay); +mprintf("\nbalance can be restored by modifying the circuit so asto satisfy the phase angle condition"); +mprintf("\ncomparing equations 1 and 2 R1 = %3.2f",1/real(A)); +mprintf("\ncomparing equations 1 and 2 1/w*C1 = %3.2e",imag(A)); +mprintf("\n1/w*C1 is already equal to 1000 Ω so the bridge can be easily balanced by adding 5000 Ω accross capacitor in arm 1"); +mprintf("\nsince R3 is already of 1000 Ω so the bridge can be easily balanced by adding capacitance 200 Ω in series across in arm 3"); +mprintf("Note:there was a possibility that with the addition of resistance R1 in armm 1 as first option or with teh addition of capacitance C3 in arm 3"); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4fc9c28e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 20
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R3 = 130; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 318; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C2 = 106*10**-12; //capacitance in F
+C4 = 0.35*10**-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+Cx = (R4*C2)/(R3); //capacitance in F
+Rx = (R3*C4)/(C2); //resistance in Ω
+x = 2*(%pi)*f*Cx*Rx; //power factor
+
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("capacitance = %3.2e uF",(Cx));
+mprintf("\nresistace = %3.2f KΩ",(Rx*10^-3));
+mprintf("\npower factor = %3.3f ",x);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4cc88b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +
+//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 21
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+M1 = 15.9; //mutual inductance in mH
+M2 = 0.1; //mutual inductance in mH
+r1 = 25.9; //resistance in Ω
+r2 = 12.63; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+L1 = 2*(M1-M2); //self inductance in mH
+R1 = r1-r2; //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("self inductance = %3.2f mH",L1);
+mprintf("\nresistance = %3.2f Ω",R1);
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..898a0dce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 22
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f1 = 2*10^6; //frequency from second data in Hz
+f2 = 1*10^6; //frequency from first data in Hz
+C1 = 230*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+C2 = 8*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+
+//calculations
+C = C1+C2;
+L = 1/((((2*(%pi)*f1)^2)*C)); //inductance in uH
+Cx = 1/(((2*(%pi)*f2)^2)*L); //capacitance in pF
+
+//result
+mprintf("inductance = %3.2f uH",(L*10^6));
+mprintf("\ncapacitance = %3.2f pF",(Cx*10^12));
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f95a0c6c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 23
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f = 165*10^3; //frequency in Hz
+C1 = 208*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+C2 = 184*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+Q1 = 80; //Q-factor
+Q2 = 50; //Q-factor
+
+//calculations
+x = C2*Q2;
+y = C1*Q1;
+w = 2*(%pi)*f;
+Rm = (1/(w))*((1/(x))-(1/(y))); //resistive component of unknown impedance in Ω
+Xm = (1/(w))*((1/C2)-(1/C1)); //reactive component of unknown impedance in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistive component of unknown impedance =%3.2f Ω",Rm);
+mprintf("\nreactive component of unknown impedance =%3.0f Ω",Xm);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4cc88b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +
+//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 21
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+M1 = 15.9; //mutual inductance in mH
+M2 = 0.1; //mutual inductance in mH
+r1 = 25.9; //resistance in Ω
+r2 = 12.63; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+L1 = 2*(M1-M2); //self inductance in mH
+R1 = r1-r2; //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("self inductance = %3.2f mH",L1);
+mprintf("\nresistance = %3.2f Ω",R1);
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..203e64934 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 25
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f1 = 3; //frequency in MHz
+f2 =6; //frequency in MHz
+C1 = 251; //capacitance in pF
+C2 = 50; //capacitance in pF
+
+//calculations
+Cd = (C1-(4*C2))/(3); //self capacitance of the coil in uuF
+//since f1 = 2f2
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("self capacitance of the coil = %3.2f pF",Cd);
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31eb0e178 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 26
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+C1 = 1530; //capacitance in pF
+C2 = 162; //capacitance in pF
+f1 = 3; //frequency in MHz
+f2 =1; //frequency in MHz
+
+//calculations
+//f1 = 1/((2*math.pi)*(math.sqrt(L*(C2+Cd))))
+//f1 = 1/((2*math.pi)*(math.sqrt(L*(C2+Cd))))
+//f2 = 3*f1
+Cd = (C1-(9*C2))/(8); //self capacitance of the coil in pF
+
+//result
+mprintf("self capacitance of the coil = %3.2f pF",Cd);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f02395a59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 27
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f = 450*10^3; //resistance inHz
+C = 250*10^-12; //capcaitance in F
+Rsh = 0.75; //resistance in Ω
+ Q = 105; //Q-factor
+
+//calculations
+w = 2*(%pi)*f;
+L = 1/(((w)^2)*(C)); //inductance in uH
+R = ((w*L)/(Q))-Rsh; //resistance of the coil in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("inductance = %3.2f uH",(L*10^6));
+
+mprintf("\n resistance of the coil = %3.2f Ω",R);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a0e33e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 28
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f = 500*10^3; //resistance inHz
+C = 120*10^-12; //capcaitance in F
+R = 5; //resistance in Ω
+r = 0.02; //resistance across oscilltory circuit in Ω
+
+//calculations
+w = 2*(%pi)*f;
+Qt = 1/(w*C*R); //the true or effective Q of the coil
+Qi = 1/(w*C*(R+r)); //the indicated or calculated Q of the coil
+e = ((Qt-Qi)/(Qt))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error =%3.2f percentage ",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca70a0d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 29
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+C1 = 95*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+f1 = 800*10^3; //frequency in Hz
+f2 = 2.5*10^6; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+w2 = 2*%pi*f;
+L = 1/((w2)^2)*Cd;
+L = 1/((w2)^2)*(C1+Cd)
+//comparing above equations
+// Cd =(((w1)**2)*C1)/((w2)**2)-(w1)**2))
+Cd =(((f1)^2)*C1)/(((f2)^2)-((f1)^2)); //capcitance in pF
+
+//result
+mprintf("capacitance = %3.2f pF",(Cd*10^12));
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1220a77c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 3
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 32.7; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R = 1.36; //resistance of arm in Ω
+L = 47.8; //inducatance in mH
+
+
+//calculations
+R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4))-R; //resistance of coil in Ω
+L1 = (R2/(R4))*L; //in case of balanced position of bridge in mH
+
+//result
+mprintf("Resistance pf the coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\ninductance in case of balanced bridge = %3.2f mH",L1);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b676f21b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 12 example 30
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f1 = 1*10^6; //frequency in Hz
+f2 = 2*10^6; //frequency in Hz
+C1 = 480*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+C2 = 90*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+R = 10; //resistance
+
+//calculations
+Cd = (C1-(4*C2))/3; //self capacitance of the coil in pF
+Q1 = 1/(2*%pi*f1*(C1+Cd)*R); //the indicated or effective Q of the coil
+Q11 = 1/(2*%pi*f1*(C1)*R); //the true Q of the first instrument
+Q2 = 1/(2*(%pi)*f2*(C2+Cd)*R); //the indicated or effective Q for the second instrument
+Q22 = 1/(2*(%pi)*f2*(C2)*R); //the true Q of the second instrument
+
+//result
+mprintf("the indicated or effective Q of the coil = %3.1f ",Q1);
+mprintf("\nthe true Q of the first instrument = %3.3f",Q11);
+mprintf("\nthe indicated or effective Q for the second instrument = %3.3f",Q2);
+mprintf("\nthe true Q of the second instrument = %3.2f",Q22);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67e819206 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 4
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C4 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+
+//calculations
+R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω
+L1 = C4*R2*R3; //inductance of inductor in H
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f H",L1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0396d684 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 5
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 218; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C4 = 10*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+r = 469;
+
+//calculations
+R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω
+x = (r*(R3+R4))+(R3*R4)
+L1 = (C4*R2*x)/(R2); //inductance of inductor in H
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f H",L1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3eaab29cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 6
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 400; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 400; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 400; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C4 = 2*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+r = 500; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω
+x = (r*(R3+R4))+(R3*R4)
+L1 = (C4*R2*x)/(R3); //inductance of inductor in H
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f Henry",L1);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5bbde399b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 7
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 500; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C4 = 3*10**-6; //capacitance in F
+r = 100;
+
+//calculations
+R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω
+x = (r*(R3+R4))+(R3*R4)
+L1 = (C4*R2*x)/(R4); //inductance of inductor in H
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2fHenry",L1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..927eaf172 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 8
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 16800; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R4 = 833; //resistance of arm in Ω
+C4 = 0.38*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+w = 2*(%pi)*f;
+L1 = (R2*R3*C4)/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //inductance in H
+R1 = (R2*R3*R4*(w^2)*(C4^2))/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //resistance in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("inductance of inductor = %3.2fHenry",L1);
+mprintf("\nresistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5cba7301c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===============================================================================
+//Chapter 12 Example 9
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R3 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω
+R1 = 500; //resistance of arm in Ω
+L1 = 0.18; //inductance in H
+
+//calculations
+f = 5000/(2*(%pi)); //frequency in Hz
+w = 2*(%pi)*f;
+x = R1/((w^2)*L1); //R4*C4 be x
+z = ((w^2)*(x^2));
+a = (1+z);
+C4 = (L1*a)/(R2*R3);
+//from 1 and 2 equations
+//R4 = R4*C4/C4 = x/C4
+R4 = (x)/(C4); //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance = %3.2f Ω",R4);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..854c1566e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 1
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+l = 0.6; //length of solenoid in m
+N = 600; //number of turns
+I = 2; //current passing through solenoid in A
+ur = 1; //air coiled solenoid
+r = 0.025; //radius in m
+
+//calculations
+H = (N*I)/(l); //magnetic field at the centre in AT/metre
+u0 = 4*(%pi)*(10^-7); //flux
+a = ((%pi)/(4))*(r^2); //area
+phi = ur*u0*H*a; //flux passing through thesecondary coil
+
+//calculations
+mprintf("magnetic field = %3.2f AT/metre",H);
+mprintf("flux = %3.2e Wb",phi);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21bae3cdd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+d = 0.3; //diameter in m
+a = 4*10^-4; //cross sectional area of iron ring in m**2
+N = 80; //number of turns on magnetising coil
+Ns = 30; //number of turns on secondary coil
+F = 0.1*10^-3; //flux meter constant in Wb-turn
+D = 46; //deflection factor
+I = 2; //current in A
+
+//calculations
+//phi = (N*I*u0*ur*a)/l
+// phi = x*l
+//lat x = (N*I*u0*a)/l
+l = d*%pi;
+u0 = 4*(%pi)*10^-7;
+x =(N*I*u0*a)/(l);
+// total change in Wb-turns y = 2*phi*Ns = 2*x*ur*Ns
+y = 2*x*Ns;
+df = F*D; //change in flux measuredby the flux meter in wb-turns
+ur =df/y; //relative permeability
+
+//result
+mprintf("relative permeabitlity = %3.0d",ur);
+mprintf("\n Note:textbook answer represents the approximate value")
+
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65e751633 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 13
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Q = 1000; //Charge passed through galvanometer in uC
+theta1 = 60;
+d = 10; //defelction in mm
+r = 1000; //m=circular scale
+
+//calculations
+theta2 = %pi/(3) //conversion of degrees to radians
+K = Q/(theta2); //galvanometer constant in uC/radian
+theta = d/(2*r); //angle turned through by reflected ray for aswing of 10 mm
+Q1 = K*theta; //charge for a swing of 0.005 radian in uC
+
+//result
+mprintf("charge for a swing of 0.005 radian = %3.2f uC",Q1);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c5da438c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 12
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f = 50; //number of reversals
+m = 1; //mass
+d = 7.8*10**3; //density
+A = 4800; //area of the loop m^3
+x = 200; //in AT/m
+x1 = 10; // 1 unit in mm
+y1 = 10; // 1 unit in mm
+y = 0.1; //in T
+
+//claculations
+V = m/d; //volume of magnetic material in m^3
+l = A*(x/x1)*(y/y1);
+l1 = l*V*f; //hysteresis loss in watts per kg at 50 Hz
+
+//result
+mprintf("hysteresis loss at 50 Hz = %3.3f watts per kg ",l1);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24a319699 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f = 60; //supply frequency in Hz
+Pi = 360; //iron loss in W
+f = 60;
+//Pe =6*Ph;
+//Pi = Pe+Ph
+//360= (6*Ph)+Ph
+Ph = Pi/7; //hysteresis loss in W
+Pe = Pi-Ph; //eddy current loss in W
+ //Ph1 = (f1/f)*Ph
+Ph1 = (1/f)*Pe; //hysteresis loss in watts
+//Ph1 =Ph1*f1
+//Pe1 = ((f1/f)^2)*Pe
+Pe1 =((1/f)^2)*Pe; //eddy current loss
+//Pe1 = Pe1*Pe
+Pi1 =Ph1+Pe1;
+Pi1 = 2*Pi;
+//720 = 0.857*f1+(0.0857*f1^2)
+f1 =86.8
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("new supplyfrequency = %3.2f HZ",f1);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71df4d8d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 14
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+//Ph = A*f
+//Pe = B*f^2
+//Pi = Ph+Pe
+Pi = 17.2; //power in W
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+Pi1 = 28.9; //iron loss in W
+
+m = 13; //weight in kg
+
+//calculations
+//17.2 = 40*A+((40)^2)*B
+//28.9 = 60*A+((60)^2)*B
+A = 0.326667
+B = 0.002583
+Ph = (A*f)/m //hysteresis loss per kg in W
+Pe = (B*(f^2))/m //eddy current loss per kg in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("hysteresis loss per kg = %3.2f W",Ph);
+mprintf("\neddy current loss per kg = %3.3f W",Pe);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8dd818cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 15
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+A = 0.5;
+B = 0.01;
+f = 50;
+n = 10;
+
+//calculations
+Pe = B*(f^2); //eddy current loss at 50 Hz in W
+Pe1 = Pe/n; //eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz in watts
+
+//result
+mprintf("eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz = %3.2f watts",Pe1);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb6052971 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 16
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+x = 0.8; //Kf2/Kf1
+y =1.2;
+
+//Pe2/Pe1 = (Kf2/Kf1)^2
+p = x^2;
+//Pe2 = p*Pe1; //
+//p1 = (Pe1-Pe2)/Pe1;
+p1 = (1-p)*100; //percentage change in hysteresis current loss
+p2 = y^2;
+p12 = (y-1)*100; //percentage change in hysteresis current loss
+p3 =(p2-1)*100; //percentage change in eddy current loss in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage change in hysteresis current loss = %3.3f percentage decrease",p1);
+mprintf("\npercentage change in hysteresis current loss = %3.3f percentage increase",p12);
+mprintf("\npercentage change in eddy current loss in = %3.2f percentage increase",p3);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..693a5f32f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 17
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+w = 0.03; //width of plates in m
+n = 51; //number of plates
+t = 0.000489; //thickness in m^3
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+Bmax = 1;
+N = 600;
+P1 = 3; //copper loss in watts
+m = 11; //weight in kg
+
+//calculations
+A = w*n*t; //mean area of plates in m^3
+E = 4.44*f*Bmax*A*N; //induced voltage in V
+//from graph corresponding to voltage of 100 volts
+P2 = 30.5; //total losses in watts
+P = P2-P1; //iron loss in watts
+PL = P/m; //loss per kg in watts
+
+//result
+mprintf("iron loss per kg = %3.2f watts",PL);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5238cb299 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 2
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+m = 100; //number of turns
+n = 1000; //turns per m
+theta1 = 10; //first throw in mm
+theta2 = 9.5; //second throw in mm
+I =10; //current in A
+R = 500; // resistance in Ω
+A = 0.002; //area in m**2
+
+//calculations
+//Q = (8*(math.pi)*(10**-7)*N*Ns*I*A)/(l*R) //in columbs
+//Q = (8*(math.pi)*(10**-7)*n*l*m*I*A)/(l*R)
+//Q =(8*(math.pi)*(10**-7)*n*m*I*A)/(R)
+lamda = log(theta1/(theta2));
+theta = theta1*(1+(lamda/(2)));
+K =(8*(%pi)*(10^-7)*n*m*I*A)/(R*theta); //galvanometer constant in C/mm
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("galvanometer constant = %3.2e C/mm",K);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ec1e4a27 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 4
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+T0 = 4; //time of swing in seconds
+Ig =0.001; //current in A
+lamda = 0;
+theta = 50; //steady deflection in scale divisions
+theta1 = 220; //maximum throw in scale division
+V =100; //potential of the condenser in V
+
+//calculations
+Q = (T0/(2*%pi))*(Ig/theta)*(1+(lamda/2))*theta1; //quantity of electricity discharged in uC
+C = Q/(V); //capacity of the condenser in F
+
+//result
+mprintf("capacity of the condenser = %3.2d uF",(C*10^6));
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c0bf2960 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 5
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+N = 1; //number of turns on search coil
+Rc = 0.025; //resistance of search coil in Ω
+Nw = 1.5*10^-4; //number of wb-turns required for deflection of 1 division
+M = 120000; //reluctane of magnetic circuit
+MMF = 8000; //magnetic circuit is excited in ampere-turn
+f = 1.5*10^-4; //fluxmeter without shunt (K/N = phi/theta)
+theta =120;
+
+//calculations
+phi = (MMF/(M)); //flux produced in WB
+//phi = ((Rs+Rc)/Rs)*((K*theta)/N)
+Rs = (Rc*f*theta)/(phi-(f*theta)); //resistance of shunt in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of shunt = %3.2e Ω",Rs);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91a4c46bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 6
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rc = 1; //resistance in Ω
+N = 5; //multiplying factor
+
+//calculations
+//N = (Rs+Rc)/Rs
+Rs = Rc/(N-1); //shunt resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("shunt resistance = %3.2f Ω",Rs);
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96ca3a745 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 7
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 180; //resistance in Ω
+R2 = 20; //resistance in Ω
+A = 0.005; //area in m^2
+Ns = 1000; //number of turns on search coil
+G1 = 100*10^-6; //galvanometer constant C
+G2 = 100; //galvanometer throw
+
+//calculations
+Rs = R1+R2; //total resistance of secondary circuit in Ω
+Q = G1*G2; //charge passed through ballistic galvanometer in C
+//Q = i*t = (E/Rs)*t = ((2*phi*Ns)/(t*Rs))*t = (2*phi*Ns)/Rs
+phi = (Q*Rs)/(2*Ns); //flux in Wb
+B = phi/(A); //flux density in Wb/m^2
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("flux density = %3.2f Wb/m^2",B);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bba9c53ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 8
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+d = 0.1; //diameter in m
+a = 33.5*10^-6; //cross sectional area of iron ring in m^2
+Ns = 220; //number of turns on secondary coil
+Nm = 320; //number of turns on magnetising winding
+I = 10; //current in A
+B = 2.5*10^-3; //flux in Wb
+n = 102; //reading of scale
+g = 272; //galvanometer throw
+
+
+//calculations
+l = (%pi)*d; //mean length of iron ring in m
+H = (Nm*I)/(l); //magnetising force with 10 A current
+K = B/(n);
+//2*phi*Ns = K*g
+phi = (K*g)/(2*Ns); //flux in Wb
+B1 = phi/(a); //flux density in Wb/m**2
+u0 = 4*%pi*10^-7;
+//B = u0*ur*H
+x = u0*H;
+//B = x*ur
+//ur = B/x
+ur = B1/x; //relative permeability
+
+//result
+mprintf("relative permeability = %3.1f",ur);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7989bc34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 13 example 9
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 2000; //resistance in Ω
+l = 1; //mean length of iron ring in m
+A = 350*10^-6; //area in m**2
+Ns = 200; //number of turns on secondary coil
+G1 = 1*10^-6; //galvanometer constant C
+G2 = 100; //galvanometer throw
+N =100;
+
+//calculations
+u0 = 4*(%pi)*10^-7;
+H = (N*I)/(l); //magnetising force with 10 A current
+Q = G1*G2; //charge passed through ballistic galvanometer in C
+//Q = i*t = (E/Rs)*t = ((2*phi*Ns)/(t*Rs))*t = (2*phi*Ns)/Rs
+phi = (Q*R)/(2*Ns); //flux in Wb
+B = phi/(A); //flux density in Wb/m**2
+ur = (B/(u0*H)); //relative permeability
+
+//result
+mprintf("flux density = %3.3f Wb/m**2",B);
+mprintf("\nrelative permeability = %3.0f",ur);
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a9426659 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 1
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+VREF =10; //reference voltage in V
+
+
+//calculations
+W1 = VREF/2; //the second MSB weight in V
+W2 = VREF/4; //the third MSB weight in V
+W3 = VREF/8 //the fourth (or LSB ) MSB weight in V
+W = VREF+W1+W2+W3; //full scale output in V
+r = W/4; //resolution in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("the second MSB weight =%3.2d",W1);
+mprintf("\nthe third MSB weight =%3.2d",W2);
+mprintf("\nthe fourth (or LSB ) weight =%3.2d",W3);
+mprintf("\nthe resolution of DAC is equal to the weight of the LSB = %3.2f V",W3);
+mprintf("\nfull scale output = %3.2f V",r);
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abae991ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//===================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 2
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+D = 16; //output voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+Dn1 = D/(2^1); //first MSB output in V
+Dn2 = D/(2^2); //second MSB output in V
+Dn3 = D/(2^3); //third MSB output in V
+Dn4 = D/(2^4); //fourth MSB output in V
+Dn5 = D/(2^5); //fifth MSB output in V
+Dn6 = D/(2^6); //Sixth MSB output in V
+V = Dn1+Dn2+Dn3+Dn4+Dn5+Dn6;
+Vout = ((D*(2^0))+(D*(2^1))+(0*(2^2))+(D*(2^3))+(0*(2^4))+(D*(2^5)))/(2^6); //for digital input 101011
+
+//result
+mprintf(" first MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn1);
+mprintf("\n second MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn2);
+mprintf("\n third MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn3);
+mprintf("\n fourth MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn4);
+mprintf("\n fifth MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn5);
+mprintf("\n Sixth MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn6);
+mprintf("\nthe resolution is equal to the weight of the LSB = %3.2f V",Dn6);
+mprintf("\nthe full scale output for digital input of 101011 =%3.2f V",V);
+mprintf("\nthe voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = %3.2f V",Vout);
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa9e94930 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 3
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+
+T = 2500; //transitions per second
+t1 = 0.1; //time in s
+t2 = 1; //time in s
+t3 = 10; //time in s
+
+//calculations
+C1 = T*t1; //counter can count or display
+C2 = T*t2; //counter can count or display
+C3 = T*t3; //counter can count or display
+
+//result
+mprintf(" counter can count or display when 0.1 s = %3.2d",C1);
+mprintf(" \ncounter can count or display when 1 s = %3.2d",C2);
+mprintf(" \ncounter can count or display when 10 s = %3.2d",C3);
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2c726603 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 4
+clc;
+clear al;
+
+//variable declaration
+N = 45; //count
+t = 0.01; //gate enable time in s
+
+//calculations
+f = N/t; //frequency in Hz
+
+//result
+mprintf("frequency = %3.1f kHz",(f*10^-3));
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..706237a9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 5
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+t = 5*10^6; //time reaading in ms
+t2 = 500; //time reaading in ms
+x = 0.005; //accuracy in percent of reading
+t3 = 500*10^3; //time reaading in ms
+
+//calculations
+e = ((x/100)*t)+1; //maximum likely timing error in ms
+e1 = ((x/100)*t2)+1; //maximum timing error in ms
+a = t2*10^6; //maximum accuracy mininum error will be obtained when the time is read on the us read
+e3 = ((x/100)*t3)+1; //maximum timing error in ms
+
+//result
+mprintf("maximum likely timing error when time reading is 05000000 ms = %3.2f ms",e);
+mprintf("\nmaximum timing error when time reading is 00000500 ms = %3.2f ms",e1);
+mprintf("\nmaximum error when time reading is 00500000 = %3.2f ms",e3);
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7a3474d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 6
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+n =3; //number of full digits
+v1 = 1; //voltage in V
+v2 = 10; //voltage in V
+v3 = 5; //voltage in V
+a = 0.5; //accuracy of reading in %
+r = 2; //reading in V
+
+//calculations
+R = 1/(10^n); //resolution
+V1 = R*v1; //for full scale range of 1V ,the resolution in V
+V2 = R*v2; //for full scale range of 10V ,the resolution in V
+v = v3*R; //the digit in least significant digit has a value of in V
+e = ((a/100)*r)+v; //total possible error on in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("for full scale range of 1V ,the resolution = %3.4f V",V1);
+mprintf("\nfor full scale range of 10V ,the resolution = %3.4f V",V2);
+mprintf("\ntotal possible error = %3.5f V",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c5ff2899 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 7
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+n =4; //number of full digits
+v1 = 1; //voltage in V
+v2 = 10; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+R = 1/(10^n); //resolution
+R1 = R*v1; //resolution on 1V range in V
+R2 = R*v2; //resolution on 10V range in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("R = %3.4f V",R);
+
+mprintf("\nthere are 5 digits in 4 (1/2) display digit display ,so 15.84 would display as 15.840");
+mprintf("\nR1 = %3.4f V",R1);
+mprintf("\nany reading upto 4 th decimal can be displayed ");
+mprintf("\nhence 0.5243 can be dislayed as 0.5243")
+mprintf("\n R2 = %3.4f V",R2);
+mprintf("\nany reading upto third decimal can be displayed ");
+mprintf("\nhence 0.5243 can be dislayed as 0.524 instead of 0.5243");
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b67b2880 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 8
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+n =3; //number of full digits
+v1 = 10; //voltage in V
+v2 = 100; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+R = 1/(10^n); //resolution
+R1 = R*v1; //resolution on 1V range in V
+R2 = R*v2; //resolution on 10V range in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("R = %3.4f V",R);
+
+mprintf("\nthe meter cannot distinguish the values that differ from each by less than 0.001 of full scale");
+mprintf("\nR1 = %3.4f V",R1);
+mprintf("\nany decimal upto second decimal can be displayed ");
+mprintf("\nhence 15.45 can be dislayed as 15.45")
+mprintf("\n R2 = %3.4f V",R2);
+mprintf("\nany deccimal upto one decimal can be displayed ");
+mprintf("\nhence 25.65 can be dislayed as 025.6 instead of 25.65");
+
diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63e0840bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 14 example 9
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+n =4; //number of full digits
+v1 = 10; //voltage in V
+V1 = 1; //voltage in V
+V2 =10; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+R = 1/(10^n); //resolution
+R1 = R*v1; //resolution on 1V range in V
+R2 = R*V1; //resolution on 1V range in V for display 0.6132 V
+R3 = R*V2; //resolution on 10V range in V for display 0.6132 V
+
+//result
+mprintf("R = %3.4f V",R);
+mprintf("\nR1 = %3.4f V",R1);
+mprintf("\nany decimal upto third decimal can be displayed ");
+mprintf("\nhence 13.97 can be dislayed as 13.970")
+mprintf("\n R2 = %3.4f V",R2);
+mprintf("\nany deccimal upto fourth decimal can be displayed on 1V");
+mprintf("\nhence 0.6132 can be dislayed as 0.6132 V");
+mprintf("\n R3 = %3.4f V",R3);
+mprintf("\nany deccimal upto third decimal can be displayed on 10 V ");
+mprintf("\nhence 0.6132 can be dislayed as 0.613 V");
+
diff --git a/3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51910d2d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 15 example 1
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Ip = 25; //power level ot the third-order intercept in dBm
+M = -85; //minimum detectable signal in dBm
+
+//calculations
+Rd = (2/3)*(Ip-M);
+
+//result
+mprintf("dynamic range = %3.0f dB",Rd);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b93a99266 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 15 example 2
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decalaration
+N = 20; //noise figure indB
+B = 1000; //bandwidth in Hz
+
+//calculations
+x = B/(10^6);
+//log(10**-3)= (-3)*log(1) = -3
+M = (-114)+((10*(-3))*(1))+N; //log(1) = 1
+
+//result
+mprintf("minimum detectable signal = %3.2f dBm",M);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..871bfb780 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 1
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+l = 0.025; //length of plates in m
+d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m
+S = 0.2; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m
+Va =3000; //accelerating voltage in V
+x =0.1; //trace length(2*y) in m
+
+
+//cacualtions
+//y = lSVd/(2*d*Va)
+Vd = (d*Va*x)/(l*S); //deflection voltgae in V
+Vrms = Vd/(sqrt(2)); //rms value of sinusoidal voltage applied to the X-deflecting plates in V
+Sd = (l*S)/(2*d*Va); //deflection voltage in mm/V
+
+//result
+mprintf("rms value of sinusoidal voltage applied to the X-deflecting plates = %3.2d V",Vrms);
+mprintf("\ndefelection sensitivity = %3.3f mm/V",(Sd*10**3));
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a90c0ffdb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declartion
+wy = 3; //positive Y-axis in pattern
+wx = 2; //positive X-axis in pattern
+
+//calculations
+f =wy/(wx); //frequency of vertical and horizontal signal
+
+//result
+mprintf("frequency of vertical and horizontal signal = %3.1f",f);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba92250d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+y1 = 2; //positive y- peaks in pattern
+y2 = 0.5; //positive y-peaks in pattern
+x1 = 0.5; //positive x-peaks in pattern
+x2 = 0.5; //positive x-peaks in pattern
+F = 3; //frequency of horizontal voltage signal in kHz
+
+//calculations
+fx = x1+x2; //frequency of X
+fy = y1+y2; //frequency of Y
+f = fy/(fx);
+fv = f*F; //frequency of vertical voltage signal in kHz
+
+//Result
+mprintf("frequency of vertical voltage signal in = %3.1f kHz",fv);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00cff751f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 12
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+fx = 1000; //frequency of horizontal input in Hz
+Pv = 2; //pointsof tangency to vertical line
+Ph = 5; //pointsof tangency to horizontal line
+
+//calculations
+fy = fx*(Ph/(Pv)); //frequency ofvertical input in Hz
+
+//result
+mprintf("frequency ofvertical input = %3.2f Hz",fy);
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c97bd8e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 13
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+d = 1; //1 division is equal to 1 cm
+M = 0.4; //mark in cm
+S = 1.6; //mark in cm
+A = 2.15; //amplitude in cm
+t = 10; //time-base control setting in us
+p = 0.2; //amplitude control setting
+
+//calcculations
+R = M/S; //mark to space ratio
+T = (M+S)*t; //time for mark and space in divisions
+f = 1/T; //pulse in frequency kHz
+P = A*p; //magnitude of pule voltage in V
+
+//Result
+mprintf("mark-to-space ratio = %3.2f",R);
+mprintf("\npulse frequency = %3.2f kHz",f);
+mprintf("\nmagnitude of pulse voltage = %3.2f V",P);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bedf5701 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 2
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+l = 0.02; //length of plates in m
+d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m
+S = 0.3; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m
+Va =2000; //accelerating voltage in V
+Y =0.03; //trace length in m
+
+
+//cacualtions
+//y = lSVd/(2*d*Va)
+Vd = (d*Va*x)/(l*S); //deflection voltgae in V
+Vrms = Vd/(sqrt(2)); //rms value of sinusoidal voltage applied to the X-deflecting plates in V
+Vin = Vrms/(Vd); //input voltage required in V
+
+//result
+mprintf(" nput voltage required = %3.3f V",Vin);
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7e5a575c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 3
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Va = 1000; //accelerating voltage in V
+e = 1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron in C
+m = 9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron in kg
+
+
+//calcuations
+V = sqrt(2*Va*(e/m)); //maximum velocity of electrons in m/s
+
+//result
+mprintf("maximum velocity of electrons = %3.3e m/s",V);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d4988f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 4
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Va = 2000; //accelerating voltage in V
+e = 1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron in C
+m = 9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron in kg
+l = 0.015; //length of plates in m
+d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m
+S = 0.5; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m
+
+//calcuations
+V = sqrt(2*Va*(e/m)); //beam speed in m/s
+Sd = (l*S)/(2*d*Va); //deflection sensitivity of the tube in mm/V
+D = 1/(Sd); //defelection factor in V/mm
+
+//result
+mprintf("Beam speed = %3.3e m/s",V);
+mprintf("\ndeflection sensitivity of the tube %3.3f mm/V",(Sd*10^3));
+mprintf("\ndefelcction factor = %3.4f V/mm",(D*10^-3));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3e3bef30 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 5
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+l = 0.02; //length of plates in m
+d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m
+S = 0.2; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m
+Va = 2500; //accelerating voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+Sd = (l*S)/(2*d*Va); //deflection sensitivity of the tube in mm/V
+
+//result
+mprintf("deflection sensitivity of the tube %3.2f mm/V",(Sd*10^3));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3eb0ae54 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 6
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//varable declaration
+l = 2.5; //length of plates in cm
+d = 1; //distance between plates in cm
+theta = 1; //angular defelecction of electron beam in degrees
+Va = 1000; //accelerating voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+//tan(theta) = l*Vd/(2*d*Va)
+x = tan(((theta*%pi)/180));
+Vd =(( 2*d*Va)/(l))*x; //required voltage in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("Voltage required across the deflection plates = %3.2f V",Vd);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a58186e8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 7
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaartion
+l = 0.025; //length of plates in m
+d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m
+S = 0.2; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m
+Va = 2500; //accelerating voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+//y = (s*(d/2))/(l/2)
+y = (S*d)/(l); //defelction in m
+
+//result
+mprintf("deflection= %3.2f m",y);
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82d4b3558 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 8
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+//as shown in patern is straight line
+dvo = 0;
+Dv = 6;
+//pattern is ellipse
+dvo1 = 3;
+Dv1 =6;
+//pattern is circle
+dvo2 = 1;
+Dv2 = 1;
+//pattern is ellipse
+dvo3 = 3;
+Dv3 =5;
+
+//calculations
+y4 =dvo1/(Dv1);
+phi1 = asin(dvo/(Dv)); //phase angle in degrees
+phi2 = asin(dvo1/(Dv1)); //phase angle in degrees
+phi3 = asin(dvo2/(Dv2)); //phase angle in degrees
+phi4 = asin(dvo3/(Dv3)); //phase angle in degrees
+phi22 = 180-((phi2*180)/(%pi));
+phi44 = 180-((phi4*180)/(%pi));
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("phase angle = %3.2f °",((phi1*180)/%pi));
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f ° or %3.2f °",((phi2*180)/%pi),(phi22));
+mprintf("\nbut from figure ellipse is inn 2nd and fourt quarterso the valid value of phase angle is %3.2f °",phi2);
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",((phi3*180)/(%pi)));
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f° or %3.2f °",(((phi4*180)/%pi)),(phi44));
+mprintf("\nbut from figure ellipse is inn 2nd and fourt quarterso the valid value of phase angle is %3.2f °",phi44);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f56e39d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//=====================================================================================
+//Chapter 16 example 9
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f = 2000; //frequency in Hz
+D = 0.2; //duty cycle
+
+//calculations
+T = 1/(f); //time period in ms
+d = D*T; //pulse duration in ms
+
+//result
+mprintf("pulse duration = %3.2f ms",(d*10^3));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb2112613 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 1
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Am = 10.25; //measured value in Ω
+A = 10.22; //True value in Ω
+
+//calculations
+dA = Am-A; //absolute error in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("abslotue error = %3.2f Ω",dA);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..567b91878 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 100; //resistance in Ω
+dR = 0.2; //resistancce error in Ω(ranging + to -)
+I = 2; //current in A
+dI = 0.01; //error in current in A(ranging + to -)
+
+//calaculatons
+eR = (dR/(R))*100; //percentage limiting error to resistance in %(ranging + to -)
+eI = (dI/(I))*100; //percentage limiting error to current in %(ranging + to -)
+P = (I^2)*R; //power dissioation in W
+eP = (2*eI)+eR; //worst ossible combination of errors the limiting error in the power dissipation in %
+p = (eP*10^-2)*P; //error in power in watts
+P1 = P+p; //power dissipation in W
+P2 =P-p; //power dissipation in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("limiting error = %3.2f percentage',eP);
+mprintf("\npower dissipation %3.2f W %3.2f W",P2,P1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..114fa25cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 200; //full-scale reading i V
+n = 100; //number of divivsions of scale
+
+//calculations
+n1 = V/(n); //1 scale division in V
+R = n1/(5); //1/5 th of scale division in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("resolution = %3.2f V",R);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0119b6f19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 12
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+u = 150; //capacitance in uF
+du = 2.4; //capacitance in uF
+v = 120; //capacitance in uF
+dv = 1.5; //capacitance in uF
+
+//calculations
+y = u+v; //resultant capacitance when capacitors are connectedd in parallel in uF
+dy = du+dv; //limiting error in uF(ranging + to -)
+er = (dy/(y))*100; //relative limiting error in %(ranging + to -)
+
+//result
+mprintf("limiting error of the resultant capacitance = %3.2f percentage',er);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c76ab75c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 13
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 1000; //resistance in Ω
+R2 = 500; //resistance in Ω
+eR1 = 1; //error resistance
+eR2 = 1; //error resistance
+
+//calculations
+R = (R1*R2)/(R1+R2); //resistance in Ω
+X = R1*R2;
+Y = R1+R2;
+dX = (eR1+eR2); //error in X
+//dY = (dR1/Y)+(dR2/Y);
+//dY = (R1/Y)*(dR1/R1)+((R2/Y)*(dR2/R2)
+dY = ((R1/(Y))*(eR1))+((R2/(Y))*(eR2)); //error in Y
+eP = dX+dY; //percentage error in equivaent parallel resistance in %
+e = R*(eP/(100)); //error(maximum ossible) in equivalent parallel resistance in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage",eP);
+mprintf("\nerror in equivalent parallel resistance = %3.2f Ω",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ceb1d0b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 14
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 200; //resistancce in Ω
+R2 = 100; //resistancce in Ω
+R3 = 50; //resistancce in Ω
+dR1 = 5; //change in resistancce(dR1/R1) in %
+dR2 = 5; //change in resistancce(dR2/R2) in %
+dR3 = 5; //change in resistancce(dR3/R3) in %
+y1 = 20000;
+y2 = 5000;
+y3 = 10000;
+
+
+//calculations
+Rse = R1+R2+R3; //equivalent resistance in Ω
+R = ((R1/(Rse))*(dR1))+((R2/(Rse))*(dR2))+((R3/(Rse))*(dR3));
+e = Rse*(R/(100)); //relative limiting error of series equivalent in Ω
+X = R1*R2*R3;
+Y = (R2*R3)+(R1*R3)+(R1*R2);
+RP = X/(Y); //equivalent resistance in Ω
+eX = dR1+dR2+dR3; //error in X in %
+dy1 = dR1+dR2; //error(dy1/y1) n y1 in %
+dy2 = dR2+dR3; //error(dy2/y2) in y2 in %
+dy3 = dR3+dR1; //error(dy3/y3) in y3 in %
+eY = ((y1/(Y))*(dy1))+((y2/(Y))*(dy2))+((y3/(Y))*(dy3)); //percentage error in %
+pemax = eX+eY; //percentage error (maximum possible) in equivalent parallel resistance in %
+emax = RP*(pemax/(100)); //error maximum possible in equivalent parallel resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("equivalent resistance = %3.2f Ω",Rse);
+mprintf("\nrelative limiting error of series resistance = %3.2f percentage",R);
+mprintf("\nrelative limiting error of series equivalent = %3.2f Ω",e);
+mprintf("\npercentage error (maximum possible) in equivalent parallel resistance= %3.2f percetage",pemax);
+mprintf("\nerror maximum possible in equivalent parallel resistance =%3.4f Ω',emax);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3161d5be4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 15
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decelaration
+er = 0.015; //limiting error
+V = 100; //range of voltmeter in V
+I = 150; //range of ammeter in mA
+V1 = 70; //magnitude of voltage being measured in V
+I1 = 80; //magnitude of current being measured in mA
+
+//calculations
+dV = er*V; //magnitude(dV/V of limiting error of the voltmeter in V
+eV = (dV/(V1))*100; //percentage(dI/I) limitng error at this voltage in %
+dI = er*I; //magnitude of limitng error off the ammeter in mA
+eI = (dI/(I1))*100; //percentage limitng error at this current in %
+P = V1*(I1/(1000)); //power in W
+dPx = eV+eI; //relative limiting error(dPx/Px) in power measurement in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("relative limitng error in power measurement= %3.4f percentage",dPx);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bdebb00e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +
+//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 16
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+E =200; //limiting voltage in V
+R = 1000; //resistance in Ω
+eE = 1; //relative limiting error(dE/E) in %
+eR = 5; //relative limting error(dR/R) in %
+
+//calculations
+P = (E**2)/(R); //normal power consumed in W
+eP = ((2*eE)+eR); //relative limiting error(dP/P) in measurement of power in %
+dP = P*(eP/(100)); //limitng error of power in watts
+
+//result
+mprintf("Normal power consumed = %3.2f W",P);
+mprintf("\nrelative limitng error in power measurement= %3.2f percentage rangng +eP to -eP",eP);
+mprintf("\nlimitng error of power = %3.2f percentage",dP);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2623a1f4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 17
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R1 = 500; //resistance in Ω
+R2 = 615; //resistance in Ω
+R3 = 100; //resistance in Ω
+dR1 = 1; //limiting error(dR1/R1) in %
+dR2 = 1; //limiting error(dR1/R1) in %
+dR3 = 0.5; //limiting error(dR1/R1) in %
+
+//calculations
+R4 = (R1*R2)/(R3); //unknown resistance in Ω
+dR4 =dR1+dR2+dR3; //relative error of unknown resistance in % ranging - to +
+e = R4*(dR4/(100)); //limitng error in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown resistance = %.2f Ω",R4);
+mprintf("\nrelative error of unknown resistance ranging - to + = %3.2f percentage ",dR4);
+mprintf("\nlimitng error = %3.2f Ω",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..251db7ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 18
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declartaion
+r = 0.5*10^-3; //in mm
+p1 = 200; //in Pa
+p2 = 150; //in Pa
+Q = 4*10^-7; //in m**3/s
+l = 1; //length in m
+dr = 0.01;
+dp1 = 3;
+dp2 = 2
+dQ =0
+dl =0;
+
+//calculations
+u = ((%pi)*((r^4)*((p1*10^3)-(p2*10^3)))/((8*Q*l))); //absolute error inkr/m-s
+er = (dr/((r/(10^-3))))*100; //dr/r in %
+ep1 = (dp1/(p1))*100; //dp1/p1 in %
+ep2 = (dp2/(p2))*100; //dp2/p2 in %
+eQ = (dQ/(Q))*100; //dQ/Q in %
+el = (dl/(l))*100; //dl/l in %
+p = p1-p2; //dp/p in Pa
+ep = (((p1/(p))*(ep1))+(p2/(p))*(ep2)); //percentage error in % anging - to +
+eu = (4*er)+(ep+eQ+el); //percentage error in % ranging - to +
+ua = u*(eu/100); //absolute error in kg/m-s
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("absolute error = %3.3e kg/m-s",u);
+mprintf("\nxabsolute error = %3.2e kg/m-s",ua);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52c203443 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 19
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+C = 1*10^-6; //capacitance in F
+dC = 1; //error capacitance in %
+P = 1000; //resistance in Ω
+dP = 0.4; //error in resistance in %
+Q = 2000; //resistance in Ω
+dQ = 1; //error in resistance in %
+S = 2000; //resistance in Ω
+dS = 0.5; //error in resistance in %
+r = 200; //resistance in Ω
+dr = 0.5; //error in resistance in %
+
+//calcukations
+Lx = ((C*P)*((r*(Q+S))+(Q*S)))/(S); //unknown inductance in Henry
+u =Q+S; //in Ω
+du = ((Q/(u))*(dQ))+((S/(u))*(dS)); //percentage error in %
+v = r*(Q+S);
+dv = dr+du; //percentage error of v in %
+x = Q*S;
+dx = dQ+dS; //percentage error of x in %
+y = (r*(Q+S))+(Q*S);
+dy = ((v/(y))*(dQ))+((x/(y))*(dx)); //percentage error in %
+dLx = dC+dP+dS+dy;
+
+//result
+mprintf("unknown inductance = %3.2f henry",Lx);
+mprintf("\npercentage error on inductance = %3.1f percentage",dLx);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fe9cebb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Am = 25.34; //measured value in watts
+dA = -0.11; //absolute error in watts
+
+
+//calculations
+A = Am-dA; //True value in wtts
+
+//result
+mprintf("abslotue error = %3.2f watts",A);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c087da9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 20
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 100; //resistance in Ω
+dR = 5; // error (dR/R) in %
+L = 2; //inductance
+r = 50;
+dL = 10; // error (dl/L) in %
+
+//calculations
+u = R**2;
+du = 2*dR; //percentage error(du/u) in %
+v = ((2*(%pi)*(r))**2)*(L**2);
+dv =2*dL; //percentage error(dv/v) in %
+x = u+v;
+dx =((u/(x))*(du))+((v/(x))*(dv)); //percentage error(dx/x)in %
+Z = sqrt(x);
+dZ = dx/(2); //uncertanity (dZ/Z) in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("uncertanity in the measurement = %3.3f percentage",dZ);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebc84c89a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 21
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+x1 = 49.7; //voltage in V
+x2 = 50.1; //voltage in V
+x3 = 50.2; //voltage in V
+x4 = 49.6; //voltage in V
+x5 = 49.7; //voltage in V
+n =5;
+
+//ccalculations
+x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5)/(5); //arthimetic mean
+d1 =x-x1; //deviation
+d2 =x-x2; //deviation
+d3 =x-x3; //deviation
+d4 =x-x4; //deviation
+d5 =x-x5; //deviation
+d = (d1**2)+(d2**2)+(d3**2)+(d4**2)+(d5**2);
+sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation
+
+//result
+mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.2f ",x);
+mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.3f",sigma);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d31c698e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 22
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+x1 = 41.7; //voltage in V
+x2 = 42; //voltage in V
+x3 = 41.8; //voltage in V
+x4 = 42; //voltage in V
+x5 = 42.1; //voltage in V
+x6 = 41.9; //voltage in V
+x7 = 42.5; //voltage in V
+x8 = 42; //voltage in V
+x9 = 41.9; //voltage in V
+x10 = 41.8; //voltage in V
+n =10;
+
+//ccalculations
+x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10)/(10); //arthimetic mean
+d1 =x-x1; //deviation
+d2 =x-x2; //deviation
+d3 =x-x3; //deviation
+d4 =x-x4; //deviation
+d5 =x-x5; //deviation
+d6 =x-x6; //deviation
+d7 =x-x7; //deviation
+d8 =x-x8; //deviation
+d9 =x-x9; //deviation
+d10 =x-x10; //deviation
+d = (d1^2)+(d2^2)+(d3^2)+(d4^2)+(d5^2)+(d6^2)+(d7^2)+(d8^2)+(d9^2)+(d10^2);
+sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation
+r = 0.6745*sigma; //probable error of one reading
+
+//result
+mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.2f ",x);
+mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.3f",sigma);
+mprintf("\nprobable error of ne reading = %3.3f",r);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fef867ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 23
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+x1 = 41.7; //voltage in V
+x2 = 42; //voltage in V
+x3 = 41.8; //voltage in V
+x4 = 42; //voltage in V
+x5 = 42.1; //voltage in V
+x6 = 41.9; //voltage in V
+x7 = 42.5; //voltage in V
+x8 = 42; //voltage in V
+x9 = 41.9; //voltage in V
+x10 = 41.8; //voltage in V
+n =10;
+
+//ccalculations
+x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10)/(10); //arthimetic mean
+d1 =x-x1; //deviation
+d2 =x-x2; //deviation
+d3 =x-x3; //deviation
+d4 =x-x4; //deviation
+d5 =x-x5; //deviation
+d6 =x-x6; //deviation
+d7 =x-x7; //deviation
+d8 =x-x8; //deviation
+d9 =x-x9; //deviation
+d10 =x-x10; //deviation
+d = (d1**2)+(d2**2)+(d3**2)+(d4**2)+(d5**2)+(d6**2)+(d7**2)+(d8**2)+(d9**2)+(d10**2);
+sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation
+r = 0.6745*sigma; //probable error of one reading
+rm = r/(sqrt(n-1)); //probable error of mean in V
+R = x7-x1; //range in V
+//result
+mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.2f",x);
+mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.3f",sigma);
+mprintf("\nprobable error of one reading = %3.3f",r);
+mprintf("\nprobable error of mean = %3.5f V',rm);
+mprintf("\nRange = %3.2f V',R);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1e96f424 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 24
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+x1 = 1.570; //voltage in V
+x2 = 1.597; //voltage in V
+x3 = 1.591; //voltage in V
+x4 =1.562; //voltage in V
+x5 =1.577; //voltage in V
+x6 = 1.580; //voltage in V
+x7 = 1.564; //voltage in V
+x8 = 1.586; //voltage in V
+x9 = 1.550; //voltage in V
+x10 = 1.575; //voltage in V
+n =10;
+
+//ccalculations
+x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10)/(10); //arthimetic mean
+d1 =x1-x; //deviation
+d2 =x2-x; //deviation
+d3 =x3-x; //deviation
+d4 =x4-x; //deviation
+d5 =x5-x; //deviation
+d6 =x6-x; //deviation
+d7 =x7-x; //deviation
+d8 =x8-x; //deviation
+d9 =x9-x; //deviation
+d10 =x10-x; //deviation
+D =(abs(d1)+abs(d2)+abs(d3)+abs(d4)+abs(d5)+abs(d6)+abs(d7)+abs(d8)+abs(d9)+abs(d10))/(n);
+d = ((d1^2)+(d2^2)+(d3^2)+(d4^2)+(d5^2)+(d6^2)+(d7^2)+(d8^2)+(d9^2)+(d10^2));
+sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation
+r = 0.6745*sigma; //probable error of one reading
+v = sigma^2;
+rm = r/(sqrt(n-1)); //probable error of mean in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.3f",x);
+mprintf("\naverage deviation = %3.3f gramme",D);
+mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.5f gramme*2",sigma);
+mprintf("\nprobable error of one reading = %3.5f gramme",r);
+mprintf("\n variance= %3.3e gramme^2",v);
+mprintf("\nprobable error of mean = %3.4f gramme",rm);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f96ec025 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 2
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+Am = 205.3*10**-6; //measured value in Ω
+A = 201.4*10**-6; //True value in Ω
+
+//calculations
+e0 = Am-A; //absolute error in Ω
+r = (e0/(A))*100; //relative error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("abslotue error = %3.2e F ",e0);
+mprintf("\nrelative error = %3.2f percentage",r);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03aa19196 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 4
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+ep = 5; //percentage error
+Am = 20; //measuredd value in H
+
+//calculations
+er = ep/(100); //relative error
+//A = Am+dA
+//dA = er*Am
+A = Am*(1+er); //limiting value of inductance in H
+A1 = Am*(1-er); //limiting value of inductance in H
+
+//result
+mprintf("limits of inductance =%3.2f H",A);
+mprintf("\n and = %3.2f H",A1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13bbea96e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 5
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+er = 1.5*10^-2; //accuracy
+A1 = 10; //current in A
+A2 = 2.5; //current in A
+
+//calculations
+dA = er*A1; //magnitude of limiting error of the instrument
+er1 = dA/(A2); //magnitude of current
+A11 = A2*(1+er1); //current in A
+A12 = A2*(1-er1); //current in A
+er2 = (dA/(A2))*100; //limiting error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("limiting values of current =%3.2f A and %3.2f",A11,A12);
+mprintf("\nlimiting error = %3.1f percentage',er2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb2f9fd2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 6
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+e = 0.01; //acuuracy
+v = 150; //voltage in V
+v1 = 83; // measured voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+dV = e*v; //magnitude of the limiting error of the instrument in V
+er = (dV/(v1))*100; //percentage limiting error at v1 voltage in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("limmiting error in case of 83V is = %3.2f percentage',er);
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d482a921a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 7
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+er = 0.01; // limiting error
+P = 1000; //power in watts
+P1 = 100; // true power in watts
+
+//calculations
+dP = er*P; //magnitude of instrument error of the instrument watts
+eP = (dP/(P1))*100; //percentage limiting error at 100 W power in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage limiting error at 100 W power = %3.2f percentage',eP);;
+
diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4aba39803 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 3 example 9
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+v = 110.2; //voltage drop in V
+i = 5.3; //current in A
+v1 = 0.2; //uncertainity in measurements in V
+i1 = 0.6; //uncertanity in measurments in A
+
+//calculations
+erv = (v1/(v))*100; //limiting error to voltage drop in %(ranging + to -)
+eri = (i1/(i))*100; //limitng error in currrent in %(ranging + to -)
+P = v*i; //power dissipated in the resistor in W
+eP = (erv+eri); //limting error in the power dissipation in %(ranging + to -)
+p = eP*P*10^-2; //power with limiting error in W
+e = erv+eri; //limiting error in power dissipation
+P1 = P+p; //power dissipation is given in W
+P11 = P-p; //power dissipation is given in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("power dissipated = %3.2f W',P);
+mprintf("\nlimiting error in the power dissipation = %3.1f percentage",e)
+mprintf("\nuncertanity in power ranging in %3.2f W to %3.2f",P11,P1);
diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f0bd68ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 4 example 1
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable decalartion
+L =0.4; //length of the strip in m
+W = 0.0005; //width of the strip in m
+t = 0.00008 //thickness in m
+E = 1.2*10^10; //young's modulus in kg/m**2
+d = 90; //deflection in degrees
+
+//calucaltions
+theta = %pi/(2); //deflection in radians
+T = ((E*W*(t^3))/(12*L*2))*(%pi); //torque exerted in Kg-m
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("torque exerted T = %3.2e Kg-m",T);
diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..240800e10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 4 example 2
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable decalartion
+W = 0.005; //controlling weight in Kg
+L = 0.024; //length in m
+Td = 1.05*10**-4; //deflecting Torque in kg-m
+
+//calculations
+x = Td/(W*L);
+//Td = W*L*sin(theta)
+theta = asin(x);
+theta1 = (theta*180)/(%pi);
+
+//result
+mprintf("deflection = %3.0f °",theta1);
diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3cba3b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 4 example 3
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable decalartion
+Smax = 3.0*10^6; //maximum stress in kg/m**2
+E = 1.2*10^10; //young's modulus in kg/m**2
+w = 0.0006; //width of spring in m
+Td = 1.2*10^-4; //deflecting torque in kg-m
+d = 90; //deflection in degrees
+
+//calucaltions
+theta = %pi/(2); //deflection in radians
+//since T = ((E*W*(t*3))/(12*L))*theta
+//t^3/l = (12*Tc)/(E*W*theta)
+Tc = Td/(2); //controlling torque of each spring in kg-m
+//x = t**3/l
+x = (12*Tc)/((E*w*theta)); //equqation 1
+//y =l/t
+y = (E*theta)/(2*Smax); //equation 2
+//by multiplying equations 1 and 2 (x*y =t**2 =z)
+z = x*y;
+t = sqrt(z); //thickness of spring strip in mm
+l = y*t; //length on m
+
+//result
+mprintf("thickness of spring strip = %3.2f mm",(t*10^3));
+mprintf("\nlength in = %3.2f m",l);
diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f01e491a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 4 example 4
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+theta1 = 90; //deflection in °
+x = 0.5; //I2/I1
+
+//calculations
+//Td proprtional to I
+//theta proprtional to I
+theta2 = theta1*(x); //deflection for the current equal to the half of the current in spring controlled instrument in °
+//Tc proprtional to sin(theta)
+//sin(theta) proprtional to I
+y = sin((%pi/(2)))
+theta21 = asin(x*y); //deflection for the current equal to the half of the current in gravity controlled instrument in °
+theta22 = (theta21*180)/(%pi);
+
+//result
+mprintf("deflection for the current equal to the half of the current in spring controlled instrument = %3.2f °",theta2);
+mprintf("\ndeflection for the current equal to the half of the current in gravity controlled instrument = %3.2f °",theta22);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a83c3e258 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 4 example 5
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable decelaration
+theta1 = 90; //deflection in °
+I1 = 10;
+I2 =5;
+
+//calculations
+//Td proprtional to I^2
+//Theta proprtional to I^2
+theta2 = theta1*((I2/(I1))^2); //deflection for I1 A spring controlled instrument in °
+//Tc proprtional to sin(theta)
+//sin(theta) proprtional to I**2
+
+x = (I2/((I1)))
+theta21 = asin(x**2)*(sin(%pi/(2))); //deflection for I1 A Gravity controlled instrument in °
+theta22 = (theta21*180)/(%pi);
+
+//result
+mprintf("deflection for I1 A spring controlled instrument = %3.2f °",theta2);
+mprintf("\ndeflection for I1 A Gravity controlled instrument = %3.1f °",theta22);
diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22896cc90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 4 example 6
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//Variable declaration
+I1 = 10; //current in A
+theta1 = 60; //deflection in °
+theta2 = 40; //deflection in °
+
+
+//calculations
+I2 = (I1)*(theta2/(theta1)); //current in case spring controlled ammeter in A
+x = sin(((theta2*%pi)/(180)));
+y = sin((theta1*%pi)/(180));
+I21 = (I1)*(x/y); //current in case gravity controlled ammeter in A
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("current in case spring controlled ammeter = %3.2f A",I2);
+mprintf("\ncurrent in case gravity controlled ammeter = %3.2f A",I21);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..177295b7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 4 example 7
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+Td = 1.13*10^-3; //defelecting torque in Nm
+m = 5*10^-3; //weight in kg
+g = 9.81; //gravity
+theta = 60; //deflection in °
+
+//calculations
+d = Td/(m*g*sin(((theta*%pi)/(180)))); //distance of the controlling weight from spindle in mm
+
+//result
+mprintf("distance of the controlling weight from spindle = %3.1f mm",(d*10^3));
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b65775617 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 1
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+K = 24*10^-6; //spring constant in Nm/radian
+I = 5; //current in A
+
+//calculations
+//L = 20+10*theta - 2*(theta^2)
+//partial differentiate w.r.t to theta
+//dL/dtheta = x = 10- 4*theta
+//dL/dtheta = 2*K*theta/(I^2)
+//x = 10-4*theta
+//y = theta/x
+y = ((I^2)/(2*K))*10^-6;
+theta = (10*y)/(1+(4*y)); //defelction for current in radians
+theta1 = ((theta*180)/(%pi));
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("deflection = %3.1f °',theta1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8ee25f32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 400; //resistance in Ω
+V = 150; //voltmeter reading in V
+I = 0.05; //current in A
+alphac = 0.004; //temperature coefficient of copper
+alphas = 0.00001; //temperature coefficient of eureka
+f = 100; //frequency in Hz
+L = 0.75; //inductance in H
+
+
+//calculations
+//R1 = R+r;
+R1 = V/(I); //total reistance in Ω
+r = R1-R; //swamping resistancein Ω
+R11 = (R*(1+alphac))+(r*(1+alphas)); //total resistance for 1° C rise in temperature in Ω
+e = ((R11-R1)/(R1))*100; //percentage rise in resistance per degree rise in temperature
+W = 2*%pi*f*L; //inductive reactance in Ω
+Z = sqrt((R1^2)+(W^2)); //impedance in Ω
+v = V*(R1/(Z)); //reading indicated on 100 Hz in V
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("R1 =%3.0f",W);
+mprintf("percentage rise in resistance per degree rise in temperature = %3.4f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nreading indicated on 100 Hz= %3.1f V",v);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b47481e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 11
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 300; //voltage in V
+R = 12000; //coil resistance in Ω
+B = 6*10^-2; //flux density in Wb/m**2
+l = 0.04; //length in m
+r = 0.03; //width in m
+N = 100;
+Tc = 25*10^-7; //torque in Nm per degree
+
+//calculations
+i = V/(R); //current in A
+Td = N*B*i*l*r; //deflecting Torque in Nm
+//Tc=Td;
+//Tc =(25*10^-7)*theta
+theta = Td/(Tc); //defelction in °
+
+//result
+mprintf('defelction = %3.0f °",theta);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7b933ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 12
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 0.1; //voltage in V
+R = 200; //coil resistance in Ω
+B = 0.2; //flux density in Wb/m^2
+l = 0.03; //length in m
+r = 0.025; //width in m
+N = 100;
+Tc = 25*10^-7; //torque in Nm per degree
+theta = 100; //deflaction in °
+p = 1.7*10^-8; //specific resistance of coil in Ω-m
+d = 30;
+d1 = 25;
+
+
+//calculations
+i = V/(R); //current in A
+Td = N*B*i*l*r; //deflecting Torque in Nm
+K = Td/(theta); //control constant of spring in N-m
+l = (d+d1)*2*100*10^-3; //length of copper coil in m
+R1 = (R*20)/(100);
+a = (p*l)/(R1); //area of x-section of copper wire inm^2
+D = sqrt((4*a)/(%pi)); //diameter of wire in mm
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("diameter fo wire = %3.3f mm",(D*10^3));
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7d9e3799 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 13
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 50*10^-3; //voltage in V
+I1 = 5; //current in A
+I2 = 10; //current in A
+v1 =4;
+v2 =4.2;
+
+//calculations
+//v1 = (r+R1)*I1
+//v1 = (r+R1)*I2
+//since potential difference is same in both cases
+//v1= v2
+R1 = V1/(I1);
+R2 = V1/(I2);
+r = ((v2*R2)-(v1*R1))/(v1-v2);
+v = (r+R1)*v1; //potential difference in V
+I = v/(r); //current when neither meter in the circuit in A
+
+//result
+mprintf("current when neither meter in the circuit = %3.2f A",I);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca30e2483 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 14
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 250; //voltage in V
+RA = 100; //resistance in Ω
+RB = 400; //resistance in Ω
+x = 0.005; //error in measuring voltage in
+
+
+//calculations
+I = V/(RA+RB); //current flowing through resistance in A
+VB = I*RB; //potential drop acreoss resitance in V
+//Req = RA+((r*RB)/(r+RB))
+//Ieq =V/Req = V/ RA+((r*RB)/(r+RB))
+//Ieq = (V*(r+RB))/((RA*(r+RB))+(r*RB))
+//V1 = Ieq*(r*RB)/(r+RB)
+// V1 = (V*(r+RB))*(r*RB))/((r+RB)*((RA*(r+RB))+(r*RB)))
+//V1 = (V*r*RB)/((r+RB)*((RA*(r+RB))+(r*RB)))
+//V1 = (200*r)/(80+r)
+V1 = VB*(1-x); //voltage measured with 0.5% error
+r = (V1*80)/(200-V1); //solving equations we get minimum resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("minimum resistance = %3.2f Ω",r);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5d5172e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 15
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decalartaion
+C = 1*10**-7; //spring torsion constant in N-m/degree
+I = 10; //current in A
+theta = 110; //full-deflection in °
+L1 = 2*10**-6; //initial inductance in uH
+
+//calculations
+Td =C*theta; //full-scale deflceting torque in N-m
+//dM/dtheta =x
+x = Td/(I^2);
+theta1 = ((theta*%pi)/(180)); //converstion of radians to degrees
+dM = x*theta1; //change in inductance in uH
+M = L1+dM; //total inductance in uH
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("total inductance = %3.3f uH",(M*10^6));
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a9867903 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 16
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+theta = 90; //full-deflection in °
+Td = 0.4*10^-4; //full-scale deflecting torque in Nm
+I = 0.05; //current in A
+M = 0.25; //initial inductance in H
+V = 50; //voltage in V
+I = 0.05; //current in A
+f =50; //frequency in Hz
+V2 = 25;
+R = 1000;
+
+
+//calculations
+//dM/dtheta = x
+x = (Td/(I^2)); //change in inductance in H
+dM = (Td/(I^2))*((theta*%pi)/(180)); //change in inductance in H
+M1 = M+dM; //total mutual inductance in H
+R = V/(I); //the resistance of voltmeter in Ω
+Z =sqrt((R**2)+((2*%pi*f*M1)**2)); //toatal impedance in Ω
+V1 = (V/(Z))*R; //voltmeter reading in V
+d = V-V1; //difference in reading in V
+I1 = V2/(R); //current through instrument in A
+theta1 = ((theta*%pi)/(180))*((I1/(I))^2); //defelction
+M2 = M+(x*theta1); //total mutual inductance in H
+Z1 = sqrt((R**2)+((2*%pi*f*M2)**2)); //toatal impedance in Ω
+V21 = (V2*R)/(Z1); //voltmeter reading in V
+d1 = V2-V21; //difference in voltmeter reading in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("impedancewhile measuring the voltage = %3.3f Ω",Z1);
+mprintf("\ndifference in reading = %3.1f V",d);
+mprintf("\ndifference in reading when 25v is used = %3.2f V",d1);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff796d7be --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 17
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+theta1 = 90; //defelction in °
+theta2 = 360; //defelction in °
+theta3 = 180; //defelction in °
+I1 = 30; //current in A
+I4 = 25; //current in A
+
+//T is proportional to I**2
+//T is proportional to theta
+//theta is proportional to math.sqrt (I)
+//calculations
+I2 = I1*sqrt((theta2/(theta1))); //current corresponding to deflection of 360 °
+I3 = I1*sqrt((theta3/(theta1))); //current corresponding to deflection of 180 °
+theta4 = theta1*((I4/I1)^2); //defelction corresponding tocurrent of 25 A
+
+//result
+mprintf("current corresponding to deflection of 360 ° = %3.2f A",I2);
+mprintf("\ncurrent corresponding to deflection of 180 ° = %3.2f A",I3);
+mprintf("\ndefelction corresponding tocurrent of 25 A = %3.2f °",theta4);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96122312f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=============================================================
+//Chapter 5 example 18
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+p = 80;
+q = 60
+
+//i = 80-60*sqrt(2)*sin(theta+%pi/6)
+//i^2 = x = (80)^2)-((2*80*60*sqrt*sin(theta+(%pi/6))0^2)+((80^2)*(sin(theta+(%pi/6))^2))
+//x =a-b*(sin(theta+(%pi/6))^2)+(c)*(sin(theta+(%pi/6))^2)
+//x = (80)^2)-((2*80*60*sqrt*sin(theta+(%pi/6))0^2)+(((80^2)/2)*(1-(cos(theta+(%pi/6))^2))
+//x = a-(b*sin(theta+(%pi/6)))+(c/2)-cos(theta+((pi/6)^2))
+ a = p^2;
+ b =(2*(q^2)*(sqrt(2)));
+ c = (q*sqrt(2))^2;
+ //x = (1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x*dtheta))}(0-2*%pi)
+ //applying integration
+ y =(a+(c/2));
+ x = (1/%pi)*y*(%pi); //Irms^2
+ Irms =sqrt(x); //reading in A
+
+
+ //result
+ mprintf("electrodynamometer instrument indicates the rms value of the current therefore the dreading will be equla ")
+ mprintf("Irms = %3.2f A",Irms);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b81b35f24 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 19
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+L = 150; //length of working wire at room temperature in mm
+alpha = 16*10^-6; //coefficient of linear expansion
+T = 85; //temperature in ° C
+Si =1; //initial sag in mm
+//calculations
+dL = alpha*L*T; //increase in length of the wire when gets heated through 85 ° C in mm
+M = sqrt(L/(2*dL)); //magnification with no intial sag
+S = sqrt((L*dL)/(2)); //Sag in mm
+Sn = S-Si; //net increase in Sag in mm
+M1 = Sn/(dL); //magnification with initial Sag of 1 mm
+
+//result
+mprintf("magnification with no intial sag = %3.2f",M);
+mprintf("\nSag = %3.2f mm",S);
+mprintf("\nnet increase in Sag =%3.2f mm",Sn);
+mprintf("\nmagnification with initial Sag of 1 mm = %3.2f",M1);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be3b32475 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 2
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//Variable declaration
+I = 5; //current in A
+d = 30; //deflection
+I2 = 10;
+
+//calculations
+//L = 10+5*theta - 2*(theta^2) //inductancein uH
+//partial differentiate w.r.t to theta
+//dL/dtheta = x = 5- 4*theta
+//dL/dtheta = 2*K*theta/(I^2)
+//x = 10-4*theta
+theta = %pi/(6);
+K = (((5-(4*theta))*10^-6)*(I^2))/(2*theta) //spring constant in Nm/radian
+x = ((2*K)/(I2^2))*10^6;
+theta2 = (5)/(x+4);
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("spring constant = %3.4e Nm/radian",K);
+mprintf("\ndeflection for 10 A current = %3.3f radian",theta2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7d7f8f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 20
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+L = 170; //length of the wire in mm
+dL = 0.2; //increase in length in mm
+L1 =100; //length of the second wire in mm
+
+//calculations
+S = sqrt((L*dL)/(2)); //Sag in mm
+S1 = sqrt((L1*S)/(2)); //Sag in mm
+M = S1/(dL); //magnification
+
+//result
+mprintf("magnification = %3.1f",M);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57f4f44e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=============================================================
+//Chapter 5 example 21
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+I = 10; //current in A
+//e = (alpha*(dt))+(b(dt^2))= alpha*dt
+//dt = (K1*(I^2)*R)
+//theta = K2*e
+//theta = K2*e = K2*K1*alpha*dt = K2*K1*alpha*(I^2)*R
+//thetaF = K3*(I^2)
+//K3 = (thetaF)/(I^2);
+x = 1/(I^2);
+mprintf("K3 = %3.2f *thetaf",x);
+//K3 =thetaF*x
+mprintf("\ntheta = theatF/3");
+//I = sqrt((thetaF/3)*((K3)))
+//I = sqrt((thetaF/3)/K3)
+I =sqrt((1/3)*((1/x)))
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("\ncurrent = %3.2f A",I);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f2d0168d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 22
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+ Irms = 32; //measured reading reading in A
+ Ir = 30; //rectifier ammeter reading in A
+Ks = 1.11; //form factor for sinusoidal wave
+
+//calculations
+Iav = Ir/(Ks); //average value of current under measurement in A
+e = ((Irms)/(Iav)); //percentage errror in %
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("form factor = %3.3f ",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9231163c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 23
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+ Ir = 2.22; //measured reading reading in A
+Ks = 1.11; //form factor for sinusoidal wave
+
+//calculations
+Iav = Ir/(Ks); //average value of current under measurement in A
+Imax = 2*Iav; //peak value of current in A
+Irms = Imax/(sqrt(3)); //RMS value of current in
+e = ((Ir-Irms)/(Irms))*100; //percentage errror in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("peak value of current = %3.2f A",Imax);
+mprintf("\nRMS value of current = %3.3f A",Irms);
+mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.2f percentage(low)",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69c71a8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 24
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Iav = 40*10^-3; //average value of current in mA
+Ks = 1.11; //assuming form factor for sinusoidal wave
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+V = 10^5; //voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+Irms = Iav*Ks; //RMS value of current in A
+//Irms = V/Xc = 2*%pi*f*C*V
+C = Irms/(2*%pi*f*V); //capacitance to be connected in pF
+
+//result
+
+mprintf("capacitance to be connected = %3.0f pF",(C*10^12));
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00c4205d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 25
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Emax = 200; //emf of peak value in V
+R = 10; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+Imax = Emax/(R); //peak value of current in A
+Iav = (2*Imax)/(%pi); //reading of moving -coil ammeter in A
+Irms = Imax/(sqrt(2)); //reading of moving -iron ammeter in A
+
+//result
+mprintf("reading of moving -coil ammeter = %3.2f A",Iav);
+mprintf("\nreading of moving -iron ammeter = %3.2f A",Irms);
+mprintf("\nreading of hot-wire ammeter = %3.2f A",Irms);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7674d1771 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=============================================================
+//Chapter 5 example 26
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Vmax = 100; //maximum value of applied voltage in V
+R = 2; //resistance in Ω
+
+
+//calculations
+Imax = Vmax/R; //maximum value of current flowing through instruments in A
+mprintf("x = (Imax^2)*((sin(theta))^2)");
+//Irms = sqrt((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x*dtheta))}(0-%pi))
+Irms = sqrt(((Imax^2)/(2*%pi))*((%pi/2)));
+mprintf("\n y = (Imax*sin(theta))");
+//Iav = sqrt((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(y*dtheta))}(0-%pi)
+Iav = Imax/%pi;
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("\nthe hot-wire ammeter reads rms value = %3.2f A",Irms);
+mprintf("\nmoving coil ammeter reads average value = %3.2f A",Iav);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63e5bf63a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//=============================================================
+//Chapter 5 example 27
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+//V = (5*sin(theta))+(0.6*sin(3*theta))\
+
+a = 5;
+b = 0.6;
+rd = 35; //resistance in Ω
+ra = 30; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+R = (3*rd)+ra; //resitance in Ω
+//i = v/R
+//i = (5*sin(theta)/R)+(0.6*(sin(3*theta)/R))
+x1 = a/R;
+y1 =b/R;
+//i = (x1*sin(theta))+(y1*sin(3*theta))
+//Iav = ((1/%pi)*{(integral(i*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))
+//Iav = (1/%pi)*((0.5*sin(theta))-(0.006/3)*(cos(3*theta)))
+//solving above equation we get (1/%pi)*(1)
+p = (-0.05*((cos((180*%pi/180))-cos(0))))-((0.002*((cos(3*180*%pi/180))-cos(3*0))));
+z = (1/%pi)*p; //average value in mA
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("average value reading of PMMC ammeter = %3.1f mA",(z*10^3));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..408b88c76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +//=============================================================
+//Chapter 5 example 28
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 230; //RMS value of voltage applied in volts
+r1 = 115; //resistance in Ω
+r2 = 115; //resistance in Ω
+r3 = 575; //resistance in Ω
+
+
+
+//calculations
+Vmax =230*sqrt(2);
+R1 =r1+r2; //resiatance in one directions in Ω
+R2 =r2+r3; //resiatance in other directions in Ω
+Imax1 = Vmax/R1; //current(maximum value) in one direction in A
+Imax2 = Vmax/R2; //current(maximum value) in other direction in A
+//Iav = Iav1-Iav2
+//x = (Imax1*sin(theta))
+//Iav = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))
+//y = (Imax2*sin(theta))
+//Iav = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(y*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))
+z1 =-((cos(180*%pi/180))-cos(0))
+z2 = -((cos(180*%pi/180))-cos(0))
+A = ((Imax1*z1)-(Imax2*z2));
+Iav = A/(2*%pi);
+//x1 = (Imax1*sin(theta))^2
+//I1 = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x1*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))
+//y1 = (Imax2*sin(theta))^2
+//I2 = ((1/2*%pi)*({(integral((1-cos(2*theta))/2*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))-{(integral((1-cos(2*theta))/2*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))
+//Irms= I1+I2
+//Irms = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(y1*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))
+Z1 =-((cos(2*180*%pi/180))-cos(180*%pi/180));
+Z2 = -((cos(2*180*%pi/180))-cos(180*%pi/180));
+Irms1 = (((Imax1^2)/(2*2*%pi))*(%pi-0))+(((Imax2^2)/(2*2*%pi))*(%pi-0))-Z1+Z2
+Irms =sqrt(Irms1);
+P = (1/2)*(((V^2)/R1)+((V^2)/R2));
+Irms11 = 1;
+Irms22 = 1/3;
+Pd = (((Irms11^2)*r2)+((Irms22^2)*r3))/2;
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("Iav = %3.2f A",Irms1);
+mprintf("\npower taken from the mains = %3.2f",P);
+mprintf("\npower dissipated in rectifying device =%3.2f W",Pd);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76d4b1606 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=============================================================
+//Chapter 5 example 29
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 1000; //potential of vane in volts
+
+//calculations
+//v = VA-VB
+mprintf("theta 10 S D");
+mprintf("\ntheta praportional to Tt praportional to 2*V1*V")
+mprintf("\n10 praportional to 2 praportional to 1000");
+mprintf("\ndividing above expressions ")
+v = (10/25)*(2500/2000);
+
+//result
+mprintf("v = %3.2f volt",v);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e53bdfa7c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 3
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 500; //resistance in
+r = 2000; //non inductive resistance in
+V = 250; //voltage in V
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 1; //inductance in H
+
+
+//calculations
+x = (r+R)^2;
+W = (2*%pi*f*L)^2;
+Z =sqrt(x+W); //impedance of the instrument circuit
+I = V/(Z); //current drawn by instrument in A
+I2 = V/(R+r); //since voltmeter reads correctly on dc supply on 250 V,corresponding current in A
+V1 = V*(I/(I2)); //voltmeter reading when connected to 250V ,50Hz supply
+
+//result
+mprintf("voltmeter reading = %3.1d V",V1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9beade97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 30
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+d = 0.08; //diameter in m
+D = 0.004; //distance between plates in m
+F = 0.002; //force in Newton
+
+//calculations
+e0 = 8.85*10^-12; //permittivity in N
+A = (%pi/4)*(d^2); //area of the plates in m**2
+x = (F*2*(D^2))/(e0*A);
+V = sqrt(x); //potential diference in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("potential diference = %3.1f V",V);
+mprintf("\nNote:final answer in textbook is wrong printed")
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3daf51b9f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 31
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+d = 0.1; //diameter in m
+F = 0.005; //force in Newton
+V = 10000; //potential diference in V
+e0 = 8.85*10^-12; //permittivity in N
+d2 = 26.4*10^-3; //distance between plates in mm
+d1 = 25.4*10^-3; //distance between plates in mm
+
+//calculations
+
+A = (%pi/4)*(d^2); //area of the plates in m**2
+x = sqrt((e0*A)/(2*F));
+d2 = x*V; //distance between plates in mm
+//C = e0*A/d
+x1 = 1/d1;
+x2 = 1/d2;
+C = e0*A*(x1-x2); //change in capacitance in uF
+
+//result
+mprintf("change in capacitance due to change in distance between plates from 26.4 to 25.4 mm = %3.2f u uF",(C*10^12));
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f39316092 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 32
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+K = 0.0981*10^-6;
+theta = 80; //full scale of deflection in °
+V = 1000; //voltage in V
+C = 10*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+
+//calculations
+//x =dC/dtheta = (2*K*theta)/V^2
+x = (2*K*theta)/V^2; //rate of change of capacitance
+dC = x*(theta/180)*%pi;
+C1 = C+dC;
+
+//result
+mprintf("capacitance when reading 1kV = %3.3e F",C1);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cec96d0d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 33
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+//x = dC/d(theta)
+//Td = (1/2)*(V^2)*(dC/d(theta))
+x = 0.5*10^-12; //dC/d(theta) in pF/degree
+y = 1.5*10^-12; //dC/d(theta) in pF/degree
+T = 8*10^-6; //torison constant in Nm
+N1 =100;
+N2 =35;
+
+//calculations
+x1 = x*(180/%pi); //dC/d(theta) in pF/radian
+y1 = y*(180/%pi); //dC/d(theta) in pF/radian
+//Td = Tc = T*N*(%pi/180)
+Td = T*N1*(%pi/180); //deflecting torque in N-m
+V1 = sqrt((2*Td)/x1); //voltage required in V
+Td1 = T*N2*(%pi/180); //deflecting torque in N-m
+V2 = sqrt((2*Td1)/y1); //voltage required in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("voltage deflection at 100 = %3.0f V",V1);
+mprintf("\nvoltage deflection at 100 = %3.0f V",V2);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31c29cd5f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 34
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+e0 =8.854*10^-12;
+d =0.05;
+er = 1;
+a = 0.25;
+V1 = 12000; //voltage in V
+V2 = 32000; //voltage in V
+
+
+//calculations
+//x-x0 = (1/2)*((V^2)/k)*(dc/dx)
+//C =(2*e0*er*A)/d
+//dC =(2*e0*er*a*x)/d
+// y = dC/dx = (2*e0*er*a)/d
+y = (2*e0*er*a)/d;
+X1 = 0.25/4;
+// A =x1+x01 = (1/2)*((V1^2)/k)*(dc/dx)
+X2 = 0.25/2;
+//B = x2+x01 = (1/2)*((V2^2)/k)*(dc/dx)
+//C = B/A =(V2/V1)^2
+C = (V2/V1)^2;
+x01 = (X2-(C*X1))/(1-C);
+k = ((1/2)*((V1^2))*(y))/(X1-x01);
+X3 = (3/4)*0.25;
+V = sqrt(((X3-x01)*2*k)/y); //voltage in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("voltage required to pull the plate three quarte way in = %3.3f KV",(V*10^-3));
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24af63b2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 35
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+e = 8.85*10^-12;
+V = 10000; //voltage in V
+r = 40*10^-3; //radius in m
+
+//calcaulations
+d = (4/2)*10^-3; //voltage in V
+theta = (100)*(%pi/180);
+k = (2.5*e*(r^2)*(V^2))/(d*theta);
+
+//result
+mprintf("spring constant = %3.3e Nm per radian",k);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b307de90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 36
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+theta1 = 105; //deflection in °
+I1 = 20; //current in A
+I2 = 20; //current in A
+f1 = 50; //frequency in Hz
+f2 = 75; //frequency in Hz
+
+
+//calculations
+theta = (theta1)*((I2/I1)^2)*(f2/f1);
+
+//result
+mprintf("deflection of the instrument while measuring 20 A = %3.1f °",theta);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..795c1454b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 37
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 240; //voltage in V
+theta1 = 300; // defelection in °
+theta2 = 180; // defelection in °
+
+//calculations
+//T praportional to V^2/Z)*(f*cos(alpha)*(sin(beta)))
+//T praportional V^2
+//theta praportional to V^2
+V2 = V1*sqrt(theta2/theta1);
+
+//result
+mprintf("voltage for deflection of 180° =%3.0f° ",V2);
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9653f766d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 4
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Vac = 500; //voltage in V
+Iac = 0.1; //current in A
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 0.8; //inductance in H
+Vdc = 300; //voltage in V
+Z =5000;
+
+//calculations
+W = 2*(%pi)*f*L;
+R = (sqrt((Z^2)-(W^2))); //resistance in Ω
+Idc = Vdc/(R); //instrument current in A
+V = (Vac/(Iac))*(Idc); //Reading of instrument when connected to 300V in V
+
+//result
+mprintf("Reading of instrument when connected to 300V = %3.1f V",V);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8103c1ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//========================================================
+//chapter 5 example 5
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decalaration
+Iac = 0.1; //current in A
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 0.8; //inductance in H
+Vac = 300; //voltage in V
+V = 200; //true value in V
+
+//calculations
+XL = 2*%pi*f*L; //instrument reactance in Ω
+Z = Vac/(Iac); //instrument impedance in Ω
+R1 = sqrt((Z^2)-(XL^2)); //instrument resistance(R+r) in Ω
+Idc = V/(R1); //instrument current when connected to 200V dc supply
+V1 = (Idc*Vac)/(Iac); //reading of the instrument when connected to 200V dc supply
+e = ((V1-V)/(V))*100;
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aad9838c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//=============================================================
+//Chapter 5 example 6
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 50; //resistance of the magnetic coil in Ω
+Rt = 500; //resistance in Ω
+L = 0.09; //inductance of the voltmeter in H
+f = 50;
+I = 1;
+
+
+//calculations
+r = Rt-R; //swamping resistance in Ω
+X = (2*%pi*f*r)^2;
+Y = L*x;
+Y1 = I*L;
+//L = C*r^2/(I+w^2*C^2*r^2)
+//C*r^2 = L*I+L*w^2*C^2*r^2
+//C*r^2 =y1+x*(C^2)
+//x*(C^2)-C*r^2+y1;
+a = X;
+b = -r^2;
+c = Y1;
+x = (-b-sqrt((b^2)-(4*a*c)))/(2*a); //we consider the positive value
+
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("swamping resistance = %3.2e",x);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2885ed6d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//==========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 7
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 50; //resistance of the magnetic coil in Ω
+Rt = 500; //resistance in Ω
+L = 0.09; //inductance of the voltmeter in H
+
+//calculations
+r =Rt-R;
+C = (L/(r^2)); //capacitance to be placed in u F
+
+//result
+mprintf("capacitance to be placed to make the instrument read correctly bot dc as well as ac = %3.3fe uF",(C*10^6));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06cf9acfc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 8
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable decalaration
+Td = 4*10^-5; //full-scale defelcting torque in N-m
+I = 10; //full-scale current in A
+
+//calculations
+//Td = (1/2)*(I^2)*(dL/dtheta);
+//dL/dtheta = x
+x = (2*Td)/(I^2);
+
+//result
+mprintf('rate of change of selfinductance = %3.1f uH/rad",(x*10^6));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5fa635988 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 5 example 9
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+//dL/dtheta = x
+y = 2.3*10^-6;
+Td1 = 5*10**-7;
+t = 52;
+
+//calculations
+x = y*(180/%pi);
+Td = Td1*t;
+//Td = (1/2)*(I**2)*(dL/dtheta);
+I = sqrt((Td*2)/(x)); //current in A
+
+//result
+mprintf("current = %3.2f A",I);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c952ce3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 1
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Im = 50*10^-6; //full scale deflection current in A
+Rm = 1000; //instrument resistance in Ω
+I = 1; //total current to be measured in A
+
+//calculations
+Rs = (Rm/((I/(Im))-1)); //resistance of ammeter in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of ammeter shunt required Rs = %3.7f Ω",Rs);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..301e16ada --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+alpha0 = 0.0043;
+t1 = 25; //temperature in °C
+t2 = 45; //temperature in °C
+e = 1.1; //percentage error in %
+
+//calculations
+R1 = ((1+(alpha0*t2))/(1+(alpha0*t2)));
+//r1 = R1*r
+//I2 = V/r1+R
+//e = (I1-I2)/100
+//I2 = 0.989I1
+//I2 = V/1.0776r+R
+//I1 = V/R+r
+//V/(1.0776r+R) = 0.989V/R+r
+//R/r = 5.96
+x = 5.96;
+
+//result
+mprintf("R/r= %3.2f",x);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7185446c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm1 = 1000; //resistance of ammeter of A1 in Ω
+Rs1 = 0.05; //resistance of shunt connected across ammeter A1 in Ω
+Rm2 = 1500; //resistance of ammeter of A2 in Ω
+Rs2 = 0.02; //resistance of shunt connected across ammeter A2 in Ω
+I =10; //current in A
+
+//calculations
+//in normal connecetion
+I1 = (Rs1/(Rs1+Rm1))*I; //current through in A
+I2 = (Rs2/(Rs2+Rm2))*I; //current through in A
+//when shunts are interchanged
+I11 = (Rs2/(Rs2+Rm1))*I; //current through in A
+I12 = (Rs1/(Rs1+Rm2))*I; //current through in A
+A1 = (I11/(I1))*I; //current through ammeter in A
+A2 = (I12/(I2))*I; //current through ammeter in A
+
+//calculations
+
+mprintf("reading of ammeter A1 = %3.0d A",A1)
+mprintf("\nreading of ammeter A2 = %3.0f A",A2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b79b80f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 12
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rv = 2400; //resistance in Ω
+L =0.6; //instrument inductace in H
+f = 60; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+XL = 2*%pi*f*L; //instrument reactance in Ω
+Z = sqrt((Rv^2)+(XL^2)); //instrument impedance in Ω
+//when the instrument range is extended from 120V to 600V the impedance will have to be made 5 times in order to have the same current
+//math.sqrt((RV**2)+XL^2) = 5*Z
+x = (5*Z)^2;
+y = XL^2;
+z = x-y;
+a = (sqrt(z));
+R = a-Rv; //series resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("instrument reactance = %3.1f Ω",XL);
+mprintf("\nseries resistance = %3.2f Ω",R);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b37087a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 13
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Cv = 70*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+V =10000; //electrostatic measurement in V
+Vv = 100; //reading in V
+
+//calculations
+Vc = V-Vv; //voltage across series capacitor in V
+//since the capacitors are connected in series ,te charge on each is same
+//Vv*Cv = Vc*C
+C = (Vv*Cv)/(Vc); //capacitance in uuF
+
+//result
+mprintf("capacitance of the condenser = %3.4f uuF ",(C*10^12));
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44f02a118 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 14
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm =40; //resistance in Ω
+Im = 1; //current in mA
+I1 = 10; //current in mA
+I2 = 20; //current in mA
+I3 = 30; //current in mA
+I4 = 40; //current in mA
+I5 = 50; //current in mA
+
+//calculations
+R1 = Rm/(((I1/(Im)))-1);
+R2 = (R1+Rm)/(((I2/(Im))));
+R3 = (R1+Rm)/(((I3/(Im))));
+R4 = (R1+Rm)/(((I4/(Im))));
+R5 = (R1+Rm)/(((I5/(Im))));
+r1 = R1-R2; //resistance in Ω
+r2 = R2-R3; //resistance in Ω
+r3 = R3-R4; //resistance in Ω
+r4 = R4-R5; //resistance in Ω
+r5 = R5; //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of various section of the ayrtons shunt are = %3.4f Ω , %3.4f Ω , %3.4f Ω, %3.4f Ω, %3.4f Ω ",r1,r2,r3,r4,r5);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea9c1d7a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 15
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Si = 0.1*10^-3; //current sensitivity in mA
+Rm = 500; //meter resistance in Ω
+V1 = 10; //full -scale voltage in V
+V2 =50; //volage range in V
+V3 =100; //volage range in V
+V4 =500; //volage range in V
+
+//calculations
+Sv = (1/(Si))*10^-3; //voltage sensitivity in Ω/V
+Rm1 =500*10**-3; //Rm in kΩ
+RT1 = Sv*V1; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R1 = RT1-Rm1; //additional resistance in kΩ
+RT2 = Sv*V2; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R2 = RT2-Rm1-R1; //additional resistance in kΩ
+RT3 = Sv*V3; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R3 = RT3-Rm1-R2-R1; //additional resistance in kΩ
+RT4 = Sv*V4; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R4 = RT4-Rm1-R1-R2-R3; //additional resistance in kΩ
+
+//result
+mprintf("additional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R1);
+mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R2);
+mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R3);
+mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R4);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b36d3eec7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example16
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Tp = 1; //numberof turns on primary
+Ts = 200; //numberof turns on secondary
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Zs = 1; // secondary burden in Ω
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+a = 0.0011; //cross sectional area of core in m**2
+S = 0.91; //stamping faactor
+KT =200; //turns ratio
+M =80; //ampere turns
+Vs =5; //voltage
+
+//calculations
+Vs = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in V
+phimax = Vs/(4.44*f*Ts); //flux in the core in mWb
+A = a*S; //net crss sectional area in m**2
+Bmax = phimax/(A); //flux density in the core in T
+Im = M/(Tp); //magnetising current in A
+Ip = sqrt(((KT*Is)^2)+(Im**2)); //primary current in A
+Ir = Ip/(Is); //current ratio
+b = ((180/(%pi))*(Im/(KT*Is))); //phase angle in °(degrees)
+
+//result
+mprintf("flux density in the core = %3.4f T",Bmax);
+mprintf("\ncurrent ratio = %3.2f",Ir);
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..007efa6d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 17
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary
+KT = 200; //turns ratio
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Rs = 1.5; //secondary burden in Ω
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L =1.5; //iron loss in Watts
+Ie = 40; //current in A
+
+//calculaations
+Ts = KT*Tp; //number of turns in secondary
+Vs = Is*Rs; //secondary voltage in V
+phimax = Vs/(4.44*f*Ts); //flux inn the core in mWb
+Il = L/(Vs); //iron-loss in the secondary side in A
+Ip = KT*Il; //iron-loss current in primary side in A
+x =(KT*Is)+Ie;
+e = ((-Ie/((x))))*100; //ratio error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("flux in the core = %3.3e percentage mWb",(phimax*10^3));
+mprintf("\nratio error = %3.4f percentage",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dac1f964 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 18
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declraration
+Ts = 300; //number of turns in secondary winding
+Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary winding
+Is =5; //current in A
+Zs =(1.5)+(%i*1) //secondary impedance Ω
+MMF = 100;
+Pi = 1.2; //iron loss in watts
+KN = 300; //turn ratio
+
+
+//calculations
+KT =Ts/Tp; //turn ratio
+Es = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in volts
+Es1 = sqrt(((real(Es))^2)+((imag(Es))^2));
+Im =MMF/Tp; //magnetising current in A
+E = Pi/Es1; //energy compnent of exciting current on secondary side in A
+Ie = KT*E; //energy compnent of exciting current on primary side in A
+I0 = Im+%i*Ie; //exciting current on primary side in A
+I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2));
+alpha = atan(Ie/Im);
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi;
+theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs));
+theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi;
+KC = KT+((I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Is); //actual current ratio
+e = ((KN-KC)/KC)*100; //percentage ratio error in %
+b = (I01*cos((((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180)))/(KT*Is); //phase angle in radians
+b1 = b*(180/%pi);
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage ratio error =%3.2f percentage ",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",b1);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f63da90ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 19
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declraration
+Ts = 200; //number of turns in secondary winding
+Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary winding
+Is = 5; //current in A
+Zs = (1.2+0.2)+(%i*(0.5+0.3)); //secondary impedance Ω
+MMF = 100;
+Pi = 1.2; //iron loss in watts
+Ie = 50; //energy component of eddy current in A
+
+
+
+//calculations
+KT =Ts/Tp //turn ratio
+//Es = Is*Zs //secondary voltage in volts
+Im =MMF/Tp //magnetising current in A
+I0 = Im+%i*Ie //exciting current on primary side in A
+I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2))
+alpha = atan(Ie/Im)
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi
+
+theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs))
+theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi
+Ip = (KT*Is)+(I01*sin(theta+alpha)) //primary current in A
+e = ((-I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Ip)*100 //ratio error
+N = (I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Is //number of secondary turns to be reduced
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.1f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nnumber of secondary turns to be reduced = %3.0f ",N);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff969b20e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 2
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 1; //instrument resistance in Ω
+Rse = 4999; //series resistance in Ω
+V = 250; //full-scale deflection voltage in V
+Rs = 4999; //Shunt resistance in Ω(Rs =1/(499))
+I1 = 50; //full-scale defelction current in A
+
+//calculations
+Rs1 = 1/(Rs);
+Im = V/(Rm+Rse); //full-scale deflection current in A
+I = Im*(1+(Rm/Rs1)); //current in A
+N = I1/(Im);
+Rsh = Rm/(N-1); //shunt resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("full-scale defelction current in Im = %3.2f A",Im);
+mprintf("\ncurrent range of instrument when used as an ammeter with coil connected across shunt is I = %3.2f A",I);
+mprintf("\nShunt resistance for the instrument to give a full-scale deflection of 50A is Rsh = %3.4f Ω",Rsh);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..241d21cbc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 20
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declraration
+Ts = 300; //number of turns in secondary winding
+Tp = 3; //number of turns in primary winding
+Is = 5; //current in A
+Zs = (0.583)+%i*(0.25); //secondary impedance Ω
+n1 =10;
+n2 =5;
+
+//calculations
+KT =Ts/Tp; //turn ratio
+Es = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in volts
+Nm = n1*Es; //total magnetising amp-turns
+Ni =n2*Es; //total iron loss amp-turns
+Im =Nm/Tp; //magnetising componenet of exciting current in A
+Ie = Ni/Tp; //
+I0 = Im+%i*Ie; //exciting current on primary side in A
+I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2))
+alpha = atan(Ie/Im); //energy component of exciting current in A
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi
+theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs));
+theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi
+x = sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180)
+Ip = (KT*Is)+(I01*x); //primary current in A
+y = cos(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180);
+b =(180/%pi)*((I01*y)/(KT*Is)); //phase angle
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("primary current = %3f. A",y);
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.3f ",b);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2ab474e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 21
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 25; //rate burden in VA
+Is = 5; //current in A
+r = 6; //Rs/Es ratio of resistance to reactance
+IL = 0.2; //iron loss in W
+Im = 1.5; //magnetising compnent of current in A
+
+
+//calculations
+KT = 100/5; //turn ratio
+Es = R/Is; // Secondary rated voltage in V
+Zs = Es/Is; //total secondary impedance in Ω
+theta = (atan(1/r))*180/%pi; //angle in °
+Zs1 = (Zs*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Zs*sin(theta*%pi/180))*%i;
+Ie = KT*0.04; //energy component of exciting current on primary side
+r = (((Im*sin(theta*%pi/180))+(Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180)))/((KT*Is)+(Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Im*sin(theta*%pi/180))))*100; //percentage ratio error in %
+beta = (180/%pi)*(((Im*cos(theta*%pi/180))-(Ie*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/(KT*Is)); //phase angle erro in °
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage ratio error = -%3.1f percentage",r);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.4f °",beta);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3795dce56 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 22
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+r = 12.5; //rate burden in VA
+Is = 5' //secondary rated curret in A
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 0.96*10^-3;
+Im = 16; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+Ie = 12; //energy component of exciting current in A
+Is = 5; //secondary rated current in A
+
+
+//calculations
+KN = 1000/5; ///nominal ration
+KT = 196/1; //turn ratio
+Es = r/Is; //secondary rated voltage in V
+Zs = Es/Is; //secondary impedance in Ω
+Xs = 2*%pi*f*L; //secondary reactance in Ω
+theta = (asin(Xs/Zs))*180/%pi; //secondary circuit phase angle in °
+KC = KT+(((Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Im*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/Is);
+e = ((KN-KC)/KC)*100; //ratio error
+beta = (180/%pi)*(((Im*cos(theta*%pi/180))-(Ie*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/(KT*Is)); //phase angle erro in °
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.2f percentage ",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2f °",beta);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e562b68d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 23
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 8; //turn ratio
+Ie = 0; //current in A
+I0 = 0.08;
+R1 = 1.5; //resistance in Ω
+R2 = 0.4; //resistance in Ω
+L1 =60*10^-3; //inductance in H
+L2 =0.7*10^-3; //inductance in H
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+phi = 0; //angle in °
+
+//calculations
+Im = 0.01*KT; //Im = 1% of primary current = 0.01*Ip = 0.01*KT*Is
+alpha =atan(Ie/Im); //phase angle in radians
+R = R1+R2; //resistance of burden Ω
+L = L1+L2; //inductance in H
+theta = (atan((2*%pi*f*L)/R)*%pi/180); //phase angle in °
+KC = KT+((I0*sin(theta+alpha))/Is);
+KC = KT+((0.08*Is*sin(theta+alpha))/Is);
+KC = KT+(0.08*sin(theta+alpha)); //actual current ratio
+b = (I0*cos(theta+phi))/(KT*Is);
+
+//result
+mprintf("actual current ratio = %3.1f ",KC);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2d ",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a02c192fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 24
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 201; //turn ration
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+Ie = 3; //cross-loss component of exciting current in A
+delta =0;
+
+//calculations
+Kn = 1000/5; //nominal ratio
+alpha =atan(Ie/Im); //angle in °
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi;
+theta = delta-(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi); //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z = cos((theta*%pi)/180);
+z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180);
+Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Is); //actual current in A
+e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100;//ratio error
+b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is));
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.3f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.3f °",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44422862b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 25
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 201; //turn ration
+Ie = 3; //cross loss current in A
+Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+delta =0;
+
+//calculations
+
+theta = delta+(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi); //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z = cos((theta*%pi)/180);
+z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180);
+Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Is); //actual current in A
+e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100; //ratio error
+b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is));
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.3f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.4f °",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d15d7ff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 26
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 199; //turn ration
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+Ie = 4; //cross-loss component of exciting current in A
+delta =0;
+
+//calculations
+KN = 1000/5 //nominal ratio
+alpha =atan(Ie/Im) //angle in °
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi
+theta = delta+(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi) //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z = cos((theta*%pi)/180)
+z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180)
+Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Ie) //actual current in A
+e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100 //ratio error
+b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is))
+theta1 = delta-(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi) //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z11 = cos((theta1*%pi)/180)
+z12 = sin(((theta1*%pi)/180))
+Kc1 = KT+(((Ie*z11)+(Im*z12))/Is) //actual current in A
+e1 = ((Kn-Kc1)/Kc1)*100 //ratio error
+b1 =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z11)-(Ie*z12))/(KT*Is))
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.2f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.1f °",b);
+mprintf("\nratio error = %3.2f percentage",e1);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2f percentage°",b1);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82d173d3c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 27
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 198; //turn ratio
+e =0; //ratio error
+Is = 5; // secondary current in A
+P = 5; //load in VA
+Rs = 0.02; //resistance in Ω
+KN = 200; //KN=KC since e=0
+KC = 200;
+
+//calculations
+V2 = P/Is; //secondary voltage in V
+Es = V2+(Is*Rs); //secondary induced emf in V
+Ep = Es/KT; //primary induced emf
+Ie = (KC-KT)*Is; //eddy current loss in A
+IL = Ep*Ie; //iron loss in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("iron loss = %3.3f mW",(IL*10^3));
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e82e9cf3b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 28
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Vs = 100+0*%i; //secondary terminal voltage in V
+Rp = 97.5; //primary resistance in Ω
+Xp = 67.4; //primary reactance in Ω
+X1 = 110; // total equivalent reactance in Ω
+K =1000/100;
+
+
+
+//calculations
+//Es = Vs+(Is*(Rs+Xs*%i);
+Es = Vs;
+Ep = 10*(100+0*%i); //induced emf in primary winding in V
+I0 = 0.02*(0.4-0.9165*%i); //no load current in A
+Zp = Rp+Xp*%i;
+Vd = I0*Zp;
+Vp = Ep+Vd;
+beta = (atan((imag(Vp))/real(Vp)))*180/%pi; //phase angle between primary and secondary voltage in °
+Xs1 = X1-Xp; //reactance of secondary winding in Ω
+//Es = Vs+(Is*Zs); //induced emf in secondary winding
+//IP = (Is/10)+I0;
+//V = Ip*Zp = (IS/10)+0.008-0.01833*i
+//V = (9.75*Is)+2.015)-((1.2478-6.74*Is)*%i).....equation 1
+//Vp = K*(ES+IP*ZP)
+//VP =(1002.015+18.35*%i)-(1.2478-11*Is)*%i....equation 2
+//comparing equation 1 and 2 we get
+//1.2478-11*Is =0;
+Is = 1.2478/11; //secondary current in A
+v = Vs*Is;
+
+//result
+mprintf("phase angle between primary and secondary voltage = %3.2f ° lagging",beta);
+mprintf("\nvolt ampere rating for zero phase angle = %3.2f",v);
+mprintf("\nnote:Is values is taken as 0.114 wchich is approximate when answer is 0.1134");
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef0c21455 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 29
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Vs = 63+0*%i; //secondary terminal voltage in V
+Zs1 = 2+1*%i; //equivalent mpedance referred to prmary in Ω
+Zb = 100+200*%i; //secondary burden in Ω
+KN =60.5;
+
+
+
+//calculations
+KT = 3810/63; //turn ratio
+Ep = KT*Vs; //primary induced emf in V
+Zp1 = (KT^2)*Zs1; //equivalent impedance
+Zs12 = sqrt(((real(Zp1))^2)+((imag(Zp1))^2));
+Is = Vs/Zb; //secondary current in A
+Is1 = sqrt(((real(Is))^2)+((imag(Is))^2));
+Ip = Is/KT; //primary current in A
+Ip1 = sqrt(((real(Ip))^2)+((imag(Ip))^2));
+Vp = Ep+(Ip*Zp1); //applied voltage to primary in V
+Vp1 = sqrt(((real(Vp))^2)+((imag(Vp))^2));
+beta = (atan((imag(Vp))/real(Vp)))*180/%pi; //phase angle error in °
+e = (((KN*Vs)-Vp)/Vp)*100; //ratio error in percentage
+//beta = (atan((imag(Zp1))/real(Zp1)))*180/%pi;
+
+//result
+mprintf("phase angle error = %3.2f °",beta);
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.1f percentage ",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07b5c8a15 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 3
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 10; //instrument resistance in Ω
+Im = 0.05; //full scale defelection current in A
+I =100; //current to be measured in A
+V = 750; //voltage to be measured in V
+
+//calculations
+R = (V/(Im))-Rm; //series resistance in Ω
+N = I/(Im); //power of shunt
+Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance in Ω
+
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance to be connected in series to enable the instrument to measure current upto 1A is %3.5f Ω",R);
+mprintf("\nshunt resistance required for full-scale defelction with 10v is %3.4f Ω",Rs);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d4882412 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 4
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 5; //instrument resistance in Ω
+Im = 15*10^-3; //full scale defelection current in A
+I =1; //current to be measured in A
+V = 10; //voltage to be measured in V
+
+//calculations
+N = I/(Im); //power of shunt
+Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance in Ω
+R = (V/(Im))-Rm; //series resistance in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance to be connected in parallel to enable the instrument to measure current upto 1A is %3.5f Ω",Rs);
+mprintf("\nshunt resistance required for full-scale defelction with 10v is %3.4f Ω",R);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4643bc66c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 5
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 2; //instrument coil resistance in Ω
+V = 250; //full-scale reading in V
+Rs = 5000; //series resistance in Ω
+Rsh = 2*10^-3; //shunt resistance in Ω
+
+
+//calculations
+Im = V/((Rm+Rs)); //current flowing through the instrument for full-scale deflection in A
+Is = (Im*Rm)/(Rsh); //current through shunt resistance in A
+I = Im+Is; //current range of instrument in A
+
+//result
+mprintf("current flowing through the instrument for full-scale deflection is %3.5fA",Im);
+mprintf("\ncurrent through shunt resistance is %3.2f A",Is);
+mprintf("\ncurrent range of instrumentis %3.1f A",I);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c831c704d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 6
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rsh = 0.02; //shunt resistance in Ω
+V = 0.5; //potential difference across the shunt in V
+Rm = 1000; //resistance in Ω
+I1 = 10; //current in A
+I2 = 75; //current in A
+I = 100; //current in A
+x = 40; //deflection %
+
+//calculations
+Is = V/(Rs); //current through shunt in A
+Im = V/(Rm); //current through ammeter for full-scale defelction in A
+V1 = I1*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 10A in V
+R1 = V1/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 10 A for full-scale defelction in Ω
+V2 = I2*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 75A in V
+R2 = V2/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 75 A for full-scale defelction in Ω
+I3 = I*(100/(x)); //full-scale defelction current when 100 A gives 40% defelction
+V3 = I3*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 250 A in V
+R3 = V3/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 250 A for full-scale defelction in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("current through ammeter for full-scale defelction is %3.2f mA",(Im*10^3));
+mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 10 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 75 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R2);
+mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 250 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R3);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc6fa14bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 7
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+B = 0.5; //flux density of the magnetic field in Wb/m**2
+N = 100; //number of turns in coil
+l = 0.04; //length in m
+r =0.03; //width in m
+Tc = 120*10^-6; //controlling torque in N-m
+v = 1; //volts per division in V
+n = 100; //number of division on full-scale
+Rm = 0;
+
+//calculations
+x =B*N*l*r;
+I = Tc/(x); //current for full-scale deflection in A
+V = n*v; //full-scale reading of instrument in V
+R = (V/(I))-(Rm); //External resistance required to be put in series with the coil in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("current for full-scale deflection is %3.3f A",I);
+mprintf("\nExternal resistance required to be put in series with the coil is %3.2f Ω",R);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb2005137 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 8
+clc;clear all;
+
+
+//variable decalaration
+Rm = 5; //coil resistance in Ω
+Rm1 = 0.00075; //coil resistance in Ω
+Im = 0.015; //full-scale defelction current in A
+I = 100; //current to be measured in A
+T1 = 0.004; //temperature coeficient of copper in Ω/Ω/°C
+T2 = 0.00015; //temperature coeficient of manganin in Ω/Ω/°C
+T =10; //rise in temperature in °C
+
+//calculations
+N = I/(Im); //multiplying power of shunt
+Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance of manganin shunt in Ω
+Rc = Rm*(1+(T1*T)); //coil resitance with 10°C in temperature in Ω
+Rsh = Rm1*(1+(T2*T)); //shunt resitance with 10°C in temperature in Ω
+In = (Rsh/((Rc+Rsh)))*100; //new instrument current in A
+r = (In/(Im))*100; //new instrument reading in A
+e = ((r-I)/(I))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+
+//result
+mprintf('percentage error %3.3f percentage",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c7e59fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 9
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 25; //instrument resistance in Ω
+V = 25*10^-3; //full-scale deflection voltage in V
+V1 = 10; //voltage to be measured in V
+t = 10;
+alphac = 0.004;
+alpham = 0.00015;
+
+//calculations
+Im = V/(Rm); //full-scale deflection in mA
+R = (V1/(Im))-Rm; //external resistance in Ω
+Rt = Rm+R;
+Rm1 = Rm*(1+(alphac*t)); //instrument resistance with 10°C rise in temperature in Ω
+R1 = R*(1+(alpham*t)); //series resistance with 10°C rise in temperature in Ω
+R2 = Rm1+R1; //total resistance in the voltmeter circuit in Ω
+V2 = V1*(Rt/(R2)); //reading of voltmeter at 10°C rise in temerature in V
+er = ((V2-V1)/(V1))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//reult
+mprintf('percentage error = %3.2f percentage",er);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e884ff9ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 1
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 250; //wattmeter reading in watts
+Rp = 2000; //pressure coil circuit resistance in Ω
+VL = 200; //load voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+p = (VL^2)/Rp; //power lost in pressure coil in watts
+P1 = P-p; //power lost in the pressure coil circuit in watts
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("power lost in the pressure coil circuit = %3.2f watts",P1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cea02795 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 200; //voltage across an inductive load in volts
+V2 = 180; //voltage across an nono- inductive resistor in volts
+V3 = 300; //voltage across the two in series in volts
+
+//calculations
+x = ((V3^2)-(V1^2)-(V2^2))/(2*V1*V2); //cos(phi)
+
+//result
+mprintf("power factor cos (phi) = %3.3f lagging",x);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3339acdb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+I1 = 2.5; //current across an inductive load in A
+I2 = 2.4; //current across an non- inductive resistor in A
+I3 = 4.5; //current across the two in series in A
+V = 250; //supply voltage in V
+
+
+//calculations
+R = V/I2; // non- inductive resistance in Ω
+P = ((I3^2)-(I1^2)-(I2^2))*(R/2); //power absorbed by the load in watts
+Z = V/I1; //load impedance in Ω
+x = ((I3^2)-(I1^2)-(I2^2))/(2*I1*I2); //cos(phi)
+
+//result
+mprintf("power absorbed by the load = %3.2f watts",P);
+mprintf("\nload impedance = %3.2f Ω",Z);
+mprintf("\npower factor cos (phi) = %3.4f lagging",x);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25780fcc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 12
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V1 = 6600; //primary voltage in V
+V2 = 110; //secondary voltage in V
+I1 = 50; //primary current in A
+I2 = 5; //secondary voltage in A
+
+//calculations
+r = V1/V2; //hence transformation ratio of PT
+r1 = I1/I2; //transformation ratio of CT
+
+//result
+mprintf("transformation ratio of CT = %3.2f ",r1);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfbb55f0c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 13
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+m = 10; //wattmeter multiplying factor
+
+//calculations
+x = 100/5; //CT ratio
+y = 1000/100; //PT ratio
+W = x*y*m; //new multiplying factor of wattmeter
+
+//result
+mprintf("new multiplying factor of wattmeter = %3.2f",W);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c7e5b9d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 14
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+
+V = 6000; //load voltage in V
+I = 100; //load current in A
+p = 0.5; //power factor cos(phi) lagging
+theta = 0; //since wattmeter reads correctly
+x1 = 20; // current transformers nominal ratio
+x2 = 60; // potenetial transformers nominal ratio
+e1 =-0.005; // ration error
+e2 = 0.01; // ratio error
+
+//calculations
+P = V*I*p; //actual power consumed in W
+phi =acos(p);
+phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi;
+d = -1; //phase angle in °
+b = 2; //phase angle in °
+g = phi1+d-theta1-b; //phase angle in °
+theta1 =theta*180/%pi
+g1 = g*180/%pi;
+A =cos(phi1)
+K = (cos(phi1*%pi/180))/((cos(theta1*%pi/180))*(cos(g*%pi/180)));
+CT = x1*(1+e1); //actual transformation ratio of CT
+PT = x2*(1+e2); //actual transformation ratio of PT
+P1 = P/(K*CT*PT); //power indicated by wattmeter in kW
+T = P/(x1*x2); //true reading of wattmeter in kW
+e = ((P1-T)/T)*100; //percentage errror in %
+//result
+mprintf("phase angle between the currents in CC and PC of wattmeter %3.2f ° ",K);
+mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.0f percentage ",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0686bcc01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 15
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+W1 = 300; //wattmeter reading in kW
+W2 = 100; //wattmeter reading in kW
+
+//calculations
+P = W1+W2; //input power in kW
+phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in radians
+phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi;
+pf =cos((phi1*%pi)/180); //power factor lagging
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("input power = %3.2f kW",P);
+mprintf("power factor = %3.3f lagging",pf);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..750409d15 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 16
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+W1 = 20; //wattmeter reading in kW
+W2 = -5; //wattmeter reading in kW
+
+//calculations
+P = W1+W2; //input power in kW
+phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in °
+pf =cos(phi); //power factor lagging
+
+//result
+mprintf("input power = %3.2f kW",P);
+mprintf("\npower factor = %3.4f lagging",pf);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..015e0dbea --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 17
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 30000; //total power in kW
+pf = 0.4; //power factor assuming lagging
+
+//calculations
+phi = acos(pf); //phase angle in radians
+phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi;
+y = sqrt(3);
+z =y*pf;
+x = P/(y*pf); //VL*IL in VA
+
+//W = VL*IL*cos(30-phi)
+//VL*IL = x;
+W1 = x*cos((30*%pi/180)-(phi1*%pi/180)); //reading of wattemeter in W
+W2 = x*cos((30*%pi/180)+(phi1*%pi/180)); //reading of wattemeter in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("reading of wattemeter %3.2f W %3.0f W",W1,W2);
+mprintf("\nNote:x value is taken approximate value,so the w1 and w2 differing ")
+mprintf("\nif power factor is leading the readings of wattmeters interchange ");
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..708fd5d8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 18
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+VL =400; //voltage in V
+IL = 10; //current in A
+//r = W1/W2
+//tan(phi) = sqrt(3)*((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))
+//tan(phi) = sqrt(3)*((1-(W2/W1))/(1+(W2/W1)))
+//tan(phi) = sqrt(3)*((1-r)/(1+r))
+//cos(phi) = 1/sec(phi) = 1/sqrt(1+(tan(phi)^2) = 1/sqrt(1+(3*((1-r)/(1+r))^2)
+r = 0.5;
+z = ((1-r)/(1+r))^2;
+pf = 1/sqrt(1+(3*z));
+phi = (acos(pf)*180/%pi);
+W1 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)-(phi*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W
+W2 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)+(phi*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("wattmeter reading = %3.2f W", W1);
+mprintf("\nwattmeter reading = %3.2f W",W2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..101477de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 19
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+W1 = 3000; //wattmeter reading in W
+W2 = 1000; //wattmeter reading in W
+f = 50; //frequency in HZ
+V = 400; //voltage in V
+
+
+//calculations
+VP = V/sqrt(3); //voltage in V
+P = W1+W2; //input power in kW
+phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in radians
+phi1 = phi*180/%pi; //phase angle in degrees
+pf =cos(phi1*%pi/180); //power factor lagging
+IL = P/((sqrt(3))*V*pf); //line current in A
+ZP =VP/IL; //impedance of the circuit per phase in Ω
+R = ZP*pf; //resistance per phase Ω
+XL = sqrt((ZP^2 )-(R^2)); //reactance per phase in Ω
+L = XL/(2*%pi*f); //inducatance per phase in H
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance per phase = %3.2f Ω",R);
+mprintf("\ninducatance per phase in = %3.3f H",L);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1abd4fcb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 2
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+x = 0.004;
+y = 0.707; //power factor lagging
+y1 = 0.5; //power factor lagging
+
+//calculaitons
+theta = atan(x) //theta in degrees
+a = cos(theta)
+b = sin(theta)
+phi = acos(y)
+c = cos(phi)/(a*cos(theta-phi)) //correction factor
+A = cos(phi)/sin(phi);
+e = (b/(A+b))*100 //percentage error in %
+phi1 = acos(y1)
+c1 = cos(phi1)/(a*cos(theta-phi1)) //correction factor
+B = cos(phi1)/sin(phi1);
+e1 = (b/(B+b))*100 //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("correction factor when 0.707 pf lagging = %3.3f",c);
+mprintf("\npercentage error =%3.2f percentage ",e);
+mprintf("\ncorrection factor when 0.707 pf lagging = %3.3f",c1);
+mprintf("\npercentage error =%3.1f percentage ",e1)
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80a8cbd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 20
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+IPR = 8; //current in line R in A
+IPY = 10; //current in line Y in A
+IPB = 6; //current in line B in A
+VP =120; //voltage in V
+pf = 1; //power factor
+
+//calculations
+W1 = VP*IPR*pf; //wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line R in watts
+W2 = VP*IPY*pf; //wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line Y in watts
+W3 = VP*IPB*pf; //wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line B in watts
+p = W1+W2+W3; //power taken by lighting load in watts
+
+//result
+mprintf("wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line R = %3.2f watts",W1);
+mprintf("\nwattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line Y = %3.2f watts",W2);
+mprintf("\nwattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line B = %3.2f watts",W3);
+mprintf("\npower taken by lighting load = %3.2f watts",p);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..121a5b0e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 21
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 10; //resistance in Ω
+XL = 10; //reactance in Ω
+VL = 440; //load voltage in V
+
+//calculations
+Z = sqrt((R^2)+(XL^2)); //impedance of each choking coil in Ω
+VP = VL/sqrt(3); //phase voltage in V
+IP = VP/Z; //phase current in A
+IL = IP; //line current in A
+phi = atan(XL/R); //phase angle in °
+phi1 = phi*180/%pi;
+
+W1 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)-(phi1*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W
+W2 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)+(phi1*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("line current = %3.2f A",IL);
+mprintf("\nwattmeter reading = %3.2f W",W1);
+mprintf("\nwattmeter reading = %3.2f W",W2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87b6dd3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 22
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+W1 = 5000; //wattmeter reading in W
+W2 = -1000; //wattmeter reading in W
+VL = 440; //load voltage in V
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+VP = 440;
+
+//calculations
+P = W1+W2; //total power in the load circuit in W
+phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in °
+phi1 = phi*180/%pi;
+pf = cos(phi); //power factor
+IP = P/((sqrt(3)*VL*pf)); //load current per phase in A
+IP1 = IP/sqrt(3);
+ZP = VP/IP1; //load impedance per phase
+RP = ZP*pf; //load resistance per phase in Ω
+XP =ZP*sin(phi); //load reactance per phase in Ω
+pf1 = 0.5; //power factor
+phi2 = (acos(pf1))*180/%pi;
+//reading of wattmeter will be zero
+XP1 = RP*tan((phi2)*%pi/180); //reactnace in circuit per phase in Ω
+XC =XP-XP1; //value of capacitive reactance in troduced in each phase in Ω
+C = 1/(2*%pi*f*XC); //value of capacitive reactance introduced in each phase of delta connected in uF
+
+//result
+mprintf("value of capacitive reactance introduced in each phase of delta connected = %3.0f uF",(C*10^6));
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ec29ab83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +//================================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 23
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+VAB1 = 400+0*%i; //voltage in V
+VBC1 = -200-346.41*%i; //voltage in V
+VCA1 = -200+346.41*%i; //voltage in V
+VAB =400;
+VBC = 400;
+VCA = 400;
+TVAB = 0;
+TVBC = -120;
+TVCA =120;
+PAB = 20000; //Wwattmetr readig VA
+PBC = 30000; //Wwattmetr readig VA
+PCA = 20000; //Wwattmetr readig VA
+
+
+//calculations
+IAB = PAB/VAB; //magnitude of IABC
+IBC = PBC/VAB; //magnitude of IABC
+ICA = PCA/VAB; //magnitude of IABC
+c1 = 0;
+c2 = (acos(0.8)*180/%pi);
+c3 = -(acos(0.6)*180/%pi);
+angle1 = c1-TVAB;
+angle2 = c2-TVBC;
+angle3 = c3-TVCA;
+IAB1 = (IAB*cos(angle1))+(IAB*sin(angle1))*%i;
+IBC1 = (IBC*cos(angle2*%pi/180))+(IBC*sin(-angle2*%pi/180))*%i;
+ICA1 = (ICA*cos(angle3*%pi/180))+(ICA*sin(-angle3*%pi/180))*%i;
+IA = IAB1-ICA1;
+IB = IBC1-IAB1;
+IC = ICA1-IBC1;
+W1 = -(VBC1)*IA;
+W2 = VCA1*IB;
+
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("line current IA = %3.2f %3.2f *j A",real(IA),imag(IA));
+mprintf("\nline current IA = %3.2f%3.2f*j A",real(IB),imag(IB));
+mprintf("\nline current IA = %3.2f + %3.2f*j A",real(IC),imag(IC));
+mprintf("\nreading of wattmeter W1 = %3.2f W",W1);
+mprintf("\nreading of wattmeter W2 = %3.2f W",W2);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f378291f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 24
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+W1 = 2000; //reading of wattmeter in watts
+W2 = 1000; //reading of wattmeter in watts
+
+//calculations
+Q = sqrt(3)*(W1-W2); //reactive power of the network in V A
+P = Q/(sqrt(3)); //wattmeter reading when current coil is connected in one phase and the potential coil across the two phases in VA
+
+//result
+mprintf("Wattmeter reading = %3.2f reactive volt amperes",P);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f1a39531 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 25
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+VL = 415; //voltage in V
+IL = 20; //current in A
+pf = 0.8; //phase angle
+
+//calculations
+phi =acos(pf) //phase angle in °
+phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi
+x = cos((30-phi1)*%pi/180)
+W1 = VL*IL*x //wattmeter reading in W
+W2 = VL*IL*cos((30+phi1)*%pi/180) //wattmeter reading in W
+//total KVAR = sqrt(3))*(W1-W2)
+// W = totalKVAR/sqrt(3)
+//W = (sqrt(3))*(W1-W2))/sqrt(3); //wattmeter reading
+W = W1-W2 //wattmeter reading
+
+//result
+mprintf("reading on wattmeter 1 = %3.2d W",W1);
+mprintf("\nreading on wattmeter 2 = %3.2d W",W2);
+mprintf("\nreading on wattmeter = %3.2f W",W);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b30c19bc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 3
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 240; //voltage in V
+I = 8; //current in A
+x = 0.1; //pf lagging
+Rp = 8000; //resistance in Ω
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 63.6*10^-3 //inductance
+
+//calculations
+phi = acos(x);
+phi1 =(phi*180)/%pi;
+P = V*I*x; //load power
+Pl = (V^2)/Rp; //power lost in the pressure coil circuit in watts
+Pt = P+Pl; //neglecting inductance of the voltage coil the reading of wattmeter would be in watts
+Xp = 2*%pi*f*L; //reactance in Ω
+theta = atan(Xp/Rp);
+theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi;
+A = cos(theta1);
+B =cos(phi1-theta1);
+C = cos(phi1);
+w = Pt*(A)*(B/C); //wattmeter reading
+e = ((w-P)/P)*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("phi value in textbook is taken wrong correct is 84°.16 but value is 84°.26 so textbook answer is coming wrong")
+mprintf("\npercentage error in %3.2f percentage ",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..beb6261cf --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 4
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+w = 23; //wattmeter reading in watts
+Rp = 2000; //resistance in Ω
+f = 100; //frequency in Hz
+L = 10*10^-3 //inductance
+V = 240; //voltage in V
+I = 4.5; //current in A
+
+//calculations
+Xp = 2*%pi*f*L; //reactance in Ω
+theta = atan(Xp/Rp);
+theta1 =(theta*180)/(%pi)
+//cos(phi)=P/V*I
+//phi = acos(P/V*I)
+//w = Pt*(cos(theta))*(cos(phi-theta))/cos(phi); //wattmeter reading
+W1 = V*I; //V*I in watts
+//phi = acos(P/W) = acos(P/1080)
+//W = P*cos(theta)*(cos(phi-theta))/cos(phi)
+//W =23 =P*cos(0.18)*cos((acos(P/1080))-0.18)/(P/V*I)
+//let cos(acos(P/1080)-0.18) =A
+//B = cos(0.18)
+//W=23 = (P*B*A)/(P/(V*I))
+// W= B*A*V*I
+//A = W/(B*V*I)
+B = cos((theta1*%pi)/180);
+A = w/(B*V*I);
+//cos(acos(P/1080)-0.18) =A
+//C =acos(P/1080) = acos(A)+0.18
+A1 =(acos(A))*(180/%pi);
+C = A1+0.18
+D = cos(C*%pi/180)
+P =1080*D;
+e = ((w-P)/P)*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error in %3.2f percentage ",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5ba78d77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 5
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 5*10^-3 //inductance
+V = 100; //voltage in V
+I = 10; //current in A
+R1 = 3000; //resistance in Ω
+
+//calculations
+x = ((2*%pi*f*L)/R1); //tan(theta)
+theta = atan(x); //the angle by which the current in pressure coil lags behind the voltage
+//W = V*I*sin(90+theta) = V*I*cos(theta) = V*I*tan(theta)
+//W=V*I*theta //since theta is small
+W = V*I*x; //reading of wattmeter in watt
+
+//result
+mprintf("error = %3.2f watts",W);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c6825183 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 6
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+RL = 2; //resistance in Ω
+f =50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 0.25; //inductance in H
+V = 200; //voltage in V
+LP = 5.6*10^-3; //inductance in H
+RP =1000;
+
+//calculations
+XL = 2*%pi*f*L; //load reactance in Ω
+ZL = RL+XL*%i; //load impedance
+IL = V/ZL; //load current in A
+XLP = 2*%pi*f*LP; //reactance in Ω
+ZP = RP+XLP*%i; //pressure coil circuit impedance in Ω
+IP = V/ZP; //pressure coil current in A
+theta = (atan(imag(IP)/real(IP)))*180/%pi;
+Ic = IL+IP;
+Ic1 = sqrt(((imag(Ic))^2)+((real(Ic))^2))
+phi = (atan(imag(Ic)/real(Ic)))*180/%pi;
+A = (phi-theta);
+x = cos((A*%pi)/180);
+y =cos((theta*%pi)/180);
+W = V*Ic1*y*x; //actual reading of wattmeter in watts
+
+//result
+mprintf("actual reading of wattmeter = %3.4f watts",W);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2c868146 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 7
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 250; //load voltage in V
+I = 12; //load current in A
+Rc = 0.1; //resistance in Ω
+Rp =6500; //resistance in Ω
+x = 1; //pf cos(phi)
+y = 0.4; //pf cos(phi)
+
+//calculations
+P = V*I*x; //power input to the apparatus in W
+PL = (I^2)*Rc; //power lost in current coil in W
+e = (PL/P)*100; //percentage error in %
+Pc = (V^2)/Rp; //power lost in presuure coil in W
+e = (Pc/P)*100; //percentage error in %
+P1 = V*I*y; //power input to the apparatus in W
+PL1 = (I^2)*Rc; //power lost in current coil in W
+e1 = (PL1/P1)*100; //percentage error in %
+Pc1 = (V^2)/Rp; //power lost in presuure coil in W
+e1 = (Pc1/P1)*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error when pf 1 lagging %3.2f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\npercentage error when pf 0.4 lagging %3.2f percentage",e1);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7746901c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + //============================================================================
+//Chapter 7 Example 8
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+theta1 =1; //pressure coil phase angle in °
+theta2 =2; //pressure coil phase angle in °
+P1 = 700; //wattmeter reading in W
+P2 = 620; //wattmeter reading in W
+V = 240; //voltage in V
+
+
+//calculations
+x = P1/P2;
+//P1 =P*cos(theta2)*cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi)
+//P2 = P*cos(theta1)*cos(phi-theta1)/cos(phi)
+//P1/P2 = cos(theta2)*cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi)/cos(theta1)*cos(phi-theta1)/cos(phi)
+//x = cos(theta2)*cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi)/cos(theta1)*cos(phi-theta1)/cos(phi)
+//x = (cos(theta2)/cos(theta1))*(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1))
+//x = y*(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1))
+//(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1)) = x/y
+y = (cos(theta2*%pi/180)/cos(theta1*%pi/180));
+z = x/y;
+//(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1)) = ((cos(thet2*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet2*%pi/180))*sin(phi))/((cos(theta1*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet1*%pi/180))*sin(phi))
+//z = ((cos(thet2*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet2*%pi/180))*sin(phi))/((cos(theta1*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet1*%pi/180))*sin(phi))
+t = ((z*cos(theta1*%pi/180))-(cos(theta2*%pi/180)))/((sin(theta2*%pi/180))-(z*sin(theta1*%pi/180)));
+phi = (atan(t))*180/%pi;
+pf = cos(phi*%pi/180);
+C = (phi-theta2)
+c = cos(C*%pi/180);
+a = (cos(theta2*%pi/180));
+b = a*c;
+B = P1*pf;
+P = B/b;
+I = P/(V*pf);
+
+//result
+mprintf("actual power = %3.3f W",P);
+mprintf("\ncurrent drawn = %3.2f A",I);
diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97da88e05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 7 example 9
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Np = 500; //number of turns on moving coil
+Ip = 0.05; //current through moving coil in A
+B = 0.012; // flux density in the air gap in T
+d = 0.03; //diameter in m
+theta1 = 30;
+theta2 = 90;
+x = 0.866; //power factor cos(phi)
+
+//calculations
+
+A = (%pi/4)*(d^2); //area of x-section of moving coilin m^2
+phimax = B*A; //maximum flux through moving coil in Wb
+//Mmax = (phimax*Np)/Ic
+//Mmax*Ic = X = phimax*Np
+X = (phimax*Np);
+//T = Ip*Ic*Mmax*cos(phi)*sin(theta)
+//T = Ip*Ic*(X/Ic)*cos(phi)*sin(theta)
+//T = Ip*(X)*cos(phi)*sin(theta)
+T1 = Ip*X*x*sin(theta1*%pi/180);
+T2 = Ip*X*x*sin(theta2*%pi/180);
+
+//result
+mprintf("torque in when 30° = %3.4e N-m",T1);
+mprintf("\ntorque in when 90° = %3.4e N-m",T2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfbcea5c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 1
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+P = 360; //power in W
+t = 100; //time in seconds
+n = 10; //revolutions
+
+//calculations
+E = (P*(t/(3600)))/(1000); //energy consumed in kWh
+M = n/(E); //meter constant in revolutions/KWh
+
+//result
+mprintf("meter constant in revolutions/KWh = %3.2f ",M);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d264b82df --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 230; //voltage in V
+I = 10; //current in A
+T = 30; //time in minutes
+x =0.8; //power factor
+n = 890; //number of revolutions made
+M = 1200; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh
+E = 58.25; //dial reading at the end of test
+E1 = 57.35; //dial reading at the start of test
+
+//calculations
+Ea = (V*I*(T/(60))*x)/(1000); //Energy consumed 1 minute
+Em = E-E1; //energy consumption recorded by the meter in kWh
+e = Em-Ea; //error in registration in kWh
+N = M*Em; //actual revolutions required to be made by the meter for an energy consumption of 0.90kWh
+e = (n-N)/(T); //error in rpm
+
+//result
+mprintf("error = %3.2f rpm",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dab573f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+ //variable declaration
+V = 230; //voltage in volts
+I = 4; //current in A
+I1 = 5; //current in A
+cosphi = 1; //power factor
+h = 6; //hours
+R = 2208; //revolutios made by meter
+R1 = 1472; //revolutios made by meter
+E1 = 400; //energy consumption
+h1 =4;
+
+//calculations
+E = (V*I*cosphi*h)/(1000); //energy consumption in kWh
+M = R/(E); //meter constant in rev/kWh
+cosphi2 = (R1/(E1)*(1000/(V*I1*h1))); //power factor of the load is cosphi2 for second measuremnet
+
+//result
+mprintf("meter constant = %3.2f revolutions/kWhr",M);
+mprintf("\npower factor of the load is cosphi2 for second measuremnet = %3.2f",cosphi2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46b4b9091 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 2
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 220; //voltage in V
+I = 5; //current in A
+Rp = 8800; //resistance of pressure in Ω
+V1 = 6; //voltage excited in V
+
+//calculations
+P1 = V*I; //power consumed in current coil circuit in W
+P2 = (V^2)/(Rp); //power consumed in pressure coil circuit in W
+P = P1+P2; //total power consumed in W
+P11 = V1*I; //power consumed in current coil circuit in W
+P21 = (V^2)/(Rp); //power consumed in pressure coil circuit in W
+PP = P11+P21; //total power consumed in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("total power consumed for direct load arrangement = %3.2f W",P);
+mprintf("\ntotal power consumed for phanton loading with current circuit = %3.1f W",PP);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5221ec15f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 3
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+T = 0.5; //time in hours
+V = 220; //voltage in V
+I = 5; //current in A
+P = 525; //consumption registered in Wh
+P1 =0.525; //consumption registered in kWh
+
+//calculations
+
+E = ((V*I)/(1000))*T; //energy consumed in kWh
+e = ((P1-E)/(E))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage(slow) ",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7366c986 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 4
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+M1 = 5; //meter constant in A-s/rev
+V = 250; //voltage in V
+t = 60; //time in minute
+
+//calculations
+M2 = M1*V; //meter constant in W-s/rev with rated voltage of 250V
+M3 = M2/(1000*3600); //meter constant in kWh/rev
+M = 1/(M3); //meter constant in rev/kWh
+E = (M2/(t*1000)); //energy consumed in 1 minute at full-load
+S = M*E; //full-load speed in rpm
+
+//result
+mprintf("meter constant in revolutions per kWh = %3.2d",M);
+mprintf("\nfull-load speed = %3.2d rpm",S);
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..737709ff2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 5
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+n = 15; //number of revolutions made
+M = 750; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh
+T = 30; //time in seconds
+
+//calculations
+E = n/(M); //Energy consumed in 30 seconds
+L = (E*3600)/T; //load in kW
+
+//result
+mprintf("Energy consumed in 30 seconds = %3.2f kWh",E);
+mprintf("\nLoad = %3.2f kW",L);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3d3d1ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 6
+
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+M = 500; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh
+n = 40; //number of revolutions made
+T1 = 58.1; //time in seconds
+P = 5; //power in kW
+
+//calculations
+x =P*T1;
+E =(x/3600); //Energy consumed in 58.1 seconds
+E1 = n/(M); //energy consumption registeredin kWh
+e = ((E1-E)/E)*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..583598b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 7
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+V = 230; //voltage in V
+I = 4.4; //current in A
+T = 3; //time in minutes
+x =1; //cos(0)=1
+n = 10; //number of revolutions made
+M = 200; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh
+
+//calculations
+E = (V*I*(T/(60))*x)/(1000); //Energy consumed i3 minutes
+E1 = n/(M); //energy consumption registeredin kWh
+e = ((E1-E)/(E))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage error = %3.3f percentage",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26999cb01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 8
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+L = 1; //Load in kW
+S = 10.2; //speed of the disc in rpm
+T1 = 12; //time in hours
+M = 600; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh
+
+//calculations
+T2 = T1*60; //time in minutes
+E = L*T1; //actual energy consumed in 12 hours in kWh
+N = S*T2; //Revolutions made by the disc in 12 hours
+E1 = N/(M); //Energy consumption recorded by the meter
+e = E1-E; //error in kWh
+
+//result
+mprintf("error = %3.2f kWh more",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2215336b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 8 example 9
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+
+V = 240; //voltage in V
+I = 8; //current in A
+T = 1; //time in minutes
+x =0.6; //power factor
+M = 600; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh
+
+//calculations
+E = (V*I*(T/(60))*x)/(1000); //Energy consumed 1 minute
+S = E*M; //speed of the disc in rev/minute
+
+//result
+mprintf("speed of the disc = %3.2f rev/minute",S);
diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1343b88c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 9 example 1
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+N = 1500; //speed of shaft in rm
+T =120; //number of teeth on rotator
+
+//calculatins
+f = (N/60)*T; //frequency of output pulses in pulses per second
+
+//result
+mprintf("frequency of output pulses in pulses = %3.2f pulses per second",f);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7febc3cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 9 example 2
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 4; //digital counter reading
+G = 0.001; //gatting period in s
+T = 150; //number of teeth on rotor
+
+//calculations
+f = R/(G); //number of pulses per second
+N = (f/T)*60; //rotational speed in rpm
+
+//result
+mprintf("rotational speed = %3.2f rpm",N);
diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2af2527a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 9 example 3
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+H = 120; //number of holes on the rotating disc
+f = 5400; //frequency of output pulses in per second
+
+//calculations
+N = (f/(H))*60; //rotational speed in rpm
+
+//result
+mprintf("rotational speed = %3.2f rpm",N);
diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d6e35306 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 9 example 4
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+f1 = 60; //frequency in Hz
+f2 = 50; //frequency in Hz
+C1 = 10^-6; //inductance of circuit
+R1 = 100; //resistance in Ω
+C2 = 1.5*10^-6; //capacitance
+
+//calculations
+L1 = 1/(4*((%pi)^2)*((f1)^2)*C1); //inductance of circuit in H
+w = 2*%pi*f2;
+Z1 = R1+(%i)*((w*L1)-(1/(w*C1))); //impedance of circuit at 50 Hz Ω
+//Z2 = R1+(%i)*((w*L2)-(1/(w*C2))); //impedance of circuit at 50 Hz Ω
+//real(Z2) = real(Z1)
+//((w*L2)-(1/(w*C2))) = real(Z1)=963
+x =abs((w*L1)-(1/(w*C1)))
+y = 1/(w*C2);
+L2 =(x+y)/w;
+z = sqrt(1/(L2*C2));
+f2 = (1/(2*%pi))*(z);
+
+//result
+mprintf("resonant frequency of circuit = %3.1f Hz",f2);
diff --git a/3875/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.txt b/3875/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28cb590e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3875/CH1/EX1.2/1_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +(a)
+Resistive force constant c = 2e-03 newton-s/meter
+(b)
+Natural angular frequency omega_n = 10 rad/s
+(c)
+Damping ratio eta = 1e-03
+Q factor = 500
+(d)
+percent change in frequency = 5e-05
diff --git a/3875/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.txt b/3875/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e76ebafb --- /dev/null +++ b/3875/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + The wavelength of light for first order is = 1.20e-04 cm and it lies in the infrared region
+
+ The wavelength of light for second order is = 6.0e-05 cm and it lies in the visible region
+
+ The wavelength of light for third order is = 4.0e-05 cm and it lies in the visible region
+
+ The wavelength of light for fourth order is = 3.0e-05 cm and it lies in the ultravoilet(invisible) region
+
+The absent wavelengths in the reflected light are 6.0e-05 cm and 4.0e-05 cm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3875/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/3875/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..defad8c24 --- /dev/null +++ b/3875/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clc;
+clear;
+i=35 //angle of incidence in degree
+myu=1.33 //refractive index
+d=5*10^-5 //thickness of the soap film in cm
+n1=1 //for first order
+n2=2 //for second order
+n3=3 //for third order
+n4=4 //for fourth order
+
+//calculation
+r=asind(sind(i)/myu) //angle of refraction in degree
+
+//case(1) for first order
+lambda_1=(2*myu*d*cosd(r))/n1
+
+//case(2) for second order
+lambda_2=(2*myu*d*cosd(r))/n2
+
+//case(3) for third order
+lambda_3=(2*myu*d*cosd(r))/n3
+
+//case(14) for fourth order
+lambda_4=(2*myu*d*cosd(r))/n4
+
+
+mprintf("\n The wavelength of light for first order is = %1.2e cm and it lies in the infrared region\n",lambda_1)
+mprintf("\n The wavelength of light for second order is = %1.1e cm and it lies in the visible region\n",lambda_2)
+mprintf("\n The wavelength of light for third order is = %1.1e cm and it lies in the visible region\n",lambda_3)
+mprintf("\n The wavelength of light for fourth order is = %1.1e cm and it lies in the ultravoilet(invisible) region\n",lambda_4)
+mprintf("\nThe absent wavelengths in the reflected light are %1.1e cm and %1.1e cm",lambda_2,lambda_3)
diff --git a/3878/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3878/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..976d44253 --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// +// Variable declaration +T_f=3// The temperature of fluid in °C +T_wi=11.5// The temperature of water at inlet in °C +T_wo=6.4// The temperature of water at outlet in °C +A=420// The surface area in m**2 +U=110// The thermal transmittance in W/(m**2 K) + +// Calculation +delT_max=T_wi-T_f// The maximum temperature difference in K +delT_min=T_wo-T_f// The minimum temperature difference in K +LMTD=(delT_max-delT_min)/log(delT_max/delT_min) +Q_f=U*A*LMTD// The amount of heat transfer in W +printf("\n The logarithmic mean temperature difference is %0.3f K",LMTD) +printf("\n The amount of heat transfer is %0.0f W (round off error) or %0.0f ",Q_f,Q_f/1000) diff --git a/3878/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3878/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d538b6108 --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +R_i=0.3// The inside surface resistance in (m**2 K)/W +R_c=1/2.8// The thermal conductance of plastered surface in (m**2 K)/W +R_o=0.05// The outside surface resistance in (m**2 K)/W + +// Calculation +R_t=R_i+R_c+R_o// The total thermal resistance in (m**2 K)/W +U=1/R_t// The overall transmittance in W/(m**2 K) +printf("\n The overall transmittance,U= %0.3f W/(m**2 K)",U) diff --git a/3878/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3878/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03e5caf5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +T_c=34// The condensing temperature in °C +T_s=30// The subcooled temperature in °C +g=9.81// m/s**2 + +// Calculation +P_c=15.69// Saturation pressure at 34°C in bar +P_s=14.18// Saturation pressure at 30°C in bar +dp=P_c-P_s// Permissible pressure drop in bar +rho=1022// Specific mass of liquid in kg/m**3 +H=(dp*10**5)/(rho*g)// Possible loss in static head in m +printf("\n Possible loss in static head=%2.1f m",H) + diff --git a/3878/CH21/EX21.5/Ex21_5.sce b/3878/CH21/EX21.5/Ex21_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0683f5c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH21/EX21.5/Ex21_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +T_s=100// The temperature of steam in °C +T_d=21// The dry bulb temperature in °C +H=50// % saturation +x_ab=0.0079// Moisture content of air before in kg/kg +x_a=0.0067// Moisture added in kg/kg +C_ps=1.972// The specific heat capacity of the steam in kJ/kg°C +C_pa=1.006// The specific heat capacity of air in kJ/kg.K + +// Calculation +x=x_ab+x_a// Final moisture content in kg/kg +t=((x_a*C_ps*T_s)+(C_pa*T_d))/(((x_a*C_ps)+(C_pa)))// The final dry bulb temperature in °C +printf("\n \nFinal moisture content=%0.4f kg/kg \nThe final dry bulb temperature,t=%2.2f°C",x,t) + diff --git a/3878/CH21/EX21.7/Ex21_7.sce b/3878/CH21/EX21.7/Ex21_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb63f86f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH21/EX21.7/Ex21_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +m_w=4// The mass of water in kg +m_a=1// The mass of air in kg +h_ab=45.79// Enthalpy of air before in kJ/kg +h_aa=26.7// Enthalpy of air after in kJ/kg +C_pw=4.187// The specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg.K + +// Calculation +Q_l=h_ab-h_aa// Heat lost per kilogram air in kJ +Q_g=Q_l/m_w// Heat gain per kilogram water in kJ +dT=Q_g/C_pw// Temperature rise of water in K +printf("\n Temperature rise of water=%1.0f K",dT) + diff --git a/3878/CH22/EX22.2/Ex22_2.sce b/3878/CH22/EX22.2/Ex22_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72805a316 --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH22/EX22.2/Ex22_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +T_d=37// The dry bulb temperature of air in °C +T_w=25.4// The cooling temperature of water in °C +cf=0.80// Contact factor + +// Calculation +T_df=T_d-(cf*(T_d-T_w))// The dry bulb temperature (final) in °C +printf("\n The dry bulb temperature (final)=%2.1f °C point D ",T_df) +printf("\n \nThe wet bulb is now 18.9°C and the enthalpy is 53 kJ/kg.") diff --git a/3878/CH22/EX22.3/Ex22_3.sce b/3878/CH22/EX22.3/Ex22_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfde6d548 --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH22/EX22.3/Ex22_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +T_d=26// The dry bulb temperature of air in °C +T_w=20// The wet bulb temperature of water in °C +T_win=29// The temperature of water at inlet in °C +T_wout=24// The temperature of water at outlet in °C +C_pw=4.187// The specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg.K + +// Calculation +Q=C_pw*(T_win-T_wout)// Heat from water in kJ/kg +h_ain=57.1// Enthalpy of entering air in kJ/kg +h_aout=78.1// Enthalpy of leaving air in kJ/kg +printf("\n \nHeat from water=%2.0f kJ/kg \nEnthalpy of entering air=57.1 kJ/kg \nEnthalpy of leaving air=78.1 kJ/kg",Q) + +printf("\n From the chart, the air leaves at approximately 25.7°C dry bulb") + diff --git a/3878/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3878/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f56ea478e --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +deltaT=5.2// The temperature rise in K +E=930// Total duty at the condenser in kW +C_pw=4.187// The specific heat of water in kJ/kg K + +// Calculation +mdot=E/(deltaT*C_pw)// The amount of water required in kg/s +printf("\n %0.3f kg/s water flow is required.",mdot) diff --git a/3878/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3878/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17bab9448 --- /dev/null +++ b/3878/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clear +// Variable declaration +Cc=700// The cooling capacity in kW +P_c=170// The compressor power in kW +c_b=0.0012// Concentration of solids in bleed-off (kg/kg) +c_m=0.00056// Concentration of solids in make-up water in kg/kg + +// Calculation +E_tc=Cc+P_c// Cooling tower capacity in kW +h_fg=2420// Latent heat of water vapour in kJ/kg +w_e=E_tc*10**3/h_fg// Rate of evaporation in g/s +w_m=(w_e*(c_b))/(c_b-c_m)// Rate of make up in kg/s +w_bo=w_m-w_e// Rate of bleed off in kg/s +printf("\n \nRate of make up=%0.2f kg/s \nRate of bleed off=%0.2f kg/s",w_m/1000,w_bo/1000) + diff --git a/3885/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sci b/3885/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7368c124e --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sci @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 2.1
+clc;
+clear;
+n=300;// number of turns
+li=0.01//linearity =1%
+v=30//voltage=30V
+kp=v/n
+disp(kp,'potentiometer constant in (volts/turn)')
+nmid=n/2
+vmid=kp*nmid
+disp(vmid,'voltage at mid point is;')
+disp('range of voltage at mid point with 1% linearoty is 14.7volts to 15.3 volts')//vmid(+-)0.3
+//assuming potentiometer is perfectly linear so the resistance at midpoint setting from reference is 50kohm
+//load resistance of 500Kohm is connected in parallel with potentiometer
+req=(500*50)/(500+50)
+v0=(v*req)/(50+req)//using voltage divison rule
+disp(v0,'voltage at midpoint with load resistance 500Kohm (in volts)')
+
diff --git a/3885/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sci b/3885/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f5f5c8dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sci @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 2.2
+clc;
+clear;
+n1=20//no of teeth in first gear
+n2=10//no of teeth in second gear
+diratio=n1/n2
+disp(diratio,'the ratio of diameters is')
+theta1=40//gear1 is rotated by an angle of 40 degree
+theta2=(n1/n2)*theta1
+disp(theta2,'displace ment of gear2 in (degrees)')
+as1=30//angular speed of gear1 is 30 rad/sec
+as2=(n1/n2)*as1
+disp(as2,' angular speed of gear2 in(rad/sec)')
+aa2=4//angular accleration of gear 2 is 4 rad/sec^2
+aa1=(n2/n1)*aa2
+disp(aa1,'angular accleration of gear 1 in (rad/sec^2)')
+t1=5//torque on gear1 5N-m
+t2=(n2/n1)*t1
+disp(t2,'torque on gear2 in (N-m)')
diff --git a/3885/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sci b/3885/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a61eea73c --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sci @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 2.3
+clc;
+clear;
+n1=200//no of teeth in gear1
+n2=50//no of teeth in gear2
+n3=100//no of teeth in gear3
+n4=50//no of teeth in gear4
+n5=40//no of teeth in gear5
+n6=20//no of teeth in gear6
+n7=150//no of teeth in gear7
+//if gear 1 rotates in clockwise then all odd no gears rotate in clockwisw and even no gear rotate in anticlockwise
+ad1=2//angular displacement in gear 1 is 2rad
+ad4=(n1/n4)*ad1
+disp(ad4,'angular displacement in gear 4 in rad (anticlockwise)')
+ad7=(n1/n7)*ad1
+disp(ad7,'angular displacement in gear 7 in rad (clockwise)')
+av6=20//angular velocity of gear 6 is 20 rad/sec
+av1=(n6/n1)*av6
+disp(av1,'angular velocity of gear 1 in rad/sec; (clockwise)')
+av3=(n6/n3)*av6
+disp(av3,'angular velocity of gear 3 in rad/sec; (clockwise)')
+t1=10//torque on gear 1 is 10 N-m
+t3=(n3/n1)*t1
+disp(t3,'torque in gear 3 in N-m')
+t7=(n7/n1)*t1
+disp(t7,'torque in gear 7 in N-m')
diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sci b/3885/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43906e3c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sci @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 3.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=%s
+p=poly([4],'s','coeff')
+q=poly([0 5 1],'s','coeff')
+g=p./q
+disp(g,'the given transfer function is')
+c=g/(1+g)
+disp(c,'the closed loop transfer function is')
+u=c/s
+disp(u,'the in put is unit step signal')
diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.xcos b/3885/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.xcos new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69d8064a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.xcos @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" ?> +<XcosDiagram debugLevel="0" finalIntegrationTime="30.0" integratorAbsoluteTolerance="1.0E-6" integratorRelativeTolerance="1.0E-6" toleranceOnTime="1.0E-10" maxIntegrationTimeInterval="100001.0" maximumStepSize="0.0" realTimeScaling="0.0" solver="1.0" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title="Ex3_1"><!--Xcos - 2.0 - scilab-6.0.0 - 20170214 1426--> + <Array as="context" scilabClass="String[]"></Array> + <mxGraphModel as="model"> + <root> + <mxCell id="0:1:0"/> + <mxCell id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> + <BasicBlock id="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7ff5" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="CLR" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="1" simulationFunctionName="csslti4" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style="CLR"> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="2" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="4"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="s*(s+5)"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="9"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="-0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="2" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="3" realPart="-5.0"/> + <data line="0" column="4" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="5" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="6" realPart="4.0"/> + <data line="0" column="7" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="8" realPart="0.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="1" 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scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="366.5" y="116.5" width="7.0" height="7.0"/> + </SplitBlock> + <ExplicitInputPort id="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd8" parent="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd9" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="-1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitInputPort;align=left;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0"/> + <ExplicitOutputPort id="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd7" parent="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd9" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="-1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitOutputPort;align=right;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0"/> + <ExplicitOutputPort id="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd6" parent="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd9" ordering="2" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="-1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitOutputPort;align=right;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0"/> + <ExplicitOutputPort id="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd5" parent="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd9" ordering="3" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" 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id="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fda" parent="0:2:0" source="3820b65e:15fe277c764:-7fd6" target="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7fee" style="ExplicitLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="-4.0" y="40.0"/> + <Array as="points"> + <mxPoint x="150.0" y="130.0"/> + <mxPoint x="130.0" y="130.0"/> + <mxPoint x="140.0" y="250.0"/> + <mxPoint x="370.0" y="260.0"/> + <mxPoint x="370.0" y="120.0"/> + </Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </ExplicitLink> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + <mxCell as="defaultParent" id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> +</XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sci b/3885/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0af5261eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sci @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 3.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=%s
+p=poly([100],'s','coeff')
+q=poly([0 2 1],'s','coeff')
+h=poly([1 0.1 0 ],'s','coeff')
+g=p./q
+disp(g,'the given transfer function is')
+c=g/(1+(g*h))
+disp(c,'the closed loop transfer function is')
+u=c/s
+disp(u,'the in put is unit step signal')
diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.xcos b/3885/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.xcos new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8709b952c --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.xcos @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" ?> +<XcosDiagram debugLevel="0" finalIntegrationTime="30.0" integratorAbsoluteTolerance="1.0E-6" integratorRelativeTolerance="1.0E-6" toleranceOnTime="1.0E-10" maxIntegrationTimeInterval="100001.0" maximumStepSize="0.0" realTimeScaling="0.0" solver="1.0" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title="Ex3_2"><!--Xcos - 2.0 - scilab-6.0.0 - 20170214 1426--> + <Array as="context" scilabClass="String[]"></Array> + <mxGraphModel as="model"> + <root> + <mxCell id="0:1:0"/> + <mxCell id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> + <BasicBlock id="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7fb6" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="CLR" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="1" simulationFunctionName="csslti4" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style="CLR"> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="2" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="100"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="s^2+12*s+100"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="9"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="-100.0"/> + <data line="0" column="2" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="3" realPart="-12.0"/> + <data line="0" column="4" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="5" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="6" realPart="100.0"/> + <data line="0" column="7" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="8" realPart="0.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" 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blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="csuper" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="STEP_FUNCTION"> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="85.0" y="85.0" width="40.0" height="40.0"/> + <SuperBlockDiagram as="child" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title=""> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGraphModel as="model"> + <root> + <mxCell id="3ae06065:15fd4914b85:-7fad"/> + <mxCell id="3ae06065:15fd4914b86:-7fad" parent="3ae06065:15fd4914b85:-7fad"/> + <BasicBlock id="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7fa1" parent="3ae06065:15fd4914b86:-7fad" interfaceFunctionName="STEP" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="step_func" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style=""> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="3" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="0"/> + <data line="2" column="0" value="40"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="2"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="40.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" 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interfaceFunctionName="OUT_f" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="output" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style=""> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="1" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabInteger as="integerParameters" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="80.0" y="10.0" width="20.0" height="20.0"/> + </ExplicitOutBlock> + <ExplicitInputPort id="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7f9c" parent="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7f9d" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="-2" dataLines="-1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitInputPort;align=left;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0"/> + <ExplicitLink id="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7f9b" parent="3ae06065:15fd4914b86:-7fad" source="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7fa0" target="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7f9c" style="ExplicitLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </ExplicitLink> + <CommandControlLink id="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7f9a" parent="3ae06065:15fd4914b86:-7fad" source="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7f9e" target="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7f9f" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array 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target="3ae06065:15fd4914b84:-7fa8" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + <mxCell as="defaultParent" id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> +</XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sci b/3885/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8570f5e49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sci @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 3.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+// the input is unit step signal
+h=syslin('c', 600/(s^2+70*s+600))//the closed loop transfer function
+disp(h,'the closed loop transfer function')
+//standard form od second order system is w^2/s^2+2*zeta*w*s+w^2
+//compaing h with the standard form
+w=sqrt(600)//natural frequency of oscillation
+disp(w,'natural frequency of oscillation in rad/sec')
+zeta=70/(2*w)//damping ratio
+disp(zeta,'damping ratio')
diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sci b/3885/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c973cba99 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sci @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 3.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+// the input is unit step signal
+h=syslin('c',100/(s^2+10*s+100))//the value of k is 100
+k=100
+zeta=0.5//given damping ratio
+disp(k,'the value of k is')
+disp(h,'the closed loop transfer function')
+//standard form od second order system is w^2/s^2+2*zeta*w*s+w^2
+//compaing h with the standard form
+w=sqrt(k)//natural frequency of oscillation
+disp(w,'natural frequency of oscillation in rad/sec')
+mp=exp((-zeta*%pi)/sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))*100//percentage peak overshoot
+disp(mp,'percentage peak overshoot in percentage')
+tp=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))
+disp(tp,'peak time in seconds')
diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sci b/3885/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08434469b --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sci @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 3.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+// the input is unit step signal
+h=syslin('c',16/(s^2+4*s+16))//the value of k is 0.2
+zeta=0.5//given damping ratio
+disp(h,'the closed loop transfer function')
+//standard form od second order system is w^2/s^2+2*zeta*w*s+w^2
+//compaing h with the standard form
+w=4//natural frequency of oscillation
+disp(w,'natural frequency of oscillation in rad/sec')
+k=(2*zeta*w-(0.8))/16
+disp(k,'the value of k is')
+mp=exp((-zeta*%pi)/sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))*100//percentage peak overshoot
+disp(mp,'percentage peak overshoot in percentage')
+tp=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))
+disp(tp,'peak time in seconds')
+//constructing a right angle triangle with zeta and sqrt(1-zeta^2)
+theta=atan(0.866/0.5)//(1-zeta^2)/zeta
+disp(theta,'the value of theta is')
+tr=(%pi- theta)/(w*sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))
+disp(tr,'the rise time in seconds')
+t=1/(zeta*w)//time constant
+ts1=3*t//settling time for 5% error
+disp(ts1,'settling time for 5% error in seconds')
+ts2=4*t//settling time for 2% error
+disp(ts2,'settling time for 2% error in seconds')
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sci b/3885/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7eb252a33 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sci @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 3.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=%s
+p=poly([1 0.4 0 ],'s','coeff')
+q=poly([0 0.6 1],'s','coeff')
+g=p./q
+disp(g,'the given transfer function is')
+c=g/(1+g)
+disp(c,'the closed loop transfer function is')
+u=c/s
+disp(u,'the in put is unit step signal')
+//standard form od second order system is w^2/s^2+2*zeta*w*s+w^2
+//compaing h with the standard form
+w=1//natural frequency of oscillation
+disp(w,'natural frequency of oscillation in rad/sec')
+zeta=1/(2*w)
+disp(zeta,'the damping ratio is')
+mp=exp((-zeta*%pi)/sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))*100//percentage peak overshoot
+disp(mp,'percentage peak overshoot in percentage')
+tp=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))
+disp(tp,'peak time in seconds')
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3885/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sci b/3885/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b421b145 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sci @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 3.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+// the input is 12 unit step signal
+h=syslin('c',10/(s^2+2*s+10))
+disp(h,'the closed loop transfer function')
+//standard form od second order system is w^2/s^2+2*zeta*w*s+w^2
+//compaing h with the standard form
+w=3.162//natural frequency of oscillation
+disp(w,'natural frequency of oscillation in rad/sec')
+zeta=2/(2*w)
+disp(zeta,' damping ratio is')
+mp=exp((-zeta*%pi)/sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))*100//percentage peak overshoot
+disp(mp,'percentage peak overshoot in percentage')
+po=(mp/100)*12//peak over shoot for 12 units
+disp(po,'peak over shoot for 12 units')
+tp=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))
+disp(tp,'peak time in seconds')
+//constructing a right angle triangle with zeta and sqrt(1-zeta^2)
+theta=atan(0.866/0.5)//(1-zeta^2)/zeta
+disp(theta,'the value of theta is')
+tr=(%pi- theta)/(w*sqrt(1-(zeta)^2))
+disp(tr,'the rise time in seconds')
+t=1/(zeta*w)//time constant
+ts1=3*t//settling time for 5% error
+disp(ts1,'settling time for 5% error in seconds')
+ts2=4*t//settling time for 2% error
+disp(ts2,'settling time for 2% error in seconds')
diff --git a/3885/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3885/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..391fddcc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A +//Edition 3 +//Year of publication 2015 +//Scilab version 6.0.0 +//operating systems windows 10 +// Example 4.1 +clc; +clear; +s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable +h=syslin('c',(s^2)/((1+0.2*s)*(1+0.02*s)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h .Assume the value of K as 1 +scf(1) +bode(h,0.1,100)//frequency range +show_margins(h) +//calculation of system gain K +K=10^(-28/20)//value of K is calculated by equating 20logK to -28db +disp(K,'the value of gain') diff --git a/3885/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3885/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a308fe880 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A +//Edition 3 +//Year of publication 2015 +//Scilab version 6.0.0 +//operating systems windows 10 +// Example 4.2 +clc; +clear; +s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable +h=syslin('c',(75*(1+0.2*s))/(s*(s^2+16*s+100)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h +scf(1) +bode(h,0.1,100)//frequency range +show_margins(h) +a=g_margin(h) +b=p_margin(h) +disp(a,b,'the gain margin and phase margin are') diff --git a/3885/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3885/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cabb1b9ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 4.3
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(%e*(0.2*s)/(s*(s+2)*(s+8))))//the given transfer function assiganed to variable h assume K=1
+scf(1)
+bode(h,0.1,100)//frequency range
+show_margins(h)
+//calculation of K
+K1=10^(30/20)
+disp(K1 ,'when gain margin =2db ' )
+K2=10^(24/20)
+disp(K2,'the value of K when phase margin is 45')
diff --git a/3885/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3885/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2e71f434 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A +//Edition 3 +//Year of publication 2015 +//Scilab version 6.0.0 +//operating systems windows 10 +// Example 4.4 +clc; +clear; +s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable +h=syslin('c',(10)/(s*(1+0.4*s)*(1+0.1*s)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h +scf(1) +bode(h,0.1,100)//frequency range +show_margins(h) + diff --git a/3885/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3885/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a0abd24a --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A +//Edition 3 +//Year of publication 2015 +//Scilab version 6.0.0 +//operating systems windows 10 +// Example 4.5 +clc; +clear; +s=poly(0,'s')////defines s as poly nomial variable +h=syslin('c',(20)/(s*(1+3*s)*(1+4*s)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h +scf() +bode(h,0.1,100) +show_margins(h) +//calculation of gain cross over frequency +disp('from the plot the value of gain cross over frequency is :1.1rad/sec') diff --git a/3885/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3885/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df075b610 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A +//Edition 3 +//Year of publication 2015 +//Scilab version 6.0.0 +//operating systems windows 10 +// Example 4.6 +clc; +clear; +s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable +h=syslin('c',(5*(1+2*s))/(1+4*s)*(4+0.25*s))//the given transfer function assigned to variablr h +scf(1) +bode(h,0.1,100)//frequency range +show_margins(h) diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15a526685 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(s^4)+(8*s^3)+(18*s^2)+(16*s)+5
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+disp('since there is no sign change the system is stable')
+disp('all the four roots lie left half of the s plane')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c670d7cf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//the close loop tranfer function is K(1-s)/s*(s^2+5s+9)+K(1-s)
+a=(s^3)+(5*s^2)+(8*s)+1//the charater stic equation is assuming K=1
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+disp('the valus of K lies between 0 to7.5 for the system to be stable')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..342823134 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(230/(s*(s+2)*(s+10))))//the value of K lies between 0 to 240 .the given transfer function assigned to variable h
+nyquist(h)
+show_margins(h,'nyquist')
+//calculation of K
+//when -0.00417K=-1the contour passes through -1+j0 and the corrospondig value of K is the limiting value of k for stabilty
+K=1/0.00417
+disp(K,'the value of K is')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc9317727 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(0.6*(1+s)^2/(s^3)))//the system is stable for K vlaue greater than 0.5. the given transfer function assigned to variable h
+scf()
+nyquist(h)
+show_margins(h,'nyquist')
+//when K>0.5 -1+j0 is encircled in both clockwise and anticlockwise direction one time. so the system is stable
+disp('the system is stable for K vlaue greater than 0.5.')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4eef5eed --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(1+4*s)/(s*(1+s)*(1+2*s)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h
+scf()
+nyquist(h)
+show_margins(h,'nyquist')
+disp('the closed loop system is unstable ')
+disp('two poles of closed loop system are lying on right half of s plane')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25d98515e --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sci @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.16
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(7*(1+0.5*s)*(1+s)/(1+10*s)*(s-1)))//system is stable for K>6.....the given transfer function assigned to variable h
+scf()
+nyquist(h)
+show_margins(h,'nyquist')
+//calculation of K
+//when -0.01667K=-1the contur passes through -1=j0and the corrospong value of K is the limiting value of k for stabilty
+K=1/0.1667
+disp(K,'the value of K is')
+disp('the open loop system is unstable')
+disp('for stability of closed loop system K>6')
+
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3eb81997a --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sci @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.17
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(5/(s*(1-s))))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h
+scf()
+nyquist(h)
+show_margins(h,'nyquist')
+disp('both open loop and closed loop system are unstable)
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5327b765 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.28
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(s+2)/(s+1)*(s-1))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h
+scf()
+nyquist(h)
+show_margins(h,'nyquist')
+disp('open loop system is unstable')
+disp('closed loop system is stable;' )
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e9f4d97c --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sci @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(s^6)+(2*s^5)+(8*s^4)+(12*s^3)+(20*s^2)+(16*s)+16
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+ap=s^4+6*s^2+8
+r=roots(ap)
+disp(r,'the roots of auxilary polynomial;')
+disp('the system is marginally stable;')
+disp('four roots lying in imaginary axis ;')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a411018c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sci @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.22
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+G=syslin('c',(1/(s*(s^2+4*s+13))))//the given transfer function assigned to variable G assume K=1
+scf()
+evans(G)
+//calculation of K
+disp('the characterstic equation is given by : s^2+4*s^2+13*s+K')
+//put s=jw and equate real and imaginary parts
+//K=4*w^2
+K=4*13
+disp(K,'the value of K is ')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..feea17484 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sci @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.23
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(48/(s*(s+2)*(s+4))))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h assume K=1
+scf()
+evans(h)
+//calculation of K
+disp('the characterstic equation is given by : s^3+6*s^2+8*s+K')
+//put s=jw and equate real and imaginary parts
+//K=4*w^2
+K=6*8
+disp(K,'the value of K is ')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91800d858 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sci @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.24
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(s+9)/(s*(s^2+4*s+11)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h assume K=1
+scf()
+evans(h)
+//the characterstic equation is (s^3+4s^2+11s)+Ks+9K
+//put s=jw and equating real and imaginary parts to calculate K
+K=(4*(4.4)^2)/9//the value of w is 4.4
+disp(K,'the value of K is;')
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3c7eb9d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(1/(s*(s+4)*(s^2+4*s+20))))// the given transfer function assigned to variable h assume K=1
+scf()
+evans(h)
+//the characterstic equation is (s^4+8s^3+36s^2+80s)+K
+//put s=jw and equating real and imaginary parts to calculate K
+K=-(3.2)^4+36*(3.2)^2//the value of w is 3.2
+disp(K,'yhe value of K is;')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8e13f3b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.26
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(s+15)/(s*(s+1)*(s+5)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h assume K=1
+scf()
+evans(h)
+//the characterstic equation is (s^3+6s^2+5s)+Ks+15K
+//put s=jw and equating real and imaginary parts to calculate K
+K=30/(-4.5)
+disp(K,'yhe value of K is;')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36f588de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sci @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.27
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+K=poly(0,'K')
+h=syslin('c',(s^2+6*s+25)/(s*(s+1)*(s+2)))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h assume K=1
+scf()
+evans(h)
+//the characterstic equation is (s^3+(3+K)s^2+(2+6K)s)25K
+//put s=jw and equating real and imaginary parts to calculate K
+a=roots((-6*K^2)+5*K-6)
+disp(a,'the value of K is')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64e45a9dd --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.28
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')//defines s as poly nomial variable
+h=syslin('c',(1/(s*(s^2+6*s+10))))//the given transfer function assigned to variable h assume K=1
+scf()
+evans(h)
+//the characterstic equation is (s^3+6s^2+10s)+K
+//put s=jw and equating real and imaginary parts to calculate K
+K=6*(3.2)^2//the valuw of w is 3.2
+disp(K,'the value of K is ')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b295151fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(s^5)+(s^4)+(2*s^3)+(2*s^2)+(3*s)+5
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+disp('the system is unstable')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..972e7e18d --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(9*s^5)-(20*s^4)+(10*s^3)-(s^2)-(9*s)-10
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+disp('there are 3 sign changes in first column of routh array ')
+disp('three roots lie on right side of s plane so the system is unstable')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78c85847f --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sci @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(s^7)+(9*s^6)+(24*s^5)+(24*s^4)+(24*s^3)+(24*s^2)+(23*s)+15
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+disp('there is sign change in first column of routh array so ths system is unstable;')
+ae=s^4+s^2+1
+r=roots(ae)
+disp(r,'the roots of auxilary equation are')
+disp('two roots lie on right half of splane five roots lie on left half of s plane')
+
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5134347f --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sci @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(s^7)+(5*s^6)+(9*s^5)+(9*s^4)+(4*s^3)+(20*s^2)+(36*s)+36
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+//divide characterstic equation by auxilary polynomial to get quotient polynomial
+//routh table for quotient poly nomial
+a1=(s^3)+(5*s^2)+(9*s)+9 //quotient poly nomial
+b1=coeff(a1)
+n1=length(b1)
+R1=routh_t(a1)
+disp(R1,'the routh array for quotient poly nomial is;')
+ap=s^4+4 //auxillary polynomial
+r=roots(ap)
+disp(r,'the roots are')
+disp('the system is unstable')
+disp('two roots on right half of s plane and five roots lie in left half of s plane')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6111bfe21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sci @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(s^5)+(4*s^4)+(8*s^3)+(8*s^2)+(7*s)+4
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+ap=s^2+1
+r=roots(ap)
+disp(r,'the roots are')
+disp ('the roots of auxillary equation are in imagianry axis so the system is marginally stable')
+disp('three roots lie in left half of s plane')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9de51e2a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sci @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.8
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+a=(s^6)+(s^5)+(3*s^4)+(3*s^3)+(3*s^2)+(2*s)+1
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+//characterstic polynomial can be expressed as product of auxillary polynomial and quotient polynomial
+//divide characterstic equation by auxilary polynomial to get quotient polynomial
+//routh table for quotient poly nomial
+a1=(s^4)+(s^3)+(2*s^2)+(2*s)+1 //quotient poly nomial
+b1=coeff(a1)
+n1=length(b1)
+R1=routh_t(a1)
+disp(R1,'the routh array for quotient poly nomial is;')
+ap=s^2+1
+r=roots(ap)
+disp(r,'the roots are')
+disp('the system is unstable')
+disp('two roota on imaginary axis ,two roots on right half of s plane and two roots lie in left half of s plane')
diff --git a/3885/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sci b/3885/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9b5660bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sci @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 5.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//the close loop tranfer function is K/s*(s+1)*(s+2)+K
+a=(s^3)+(3*s^2)+(2*s)+1//the characterstic equation assuming K=1
+b=coeff(a)
+n=length(b)
+R=routh_t(a)
+disp(R,'the routh array is;')
+disp('the valus of K lies between 0 to6 for the system to be stable')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a11b65857 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sci @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//calculation of gain K
+//for ramp input ess(steady state error ) is0.2
+ess=0.2
+kv=1/ess
+// open loop transfer function G(s)=K/s*(1+2*s)
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in G(s)
+disp('the value of K is 5;')
+h=syslin('c',5/(s*(1+2*s)))
+bode(h)
+show_margins(h)
+xtitle("uncompensated system")
+//from the plot the phase margin of uncompensated system is 18
+//but the system requires phase margin of 40 so lag compensation required
+pm=45//choose PM of compensated system is 45 degree
+phigcn=45-180// phase of G(s) at new gain cross over frequency
+wgcn=0.5//the frequency corrosponding to phase of -135 is 0.5 rad/sec
+agcn=20//db magnitude at wgcn
+//20log betaa=20
+betaa=10^(agcn/20)
+disp(betaa,'the value for betaa is')
+zc=wgcn/10//zero of lag compensator
+t=10/wgcn
+disp(t,'the value for t is')
+pc=1/(betaa*t)
+disp(pc,'pole of lag compensator is')
+//transfer function of lag compensation is (s+1/t)/(s+1/betaa*t))
+hc=syslin('c', (10*(1+20*s))/(1+200*s))
+disp(hc,'the transfer function of lag compensator is;')
+//open loop transfer function of compensated system is h*hc
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'open loop transfer function of compensated system is')
+figure()
+bode(hcmp)
+show_margins(hcmp)
+xtitle("compensated system")
+
+
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d6ae51eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sci @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//given tranfer function g(s)=10/(s*(1+2*s)*(1+s))
+h=syslin('c',10/(s*(1+2*s)*(1+s)))
+pm=30//given phase margin
+w=6.2//given gain cross over frequency in rad/sec
+//put s=jw in G(s) magnitude of G(jw) gives A1 and angle of G(jw) gives phi1 at w
+A1=2.052
+phi=-207.5//in degrees
+theta=30-(-27.5)//desired pm -pm of uncompensated system
+kd=sind(theta)/w*A1//derivative constant
+kp=cosd(theta)/A1//proportional constant
+disp(kd,kp,'the values of derivative constant and proportional constant are')
+//transfer function of PD controller is (kp+kd*s)
+hc=syslin('c', s*((0.343/s)+0.262))
+disp(hc,'the transfer function of PD controller is')
+hcmp=syslin('c', h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'the transfer function of compensated system is')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b76533c30 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sci @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//given tranfer function g(s)=100/(s+1)*(s+2)*(s+5)
+h=syslin('c',100/(s+1)*(s+2)*(s+5))
+pm=60//given phase margin
+w=0.5//given gain cross over frequency in rad/sec
+//put s=jw in G(s) magnitude of G(jw) gives A1 and angle of G(jw) gives phi1 at w
+A1=8.63
+phi=-46//in degrees
+theta=pm-134//desired pm -pm of uncompensated system
+ki=(-w)*sind(theta)/A1//integral constant
+kp=cosd(theta)/A1//proportional constant
+disp(ki,kp,'the values of integral constant and proportional constant are')
+//transfer function of PI controller is (kp+ki/s)
+hc=syslin('c', 0.056*(1+0.57*s)/s)
+disp(hc,'the transfer function of PD controller is')
+hcmp=syslin('c', h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'the transfer function of compensated system is')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71b989efc --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sci @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//given tranfer function g(s)=100/(s+1)*(s+2)*(s+10)
+h=syslin('c',100/(s+1)*(s+2)*(s+10))
+pm=45//given phase margin
+w=4//given gain cross over frequency in rad/sec
+//put s=jw in G(s) magnitude of G(jw) gives A1 and angle of G(jw) gives phi1 at w
+A1=0.5
+phi=-161//in degrees
+theta=pm-19//desired pm -pm of uncompensated system
+ess=0.1//steady state error for ramp input
+kv=1/ess//velocity errpr constant
+//the transfer function of PID controller is Gc(s)=kp+kd*s+ki/s
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying s=0 in S*Gc(s)*G(s)
+ki=2//integeral constant
+disp(ki,'the value of integral constant')
+kd=((sind(theta)/(w*A1))+(ki/w^2))//derivative constant
+kp=cosd(theta)/A1//proportional constant
+disp(kd,kp,'the values of proportional constant and derivative constant are')
+hc=syslin('c',0.344*(s^2+5.23*s+5.81)/s)
+disp(hc,'the transfer function of PID controller is')
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'the transfer function of compensated system is')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1257acc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sci @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//dominent pole sd=-zeta*w=%i*w*sqrt(1-zeta^2)
+zeta=0.8//damping ratio
+w=2//natural frequency of osciilation in rad/sec
+sd=(-zeta*w)+((%i*w)*sqrt(1-zeta^2))
+disp(sd,'the dominennt pole is')
+d=abs(sd)
+disp(d,'the value of d is ')
+betaa=phasemag(sd)
+disp(betaa,'the value of betaa is;')
+h=syslin('c',20/s*(s+2)*(s+4))//given tranfer function G(s)
+//find magnitude and phase of G(s) at s=sd
+a=20/(sd*(2+sd)*(4+sd))
+ad=abs(a)
+disp(ad,'the value of ad is')
+phid=phasemag(a)
+disp(phid,'the value of phid is')
+kd=sind(phid)/(d*ad*sind(betaa))//derivative constant
+disp(kd,'the derivative constant is')
+kp=(-sind(betaa+phid))/(ad*sind(betaa))//proportional constant
+disp(kp,'the integral constant is')
+hc=syslin('c', s*((0.243/s)+0.557))//transfer function of PD controller is kpof +kd*s
+disp(hc,'transfer function of PD controller is')
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)//transfer function compensated system
+disp(hcmp,'transfer function compensated system ')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f1088532 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sci @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//dominent pole sd=-zeta*w=%i*w*sqrt(1-zeta^2)
+zeta=0.9//damping ratio
+w=2.5//natural frequency of osciilation in rad/sec
+sd=(-zeta*w)+((%i*w)*sqrt(1-zeta^2))
+disp(sd,'the dominennt pole is')
+d=abs(sd)
+disp(d,'the value of d is ')
+betaa=phasemag(sd)
+disp(betaa,'the value of betaa is;')
+h=syslin('c',4/(s+1)*(s+5))//given tranfer function G(s)
+//find magnitude and phase of G(s) at s=sd
+a=4/((1+sd)*(5+sd))
+ad=abs(a)
+disp(ad,'the value of ad is')
+phid=phasemag(a)
+disp(phid,'the value of phid is')
+ki=-(d*sind(phid))/(ad*sind(betaa))//integral constant
+disp(ki,'the integral constant is')
+kp=(-sind(betaa+phid))/(ad*sind(betaa))-(2*ki*cosd(betaa))/d //proportional constant
+disp(kp,'the proportional constant is')
+hc=syslin('c', 2.02*(s+1.19)/s)//transfer function of PD controller is kpof +kd*s
+disp(hc,'transfer function of PI controller is')
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)//transfer function compensated system
+disp(hcmp,'transfer function compensated system ')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b0933b5f --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sci @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//dominent pole sd=-zeta*w=%i*w*sqrt(1-zeta^2)
+zeta=0.8//damping ratio
+w=2.5//natural frequency of osciilation in rad/sec
+sd=(-zeta*w)+((%i*w)*sqrt(1-zeta^2))
+disp(sd,'the dominennt pole is')
+d=abs(sd)
+disp(d,'the value of d is ')
+betaa=phasemag(sd)
+disp(betaa,'the value of betaa is;')
+h=syslin('c',75/(s+1)*(s+3)*(s+8))//given tranfer function G(s)
+//find magnitude and phase of G(s) at s=sd
+a=75/((1+sd)*(3+sd)*(8+sd))
+ad=abs(a)
+disp(ad,'the value of ad is')
+phid=phasemag(a)
+disp(phid,'the value of phid is')
+ess=0.08//steady state error
+kv=1/ess//velocity error constant
+//the transfer function of PID controller is Gc(s)=kp+kd*s+ki/s
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying s=0 in S*Gc(s)*G(s)
+ki=12.5/3.125//integeral constant
+kd=sind(phid)/(d*ad*sind(betaa))+(ki/(d^2)) //derivative constant
+disp(kd,'the derivative constant is')
+kp=(-sind(betaa+phid))/(ad*sind(betaa))-(2*ki*cosd(betaa))/d //proportional constant
+disp(kp,'the proportional constant is')
+hc=syslin('c', 0.68*(s^2+4.26*s+5.88)/s)//transfer function of PID controller is kpof +kd*s
+disp(hc,'transfer function of PI controller is')
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)//transfer function compensated system
+disp(hcmp,'transfer function compensated system ')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3885/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a413259da --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//calculation of gain K
+kv=30//velocity error constant is 30sec^-1
+// open loop transfer function G(s)=K/s*(s+4)*(s+80)
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in G(s)
+disp('the value of K is 9600;')
+h=syslin('c',9600/(s*(s+4)*(s+80)))
+bode(h)
+show_margins(h)
+xtitle("uncompensated system")
+//from the plot the phase margin of uncompensated system is 12
+//but the system requires phase margin of 33 so lag compensation required
+pm=38//choose PM of compensated system is 38 degree
+phigcn=38-180// phase of G(s) at new gain cross over frequency
+wgcn=4.7//the frequency corrosponding to phase of -142 is 4.7 rad/sec
+agcn=16//db magnitude at wgcn
+//20log betaa=16
+betaa=10^(agcn/20)
+disp(betaa,'the value for betaa is')
+zc=wgcn/10//zero of lag compensator
+t=10/wgcn
+disp(t,'the value for t is')
+pc=1/(betaa*t)
+disp(pc,'pole of lag compensator is')
+//transfer function of lag compensation is (s+1/t)/(s+1/betaa*t))
+hc=syslin('c', (6.3*(1+2.13*s))/(1+13.419*s))
+disp(hc,'the transfer function of lag compensator is;')
+//open loop transfer function of compensated system is h*hc
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'open loop transfer function of compensated system is')
+figure()
+bode(hcmp)
+show_margins(hcmp)
+xtitle("compensated system")
+
+
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..331501dd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sci @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+K=20//the value of K
+h=syslin('c',20/(s*(s+2)*(s+8)))
+evans(h)
+xtitle("uncompensated system")
+//given ramp input ess(steady state error ) is0.125
+ess=0.125
+kvd=1/ess//desired velocity error constant
+// transfer function of un compessated system G(s)=20/s*(s+2)*(s+8)
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in G(s)
+kvu=1.25
+disp(kvu,'The velocity error constant of un compensated system is')
+disp(kvd,'desired velocity error constant')
+A=kvd/kvu//A is the factor by which velocity error constant increases
+betaa=A*1.2
+disp(betaa,'the value of betaa is')
+zc=0.1*(-2)//zero of lag compensator=0.1* second pole
+t=(-1/zc)
+disp(t,'the value for t is')
+pc=(-1)/(betaa*t)//pole of lag compensator
+//transfer function of lag compensation is (s+1/t)/(s+1/betaa*t))
+hc=syslin('c',(s+0.2*s)/(s+0.026*s))
+disp(hc,'transfer function of lag compensation is')
+//open loop transfer function of compensated system is h*hc
+hcmp=syslin('c', h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'open loop transfer function of compensated system is')
+figure()
+evans(hcmp)
+xtitle("compensated system")
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in hcmp
+kvc=9.165//velocity error constant of compensated system
+essc=1/kvc//steady state error for compensated system
+disp(essc,'steady state error for compensated system')
+disp('since the steady state error of compensated system is less than 0.125 the design is acceptable')
+
+
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c67536baf --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sci @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+K=240//the value of K
+h=syslin('c',240/(s*(s+10)^2))
+evans(h)
+xtitle("uncompensated system")
+kvd=20//given desired velocity error constant
+// transfer function of un compessated system G(s)=20/s*(s+2)*(s+8)
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in G(s)
+kvu=2.4
+disp(kvu,'The velocity error constant of un compensated system is')
+disp(kvd,'desired velocity error constant')
+A=kvd/kvu//A is the factor by which velocity error constant increases
+betaa=A*1.2
+disp(betaa,'the value of betaa is')
+zc=0.1*(-10)//zero of lag compensator=0.1* second pole
+t=(-1/zc)
+disp(t,'the value for t is')
+pc=(-1)/(betaa*t)//pole of lag compensator
+//transfer function of lag compensation is (s+1/t)/(s+1/betaa*t))
+hc=syslin('c',(s+1)/(s+0.1))
+disp(hc,'transfer function of lag compensation is')
+//open loop transfer function of compensated system is h*hc
+hcmp=syslin('c', h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'open loop transfer function of compensated system is')
+figure()
+evans(hcmp)
+xtitle("compensated system")
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in hcmp
+kvc=24//velocity error constant of compensated system
+disp('since the velocity error constant of compensated system is greater than specified value the design is acceptable')
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..caff6d671 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sci @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//calculation of gain K
+//given for ramp input ess(steady state error ) is 1/15
+ess=1/15
+kv=1/ess
+// open loop transfer function G(s)=K/s*(s+1)
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in G(s)
+disp('the value of K is 15;')
+h=syslin('c',15/(s*(s+1)))
+bode(h)
+show_margins(h)
+xtitle("uncompensated system")
+//from the plot the phase margin of uncompensated system is 13
+//but the system requires phase margin of 45 so lead compensation required
+pm=45//choose PM of compensated system is 45 degree
+phim=37//maximum lead angle
+alpha=(1-(sind(phim)))/(1+(sind(phim)))
+disp(alpha,'the vale of alpha is')
+wmdb=-20*log(1/sqrt(alpha))////db magnitude
+wm=5.6//from the bode plot of uncompensated system the frequency wm corrosponding to db gain of -6db is 5.6rad/sec
+t=1/(wm*sqrt(alpha))
+disp(t,'the value of t is')
+//transfer function of lead compensator is (s+1/t)/(s+1/alpha*t)
+hc=syslin('c',(0.25*(1+0.36*s))/(1+0.09*s))
+disp(hc,' transfer function of lead compensator is')
+//open loop transfer function of compensated system is h*hc
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'open loop transfer function of compensated system is ')
+figure()
+bode(hcmp)
+show_margins(hcmp)
+xtitle("compensated system")
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40a0f476d --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sci @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//calculation of gain K
+kv=50//given velocity error constant
+// open loop transfer function G(s)=K/s*(s+1)(s+5)
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in G(s)
+disp('the value of K is 250;')
+h=syslin('c',250/(s*(s+1)*(s+5)))
+bode(h)
+show_margins(h)
+xtitle("uncompensated system")
+//from the plot the phase margin of uncompensated system is -44
+//but the system requires phase margin of 20 so lead compensation required
+pm=20//choose PM of compensated system is 20 degree
+//since the lead angle required is greater than 60 we have to realise lead compensator as cascade of two compensators with each compensator providing half of required phase
+phim=69/2//maximum lead angle
+alpha=(1-sind(phim))/(1+sind(phim))
+disp(alpha,'the vale of alpha is')
+wmdb=-20*log(1/sqrt(alpha))////db magnitude
+wm=7.8//from the bode plot of uncompensated system the frequency wm corrosponding to db gain of -6db is 5.6rad/sec
+t=1/(wm*sqrt(alpha))
+disp(t,'the value of t is')
+//transfer function of lead compensator is (s+1/t)/(s+1/alpha*t)
+hc=syslin('c',(0.0784*(1+0.024*s)^2)/(1+0.067*s)^2)
+disp(hc,' transfer function of lead compensator is')
+//open loop transfer function of compensated system is h*hc
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc)
+disp(hcmp,'open loop transfer function of compensated system is ')
+figure()
+bode(hcmp)
+show_margins(hcmp)
+xtitle("compensated system")
diff --git a/3885/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sci b/3885/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4e38f2cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sci @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 6.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=poly(0,'s')
+//calculation of gain K
+kv=80//given velocity error constant
+// open loop transfer function G(s)=K/s*(s+3)(s+6)
+//by definition of velocity error constant applying limit s=0 in G(s)
+disp('the value of K is 1440;')
+h=syslin('c',1440/(s*(s+3)*(s+6)))
+bode(h)
+show_margins(h)
+xtitle("uncompensated system")
+//from the plot the phase margin of uncompensated system is -46
+pm=40//choose PM of compensated system is 40 degree
+phigcn=40-180// phase of G(s) at new gain cross over frequency
+wgcn=1.8//the frequency corrosponding to phase of -140 is 1.8 rad/sec
+wgcl=4//choose gain cross over frequency of lag compensator as 4rad/sec
+agcl=23//db magnitude at egcl is 23db
+//agcl=20log*betaa
+betaa=10^(agcl/20)
+disp(betaa,'the value of betaa is')
+zc1=wgcl/10//zero of lag compensator
+t1=10/wgcl
+disp(t1,'the value of t1 is ')
+pc1=1/(betaa*t1)
+disp(pc1,'pole of lag compensator is')
+//transfer function of lag section is (betaa*1+st1)/(1+s*betaa*t1)
+hc1=syslin('c',(14*(1+2.5*s))/(1+35*s))
+disp(hc1,'transfer function of lag section')
+alpha=1/betaa
+disp(alpha,'the value of alpha is')
+wmdb=-20*log(1/sqrt(alpha))////db magnitude
+wm=17//from the bode plot of uncompensated system the frequency wm corrosponding to db gain of -12db is 17rad/sec
+t2=1/(wm*sqrt(alpha))
+//transfer function of lead section is (alpha*1+st2)/(1+s*alpha*t2)
+hc2=syslin('c',(0.07*(1+0.22*s))/(1+0.0154*s))
+disp(hc2,'transfer function of lead section')
+hc3=syslin('c',hc1*hc2)
+disp(hc3,'the tansfer function of lag lead compensation system is')
+//open loop transfer function of compensated system is h*hc3
+hcmp=syslin('c',h*hc3)
+disp(hcmp,'the overll transfer function of compensated system')
+figure()
+bode(hcmp)
+show_margins(hcmp)
+xtitle("compensated system")
+
diff --git a/3885/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sci b/3885/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4ed6fb6d --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sci @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 7.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=%s
+p=poly([10],'s','coeff')
+q=poly([1 2 4 1],'s','coeff')
+sm=cont_frm(p,q)
+disp(sm,'the state model in matrix form is')
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scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="335.0" y="105.0" width="40.0" height="40.0"/> + </BasicBlock> + <ExplicitInputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd1" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd2" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="-1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitInputPort;align=left;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0;rotation=0"/> + <ControlPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd0" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd2" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="ControlPort;align=center;verticalAlign=top;spacing=10.0;rotation=90"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fce" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="CLOCK_c" blockType="h" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="csuper" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="CLOCK_c"> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="335.0" y="25.0" width="40.0" height="40.0"/> + <SuperBlockDiagram as="child" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title=""> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" 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as="integerParameters" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="399.0" y="162.0" width="20.0" height="20.0"/> + </EventOutBlock> + <ControlPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbe" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbf" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style=""/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbd" 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scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="380.71066" y="172.0" width="0.3333333333333333" height="0.3333333333333333"/> + </SplitBlock> + <ControlPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb9" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fba" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style=""/> + <CommandPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb8" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fba" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style=""/> + 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id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb4" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb7" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbc" style="" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="380.71" y="172.0"/> + <Array as="points"> + <mxPoint x="380.71" y="302.0"/> + <mxPoint x="340.0" y="302.0"/> + </Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="340.0" y="277.71"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + <mxCell as="defaultParent" id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce2:-7fce"/> + </SuperBlockDiagram> + </BasicBlock> + <CommandPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcd" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fce" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="CommandPort;align=center;verticalAlign=bottom;spacing=10.0;rotation=90"/> + <ExplicitLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd3" parent="0:2:0" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd4" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe6" style="ExplicitLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="44.0" y="20.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="-4.0" y="20.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </ExplicitLink> + <ExplicitLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcf" parent="0:2:0" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe5" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd1" style="ExplicitLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="84.0" y="20.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="-4.0" y="20.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </ExplicitLink> + <CommandControlLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcc" parent="0:2:0" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcd" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd0" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="20.0" y="44.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="20.0" y="-4.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + <mxCell as="defaultParent" id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> +</XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3885/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sci b/3885/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ff584531 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sci @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 7.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=%s
+p=poly([40 10],'s','coeff')
+q=poly([0 3 4 1],'s','coeff')
+sm=cont_frm(p,q)
+disp(sm,'the state model in matrix form is')
diff --git a/3885/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.xcos b/3885/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.xcos new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c92f6bff7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.xcos @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" ?> +<XcosDiagram debugLevel="0" finalIntegrationTime="30.0" integratorAbsoluteTolerance="1.0E-6" integratorRelativeTolerance="1.0E-6" toleranceOnTime="1.0E-10" maxIntegrationTimeInterval="100001.0" maximumStepSize="0.0" realTimeScaling="0.0" solver="1.0" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title="Ex7_11"><!--Xcos - 2.0 - scilab-6.0.0 - 20170214 1426--> + <Array as="context" scilabClass="String[]"></Array> + <mxGraphModel as="model"> + <root> + <mxCell id="0:1:0"/> + <mxCell id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe7" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="CLSS" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="1" simulationFunctionName="csslti4" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style="CLSS"> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="5" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="[-4 1 0;-3 0 1;0 0 0]"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="[0;10;40]"/> + <data line="2" column="0" value="[1 0 0]"/> + <data line="3" column="0" value="0"/> + <data line="4" column="0" value="[0; 0; 1]"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="16"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="-4.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="-3.0"/> + <data line="0" column="2" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="3" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="4" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="5" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="6" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="7" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="8" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="9" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="10" realPart="10.0"/> + <data line="0" column="11" realPart="40.0"/> + <data line="0" column="12" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="13" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="14" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="15" realPart="0.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="1" width="3"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="2" realPart="1.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="180.0" y="110.0" width="80.0" height="40.0"/> + </BasicBlock> + <ExplicitInputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe6" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe7" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitInputPort;align=left;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0;rotation=0"/> + <ExplicitOutputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe5" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe7" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitOutputPort;align=right;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0;rotation=0"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd5" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="STEP_FUNCTION" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="csuper" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="STEP_FUNCTION"> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="80.0" y="110.0" width="40.0" height="40.0"/> + <SuperBlockDiagram as="child" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title=""> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGraphModel as="model"> + <root> + <mxCell id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce2:-7fd5"/> + <mxCell id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fd5" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce2:-7fd5"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc7" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fd5" interfaceFunctionName="STEP" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="step_func" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style=""> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="3" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="0"/> + <data line="2" column="0" value="1"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="2"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="1.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="40.0" height="40.0"/> + </BasicBlock> + <ExplicitOutputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc6" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc7" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitOutputPort;align=right;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0"/> + <ControlPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc5" 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as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="80.0" y="10.0" width="20.0" height="20.0"/> + </ExplicitOutBlock> + <ExplicitInputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc2" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc3" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="-2" dataLines="-1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitInputPort;align=left;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0"/> + <ExplicitLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc1" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fd5" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc6" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc2" style="ExplicitLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </ExplicitLink> + <CommandControlLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc0" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fd5" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc4" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fc5" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array as="points"> + <mxPoint x="20.0" y="-20.0"/> + <mxPoint x="-20.0" y="-20.0"/> + <mxPoint x="-20.0" y="60.0"/> + <mxPoint x="20.0" y="60.0"/> + </Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="1.0" y="1.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + <mxCell as="defaultParent" id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fd5" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce2:-7fd5"/> + </SuperBlockDiagram> + </BasicBlock> + <ExplicitOutputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd4" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd5" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitOutputPort;align=right;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0;rotation=0"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd2" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="CSCOPE" blockType="c" dependsOnU="1" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="cscope" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style="CSCOPE"> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="10" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="-1"/> + <data line="2" column="0" value="[]"/> + <data line="3" column="0" value="[600;400]"/> + <data line="4" column="0" value="0"/> + <data line="5" column="0" value="300"/> + <data line="6" column="0" value="30"/> + <data line="7" column="0" value="20"/> + <data line="8" column="0" value="0"/> + <data line="9" column="0" value=""/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="4"> + <data 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as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="335.0" y="105.0" width="40.0" height="40.0"/> + </BasicBlock> + <ExplicitInputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd1" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd2" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="-1" initialState="0.0" style="ExplicitInputPort;align=left;verticalAlign=middle;spacing=10.0;rotation=0"/> + <ControlPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd0" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd2" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="ControlPort;align=center;verticalAlign=top;spacing=10.0;rotation=90"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fce" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="CLOCK_c" blockType="h" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="csuper" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="CLOCK_c"> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="335.0" y="25.0" width="40.0" height="40.0"/> + <SuperBlockDiagram as="child" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title=""> + <ScilabDouble as="exprs" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGraphModel as="model"> + <root> + <mxCell id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce2:-7fce"/> + <mxCell id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce2:-7fce"/> + <EventOutBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbf" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" interfaceFunctionName="CLKOUT_f" blockType="d" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="output" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style=""> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="1" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabInteger as="integerParameters" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="1"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="0" width="0"/> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="399.0" y="162.0" width="20.0" height="20.0"/> + </EventOutBlock> + <ControlPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbe" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbf" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="ControlPort;align=center;verticalAlign=top;spacing=10.0"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbd" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" interfaceFunctionName="EVTDLY_c" blockType="d" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="0" simulationFunctionName="evtdly4" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style=""> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="2" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0.1"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="0.1"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="2"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="0.1"/> + <data 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id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb6" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbb" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb9" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="340.0" y="226.29"/> + <Array as="points"> + <mxPoint x="340.0" y="172.0"/> + </Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="380.71" y="172.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + <CommandControlLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb5" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb8" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbe" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="380.71" y="172.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="399.0" y="172.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + <CommandControlLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb4" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fb7" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fbc" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="380.71" y="172.0"/> + <Array as="points"> + <mxPoint x="380.71" y="302.0"/> + <mxPoint x="340.0" y="302.0"/> + </Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="340.0" y="277.71"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + <mxCell as="defaultParent" id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce3:-7fce" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce2:-7fce"/> + </SuperBlockDiagram> + </BasicBlock> + <CommandPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcd" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fce" ordering="1" dataType="REAL_MATRIX" dataColumns="1" dataLines="1" initialState="0.0" style="CommandPort;align=center;verticalAlign=bottom;spacing=10.0;rotation=90"/> + <ExplicitLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd3" parent="0:2:0" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd4" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe6" style="ExplicitLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </ExplicitLink> + <ExplicitLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcf" parent="0:2:0" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe5" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd1" style="ExplicitLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </ExplicitLink> + <CommandControlLink id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcc" parent="0:2:0" source="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fcd" target="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fd0" style="CommandControlLink" value=""> + <mxGeometry as="geometry"> + <mxPoint as="sourcePoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + <Array as="points"></Array> + <mxPoint as="targetPoint" x="0.0" y="0.0"/> + </mxGeometry> + </CommandControlLink> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + <mxCell as="defaultParent" id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> +</XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3885/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sci b/3885/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sci new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11e0d08eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sci @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//control systems by Nagoor Kani A
+//Edition 3
+//Year of publication 2015
+//Scilab version 6.0.0
+//operating systems windows 10
+// Example 7.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+s=%s
+h=syslin('c',(2*(s+5))/((s+2)*(s+3)*(s+4)))
+disp(h,'thr transfer function is')
+ss=tf2ss(h)
+disp(ss,'the state space model is')
+[Ac,Bc,U,ind]=canon(ss(2),ss(3))
+disp(Ac,Bc,U,ind)
diff --git a/3885/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.xcos b/3885/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.xcos new file mode 100644 index 000000000..014662dc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3885/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.xcos @@ -0,0 +1,370 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" ?> +<XcosDiagram debugLevel="0" finalIntegrationTime="30.0" integratorAbsoluteTolerance="1.0E-6" integratorRelativeTolerance="1.0E-6" toleranceOnTime="1.0E-10" maxIntegrationTimeInterval="100001.0" maximumStepSize="0.0" realTimeScaling="0.0" solver="1.0" background="-1" gridEnabled="1" title="Ex7_11"><!--Xcos - 2.0 - scilab-6.0.0 - 20170214 1426--> + <Array as="context" scilabClass="String[]"></Array> + <mxGraphModel as="model"> + <root> + <mxCell id="0:1:0"/> + <mxCell id="0:2:0" parent="0:1:0"/> + <BasicBlock id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe7" parent="0:2:0" interfaceFunctionName="CLSS" blockType="c" dependsOnU="0" dependsOnT="1" simulationFunctionName="csslti4" simulationFunctionType="C_OR_FORTRAN" style="CLSS"> + <ScilabString as="exprs" height="5" width="1"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="[-2 0 0;0 -3 0;0 0 -4]"/> + <data line="1" column="0" value="[1;1;1]"/> + <data line="2" column="0" value="[3 -4 1]"/> + <data line="3" column="0" value="0"/> + <data line="4" column="0" value="[0; 0; 1]"/> + </ScilabString> + <ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="16"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="-2.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="2" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="3" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="4" realPart="-3.0"/> + <data line="0" column="5" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="6" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="7" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="8" realPart="-4.0"/> + <data line="0" column="9" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="10" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="11" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="12" realPart="3.0"/> + <data line="0" column="13" realPart="-4.0"/> + <data line="0" column="14" realPart="1.0"/> + <data line="0" column="15" realPart="0.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="objectsParameters" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <ScilabInteger as="nbZerosCrossing" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabInteger as="nmode" height="1" width="1" intPrecision="sci_int32"> + <data line="0" column="0" value="0"/> + </ScilabInteger> + <ScilabDouble as="state" height="1" width="3"> + <data line="0" column="0" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="1" realPart="0.0"/> + <data line="0" column="2" realPart="1.0"/> + </ScilabDouble> + <ScilabDouble as="dState" height="0" width="0"/> + <Array as="oDState" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <Array as="equations" scilabClass="ScilabList"/> + <mxGeometry as="geometry" x="180.0" y="110.0" width="80.0" height="40.0"/> + </BasicBlock> + <ExplicitInputPort id="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe6" parent="28c792fb:15ff6784ce1:-7fe7" 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parent="0:1:0"/> +</XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.13/10_13.sce b/3886/CH10/EX10.13/10_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..117f8007c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.13/10_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Determine radius of gyration
+//refer fig.10.23
+//composite body may be divided into
+//1.a solid block of size (80*120*100 mm) and 2.two semicircular grooves each of 40 mm radius and 80 mm length
+//Let's assign random value to rho
+rho=1
+//Ig=1.029*10^8*rho
+//Ix2=Ig+M2*d'^2
+Ixx=10.0816*(10^8)*rho
+M=557876.14*rho //units
+k=sqrt(Ixx/M) //mm
+printf("\nk=%.2f mm",k)
diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.13/10_13.txt b/3886/CH10/EX10.13/10_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c706d22d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.13/10_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\10. Centre of gravity and mass moment of inertia\10.13.sce', -1)
+
+k=42.51 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.14/10_14.sce b/3886/CH10/EX10.14/10_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0caf2b0fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.14/10_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Moment of Inertia of flywheel
+//refer fig. 10.24
+//Moment of inertia of rim
+aRo=1.5/2
+aRi=1.4/2
+at=0.30
+rho=7200 //kg/m^3
+I1=((%pi)*0.3*7200*(0.75^4-0.7^4))/(2) //units
+//Moment of inertia of hub
+bRo=0.25/2 //m
+bRi=0.1/2 //m
+bt=0.2 //m
+I2=(%pi)*(0.2*7200)*(0.125^4-0.05^4)/(2) //units
+//Moment of inertia of Arms
+A=8000*(10^-9) //m^2
+l=0.575 //m
+d=(0.575/2)+0.125 //m
+M=l*A*rho //kg
+//there are six such arms
+I3=6*0.03312*((0.575)^2/(12))*(0.4125^2) //units
+//moment of inertia of flywheel
+I=I1+I2+I3 //units
+printf("\nmoment of inertia of flywheel=%.2f units",I)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.14/10_14.txt b/3886/CH10/EX10.14/10_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98023a3c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.14/10_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\10. Centre of gravity and mass moment of inertia\10.14.sce', -1)
+
+moment of inertia of flywheel=259.44 units
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce b/3886/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..527e1339f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Locate centre of gravity
+//refer fig. 10.5
+W1=0.6*0.75*0.5*25000 //N
+W2=(%pi*(0.2^2)*0.3*25000)/(4) //N
+sumWi=7889.38
+sumWixi=3241.57
+sumWiyi=2593.25
+sumWizi=1745.91
+xbar=(sumWixi)/(sumWi)
+ybar=(sumWiyi)/(sumWi)
+zbar=(sumWizi)/(sumWi)
+printf("\nxbar=%.3f m\nybar=%.3f m\nzbar=%.3f m",xbar,ybar,zbar)
diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.txt b/3886/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0ec67862 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.4/10_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\10. Centre of gravity and mass moment of inertia\10.4.sce', -1)
+
+xbar=0.411 m
+ybar=0.329 m
+zbar=0.221 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.sce b/3886/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..443b4c898 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Locate centroid
+//Refer fig.10.6
+//lets assign random value to w
+w=1
+sumWi=1053.98*w
+sumWixi=95055.54*w
+sumWiyi=125214.83*w
+sumWizi=59201.4*w
+xbar=(sumWixi)/(sumWi)
+ybar=(sumWiyi)/(sumWi)
+zbar=(sumWizi)/(sumWi)
+printf("\nxbar=%.2f mm\nybar=%.2f mm\nzbar=%.2f mm",xbar,ybar,zbar)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.txt b/3886/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c265f11d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH10/EX10.5/10_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\10. Centre of gravity and mass moment of inertia\10.5.sce', -1)
+
+xbar=90.19 mm
+ybar=118.80 mm
+zbar=56.17 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..73c10b698 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//cage and mine shaft
+//t is time during which stone is in motion
+//s=(9.81*t^2)/2
+//consider motion of cage
+//t1 be the time taken to travel first 30 m
+a=0.6 //m/sec^2
+t1=10 //sec
+//When the stone strikes
+//s=(0.6*(t+10)^2)/2
+//solving
+t=3.286 //sec
+s=(9.81*3.286^2)/2 //m
+printf("\nt=%.2f sec\ns=%.2f m",t,s)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..067c14e7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.10/12_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.10.sce', -1)
+
+t=3.29 sec
+s=52.96 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.11/12_11.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.11/12_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2344998d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.11/12_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Train B overtakes train A
+//refer fig.12.12
+//speed of A
+v1=7.5 //m/sec
+//speed of B
+v2=15 //m/sec
+//motion of train A
+//using equation of motion
+t1=7.5/0.15 //sec
+//distance travelled in time t
+//s=7.5*t-187.5
+//Motion of train B
+//using equation of motion
+t2=15/0.3 //sec
+//distance travelled t seconds after train A started
+//s=15*t-975
+//solving
+t=(975-187.5)/(15-7.5) //sec
+s=15*t-975 //m
+printf("\nTrain B overtakes train A %.2d sec\ns=%.2d m",t,s)
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.11/12_11.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.11/12_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a9698117 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.11/12_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.11.sce', -1)
+
+Train B overtakes train A 105 sec
+s=600 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07c7e6818 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Two cars
+//refer fig.12.13
+//Let A and B be the positions of cars when the drivers see each other and apply brakes
+//Let they meet at C
+//1.car A
+au=12 //m/sec
+av=0
+//s=x
+//a1 be acceleration
+//using equation of motion
+//a1=(-12)/t
+//x=6*t
+//2.car B
+bu=9 //m/sec
+bv=0
+//a=a2
+//time=t
+//s=100-x
+//using equation of motion
+//a2=-9/t
+//100-x=4.5*t
+//solving
+t=100/10.5 //sec
+a1=-12/t //m/sec^2
+a2=-9/t //m/sec^2
+x=57.14 //m
+//distance traveled by second car
+bx=100-x //m
+printf("\nt=%.2f sec\na1=%.2f m/sec^2\na2=%.2f m/sec^2\nDistance travelled by first car=%.2f m\nDistance travelled by second car=%.2f m",t,a1,a2,x,bx)
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e96634eef --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.12/12_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.12.sce', -1)
+
+t=9.52 sec
+a1=-1.26 m/sec^2
+a2=-0.95 m/sec^2
+Distance travelled by first car=57.14 m
+Distance travelled by second car=42.86 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.13/12_13.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.13/12_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f245fc9fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.13/12_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Car and truck
+//refer fig.12.14 and 12.15
+u=12.5 //m/sec
+//sT=10+12.5*t+(aT*t^2)/2
+aT=-2 //m/sec^2
+//t is the time at any instant after the brakes are applied
+//sT=10+12.5*t-t^2
+//distance moved by car
+//sC=u*2+u*(t-2)+(aC*(t-2)^2)/2
+//sT=sC
+//Apply equations of motion
+//we get quadratic equation whose solution gives
+aC=-10/3 //m/sec^2
+printf("the deceleration of the car is=%.2f m/sec^2",aC)
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.13/12_13.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.13/12_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06606ec3b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.13/12_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.13.sce', -1)
+the deceleration of the car is=-3.33 m/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.14/12_14.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.14/12_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5076245d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.14/12_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//motion of particle
+//s=t^3-3*t^2+2*t+5
+//v=ds/dt=3*t^2-6*t+2
+//a=6*t-6
+//after 4 seconds
+v=3*4*4-6*4+2 //m/sec
+a=6*4-6 //m/sec^2
+//minimum velocity Vmin by using maxima and minima principle
+Vmin=-1 //m/sec
+//let at time t the velocity be zero,then
+t1=1.577 //sec
+t2=0.423 //sec
+printf("\nv=%.2f m/sec\na=%.2f m/sec^2\nMinimum velocity=%.2f m/sec\nVelocity is zero at t=%.2f sec and %.2f sec",v,a,Vmin,t1,t2)
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.14/12_14.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.14/12_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d8bf6721 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.14/12_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.14.sce', -1)
+
+v=26.00 m/sec
+a=18.00 m/sec^2
+Minimum velocity=-1.00 m/sec
+Velocity is zero at t=1.58 sec and 0.42 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.15/12_15.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.15/12_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96c055e8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.15/12_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//particle in motion
+//v=t^3-t^2-2*t+2
+//a=3*t^2-2*t-2
+//acceleration after 4 seconds
+a=3*4^2-2*4-2 //m/sec^2
+//s=(t^4)/4-(t^3)/3-(t^2)+2*t+C
+//c is constant of acceleration
+//applying given condition
+C=4/3
+s=(4^4)/4-(4^3)/3-(4^2)+2*4+(4/3) //m
+//using maxima and minima principle
+//minimum value of acceleration (amin)
+amin=3*((1/3)^2)-2*(1/3)-2 //m/sec^2
+printf("\nMinimum value of acceleration=%.2f m/sec^2",amin)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.15/12_15.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.15/12_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d76f99291 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.15/12_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.15.sce', -1)
+
+Minimum value of acceleration=-2.33 m/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.16/12_16.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.16/12_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c4775d4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.16/12_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//body moving along straight line
+//refer fig. 12.16
+//a=2-3*t
+//v=2*t-(3/2)*(t^2)+C1
+//C1 is constant of integration
+//v=20 //m/sec
+//t=5 //sec
+//thus
+C1=47.5
+//s=47.5*t+t^2-0.5*t^3+C2
+//s=85 m when t=10 sec thus
+C2=10
+a=2-3*0 //m/sec^2
+v=47.5 //m/sec
+as=10 //m
+//let the time when velocity becomes zero be t, thus
+t=6.33 //sec
+//Corresponding distance from origin
+s=10+47.5*6.33+6.33^2-0.5*6.33^3
+printf("\na=%.2f m/sec^2\nv=%.2f m/sec\ns=%.2f m\nt=%.2f sec\nDistance from origin\ns=%.3f",a,v,as,t,s)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.16/12_16.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.16/12_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60d5088f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.16/12_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.16.sce', -1)
+
+a=2.00 m/sec^2
+v=47.50 m/sec
+s=10.00 m
+t=6.33 sec
+Distance from origin
+s=223.926
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.18/12_18.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.18/12_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc53c3a12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.18/12_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Car moving
+//let the expression for retardation be
+//a=-k*s ...k=constant
+//v^2/2=(-k*(s^2)/2)+C1
+//When brakes are applied
+//s=0 and v=72 kmph
+v=20 //m/sec
+C1=200
+//when vehicle stops
+//v=0 s=15 m
+k=400/225
+//expression for retardation is
+//a=-1.778*s ...theory approach
+printf("The expression for retardation is a=-1.778*s")
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.18/12_18.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.18/12_18.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95c1bcb9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.18/12_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.18.sce', -1)
+The expression for retardation is a=-1.778*s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e1744a76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Steel ball shot vertically up
+//refer fig.12.6
+//For upward motion
+au=18 //m/sec
+av=0
+aa=-9.81 //m/sec^2
+//s=h
+//let t1 be the time required to reach maximum height
+t1=1.83 //sec
+h=(18^2)/(2*9.81) //m
+//total height from the ground
+ah=25+h //m
+//Downward motion
+bu=0
+bs=41.51 //m
+ba=9.81 //m/sec^2
+v2=sqrt(2*9.81*41.51) //m/sec
+t2=28.54/9.81 //m/sec
+//total time during which the body is in motion
+t=t1+t2 //sec
+printf("\nt1=%.2f sec\nh=%.2f m\nv2=%.2f m/sec\nt2=%.2f sec\nt=%.2f sec",t1,h,v2,t2,t)
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95719b60c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.2.sce', -1)
+
+t1=1.83 sec
+h=16.51 m
+v2=28.54 m/sec
+t2=2.91 sec
+t=4.74 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bcb11b87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Height from which stone fell
+//refer fig.12.7
+//Let the stone be dropped from A at a height h above window
+//h=(g*t^2)/2 ...(1)
+//h+2.45=((g)*(t+0.5)^2)/2 ...(2)
+//from (1) and (2)
+t=0.2495 //sec
+g=9.81 //m/sec^2
+h=(g*t^2)/2 //m
+printf("\nh=%.3f m",h)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7144aab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.3/12_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.3.sce', -1)
+
+h=0.305 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc04c1e0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Crossing of balls
+//refer fig. 12.8
+//1.for motion of first ball
+au=0
+//1s=30-h
+aa=9.81 //m/sec^2
+//2.for motion of second ball
+bu=15 //m/sec
+//s=h
+ba=-9.81 //m/sec^2
+//30-h=0*t+(9.81*t^2)/2 ...(1)
+//h=15*t-(9.81*t^2)/2 ...(2)
+//solving (1) and (2)
+t=30/15
+h=15*2-(9.81*2^2)/2 //m
+//at t=2
+//downward velocity of first ball
+v1=0+9.81*2 //m/sec
+//Upward velocity of second ball
+v2=15-9.81*2 //m/sec
+//relative velocity vr
+vr=v1-(-v2) //m/sec
+printf("\nt=%.2f sec\nh=%.2f m\nvr=%.2f m/sec",t,h,vr)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d8a08fce --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.4.sce', -1)
+
+t=2.00 sec
+h=10.38 m
+vr=15.00 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a2ca3f70 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Stone dropped into well
+//let
+//h=depth of well
+//t1=time tataken by stone to strike water
+//t2=time taken by sound to travel h
+//t1+t2=4
+//h=(g*t1^2)/2
+//h=335*t2
+//solving
+//t1^2+68.30*t1-273.19=0
+t1=3.79 //sec
+h=(9.81*t1^2)/2 //m
+printf("h=%.2f m",h)
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b50a1c27c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.5.sce', -1)
+h=70.46 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf9583733 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Distance covered
+//refer fig.12.9
+//Let the particle start from A and come to halt at E
+//Let initial velocity be u m/sec
+//consider motion between A and B
+//u+a=10
+//consider motion between A and C
+//70=7*u+7*a
+//solving
+a=-10/17.5 //m/sec^2
+u=10-(a) //m/sec
+//Let distance AD be s1
+s1=10.571*10+(-0.571*10^2)/2 //m
+//Distance covered in the interval 7 sec to 10 sec
+CD=77.16-60 //m
+//Let AE=s
+s=(10.571^2)/(2*0.571) //m
+printf("\nCD=%.2f m\ns=%.2f m",CD,s)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3115d1422 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.6/12_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.6.sce', -1)
+
+CD=17.16 m
+s=97.85 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..caca3452b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//motorist and traffic light
+//initial velocity
+u=(80*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+t=10 //sec
+s=200 //m
+//a be acceleration
+//using equation of motion
+a=(200-22.22*10)*2/10^2 //m/sec^2
+//final velocity
+v=(22.22-0.444*10)*(3600/1000) //kmph
+printf("\na=%.2f m/sec^2\nv=%.2f kmph",a,v)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1888fa21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.7/12_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.7.sce', -1)
+
+a=-0.44 m/sec^2
+v=64.01 kmph
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.sce b/3886/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea7da1ee6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//time required to cover the distance between two stations
+//refer fig.12.11
+v=(48*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+t1=30 //sec
+//after application of brakes the vehicle retards from 13.33 m/sec to 0 in t3 sec
+t3=13.33 //sec
+//Let t2 be the time during which the automobile travels with uniform velocity
+//s=s1+s2+s3
+s=5200 //m
+t2=((5200)-(13.33*30/2)-(13.33*13.33/2))/13.33 //sec
+//total time
+t=t1+t2+t3 //sec
+printf("Total time taken=%.2f sec",t)
diff --git a/3886/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.txt b/3886/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea732ee2b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH12/EX12.9/12_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\12. Linear motion\12.9.sce', -1)
+Total time taken=411.76 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43f13dc2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Pilot and his bomber
+//refer fig.13.3
+h=2000 //m
+u=(600*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+//initial velocity in vertical direction
+//gravitational acceleration=9.81 m/sec^2
+//if t is the time of flight
+t=sqrt((2000*2)/(9.81)) //sec
+//during this period horizontal distance travelled by the bomb must be (d)
+d=u*t //m
+printf("Bomb should be released at %.2f m from the target",d)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..283fd2ebd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.1/13_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.1.sce', -1)
+Bomb should be released at 3365.46 m from the target
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.10/13_10.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.10/13_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f279c5ec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.10/13_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//cricket ball
+//refer fig. 13.15
+u=20 //m/sec
+alpha=30 //degree
+Y0=-1.5 //m
+t=2.179 //sec
+//Distance of the fielder from the wickets
+Range=u*t*cosd(alpha) //m
+printf("The distance of the fielder from the wickets=%.3f m",Range)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.10/13_10.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.10/13_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..340d1d676 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.10/13_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.10.sce', -1)
+The distance of the fielder from the wickets=37.741 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.11/13_11.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.11/13_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79b734ed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.11/13_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Gravel is thrown in bin
+//refer fig. 13.16 and 13.17
+//taking O as origin
+u=5 //m/sec
+alpha=50 //degree
+//for point B
+y=-10 //m
+t=1.871 //sec
+//Horizontal distance travelled in this time=6.012 m
+//Vertical component of velocity of gravel at the time of striking the bin is=14.524 m/sec (downwards)
+//Horizontal component of velocity=5*cosd(50) m/sec
+//Velocity of strike
+v=sqrt((14.524^2)+(3.214^2)) //m/sec
+theta=atand(14.524/3.214) //degree to the horizontal
+printf("\nt=%.2f sec\nHorizontal distance travelled=6.012 m\nv=%.2f m/sec\ntheta=%.2f degree to horizontal",t,v,theta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.11/13_11.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.11/13_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32955cd47 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.11/13_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.11.sce', -1)
+
+t=1.87 sec
+Horizontal distance travelled=6.012 m
+v=14.88 m/sec
+theta=77.52 degree to horizontal
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.12/13_12.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.12/13_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e7171a05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.12/13_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//soldier fires a bullet
+//refer fig 13.18
+//equation of trajectory of bullet is known thus
+//For the point on ground where bullet strikes
+y=-50 //m
+x=100 //m
+u=31.32 //m/sec
+//alpha=0 or
+alpha=atand(2) //degree
+//when alpha =0
+//Horizontal component of velocity
+vx=31.32 //m/sec
+//Vertical component of velocity
+vy=sqrt(2*9.81*50) //m/sec
+//Velocity of strike
+v=sqrt((31.32^2)+(31.32^2)) //m/sec
+theta=atand(1) //degree
+//when alpha=63.435 degree vx=14.007 m/sec
+//vy=42.02 m/sec
+bv=sqrt((14.007^2)+(42.02^2)) //m/sec
+btheta= atand(42.02/14.007) //degree to horizontal
+printf("\nalpha=%.2f degree\nv=%.2f m/sec\ntheta=%.2f degree\nv=%.2f m/sec\ntheta=%.2f degree to horizontal",alpha,v,theta,bv,btheta)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.12/13_12.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.12/13_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85d20f29d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.12/13_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.12.sce', -1)
+
+alpha=63.43 degree
+v=44.29 m/sec
+theta=45.00 degree
+v=44.29 m/sec
+theta=71.56 degree to horizontal
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.13/13_13.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.13/13_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e02bea7cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.13/13_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//a rebounding ball
+//refer fig.13.19
+//at A the vertical component of velocity =u*asind(alpha)
+//when h=19 m Vertical component of velocity =0
+//y-coordinate of B=-24.033m
+//considering the motion in vertically upward direction
+t=4.93 //sec
+//x-coordinate of B=72.1 m
+//considering the horizontal motion of the ball
+alpha=atand(19.308/14.625) //degree
+u=14.625/cosd(52.86) //m/sec
+printf("\nalpha=%.2f degree\nu=%.2f m/sec",alpha,u)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.13/13_13.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.13/13_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..713d65210 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.13/13_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.13.sce', -1)
+
+alpha=52.86 degree
+u=24.22 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.14/13_14.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.14/13_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80f611478 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.14/13_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Flying bomber
+//refer fig. 13.20
+h=2400 //m
+//Let the time required for bomb to reach ground be t seconds
+//then
+t=sqrt((2400*2)/(9.81)) //sec
+u=(1000*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+//Horizontal distance moved by bomb d
+d=u*t //m
+//muzzle velocity=600 m/sec
+//velocity of projection u=600 m/sec
+//alpha=60 degree
+//shell has to hit the bomber at height h=2400 m
+//let time required for the shell to rise to this height be t1
+//then
+//t1=110.370 sec or 4.433 sec
+//when t1=110.370 sec
+//horizontal distance moved by the shell=600*cosd(60)*110.370 m
+//distance moved by plane during this period=30658.58 m
+//the gun must fire the shell when the bomber is at a distance=33111+30658.58 m
+//when t1=4.839 sec
+//horizontal distance moved by the shell=1331.70 m
+//distance moved by plane during this period=1233.07 m
+//the gun must fire the shell when the bomber is at a distance=2564.77 m
+printf("\nThe bomb should be released when the bomber is %.2f m away from the target",d)
+printf("\nWhen the shell is fired at a distance of 63769.58 m, it will hit the plane in its downward motion.")
+printf("\nIf the shell is fired when the bomber is at a distance of 2795.87 m, then it will hit the bomber during its upward motion")
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.14/13_14.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.14/13_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f5f654da --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.14/13_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.14.sce', -1)
+
+The bomb should be released when the bomber is 6144.46 m away from the target
+When the shell is fired at a distance of 63769.58 m, it will hit the plane in its downward motion.
+If the shell is fired when the bomber is at a distance of 2795.87 m, then it will hit the bomber during its upward motion
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.15/13_15.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.15/13_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30800ed82 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.15/13_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//A plane
+//initial velocity
+u=200 //m/sec
+//angle of projection
+alpha=30 //degree
+//Inclination of the plane=atand(5/12) degree
+//(a) When the shot is fired up the plane
+abeta=22.62 //degree
+aRange=((200^2)/(9.81*(cosd(22.62))^2))*((sind(2*30-22.62))-(sind(22.62))) //m
+//(b) When the shot is fired down the plane
+bbeta=-22.62 //degree
+bRange=((200*200)/(9.81*(cosd(22.62))^2))*(sind(82.62)+sind(22.62)) //m
+printf("\nWhen the shot is fired up the plane\nRange=%.2f m\nWhen the shot is fired down the plane\nRange=%.2f m",aRange,bRange)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.15/13_15.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.15/13_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..984206ce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.15/13_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.15.sce', -1)
+
+When the shot is fired up the plane
+Range=1064.65 m
+When the shot is fired down the plane
+Range=6586.27 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.16/13_16.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.16/13_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..635c1dee2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.16/13_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//person throws a ball
+//refer fig. 13.23
+//(a) Up the plane
+atheta=35 //degree
+aalpha=atheta+20 //degree
+//maximum range
+aRangemax=((30*30)/(9.81*(cosd(20))^2))*(sind(2*55-20)-sind(20)) //m
+//(b) Down the plane
+//refer fig. 13.24
+btheta=(90+20)/2 //degree
+balpha=55-20 //degree
+//maximum range
+bRangemax=((30*30)/(9.81*(cosd(-20))^2))*(sind(2*35+20)-sind(-20)) //m
+printf("\nUp the plane\nMax Range=%.3f m",aRangemax)
+printf("\nDown the plane\nMax Range=%.3f m",bRangemax)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.16/13_16.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.16/13_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e74c42e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.16/13_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.16.sce', -1)
+
+Up the plane
+Max Range=68.362 m
+Down the plane
+Max Range=139.432 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.2/13_2.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.2/13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bee681c1a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.2/13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Person jumping over ditch
+//refer fig. 13.4
+h=2 //m
+Range=3 //m
+//let t be the time of flight and u the minimum horizontal velocity required
+//consider vertical motion
+t=sqrt((2*2)/(9.81)) //sec
+//consider horizontal motion of uniform velocity
+u=3/0.6386 //m/sec
+printf("Person should jump with u=%.2f m/sec",u)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.2/13_2.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.2/13_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..118faf399 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.2/13_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.2.sce', -1)
+Person should jump with u=4.70 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aef50ecb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Pressure tank
+//refer fig. 13.5
+//Required velocity to enter at B
+h=1 //m
+//If t1 is the time of flight , considering vertical motion
+t1=sqrt(2/9.81) //sec
+//Considering horizontal motion
+u1=3/t1 //m/sec
+//Required velocity to enter at C
+//let t2 be the time required for flight from A to C
+bh=2.5 //m
+Range=3 //m
+//Considering Vertical motion
+t2=sqrt((2*2.5)/9.81) //sec
+//Considering horizontal motion
+u2=3/t2 //m/sec
+printf("The range of velocity for which the jet can enter the opening BC is %.2f m/sec to %.2f m/sec",u2,u1)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2bd18a76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.3/13_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.3.sce', -1)
+The range of velocity for which the jet can enter the opening BC is 4.20 m/sec to 6.64 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f361c7c11 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Rocket released from fighter jet
+//refer fig. 13.6
+h=3000 //m
+//If t is time of flight then
+//using equations of motion
+t=sqrt((2*3000)/(9.81)) //sec
+u=(1200*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+//Horizontal distance covered during the time of flight=range
+a=6 //m/sec^2
+Range=u*t+(1/2)*a*(t^2) //m
+//Angle theta below the horizontal at which the pilot must see the target while releasing the rocket is
+theta=atand(3000/10078.5) //degree
+printf("Angle theta below the horizontal at which the pilot must see the target while releasing the rocket is=%.3f degree",theta)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b9c2dcb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.4/13_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.4.sce', -1)
+Angle theta below the horizontal at which the pilot must see the target while releasing the rocket is=16.576 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d85db0b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Body is projected
+//u be the velocity of projection and alpha the angle of projection
+//then maximum height reached=((u^2)*(sind(alpha))^2)/(2*g)
+//range=((u^2)*sind(2*alpha))/(g)
+//in this case
+//Range=3*maximum height reached
+//thus
+alpha=atand(4/3) //degree
+printf("\n alpha=%.2f degree",alpha)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c04edd3bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.5/13_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.5.sce', -1)
+
+ alpha=53.13 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7bd5829e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Projectile aimed at target
+//refer fig. 13.9
+//let s be the distance of the target from the point of projection
+//u be the velocity of projection
+//range
+//R=((u^2)*sind(2*alpha))/(g)
+//applying it to first case
+//s-12=(u^2)/(2*g)
+//from second case
+//s+24=(u^2)/(g)
+//solving we get
+s=24+24 //m
+//let the correct angle of projection be alpha, then
+//sind(2*alpha)=48/72
+alpha=41.81/2 //degree
+printf("Angle of projection=%.3f degree",alpha)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dceeda60a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.6/13_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.6.sce', -1)
+Angle of projection=20.905 degree
+-->
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.7/13_7.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.7/13_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbb03fadd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.7/13_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Projectile
+//let u be the initial velocity and alpha its angle of projection
+//Vertical component of velocity=u*sind(alpha)
+//Horizontal component of velocity=u*cosd(alpha)
+//thus according to given condition
+alpha=atand(1/2) //degree
+//when x=18 m y=3 m
+//using equation of trajectory
+u=sqrt((9.81*(18^2))/(6*2*(cosd(26.565))^2)) //m/sec
+g=9.81 //m/sec
+//range on the horizontal plane (range)
+range=((u^2)*sind(2*alpha))/(g) //m
+printf("Range on the horizontal plane=%.2f m",range)
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.7/13_7.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.7/13_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2936a3822 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.7/13_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.7.sce', -1)
+Range on the horizontal plane=27.00 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.8/13_8.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.8/13_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d900a1a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.8/13_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Find the least initial velocity
+//refer fig. 13.10
+//Let u the initial velocity required and alpha the angle of projection
+//here
+range=9 //m
+//at P x=5m and y=4m
+//u^2=(9*g)/(sind(2*alpha))
+//from the equation of trajectory
+alpha=atand(1.8) //degree
+//thus
+u=sqrt((9*9.81)/(sind(2*60.95))) //m/sec
+printf("u=%.2f m/sec",u)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.8/13_8.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.8/13_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c162baaf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.8/13_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.8.sce', -1)
+u=10.20 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.9/13_9.sce b/3886/CH13/EX13.9/13_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bbde6602b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.9/13_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Bullet fired
+//refer fig. 13.13
+//velocity of projection
+u=(360*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+//(a) total time of flight
+//method 1
+y0=-120 //m
+//considering vertical motion and solving quadratic equation
+t=12.20 //sec
+//method 2
+//t1=(100*sind(30))/(9.81) //sec
+//maximum height reached in this time
+//h=((100^2)*(sind(30))^2)/(2*9.81) //m
+//during downward motion
+//t2=7.1 //sec
+//t=t1+t2 //sec
+//method 3
+//time required to travel from A to D
+//t1=10.19 //sec
+//g=9.81 //m/sec^2
+//distance travelled=120 m
+t=12.20 //sec
+//(b) Maximum height reached by the bullet
+//h=((100^2)*(sind(30))^2)/(2*9.81) m above point A
+h=127.42+120 //m above the ground
+//(c)Horizontal range
+Hrange=100*12.2*cosd(30) //m
+//(d)Velocity of the bullet just before striking the ground
+//vertical component of velocity=69.682 m/sec
+//horizontal component of velocity=86.603 m/sec
+//velocity at strike
+v=sqrt((69.682^2)+(86.603^2)) //m/sec
+theta=atand(69.682/86.603) //degree
+printf("\nt=%.2f sec\nh=%.2f m above the ground\nHorizontal range=%.2f m\nv=%.2f m/sec\ntheta=%.2f degree",t,h,Hrange,v,theta)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH13/EX13.9/13_9.txt b/3886/CH13/EX13.9/13_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5683f2c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH13/EX13.9/13_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\13. Projectiles\13.9.sce', -1)
+
+t=12.20 sec
+h=247.42 m above the ground
+Horizontal range=1056.55 m
+v=111.16 m/sec
+theta=38.82 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8cad45f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Passenger train
+//refer fig. 14.7
+//let vb= velocity of goods train
+vA=(72*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+//relative velocity of B w.r.t A
+//vB/A=20-vB
+//relative distance moved to overtake the goods train=250+200 m
+//45 seconds are required to cover this relative distance
+vB=(10*60*60)/(1000) //kmph
+printf("\nvB=%.2f kmph",vB)
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abfe1c8a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.1/14_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.1.sce', -1)
+
+vB=36.00 kmph
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94f37567f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Jet of water
+//refer fig. 14.18 and 14.19
+//time taken to move a horizontal distance of 5m
+t=5/20 //sec
+//During this period vertical downward velocity gained by water (Vw)
+Vw=0+(9.81/4)
+//Horizontal component of velocity of plate (HCp)
+HCp=0
+//Vertical component of velocity of plate (VCp)
+VCp=1 //m/sec
+//relative velocity of water w.r.t. plate
+vry=Vw-VCp //m/sec
+vrx=20 //m/sec
+vr=sqrt((20)^2+(1.453)^2) //m/sec
+alpha=atand(1.453/20) //degree
+printf("\nvr=%.2f m/sec\nalpha=%.2f degree",vr,alpha)
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5757095bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.10/14_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.10.sce', -1)
+
+vr=20.05 m/sec
+alpha=4.16 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f902e8589 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//railway carriage
+//refer fig. 14.20
+//Velocity of components of train are
+v1x=96 //kmph
+v1y=0
+//Velocity components of bullet are
+//v2x=0.9848*v
+//v2y=0.1736*v
+//Component of relative velocity of B w.r.t. A are
+//vrx=0.9848*v-96
+//vry=0.1736*v
+//Direction of relative velocity alpha with x-axis
+//tand(alpha)=((vry)/(vrx))
+//thus
+v=183.96 //kmph
+//consider motion in y direction
+vry=0.1736*51.1 //m/sec
+//Time period (t)
+t=(1.8)/(0.1736*51.1) //sec
+printf("\nv=%.2f kmph\nt=%.3f sec",v,t)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..618f69e04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.11/14_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.11.sce', -1)
+
+v=183.96 kmph
+t=0.203 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea302b69e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//passenger train
+//velocity
+vA=20 //m/sec
+//let velocity of goods train be vB m/sec
+//relative velocity=20-vB m/sec
+//when t=25 relative distance moved is x metres
+//(20-vB)*25=x
+//In the next t=30 seconds
+//relative distance moved=length of passenger train=240 m
+vB=(20-(240/30))*((60*60)/(1000)) //km/h
+x=(20-12)*25 //m
+printf("\nLength is %.2f m\nSpeed is %.2f km/h",x,vB)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db648b8c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.2/14_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.2.sce', -1)
+
+Length is 200.00 m
+Speed is 43.20 km/h
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..125117821 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Two trains
+//Taking the direction of motion of train A as positive
+//let velocity of A be v m/sec
+//Relative velocity=1.5*v
+vA=20*((60*60)/(1000)) //kmph
+//velocity of B
+vB=-10*((60*60)/(1000)) //kmph
+printf("\nVelocity of A=%.2f kmph\nVelocity of B=%.2f kmph",vA,-vB)
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fbdc6bc01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.3/14_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.3.sce', -1)
+
+Velocity of A=72.00 kmph
+Velocity of B=36.00 kmph
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8bb4e9d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Two ships
+//refer fig.14.8,14.9 and 14.10
+//Taking west direction as x-axis and north direction as y-axis
+//velocities in kmph are
+vAx=30*sind(30)
+vAy=30*cosd(30)
+vBx=40*sind(45)
+vBy=-40*sind(45)
+vrx=15-28.284
+vry=25.98-(-28.284)
+vr=sqrt((13.284^2)+(54.264^2))
+theta=atand((13.284)/(54.264)) //degree
+printf("\nFrom B, ship A appears to move with a velocity of %.2f kmph in N %.2f degree E direction",vr,theta)
+//relative distance after half an hour (drel)
+drel=55.866*(1/2) //km
+printf("\nRelative distance after half an hour=%.2f km",drel)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc391eaf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.4/14_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.4.sce', -1)
+
+From B, ship A appears to move with a velocity of 55.87 kmph in N 13.76 degree E direction
+Relative distance after half an hour=27.93 km
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bb4f42db --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Enemy ship location
+//refer fig. 14.10
+//taking north as y direction and west as x direction
+//vAy=36*cosd(theta)
+//vAx=36*sind(theta)
+//Components of velocity of enemy ship
+vBy=18*cosd(30) //kmph
+vBx=-18*sind(30) //kmph
+//then
+//vrx=36*sind(theta)+9
+//vry=36*cosd(theta)-15.588
+//solving
+x=0.2777
+theta=16.12 //degree
+printf("\nWar ship must move in N %.2f W direction",theta)
+vrx=36*sind(theta)+9
+vry=36*cosd(theta)-15.588
+vr=sqrt((19^2)+(19^2)) //kmph
+//relative distance moved
+dr=25-5 //km
+//time interval
+t=20/26.870 //hour
+printf("\n%.2f hour after sighting the enemy ship the shell is to be fired",t)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b54896698 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.5/14_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.5.sce', -1)
+
+War ship must move in N 16.12 W direction
+0.74 hour after sighting the enemy ship the shell is to be fired
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fed361c26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Motor boat crossing river
+//refer fig. 14.11 and 14.12
+//let the motor boat start from A and reaches C
+vrx=15 //kmph
+//distance to be moved in x direction=1 km
+//time required t is
+t=4 //min
+//boat will move down the stream
+vy=5 //kmph
+//Distance moved in downstream direction (d)
+d=333.33 //m
+//Let the direction of boat be set at theta to x-direction
+theta=asind(1/3) //degree
+printf("The boat should be set in the direction theta=%.2f degree and time required is t=%.2f min\nDistance moved in downstream direction=%.2f m",theta,t,d)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12c71bd1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.6/14_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.6.sce', -1)
+The boat should be set in the direction theta=19.47 degree and time required is t=4.00 min
+Distance moved in downstream direction=333.33 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..152de87a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//ship approaching port
+//refer fig. 14.13 and 14.14
+//let west be x and north be y axes
+//speed in kmph is
+vBx=25*sind(45)
+vBy=25*cosd(45)
+vAx=-15
+vAy=0
+//Let vr be the relative velocity of B w.r.t. A
+vrx=17.678-(-15) //kmph
+vry=17.678 //kmph
+vr=sqrt((32.678^2)+(17.678^2)) //kmph
+alpha=atand(17.678/32.678) //degree
+t=(50*cosd(alpha))/(vr) //hours
+//during this time A has moved in east by (da)
+da=15*1.1837 //km
+//and B has moved in N 45 degree W a distance (db)
+db=25*1.1837 //km
+printf("\nt=%.2f hours\nA has moved in east by da=%.2f km\nB has moved in N 45 degree W a distance db=%.2f km",t,da,db)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44e21c7b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.7/14_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.7.sce', -1)
+
+t=1.18 hours
+A has moved in east by da=17.76 km
+B has moved in N 45 degree W a distance db=29.59 km
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d76b882b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//ship B approaching port
+//refer fig. 14.15 and 14.16
+//Considering west as x-axis and south as y-axis
+vAx=24*cosd(30)
+vAy=24*sind(30)
+vBx=-18
+vBy=0
+//Let relative velocity of A w.r.t. B be vr at an angle alpha to western direction
+vrx=vAx-vBx //kmph
+vry=vAy-vBy
+v=sqrt((vrx)^2+(vry)^2) //kmph
+alpha=atand(vry/vrx) //degree
+//Holding B stationary and allowing A to move with relative velovity,BC is given by
+BC=60*sind(alpha) //km
+//from triangle BCD
+DC=sqrt((25^2)+(17.735)^2) //km
+CE=DC //km
+AC=60*cosd(alpha) //km
+AD=AC-DC //km
+AE=AC+CE //km
+//Time taken to reach D
+t1=39699*60/40899 //min
+//time taken to reach E
+t2=74939*60/40599 //min
+printf("\nThe two ships can start exchanging signals %.2f min after ship A leaves the port and continue to do so for %.2f min",t1,t2-t1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6ba50eaa --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.8/14_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.8.sce', -1)
+
+The two ships can start exchanging signals 58.24 min after ship A leaves the port and continue to do so for 52.51 min
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.sce b/3886/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58ff6af69 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//passenger observing rain drops
+//refer fig. 14.17
+//Let the true velocity of rain be v kmph at a true angle theta with vertical
+//Taking the direction of train as x and that of vertical downward as y
+//Velocity components of train are
+//v1x=v*sind(theta)
+//v1y=v*cosd(theta)
+//when the velocity of train was 36 kmph
+v2x=36
+v2y=0
+//alpha is the direction of relative velocity and is given as 30 degree and when the velocity of train is 54 kmph alpha=45 degree thus
+//v*cosd(theta)=v*sind(theta)-54
+//v*sind(theta)=-11.402
+//solving we get
+v=sqrt(4407.43) //kmph
+theta=asind(-(11.402)/(66.388))
+printf("\nv=%.3f kmph\ntheta=%.2f degree",v,theta)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.txt b/3886/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13e7c8ac8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH14/EX14.9/14_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\14.Relative velocity\14.9.sce', -1)
+
+v=66.388 kmph
+theta=-9.89 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.10/15_10.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.10/15_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ee0f376a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.10/15_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Two bodies hung to the rope ends
+//refer fig. 15.12 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Let a be the acceleration with which the system moves and T be the tension in the string
+//Considering 300 N body
+//T-(300*a)/(9.81)=300
+//Considering 450 N body
+//T+(450*a)/(9.81)=450
+//solving we get
+a=(450-300)*9.81/(450+300) //m/sec^2
+T=300+((300*1.962)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\na=%.4f m/sec^2\nT=%.0f N",a,T)
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.10/15_10.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.10/15_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21e9f7e21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.10/15_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.10.sce', -1)
+
+a=1.9620 m/sec^2
+T=360 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.11/15_11.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.11/15_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b94490ab --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.11/15_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Tension in the string and accelerations of blocks
+//refer fig. 15.13 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Considering 1500 N block
+//2*T+(1500*a)/(9.81)=1500
+//Considering 500N block
+//T-(2*500*a)/(9.81)=500
+//Solving this we get
+a=(500*9.81)/(1500+2000) //m/sec^2
+T=(1500-((1500*1.401)/(9.81)))/2 //N
+printf("\na=%.3f m/sec^2\nT=%.2f N",a,T)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.11/15_11.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.11/15_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d88e58ad3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.11/15_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.11.sce', -1)
+
+a=1.401 m/sec^2
+T=642.89 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.12/15_12.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.12/15_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4ccaa9cf --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.12/15_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Train along an inclined plane
+//refer fig. 15.14 and 15.15
+u=0
+v=(36*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec^2
+s=1000 //m
+//From kinematic equation
+a=100/2000 //m/sec^2
+//Tractive resistance (Tr)
+Tr=5*1500 //N
+//Component of weight of train (Wt1)
+Wt=1500/100 //kN
+//Inertia force (I1)
+I=(1500*0.05)/(9.81) //kN (Down the plane)
+//Dynamic equilibrium equation gives
+T=7.5+15+7.645 //kN
+//Consider dynamic equilibrium of train
+//Total tractive resistance (Rt)
+Rt=5*2000 //N
+//Inertia force (I2)
+I2=(2000*0.05)/(9.81) //kN (Down the plane)
+//Component of weight down the plane (Wt2)
+Wt2=(2000)/(100) //kN
+//Dynamic equilibrium equation gives
+P=10+10.194+20 //kN
+printf("\nT=%.3f kN\nP=%.3f kN",T,P)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.12/15_12.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.12/15_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acb1e29f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.12/15_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.12.sce', -1)
+
+T=30.145 kN
+P=40.194 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15eb61df6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Elevator cage
+//refer fig. 15.4
+u=0
+v=25 //m/sec
+s=187.5 //m
+//using equations of motion
+a=(25^2)/(2*187.5) //m/sec^2
+//summing up the forces in vertical direction
+T=8600-((8600*1.667)/(9.81)) //N
+//Equilibrium condition gives
+R=600-((600*1.667)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\nT=%.2f N\nR=%.2f N",T,R)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..600a3c32c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.2/15_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.2.sce', -1)
+
+T=7138.61 N
+R=498.04 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..477278c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Motorist travelling
+//refer fig. 15.5
+u=(70*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+v=0
+s=50 //m
+//Using equation of linear motion
+a=-(19.44^2)/(2*50) //m/sec^2
+//again
+t=19.44/3.78 //sec
+//Applying equilibrium equationswe get
+mu=(3.78)/(9.81)
+printf("\nt=%.2f sec\nmu=%.3f ",t,mu)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6daba659b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.3/15_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.3.sce', -1)
+
+t=5.14 sec
+mu=0.385
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.4/15_4.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.4/15_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb62eb174 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.4/15_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//block on horizontal plane
+//refer fig. 15.6 (a) and (b)
+//Inertia force of block m*a=3/9.81 kN
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+//N=1+P/2
+//P*cosd(30)-F-3/9.81
+//From law of friction
+//F=mu*N
+//Solving above equations
+P=((3/9.81)+(0.25))/(cosd(30)-(0.125)) //kN
+printf("\nP=%.3f kN",P)
+//The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.4/15_4.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.4/15_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22c02cafd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.4/15_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.4.sce', -1)
+
+P=0.750 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4bd55496 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Crate resting on cart
+//refer fig. 15.7 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Applying equilibrium condition
+//N=W=750 N
+//Frictional force
+mu=0.3
+N=750
+F=mu*N
+a=(225*9.81)/(750) //m/sec^2
+//Consider dynamic equilibrium of the system
+P=250+((1250*2.943)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\nMaximum allowable P=%.2f N and a=%.3f m/sec^2",P,a)
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7799e21b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.5/15_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.5.sce', -1)
+
+Maximum allowable P=625.00 N and a=2.943 m/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.6/15_6.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.6/15_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cdc10100 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.6/15_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Body on an inclined plane
+//Refer fig. 15.8 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Consider 1200 N block
+//applying equilibrium condition
+N=1200*cosd(12) //N
+mu=0.2
+//From Law of friction
+F=mu*N
+//applying equilibrium condition
+a=(800-484.25)/(122.32+((800)/(9.81))) //m/sec^2
+//solving for T
+T=800-((800*1.549)/(9.81)) //N
+//initial velocity=0
+t=3 //sec
+//distance moved in 3 sec
+s=0*3+((1.549*3^2)/(2)) //m
+printf("\na=%.3f m/sec^2\nT=%.2f N\ns=%.3f m",a,T,s)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.6/15_6.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.6/15_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c8d54c21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.6/15_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.6.sce', -1)
+
+a=1.549 m/sec^2
+T=673.68 N
+s=6.970 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.7/15_7.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.7/15_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1914ea74f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.7/15_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Two weights connected by weight
+//refer fig.15.9 (a) and (b)
+//Consider dynamic equilibrium of 200 N Weight
+N1=200 //N
+mu=0.3
+//From law of friction
+F1=mu*N1 //N
+//applying equilibrium condition
+//T1-(200*a)/9.81=60
+//Consider 800N body
+N2=800 //N
+//From Law of friction
+F2=mu*N2 //N
+//applying equilibrium condition
+//T+(800*a)/9.81=160 N
+//Solving
+a=((160-60)*9.81)/(200+800) //m/sec^2
+T=160-((800*a)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\na=%.3f m/sec^2\nT=%.2f N",a,T)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.7/15_7.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.7/15_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3c5f57c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.7/15_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.7.sce', -1)
+
+a=0.981 m/sec^2
+T=80.00 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d8a838f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Two incloned planes
+//refer fig.15.10 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Let the assembly move down the 60 degree plane by an acceleration a m/sec^2
+//Consider the block weighing 100 N
+//Applying equilibrium conditions
+N1=50 //N
+mu=1/3
+//From law of friction
+F1=mu*N1 //N
+//T+((100*a)/(9.81))=69.93
+//Now consider 50 N block
+N2=50*cosd(30) //N
+//From the law of friction
+F2=mu*N2
+//((50*a)/(9.81))-T=-39.43
+//Solving we get
+a=(69.93-39.43)*9.81/(100+50) //m/sec^2
+T=69.93-(100*1.9947/9.81) //N
+printf("\na=%.4f m/sec^2\nT=%.2f N",a,T)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c64f7042f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.8/15_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.8.sce', -1)
+
+a=1.9947 m/sec^2
+T=49.60 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.9/15_9.sce b/3886/CH15/EX15.9/15_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59b595c49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.9/15_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Two blocks on an inclined plane
+//refer fig. 15.11 (a,b,c) and (d)
+//Let block A move with an acceleration a1 and block B with an acceleration a2
+//Consider block A
+//Using equilibrium conditions
+//NA=WA*cosd(30)
+mu1=0.2
+WA=100 //N
+//From the law of friction
+FA=mu1*WA*cosd(30) //
+a1=3.2058 //m/sec^2
+//Consider block B
+//NB=WB*cosd(30)
+mu2=0.4
+//From law of friction
+//FB=mu2*WB*cosd(30)
+a2=1.5067 //m/sec^2
+//Let t be the time elapsed until the blocks touch each other
+//displacement of block A in this period be s1
+//displacement of block B in this period be s2
+//when the two blocks touch each other
+//s1=s2+18
+//thus
+t=4.60 //sec
+//After the blocks touch each other
+a=2.45 //m/sec^2
+P=100*sind(30)-(0.2*100*cosd(30))-((100*2.45)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\nt=%.2f sec\nP=%.1f N",t,P)
diff --git a/3886/CH15/EX15.9/15_9.txt b/3886/CH15/EX15.9/15_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7254c9480 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH15/EX15.9/15_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\15. DAlemberts principle\15.9.sce', -1)
+
+t=4.60 sec
+P=7.7 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..658726feb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Pump
+//Work done in lifting 40 m^3 of water to a height of 50 m (W1)
+W1=40*9810*50 //N-m
+//Kinetic energy at delivery KE1
+KE1=(40*9810*25)/(2*9.81) //N-m
+//Total energy spent (TE)
+TE=19620000+500000 //N-m
+//This energy is spent by the pump in half an hour
+//Pump output power (PO)
+PO=(20120000)/(1800*1000) //kW
+//Input power (Ip)
+Ip=PO/0.7 //kW
+printf("\Energy spent=%.2f N-m\nInput power=%.4f kW",TE,Ip)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84c50c4cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.1.sce', -1)
+Energy spent=20120000.00 N-m
+Input power=15.9683 kW
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a8eaf629 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Body A
+//refer fig. 16.14
+mu=0.2
+//let theta1 and theta2 be the slopes of the inclined planes
+//sind(thets1)=4/5 cosd(theta1)=0.6
+//sind(theta2)=3/5 cosd(theta2)=0.8
+//1500*sind(theta1)=1200 N down the plane
+F1=mu*1500*0.6 //N up the plane
+F2=0.2*2000*0.8 //N down the plane
+//Equating work done to change in kinetic energy
+//v=3 m/sec
+s=((1500*3*3+2000*1.5*1.5)/(2*9.81*260)) //m
+printf("\nThus s=%.3f m",s)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec68dd228 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.10/16_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.10.sce', -1)
+
+Thus s=3.529 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c37ae884 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Two bodies hung to rope
+//refer fig. 16.15 (a) and (b)
+s=(450+300)*(4*4-2*2)/(2*9.81*150) //m
+//Let T be the tension in the string
+//apply work energy principle
+T=((450*3.058)-((450*12)/(2*9.81)))/3.058 //N
+printf("\nT=%.0f N\ns=%.3f m",T,s)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b897d5e10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.11/16_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.11.sce', -1)
+
+T=360 N
+s=3.058 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d758c5937 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Block slides down a plane
+//refer fig. 16.17 and 16.18
+N=3000*cosd(50) //N
+mu=0.2
+F=mu*N //N
+//let the maximum deformation of the spring be s mm
+//then
+s=721.43 //mm
+//Velocity will be maximum when the acceleration is zero
+//Let x be the deformation when net force on the body in the direction of motion is zero
+x=(3000*sind(50)-385.67)/(20) //mm
+//applying work energy principle
+v=5.061 //m/sec
+printf("\nv=%.3f m/sec\ns=%.3f mm",v,s)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60a948d58 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.12/16_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.12.sce', -1)
+
+v=5.061 m/sec
+s=721.430 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..541f1bcdf --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Wagon strikes bumper post
+//refer fig. 16.19
+W=500
+//Component of weight down the plane Wd
+Wd=W/100 //kN
+//Track resistance Rt
+Rt=2.5 //kN
+//u=0
+s=30 //m
+//Let the velocity of wagon while striking be v m/sec
+//Applying work energy equation
+v=1.716 //m/sec
+//Let spring compresion be x
+k=15000 //kN/m
+//Applying work energy equation and solving quadratic equation
+x=100.2 //mm
+printf("\nThe spring will be compressed by %.1f mm",x)
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2375bf47b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.13/16_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.13.sce', -1)
+
+The spring will be compressed by 100.2 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fac3e4695 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Man and his wish
+//refer fig. 16.4 (a),(b)
+//Work done in sliding
+N=1 //kN
+W=N //kN
+mu=0.3
+F=mu*N //kN
+//Applied force
+P=F //kN
+//Work to be done in sliding to a distance of 5 m (W1)
+W1=0.3*5 //kJ
+//Work to be done in tipping
+//Height (h)
+h=(1/sqrt(2))-0.5 //m
+//Work done in one tipping (W2)
+W2=W*h //kJ
+//To move a distance of 5m, Five tippings are required
+//Hence
+W3=5*W2 //kJ
+printf("\nThe man needs to spend only %.2f kJ while tipping and it is less than %.2f kJ spent in sliding\nHe should move the box by tipping",W3,W1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54554555b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.2.sce', -1)
+
+The man needs to spend only 1.04 kJ while tipping and it is less than 1.50 kJ spent in sliding
+He should move the box by tipping
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..037cb8404 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//body pushed up the plane
+//refer fig. 16.6
+//applying equilibrium condition
+N=300*cosd(30) //N
+mu=0.2
+//Frictional force
+F=mu*N //N
+//initial velocity
+u=1.5 //m/sec
+//displacement
+s=6 //m
+//let final velocity be v m/sec
+//Equating work done by forces along the plane to change in K.E
+v=sqrt(77.71+2.25) //m/sec
+printf("After moving 6 m the body will have velocity v=%.4f m/sec",v)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfd2b040a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.3/16_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.3.sce', -1)
+After moving 6 m the body will have velocity v=8.9420 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c6ef94d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Power of a locomotive
+//refer fig.16.7 (a) and (b)
+v=(56*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+F=5*420/1000 //kN
+W=420 //kN
+P=F+W*(1/120) //kN
+//Power of Locomotive Pw
+Pw=P*v //kW (mistake in book)
+u=15.556 //m/sec
+//Resultant force parallel to the plane R
+R=F+W*sind(theta) //kN (Down the plane)
+s=((420*(15.556^2))/(2*9.81*5.6)) //m
+printf("Power of locomotive=%.4f kW\ns=%.4f m",Pw,s)
+//The answers vary due to round off error
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1fecd1e8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.4/16_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.4.sce', -1)
+Power of locomotive=87.1111 kW
+s=925.0349 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aba7c080d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//A tram car
+//refer fig.16.8 (a),(b) and (c)
+//frictional resistance
+W=120 //kN
+F=5*120/1000 //kN
+v=(20*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+// (1) on level track
+P1=F //kN
+//output power Pw1
+Pw1=P1*v //kW
+eta1=0.8
+//input power Ip1
+Ip1=Pw1/0.8 //kW
+// (2) Up the plane
+P2=F+W*(1/300) //kN
+//output power required Pw2
+Pw2=P2*v //kW
+//Input power of engine Ip2
+Ip2=Pw2/0.8 //kW
+// (3) Down the incline plane
+Pd=F-W*(1/300)
+Pwd=0.2*5.5556 //kW
+//Input power
+Ipd=1.1111/0.8 //kW
+printf("\On level track Input Power=%.3f kW\nUp the plane Input Power=%.3f kW\nDown the incline plane Input Power=%.3f kW",Ip1,Ip2,Ipd)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2eba45c68 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.5/16_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.5.sce', -1)
+On level track Input Power=4.167 kW
+Up the plane Input Power=6.944 kW
+Down the incline plane Input Power=1.389 kW
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..564987fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Police investigation
+//refer fig. 16.9
+//Let the probable speed of the car just before brakes are applied be u m/sec
+//F=0.5*W
+//Final velocity=0
+s=60 //m
+//applying work energy equation
+u=((sqrt(0.5*60*2*9.81))*60*60)/1000 //m/sec
+printf("\nThe probable speed of the car just before brakes are applied is %.2f kmph",u)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a73233fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.6/16_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.6.sce', -1)
+
+The probable speed of the car just before brakes are applied is 87.34 kmph
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e351d1bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Block being pulled
+//refer fig. 16.10 (a) and (b)
+//when pull P is acting
+W=2500 //N
+P=1000 //N
+N=W-P*sind(30)
+mu=0.2
+F=mu*N //N
+//Initial velocity=0
+//Let final velocity be v
+s=30 //m
+//Applying work energy equation for the horizontal motion
+v=sqrt((0.866*1000-400)*30*2*9.81/2500)
+printf("\nv=%.3f m/sec",v)
+//Now if the 1000 N force is removed,let the distance moved before rest be s
+//Initial velocity=10.4745 //m/sec
+//Final velocity=0
+s=(2500*(10.4745^2))/(400*2*9.81) //m
+printf("\ns=%.3f m",s)
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f5014663 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.7/16_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.7.sce', -1)
+
+v=10.474 m/sec
+s=34.950 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c5e9f496 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Small block sliding down the plane
+//refer fig. 16.11 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Length AB
+AB=sqrt((3^2)+(4^2))
+//Consider FBD of the block on inclined plane A
+//It moves down the plane, hence
+//N1=W*0.8
+mu=0.3
+//F1=0.3*W
+//Applying work energy equation for the motion from A to B
+vB=sqrt((0.6-0.24)*5*2*9.81) //m/sec
+//For the motion on horizontal plane
+//final velocity=0
+//Writing work energy equation for the motion along BC
+s=(5.943^2)/(2*9.81*0.3) //m
+printf("\ns=%.2f m",s)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee1b89366 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.8/16_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.8.sce', -1)
+
+s=6.00 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce b/3886/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dcdf4232 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Force P required
+//refer fig. 16.13 (a),(b)
+//The system of forces acting on connecting bodies is shown in figure
+N1=250 //N
+mu=0.3
+F1=mu*N1 //N
+N2=(1000*3)/(5) //N
+F2=0.3*N2 //N
+N3=500 //N
+F3=mu*N3 //N
+//Let the constant force be P
+//writing work energy equation
+P=((250+1000+500)*3*3/(2*9.81*4.5))+75+180+1000*0.8+150 //N
+printf("\nThus P=%.3f N",P)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.txt b/3886/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b2cf51c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH16/EX16.9/16_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\16. Work energy method\16.9.sce', -1)
+
+Thus P=1383.389 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3dcb67a12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//glass marble
+//refer fig. 17.1
+g=9.81 //m/sec^2
+//applying kinematic equations
+//velocity with which marble strikes the floor Vm
+Vm=sqrt(2*g*10) //m/sec (downward)
+//applying kinematic equations
+//Velocity of rebound Vr
+Vr=sqrt(2*g*8) //m/sec (upward)
+//Taking upward direction as positive and applying impulse momentum equation
+//Impulse I
+I=(0.2*(12.52+14.007))/9.81 //N-sec
+//average force F
+F=0.541*10 //N
+printf("\nImpulse=%.3f N-sec\nF=%.2f N",I,F)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b8a655cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.1/17_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.1.sce', -1)
+
+Impulse=0.541 N-sec
+F=5.41 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adb4afc01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Nozzle issuing jet of water
+//refer fig. 17.10 and 17.11 (a) and (b)
+//Weight of water whose momentum is changed in t second is (W)
+//W=(%pi*(0.05^2)*30*9810*t)/4 N
+Px=236.75 //N
+Py=883.58 //N
+P=sqrt((Px^2)+(Py^2)) //N
+//Inclination with horizontal
+theta=atand(Py/Px) //degree
+printf("The force exerted by jet is P=%.3f N\nInclination to horizontal=%.3f degree",P,theta)
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4a6c5d36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.10/17_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.10.sce', -1)
+The force exerted by jet is P=914.748 N
+Inclination to horizontal=75.000 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b839ab0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Vane is moving
+//refer fig. 17.12 (a) and (b)
+//Velocity of approach Va
+Va=20 //m/sec
+//Weight of water impinging in t seconds=385.24*t
+//Velocity of departure Vd
+Vd=30-10 //m/sec
+//Writing impulse momentum equation in x direction
+Px=105.22 //N
+Py=392.70 //N
+P=sqrt((Px^2)+(Py^2)) //N
+//inclination
+theta=atand(Py/Px) //degree
+printf("\nPressure exerted P=%.3f N",P)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28fc05948 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.11/17_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.11.sce', -1)
+
+Pressure exerted P=406.552 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f6e8a9da --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Man moving
+//Weight of man
+W1=800 //N
+v=3 //m/sec
+//Weight of system after man jumps into boat
+W2=800+3200 //N
+//(a) Initial velocity of boat
+//using principle of conservation of momentum
+v=0.6 //m/sec
+//(b) Initial velocity of boat =0.9 m/sec towards the pier
+//Applying principle of conservation of momentum
+v1=-0.12 //m/sec
+printf("\nVelocity of boat and man will be %.3f m/sec towards the pier",-v1)
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b21f6deb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.12/17_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.12.sce', -1)
+
+Velocity of boat and man will be 0.120 m/sec towards the pier
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a9b657e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Car running
+//(1) When three men jump off in succession
+u=0
+v1=10+((700*5)/(11000+3*700))
+v2=v1+((700*5)/(11000+2*700))
+v3=v2+((700*5)/(11000+700)) //m/sec
+//(2) When three men jump together
+v=10+((3*5*700)/(11000+3*700)) //m/sec
+printf("\nWhen three men jump off in succession v=%.3f m/sec\nWhen three men jump together v=%.3f m/sec",v3,v)
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33977cb88 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.13/17_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.13.sce', -1)
+
+When three men jump off in succession v=10.849 m/sec
+When three men jump together v=10.802 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c1e94235 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//car and lorry
+//refer fig. 17.13 (a) and (b)
+//Let the velocity of vehicle after collision be vx in x direction and vy in y direction
+vx=18 //kmph
+//applying impulse momentum equation in y-direction
+vy=12 //kmph
+//Resultant velocity
+v=sqrt((vx^2)+(vy^2)) //kmph
+//its inclination to main road
+theta=atand(vy/vx) //degree
+printf("\nv=%.3f kmph\ntheta=%.3f degree",v,theta)
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50f934b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.14/17_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.14.sce', -1)
+
+v=21.633 kmph
+theta=33.690 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ecdfd4e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//A gun
+//applying principle of conservation of momentum
+v=-5 //m/sec
+printf("\nGun will have a velocity of %.2d m/sec in the direction opposite to that of bullet",-v)
+//Let the gun recoil for a distance s
+//Using work energy equation
+s=(300*25)/(2*9.81*600) //m
+//Applying impulse momentum equation to gun
+t=(300*5)/(600*9.81) //sec
+printf("\ns=%.3f m\nt=%.3f sec",s,t)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a1ab9296 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.15/17_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.15.sce', -1)
+
+Gun will have a velocity of 05 m/sec in the direction opposite to that of bullet
+s=0.637 m
+t=0.255 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f8f1226e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Bullet fired horizontally
+//refer fig. 17.14
+//Let the velocity of the block be u immediately after bullet strikes it
+//Applying work energy principle
+u=1.025 //m/sec
+//Let v be the velocity of the bullet before striking the block
+//Principle of conservation of momentum gives
+v=342.69 //m/sec
+//Initial energy of bullet Ei
+Ei=(0.3*342.69^2)/(2*9.81) //J
+//Energy of the block and the bullet system E
+E=((100+0.3)*1.025^2)/(9.81*2) //J
+//Loss of energy El
+El=1795.68-5.37 //J
+printf("\nv=%.3f m/sec\nLoss of energy=%.3f J",v,El)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2488a637 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.16/17_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.16.sce', -1)
+
+v=342.690 m/sec
+Loss of energy=1790.310 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..858265a7b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Bullet
+//refer fig. 17.15
+//Initial momentum of the system=Final momentum
+v=21.31 //m/sec
+//Kinetic Energy lost= Initial K.E- Final K.E
+loss=((0.5*400^2)/(9.81*2)+(30*15^2)/(2*9.81))-((30.5*21.31^2)/(2*9.81)) //J
+printf("\nLoss of energy=%.3f J",loss)
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9dbeb7a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.17/17_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.17.sce', -1)
+
+Loss of energy=3715.569 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b41aa5d48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//A pile hammer
+u=0
+h=0.75 //m
+g=9.81 //m/sec^2
+//at the time of strike
+v=sqrt(2*g*h) //m/sec
+//Applying principle of conservation of momentum of pile and hammer
+V=(20*3.836)/(30) //m/sec
+//Applying work energy equation
+R=130000/1000 //kN
+printf("\nResistance to penetration of the ground=%.3f kN",R)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8aa93ee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.19/17_19.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.19.sce', -1)
+
+Resistance to penetration of the ground=130.000 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62ab5d8b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//batsman
+//refer fig 17.2 (a) and (b)
+//Let Fx be the horizontal component and Fy be the vertical component
+//Applying impulse momentum equation in horizontal direction
+Fx=(48*cosd(30)+20)/(9.81*0.02) //N
+//Applying impulse momentum equation in vertical direction
+Fy=(48*sind(30))/(9.81*0.02) //N
+//Resultant force
+F=sqrt(((Fx)^2)+((Fy)^2)) //N
+theta=atand(Fy/Fx) //degree
+printf("\nF=%.3f N\ntheta=%.3f degree",F,theta)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84916dc9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.2/17_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.2.sce', -1)
+
+F=336.807 N
+theta=21.296 degree
+-->
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f18560949 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//A pile hammer
+h=0.6 //m
+v=sqrt(2*9.81*0.6) //m/sec
+V=(15*3.431)/(22.5) //m/sec
+//Applying work energy equation
+s=(22.5*2.287^2)/(2*9.81*117.5) //m
+printf("\ns=%.3f m",s)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb9e41d99 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.20/17_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.20.sce', -1)
+
+s=0.051 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97b59b2ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Hammer
+//refer fig.17.17
+//Applying impulse momentum equation
+V=4.808 //m/sec
+//Applying work energy equation to the system
+R=306.3 //N
+printf("Resistance of the block=%.3f N",R)
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64ba847e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.21/17_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.21.sce', -1)
+Resistance of the block=306.300 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47c06a9c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Block in contact with level plane
+//refer fig. 17.3
+//Normal reaction
+N=1500 //N
+mu=0.1
+F=mu*N //N
+//Applying impulse momentum equation in the horizontal direction
+t=(1500*(16-0))/(9.81*(300-150)) //sec
+//If force is then removed, the only horizontal force is F=150 N
+//Applying impulse momentum equation
+t1=-(1500*(0-16))/(9.81*(300-150)) //sec
+printf("\nThe block takes %.3f sec before comming to rest",t)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..627e5831a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.3/17_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.3.sce', -1)
+
+The block takes 16.310 sec before comming to rest
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cad50745b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Automobile moving
+//refer fig. 17.4
+//initial velocity
+u=19.44 //m/sec
+//final velocity
+v=0
+//applying impulse momentum equation
+//t=1.982/mu
+//on concrete road
+t1=1.982/0.75 //sec
+//on ice
+t2=1.982/0.08 //sec
+printf("\nOn concrete road t=%.3f sec\nOn ice t=%.3f sec",t1,t2)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77aa18007 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.4/17_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.4.sce', -1)
+
+On concrete road t=2.643 sec
+On ice t=24.775 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf5fc2e6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Block on inclined plane
+//refer fig. 17.5
+theta=atand(5/12) //degree
+N=130*cosd(theta) //N
+mu=0.3
+F=mu*N //N
+//Force down the plane
+R=130*sind(theta)-36 //N
+u=2.4 //m/sec
+//v is final velocity
+t=5 //sec
+//applying impulse momentum equation
+v=((14*5*9.81)/(130))+2.4 //m/sec
+printf("\nv=%.3f m/sec",v)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b000fd28c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.5/17_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.5.sce', -1)
+
+v=7.682 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a43fc161 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//moving weight
+//refer fig.17.6 (a),(b)and(c)
+//first method
+//For 2000 N block
+W1=2000 //N
+mu=0.2
+N1=W1*cosd(30) //N
+F1=mu*N1 //N
+//For 1800N block
+W2=1800 //N
+N2=W2*cosd(60) //N
+F2=mu*N2 //N
+//Let T be the tension in the chord
+u=0
+v=9.81 //m/sec
+//applying impulse momentum equation for the 2000 N block in upward direction parallel to the plane
+//(T-1346.41)*t=2000
+//Applying impulse momentum equation for 1800 N block
+T=1363.48 //N
+//Thus
+t=117.11 //sec
+printf("\nBy first method-\nT=%.2d N\nt=%.2d sec",T,t)
+//second method
+//Writing impulse momentum equation in the direction of motion
+t1=117.11 //sec
+//To find tension in the chord, consider impulse momentum equation of any block
+T1=1363.48 //N
+printf("\nBy second method-\nt=%.3f sec\nT=%.3f N",t1,T1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..763a024b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.6/17_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.6.sce', -1)
+
+By first method-
+T=1363 N
+t=117 sec
+By second method-
+t=117.110 sec
+T=1363.480 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53d4672c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Tensions in the strings
+//refer fig. 17.7
+//Case (a)- Initial velocity u=0 t=5 sec
+//Writing impulse momentum equation for 500 N block and 1500 N block and solving obtained equations
+v=7.007 //m/sec
+T=642.86 //N
+//Case (b)-Initial velocity u=3 m/sec
+//Writing impulse momentum equation for 500 N block and 1500 N block and solving obtained equations
+v1=9.15 //m/sec
+T1=655.96 //N
+printf("\nFor case (a)\nv=%.3f m/sec\nT=%.3f N",v,T)
+printf("\nFor case (b)\nv=%.3f m/sec\nT=%.3f N",v1,T1)
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df0bc479b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.7/17_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.7.sce', -1)
+
+For case (a)
+v=7.007 m/sec
+T=642.860 N
+For case (b)
+v=9.150 m/sec
+T=655.960 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a78527e08 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Frictionless pulleys
+//refer fig. 17.8 (a) and (b)
+//consider combined FBD of the system
+N1=500 //N
+F1=0.2*500 //N
+N2=1000*cosd(30) //N
+F2=0.2*N2 //N
+//writing impulse momentum equation
+v=20.19 //m/sec
+printf("\nv=%.3f m/sec",v)
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd36b8836 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.8/17_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.8.sce', -1)
+
+v=20.190 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce b/3886/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..151af432a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Value of P
+//refer fig. 17.9 (a),(b)and(c)
+//Let t1 be the time required to bring the system to rest
+N=1000 //N
+F=0.2*1000 //N
+//Applying impulse momentum equation upto stationary condition and leftward motion and solving those equations by trial and error method we get
+P=645.74 //N
+printf("Value of P is %.3f N",P)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.txt b/3886/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d78b844a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH17/EX17.9/17_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\17. Impulse momentum\17.9.sce', -1)
+Value of P is 645.740 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bec05db58 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Direct central impact
+//Refer fig. 18.3
+u1=6 //m/sec
+u2=-10 //m/sec
+//Principle of conservation of momentum
+//2*v1+v2=2
+//From the defination of coefficient of restitution
+//v2-v1=12.8
+//solving
+v1=-3.6 //m/sec
+v2=12.8-(-v1) //m/sec
+printf("\nv1=%.2f m/sec\nv2=%.2f m/sec",v1,v2)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b151eecff --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.1.sce', -1)
+
+v1=-3.60 m/sec
+v2=9.20 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8304cbd87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Ball dropped from height
+//refer fig. 18.11
+g=9.81 //m/sec^2
+h0=1.2 //m
+uy=sqrt(2*g*h0) //downward
+h1=1 //m
+v1y=sqrt(2*9.81*h1) //upwards
+e=sqrt(1/1.2)
+//Time of flight
+t1=(2*sqrt(2*9.81*1))/(9.81) //sec
+ux=0.4/0.903 //m/sec
+//Vertical component of velocity after second bounce
+v2y=0.903*sqrt(2*9.81*1) //m/sec
+h2=((v2y)^2)/(2*9.81) //m
+t2=(2*4)/(9.81) //sec
+//Horizontal range
+D2=0.443*0.815 //m
+printf("\ne=%.3f \nh2=%.3f m \nD2=%.3f m ",e,h2,D2)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..529e046b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.11.sce', -1)
+
+e=0.913
+h2=0.815 m
+D2=0.361 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef9595f61 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Sphere
+//refere fig. 18.12
+u1=3 //m/sec
+u2=0.6 //m/sec
+//From principle of conservation of momentum
+//v1+5*v2=6
+//From the defination of coefficient of restitution
+//v2-v1=1.8
+//solving
+v1=6-1.3*5 //m/sec
+//The velocity of first ball is reversed after impact
+//Loss of K.E.=Initial K.E.-final K.E.
+loss=1.07 //joules
+printf("\nLoss=%.3f joules",loss)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96348bb34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.12.sce', -1)
+
+Loss=1.070 joules
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b364d5fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Loss in K.E.
+uAX=7.79 //m/sec
+uBX=-6 //m/sec
+vAX=-5.31 //m/sec
+vBX=7.104 //m/sec
+//mass of the ball m
+m=10/9.81
+//Loss of K.E.
+loss=(10*((7.79^2)+(6*6)-(5.31*5.31)-(7.104*7.104)))/(2*9.81) //J
+printf("\nLoss of K.E.=%.3f J",loss)
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01fca8cb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.13.sce', -1)
+
+Loss of K.E.=9.185 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccd33e2df --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Body moving to the right
+v2=3 //m/sec
+u2=-10 //m/sec
+v2=4 //m/sec
+//Applying principles of conservation of momentum
+v1=((80*3)-100-40)/(80) //m/sec
+//Defination of coeff. of restitution gives
+e=(4-1.25)/(3+10)
+printf("\nv1=%.3f m/sec\ne=%.3f ",v1,e)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c9afcc00 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.2.sce', -1)
+
+v1=1.250 m/sec
+e=0.212
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74427d055 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//A golf ball
+h0=10 //m
+//u1=sqrt(2*g*h0)
+u2=0
+v2=0
+//defination of coefficient of restitution gives
+//v1=%e*sqrt(2*g*h0) in upward direction
+//From kinematic equation
+h1=10*0.894^2 //m
+//After second bounce
+h2=6.388 //m
+//After third bounce
+h3=5.105 //m
+printf("\nh1=%.3f m\nAfter second bounce h2=%.3f m\nAfter third bounce h3=%.3f m",h1,h2,h3)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff717eafa --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.3.sce', -1)
+
+h1=7.992 m
+After second bounce h2=6.388 m
+After third bounce h3=5.105 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97d3dc681 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Ball is dropped from height
+u1=sqrt(2*9.81*1) //m/sec
+v1=-sqrt(2*9.81*0.810) //m/sec
+//There is no movement of the floor before and after striking
+//u2=0
+//v2=0
+//From the defination of coefficient of restitution
+e=(3.987/4.429)
+//Let the velocity of the ball after second bounce be v2
+v2=e*3.987 //m/sec upward
+//Expected height h2
+h2=(3.576^2)/(2*9.81) //m
+printf("\nCoefficient of restitution=%.3f \nExpected height of second bounce h2=%.4f m",e,h2)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed7b52339 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.4.sce', -1)
+
+Coefficient of restitution=0.900
+Expected height of second bounce h2=0.6518 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7f2d06c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Ball in frictionless tube
+//refer fif. 18.4
+u1=sqrt(2*9.81*2) //m/sec
+u2=0
+//By principle of conservation of momentum
+//v1+2*v2=6.264
+//From defination of coefficient of restitution
+//case(1)-e=1
+//v2-v1=6.264
+//solving
+v2=4.176 //m/sec
+v1=6.264-(2*4.176) //m/sec
+//Let h be the height to which hanging ball will rise
+//Change in K.E=Work Done
+h=(v2^2)/(2*9.81) //m
+//case(2)- e=0.7
+//v2-v1=4.385
+//solving
+bv2=(6.264+4.385)/(3) //m/sec
+//Height to which ball will rise
+h2=(bv2^2)/(2*9.81) //m
+printf("\nCase(1)-\nh=%.4f m\nCase(2)-\nh2=%.4f m ",h,h2)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c940a833 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.5.sce', -1)
+
+Case(1)-
+h=0.8888 m
+Case(2)-
+h2=0.6422 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddd12ae7e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Two identical balls
+//refer fig. 18.5 and 18.6 (a) and (b)
+//Before impact
+uAY=4.5 //m/sec
+uAX=7.794 //m/sec
+uBY=10.392 //m/sec
+uBX=-6 //m/sec
+vAY=uAY //m/sec
+vBY=uBY //m/sec
+//Applying principle of conservation of momentum
+//vAX+vBX=1.794
+//From defination of coefficient of restitution
+//vBX-vAX=12.415
+//Solving
+vBX=(12.415+1.794)/(2) //m/sec
+vAX=1.794-7.104 //m/sec
+vA=sqrt((5.31^2)+(4.5^2)) //m/sec
+thetaA=atand(4.5/5.31) //degree
+vB=sqrt((7.104^2)+(10.392^2)) //m/sec
+thetaB=atand(10.392/7.104) //degree
+printf("\nvA=%.3f m/sec\nthetaA=%.3f degree\nvB=%.3f m/sec\nthetaB=%.3f degree",vA,thetaA,vB,thetaB)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f65b21b53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.6.sce', -1)
+
+vA=6.960 m/sec
+thetaA=40.280 degree
+vB=12.588 m/sec
+thetaB=55.643 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff68f5661 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Ball is dropped
+//refer fig. 18.7
+//Normal to line of impact
+u1x=1.986 //m/sec
+//In the line of impact
+u1y=-7.411 //m/sec
+//Let the velocity after impact be v1
+v1x=u1x
+//Initial and final velocities of floor=0
+//From the defination of coefficient of restitution
+v1y=sqrt((1.986^2)+(5.929^2)) //m/sec
+theta=atand(v1x/v1y) //degree to the line of impact
+//Inclination to the plane
+I=90-18.52 //degree The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\nv1=%.3f m/sec\nInclination to the plane=%.3f degree",v1,I)
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e8967ca4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.7.sce', -1)
+
+v1=6.253 m/sec
+Inclination to the plane=71.480 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.sce b/3886/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71f747103 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Ball falls vertically
+//refer fig. 18.8
+//Velocity of the ball which striking plane=3*g
+//Component of velocity down the plane=3*g*sind(20)
+//Component of velocity in the line of impact before striking
+//vy=-3*g*cosd(20)
+//velocity after the impact after striking plane
+//vy=2.4*g*cosd(20)
+//Acceleration in the line of impact=-g*cosd(20)
+//Using kinematic equation
+t=4.8 //sec
+//vx=3*g*sind(20)
+//Acceleration in this direction=g*sind(20)
+//Distance travelled in 4.8 sec
+s=(3*9.81*t*sind(20))-((9.81*t*t*sind(20))/(2)) //m The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\nt=%.4f sec\ns=%.4f m",t,s)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.txt b/3886/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4f27fea6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\18. Impact of elastic bodies\18.8.sce', -1)
+
+t=4.8000 sec
+s=9.6630 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.sce b/3886/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19f20d038 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Automobile moving on road
+//refer fig. 19.7
+v=13.889 //m/sec
+//case (1)-When vehicle is at A
+CFF1=(25*13.889^2)/(9.81*80) //kN
+//Vertical reaction
+R1=25-6.145 //kN
+//case (2)-When automobile is at B
+CFF2=(25*13.889^2)/(9.81*120) //kN
+R2=25+4.097 //kN
+//case (3)-On level track at C
+R3=25 //kN
+printf("\nWhen vehicle is at A, vertical reaction=%.3f kN\nWhen automobile is at B, vertical reaction=%.3f kN\nOn level track at C, vertical reaction=%.3f kN ",R1,R2,R3)
diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.txt b/3886/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..641ebb6d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.1/19_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\19. Circular motion of rigid bodies\19.1.sce', -1)
+
+When vehicle is at A, vertical reaction=18.855 kN
+When automobile is at B, vertical reaction=29.097 kN
+On level track at C, vertical reaction=25.000 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.2/19_2.sce b/3886/CH19/EX19.2/19_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96fb9fc91 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.2/19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Car on road
+//refer fig. 19.8
+//Consider dynamic equilibrium of car
+v=sqrt(0.4*9.81*50)*((60*60)/(1000)) //kmph
+//Limiting speed from the consideration of preventing overturning
+//Taking moment about point of contact of outer wheel with road and noting that R1=0 when the vehicle is about to overturn
+//Limiting speed v=50.42 kmph
+//If the vehicle moves with a velocity of 40 kmph
+v=11.111 //m/sec
+//Taking moment about outer wheel
+R1=5.612 //kN
+R2=15-R1 //kN
+printf("\nLimiting speed v=50.42\nR1=%.3f kN\nR2=%.3f kN",R1,R2)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.2/19_2.txt b/3886/CH19/EX19.2/19_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76ae615fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.2/19_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\19. Circular motion of rigid bodies\19.2.sce', -1)
+
+Limiting speed v=50.42
+R1=5.612 kN
+R2=9.388 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.3/19_3.sce b/3886/CH19/EX19.3/19_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfab3e396 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.3/19_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//Angle of banking
+v=33.33 //m/sec
+//If alpha is the angle of banking then
+alpha=atand((v^2)/(9.81*200)) //degree
+printf("\nalpha=%.3f degree",alpha)
diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.3/19_3.txt b/3886/CH19/EX19.3/19_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..efff762de --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.3/19_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\19. Circular motion of rigid bodies\19.3.sce', -1)
+
+alpha=29.519 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.sce b/3886/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..702b91b0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Vehicle moving round a curve
+r=40 //m
+mu=0.4
+//(1) On level road, limiting speed from the consideration of avoiding skidding
+v=sqrt(0.4*9.81*40) //m/sec
+//(2) On a road banked to an inclination of 1 in 10
+v1=sqrt((9.81*40*(0.4+0.1))/(1-0.4*0.1)) //m/sec
+//If lateral forces are not to be experienced
+v3=sqrt(0.1*9.81*40) //m/sec
+printf("\nOn level road v=%.3f m/sec\nOn a road banked v=%.3f m/sec\nIf lateral forces are not to be experienced v=%.3f m/sec",v,v1,v3)
diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.txt b/3886/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67eb8e844 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.4/19_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\19. Circular motion of rigid bodies\19.4.sce', -1)
+
+On level road v=12.528 m/sec
+On a road banked v=14.296 m/sec
+If lateral forces are not to be experienced v=6.264 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.5/19_5.sce b/3886/CH19/EX19.5/19_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb9238806 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.5/19_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Car going around a curve
+//refer fig. 19.9
+v=26.667 //m/sec
+F=20*(((26.667^2)/(9.81*60))-sind(30)) //kN
+//Taking moment about point of contact of outer wheel with road surface, we get
+R1=20*(((0.8*sind(30))/(1.6))+((cosd(30))/(2))+((26.667^2)/(9.81*60))*(((sind(30))/(2))-((0.8*cosd(30))/(1.6)))) //kN
+//Taking summation of forces normal to road surface
+R2=(20*((cosd(30))+(((sind(30))*26.667^2)/(9.81*60))))-9.238 //kN
+printf("\nR1=%.3f kN\nR2=%.3f kN",R1,R2)
diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.5/19_5.txt b/3886/CH19/EX19.5/19_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef06351de --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.5/19_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\19. Circular motion of rigid bodies\19.5.sce', -1)
+
+R1=9.238 kN
+R2=20.164 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.sce b/3886/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69353bff5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Super elevation
+G=1.68 //m
+r=800 //m
+//(1)
+v=16.667 //m/sec
+alpha=atand((v^2)/(9.81*800)) //degree
+//Super elevation
+e=1000*G*tand(alpha) //mm
+//(2)
+v2=22.222 //m/sec
+F2=1000*(((0.99937*22.222^2)/(9.81*800))-0.03537) //kN
+printf("\ne=%.3f mm\nF=%.3f kN",e,F2)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.txt b/3886/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93ea7c503 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.6/19_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\19. Circular motion of rigid bodies\19.6.sce', -1)
+
+e=59.466 mm
+F=27.513 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.sce b/3886/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aaed16aeb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Aeroplane
+//refer fig. 19.10
+r=1300 //m
+W=8 //kN
+v=(400*1000)/(60*60) //m/sec
+//Angle of bank
+alpha=atand((111.111^2)/(9.81*1300)) //degree
+//Lift under flight condition is
+N=80*((cosd(alpha))+(((sind(alpha))*111.111^2)/(9.81*1300))) //kN
+printf("\nalpha=%.2f degree\nN=%.2f kN",alpha,N)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.txt b/3886/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48f1f3158 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH19/EX19.7/19_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\19. Circular motion of rigid bodies\19.7.sce', -1)
+
+alpha=44.07 degree
+N=111.34 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a27271764 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_1.sce', -1)
+Magnitude of forces are :-
+ F1=100 N
+ F2=200 N
+Angle between the forces is :-
+ theta=63.9 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1187f80da --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +
+
+Startup execution:
+ loading initial environment
+--> //Determining horizontal force F
+--> //From fig 2.14(b)
+--> //Resolving the forces
+--> //Fy=0 gives
+--> R=1500/cosd(30) //N
+ R =
+
+ 1732.0508
+--> //Fx=0 gives
+--> F=R*sind(30) //N
+ F =
+
+ 866.0254
+--> printf("Horizontal force of F=%.0f N is required to be applied",F)
+Horizontal force of F=866 N is required to be applied
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13b004ff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Determining horizontal force F
+//From fig 2.14(b)
+//Resolving the forces
+//Fy=0 gives
+R=1500/cosd(30) //N
+//Fx=0 gives
+F=R*sind(30) //N
+printf("Horizontal force of F=%.0f N is required to be applied",F)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.11/2_11.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.11/2_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b8da0e66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.11/2_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + --> //Finding forces developed in wires
+--> //applying Lami's theorem
+--> T1=150*sind(90+60)/sind(45+30) //N
+ T1 =
+
+ 77.645714
+--> T2=150*sind(180-45)/sind(45+30) //N
+ T2 =
+
+ 109.80762
+--> printf("The forces in the wires are:-\nT1=%.1f N \nT2=%.1f N",T1,T2)
+The forces in the wires are:-
+T1=77.6 N
+T2=109.8 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..033ee5920 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Finding forces developed in wires
+//applying Lami's theorem
+T1=150*sind(90+60)/sind(45+30) //N
+T2=150*sind(180-45)/sind(45+30) //N
+printf("The forces in the wires are:-\nT1=%.1f N \nT2=%.1f N",T1,T2)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.12/2_12.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.12/2_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dc08eb40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.12/2_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + --> //Determine reactions at contact
+--> //Refer fig.2.16(b)
+--> //applying Lami's Theorem
+--> R1=400*sind(180-45)/sind(60+45) //N
+ R1 =
+
+ 292.82032
+--> R2=400*sind(180-60)/sind(60+45) //N
+ R2 =
+
+ 358.63019
+--> printf("The reactions developed are:-\nR1=%.1f N \nR2=%.1f N",R1,R2)
+The reactions developed are:-
+R1=292.8 N
+R2=358.6 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3f8a027f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Determine reactions at contact
+//Refer fig.2.16(b)
+//applying Lami's Theorem
+R1=400*sind(180-45)/sind(60+45) //N
+R2=400*sind(180-60)/sind(60+45) //N
+printf("The reactions developed are:-\nR1=%.1f N \nR2=%.1f N",R1,R2)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.13/2_13.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.13/2_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28ecd955d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.13/2_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + --> //To determine force in the bar and floor reaction
+--> //Refer Fig. 2.17(b)
+--> //Equilibrium equation gives
+--> S=(7*cosd(45)-5)/cosd(30) //kN
+ S =
+
+ -0.0580266
+--> R=10+7*sind(45)-S*sind(30) //kN
+ R =
+
+ 14.978761
+--> printf("Tensile force in the bar has magnitude %.3f kN and Reaction from floor is R=%.3f kN",-S,R)
+Tensile force in the bar has magnitude 0.058 kN and Reaction from floor is R=14.979 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76eb251fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//To determine force in the bar and floor reaction
+//Refer Fig. 2.17(b)
+//Equilibrium equation gives
+S=(7*cosd(45)-5)/cosd(30) //kN
+R=10+7*sind(45)-S*sind(30) //kN
+printf("Tensile force in the bar has magnitude %.3f kN and Reaction from floor is R=%.3f kN",-S,R)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.14/2_14.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.14/2_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a8b93f7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.14/2_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + --> // Finding magnitude of F
+--> //When F is applied at point B,refer fig 2.18(a)and(b)
+--> //From triangle AOC
+--> OC=300-150
+ OC =
+
+ 150.
+--> AO=300
+ AO =
+
+ 300.
+--> alpha=acosd(OC/AO) //degree
+ alpha =
+
+ 60.
+--> //from triangle AOB using geometry we get angle OBA=30 degree
+--> //Resolving the forces we get
+--> R=2000/cosd(30) //N
+ R =
+
+ 2309.4011
+--> F=R*sind(30) //N
+ F =
+
+ 1154.7005
+--> printf("Least force through point B is F=%.1f N",F)
+Least force through point B is F=1154.7 N--> //Least force required through the centre of roller
+--> //Assume that F makes an angle theta with the horizontal
+--> //Refer fig. 2.19 (a) and (b)
+--> //Resolving the forces we get
+--> //F*cosd(theta)=R*sind(60)...(1)
+--> //F*sind(theta)+R*cosd(60)=W...(2)
+--> //Solving (1) and (2) we get
+--> //sind(theta)+cotd(60)*cosd(theta)=W/F
+--> //For obtaining maximum value of W/F we differentiate W/F w.r.t. theta and we get
+--> theta=acotd(cotd(60)) //degree
+ theta =
+
+ 60.
+--> //Least value of F is observed when it is at right angle to reaction R
+--> Fmin=2000*sind(60) //N
+ Fmin =
+
+ 1732.0508
+--> printf("\nLeast force through the centre of roller is Fmin=%.0f N",Fmin)
+
+Least force through the centre of roller is Fmin=1732 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d9c976e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Finding magnitude of F
+//When F is applied at point B,refer fig 2.18(a)and(b)
+//From triangle AOC
+OC=300-150
+AO=300
+alpha=acosd(OC/AO) //degree
+//from triangle AOB using geometry we get angle OBA=30 degree
+//Resolving the forces we get
+R=2000/cosd(30) //N
+F=R*sind(30) //N
+printf("Least force through point B is F=%.1f N",F)
+//Least force required through the centre of roller
+//Assume that F makes an angle theta with the horizontal
+//Refer fig. 2.19 (a) and (b)
+//Resolving the forces we get
+//F*cosd(theta)=R*sind(60)...(1)
+//F*sind(theta)+R*cosd(60)=W...(2)
+//Solving (1) and (2) we get
+//sind(theta)+cotd(60)*cosd(theta)=W/F
+//For obtaining maximum value of W/F we differentiate W/F w.r.t. theta and we get
+theta=acotd(cotd(60)) //degree
+//Least value of F is observed when it is at right angle to reaction R
+Fmin=2000*sind(60) //N
+printf("\nLeast force through the centre of roller is Fmin=%.0f N",Fmin)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.15/2_15.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.15/2_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4e3258fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.15/2_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + --> //Determining the forces in bars AB and AC
+--> //Refer fig 2.20(a) and (b)
+--> //Select AB and AC as x and y axes
+--> //Resolving the forces we get
+--> F1=0 //N
+ F1 =
+
+ 0.
+--> F2=40*cosd(30) //N
+ F2 =
+
+ 34.641016
+--> printf("Force in bar AB is F1=%.0f N and force in bar AC is F2=%.1f N",F1,F2)
+Force in bar AB is F1=0 N and force in bar AC is F2=34.6 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45826bb0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Determining the forces in bars AB and AC
+//Refer fig 2.20(a) and (b)
+//Select AB and AC as x and y axes
+//Resolving the forces we get
+F1=0 //N
+F2=40*cosd(30) //N
+printf("Force in bar AB is F1=%.0f N and force in bar AC is F2=%.1f N",F1,F2)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.16/2_16.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.16/2_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46f93d825 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.16/2_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_16.sce', -1)
+
+the various forces are:-
+T1=224.1 N
+T2=183.0 N
+T3=336.6 N
+T4=326.8 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36811d549 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Forces in various segments of cable
+//Refer fig. 2.21 (a) and (b)
+//Apply Lami's theorem at point D
+T1=250*sind(180-60)/sind(60+45) //N
+T2=250*sind(90+45)/sind(60+45) //N
+//Now consider system of forces acting at B
+//Resolving the forces we get
+T3=(T2*cosd(60)+200)/cosd(30) //N
+T4=T3*sind(30)+T2*sind(60) //N
+printf("\nthe various forces are:-\nT1=%.1f N\nT2=%.1f N\nT3=%.1f N\nT4=%.1f N",T1,T2,T3,T4)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.17/2_17.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.17/2_17.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c48f19d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.17/2_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_17.sce', -1)
+The load required to be connected at point D is W=2863.6 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8def98ef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Load required at point D
+//Refer fig. 2.22 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Using simple geometry we have
+alpha=acosd(1.3125/1.5) //degree
+Beta=acosd(2-1.3125) //degree
+//Applying Lami's Theorem at point C
+T1=1500*sind(90)/sind(180-alpha) //N
+T2=1500*sind(90+alpha)/sind(180-alpha) //N
+//Applying Lami's Theorem at point B
+T3=T2*sind(90)/sind(90+Beta) //N
+W=T2*sind(180-Beta)/sind(90+Beta) //N
+printf("The load required to be connected at point D is W=%.1f N",W)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.18/2_18.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.18/2_18.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45993c3de --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.18/2_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_18.sce', -1)
+
+The required values are:-
+T1=44.80 kN
+T2=29.24 kN
+T3=25.04 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04b2f780d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//finding tension and inclination
+//refer fig. 2.23 (a),(b) and (c)
+//Applying Lami's theorem at B
+T1=20*sind(50)/sind(180+30-50) //kN
+T2=20*sind(180-30)/sind(180+30-50) //kN
+//now consider equilibrium of forces at point C we get
+//T3*sind(theta)=22.4...(1)
+//T3*cosd(theta)=11.20...(2)
+//from (1) and (2) we get
+theta=atand(2) //degree
+//then (1) gives
+T3=T2*sind(50)/sind(theta) //kN
+printf("\nThe required values are:-\nT1=%.2f kN\nT2=%.2f kN\nT3=%.2f kN",T1,T2,T3)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.19/2_19.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.19/2_19.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45ecb131a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.19/2_19.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_19.sce', -1)
+
+The required values are:-
+T1=38.97 kN
+T2=23.85 kN
+T3=22.50 kN
+theta=54.77 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..609b37097 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//determine tension and inclination
+//Refer fig. 2.24 (a),(b) and (c)
+//consider equilibrium at point B,we get
+//T2*sind(theta)=T1*sind(30)...(1)
+//T2*cosd(theta)=T1*sind(30)-20...(2)
+//consider equilibrium at point C,we get
+//T2*sind(theta)=T3*sind(60)...(3)
+//T2*cosd(theta)=-T3*cosd(60)+25...(4)
+//solving (1) and (3) we get
+//T1=T3*sqrt(3)...(5)
+//solving (2) and (4) and substituting (5) we get
+T3=45/2 //kN
+T1=T3*sqrt(3) //kN
+//then (1)/(2) gives
+theta=atand(1.416) //degree
+T2=19.48/sind(theta) //kN
+printf("\nThe required values are:-\nT1=%.2f kN\nT2=%.2f kN\nT3=%.2f kN\ntheta=%.2f degree",T1,T2,T3,theta)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52ef601ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_2.sce', -1)
+Horizontal and vertical components respectively are:-
+ Fx=10.00 kN (towards left)
+ Fy=17.32 kN (Downward)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.20/2_20.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.20/2_20.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea1a888a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.20/2_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_20.sce', -1)
+
+The reactions are:-
+RA=433.0 N
+RB=250.0 N
+RC=721.7 N
+RD=577.4 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92234f9ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Reactions developed at contacts
+//Refer fig. 2.25(a),(b and (c)
+//consider equilibrium of cylinder 1
+//using conditions of equilibrium we get
+RA=500*cosd(30) //N
+RB=500*sind(30) //N
+//Consider equilibrium of cylinder 2
+//using conditions of equilibrium we get
+RC=(500+250*sind(30))/cosd(30) //N
+RD=RC*sind(30)+250*cosd(30) //N
+printf("\nThe reactions are:-\nRA=%.1f N\nRB=%.1f N\nRC=%.1f N\nRD=%.1f N",RA,RB,RC,RD)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.21/2_21.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.21/2_21.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d83233754 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.21/2_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_21.sce', -1)
+
+The reactions are:-
+RA=1066.7 N
+RB=1333.3 N
+RC=3066.7 N
+RD=2828.4 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06c4ef72b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//reactions developed at contact surfaces
+//Refer fig. 2.26 (a),(b) and (c)
+//using geometry
+theta=acosd(0.8) //degree
+//consider equilibrium of cylinder 1
+//Using equilibrium conditions
+RB=800/sind(theta) //N
+RA=RB*cosd(theta) //N
+//consider equilibrium of cylinder 2
+//Using equilibrium conditions
+RD=((RB*sind(theta))+1200)/cosd(45) //N
+RC=RD*sind(45)+RB*cosd(theta) //N
+printf("\nThe reactions are:-\nRA=%.1f N\nRB=%.1f N\nRC=%.1f N\nRD=%.1f N",RA,RB,RC,RD)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.22/2_22.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.22/2_22.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23d53e936 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.22/2_22.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_22.sce', -1)
+
+The reactions are:-
+RA=200.0 N
+RB=600.0 N
+RC=200.0 N
+RD=632.5 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76e7694fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//determine the reactions developed at contact points
+//refer fig. 2.27 (a),(b) and (c)
+//considering the equilibrium conditions of cylinders we have
+RB=600 //N
+alpha=atand(450/150) //degree
+RD=RB/sind(alpha) //N
+RC=RD*cosd(alpha) //N
+RA=RC //N
+printf("\nThe reactions are:-\nRA=%.1f N\nRB=%.1f N\nRC=%.1f N\nRD=%.1f N",RA,RB,RC,RD)
+//The answers vary due to round off error
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.23/2_23.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.23/2_23.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a07c5897b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.23/2_23.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_23.sce', -1)
+P=1071.8 N is required to hold the system in given position.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3bb15dd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Force P required to hold the system
+//Refer to fig. 2.28 (a),(b)&(c)
+//Applying Lami's Theorem at A we get
+C=4000*sind(180-60)/sind(60+90-15) //N
+//Applying equilibrium conditions B
+P=(-2000*cosd(45)+C*cosd(60))/cosd(15) //N
+printf("P=%.1f N is required to hold the system in given position.",P)
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8cf16c3a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_3.sce', -1)
+The normal and parallel components respectively are :-
+ Wn=9.40 kN
+ Wp=3.42 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f25a1debc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Components of block normal to and parallel to inclined plane
+//Let Wn be the normal component and Wp be the parallel component
+//Refer fig. 2.5(b),triangle ABC
+Wn=10*cosd(20) //kN
+Wp=10*sind(20) //kN
+printf("The normal and parallel components respectively are :-\n Wn=%.2f kN\n Wp=%.2f kN",Wn,Wp)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36d030bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_4.sce', -1)
+
+The resultant is R=161.5 N
+The inclination of resultant w.r.t. positive x-axis is alpha=18.81 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76affa39e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Resultant of three forces that are acting on a hook
+//Resolving all forces along x and y axis gives
+Fx=70*cosd(50)+80*cosd(25)+50*cosd(45) //N
+Fy=70*sind(50)+80*sind(25)-50*sind(45) //N
+R=sqrt(Fx^2+Fy^2) //N
+alpha=atand(Fy/Fx) //degree
+printf("\nThe resultant is R=%.1f N \nThe inclination of resultant w.r.t. positive x-axis is alpha=%.2f degree",R,alpha)
+//The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8117022d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + The resultant of given forces :-
+R=160.2 N.
+Inclination of resultant w.r.t X-axis :-
+alpha=24.1 degree.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7c6c6239 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Determining the resultant
+clc
+//Given-
+//inclination of 200N force with x axis calculated by using slope of 200N force as shown in fig.2.8
+theta1=atand(1/2) //degree
+//inclination of 120N force with x axis calculated by using slope of 120N force as shown in fig.2.8
+theta2=atand(4/3) //degree
+//summation of forces in X direction
+Fx=200*cosd(26.565)-120*cosd(53.13)-50*cosd(60)+100*sind(40) //N
+//summation of forces in Y direction
+Fy=200*sind(26.565)+120*sind(53.13)-50*sind(60)-100*cosd(40) //N
+//Resultant
+R=sqrt((Fx)^2+(Fy)^2) //N
+//inclination of resultant w.r.t X axis
+alpha=atand(65.5/146.2) //degree
+printf("The resultant of given forces :-\nR=%.1f N.\n",R)
+printf("Inclination of resultant w.r.t X-axis :-\nalpha=%.1f degree.",alpha)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..748e11388 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_6.sce', -1)
+The resultant has magnitude R=234 N directed up the plane
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f47c7d20f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Determine Resultant Force
+//From given data
+T=1200 //N
+F=100 //N
+N=500 //N
+W=1000 //N
+theta=60 //degree
+//Taking co-ordinate system parallel and perpendicular to plane as x and y axis and resolving the forces
+Fx=T-F-W*sind(theta) //N
+Fy=N-W*cosd(theta) //N
+R=sqrt(Fx^2+Fy^2)
+printf("The resultant has magnitude R=%.0f N directed up the plane",R)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52fc22652 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_7.sce', -1)
+The third force is F=467.2 N and makes an angle of theta=61.08 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71b465ef7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Finding the third force F
+//Assume that the third force F makes an angle theta with x-axis
+//Resolving the forces we get
+//F*cosd(theta)=-225.9...(1) //N
+//F*sind(theta)=-408.9...(2) //N
+//Then (2)/(1) gives
+theta=atand(-408.9/-225.9) //degree
+F=sqrt(225.9^2+408.9^2) //N
+printf("The third force is F=%.1f N and makes an angle of theta=%.2f degree",F,theta)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee13f3330 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_8.sce', -1)
+Required value of theta=6.31 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..398e033aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Determining the value of theta
+//x and y axes are selected as shown in fig. 2.11
+//As the resultant is directed along x-axis,component of resultant in y-direction is zero
+//Fy=0 gives
+theta=(asind(0.833/(2*cosd(20))))-20 //degree
+printf("Required value of theta=%.2f degree",theta)
diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.txt b/3886/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..950590c99 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\2. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar concurrent forces\Ex2_9.sce', -1)
+
+The required values are:-
+T=103.5 N
+R=26.8 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3886/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a5b0b890 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//Finding T and R
+//applying Lami's Theorem we get
+T=(100*sind(90))/sind(90+15) //N
+R=(100*sind(180-15))/sind(90+15) //N
+printf("\nThe required values are:-\nT=%.1f N \nR=%.1f N",T,R)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.1/20_1.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.1/20_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2ee73e0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.1/20_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Fly wheel
+//omega=3*t^3-2*t+2
+//theta=t^3-t^2+2*t+C
+//When t=1 theta=4
+C=2
+//theta=t^3-t^2+2*t+2
+//When t=3
+theta=3*3*3-3*3+2*3+2 //radian
+omega=3*3*3-2*3+2 //rad/sec
+//angular acceleration alpha
+//alpha=6*t-2
+//when t=3
+alpha=6*3-2 //rad/sec^2
+printf("\ntheta=%.3f radian\nomega=%.3f rad/sec\nalpha=%.3f rad/sec^2",theta,omega,alpha)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.1/20_1.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.1/20_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..879cb21be --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.1/20_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.1.sce', -1)
+
+theta=26.000 radian
+omega=23.000 rad/sec
+alpha=16.000 rad/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.10/20_10.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.10/20_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54161666c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.10/20_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//welded cylinder
+//refer fig. 20.8 (a) and (b)
+//Mass moment of inertia of the bar about A
+IBA=((200)/(2*9.81))+((200*0.5^2)/(9.81))
+//Moment of inertia of the cylinder about A
+ICA=((500*0.2*0.2)/(2*9.81))+((500*1.2*1.2)/(9.81))
+//mass moment of inertia of the system about A
+I=6.7958+74.41
+//Rotational moment about A
+Mt=200*0.5+500*1.2 //N-m
+//Equating it to I*alpha
+alpha=((700)/(81.2097)) //rad/sec
+//Instantaneous acceleration of rod AB is vertical with magnitude
+Iaccnrod=0.5*8.6197 //m/sec
+//Instantaneous acceleration of cylinder is vertical with magnitude
+Iaccncylinder=1.2*8.6197 //m/sec
+//Applying D'Alembert's dynamic equilibrium equation to the system of forces
+RA=200+500-((200*4.3100)/(9.81))-((500*10.344)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\nalpha=%.3f rad/sec\nRA=%.3f N",alpha,RA)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.10/20_10.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.10/20_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99b2ee1db --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.10/20_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.10.sce', -1)
+
+alpha=8.620 rad/sec
+RA=84.913 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.11/20_11.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.11/20_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..455b3d26d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.11/20_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Rods welded
+//refer fig. 20.9 (a) and (b)
+//Mass moment of inertia of AB about axis of rotation
+AB=((200*1.2*1.2)/(12*9.81))+((200*0.6*0.6)/(9.81))
+//Mass moment of inertia of rod CD about A
+CD=((100*0.6*0.6)/(12*9.81))+((100*1.2*1.2)/(9.81))
+//Total mass moment of the system about A
+I=9.786+147.0
+//Let alpha be the instantaneous angular acceleration
+//Kinetic equation for motion gives
+alpha=(300*0.75)/(156.786) //rad/sec
+//Writing the dynamic equilibrium condition
+VA=200+100 //N
+HA=300-((200*0.6*alpha)/(9.81))-((100*1.2*alpha)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\nVA=%.3f N\nHA=%.3f N",VA,HA)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.11/20_11.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.11/20_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c53337f4a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.11/20_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.11.sce', -1)
+
+VA=300.000 N
+HA=264.891 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49b9e8bf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Flywheel
+//alpha=12-t
+//omega=12*t-(t^2)/2+C
+//When t=4 sec omega=60 rad/sec
+C1=20
+//When t=6 sec
+omega=12*6-((6*6)/(2))+20 //rad/sec
+//theta=6*t^2-(t^3)/6+20*t+C2
+//When t=0 theta0=C2
+//When t=6 sec theta6=180+C2
+//Angular displacement during 6 seconds=180 rad
+//Number of revolution
+N=180/(2*%pi)
+printf("\nomega=%.3f rad/sec\nNumber of revolution=%.3f ",omega,N)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..613895fa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.2/20_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.2.sce', -1)
+
+omega=74.000 rad/sec
+Number of revolution=28.648
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd394d594 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Wheel rotating about fixed axis
+//Initial velocity
+omega0=2.0944 //rad/sec
+t=70 //sec
+//Angular displacement
+theta=100*%pi //radian
+//Using kinematic equation
+alpha=0.06839 //rad/sec^2
+//Angular velocity at the end of 70 seconds interval
+omega=2.0944+0.06839*70 //rad/sec
+//Let the time required for the velocity to reach 100 rpm be t
+t=(((200*%pi)/(60))-(2.0944))*((1)/(0.06839)) //sec
+printf("\nomega=%.3f rad/sec\nt=%.3f sec",omega,t)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bd4b6eb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.3/20_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.3.sce', -1)
+
+omega=6.882 rad/sec
+t=122.497 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c24701ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Fly-wheel
+//theta=200*%pi //radian
+omega0=(120*2*%pi)/(60) //rad/sec
+omega=(160*2*%pi)/(60) //rad/sec
+//Using kinematic relation
+alpha=0.0977 //rad/sec^2
+//Also
+t=(16.755-4*%pi)/0.0977 //sec
+//theta' be the total angular displacement in reaching the velocity of 160 rpm
+theta=(1436.1)/(2*%pi) //revolution
+printf("\nt=%.3f sec\ntheta=%.3f revolution",t,theta)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..067f65a7e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.4/20_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.4.sce', -1)
+
+t=42.872 sec
+theta=228.562 revolution
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65728eafe --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Power driven wheel
+omega0=30*%pi
+omega=0
+theta=720*%pi //rad
+//thus using kinematic equations
+alpha=-1.9635 //rad/sec^2
+//Also
+t=(30*%pi)/(1.9635) //sec
+printf("\nRetardation is %.3f rad/sec^2\nt=%.3f sec",-alpha,t)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c5eb3091 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.5/20_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.5.sce', -1)
+
+Retardation is 1.964 rad/sec^2
+t=48.000 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.6/20_6.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.6/20_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..135af1d5a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.6/20_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//The step pulley
+//refer fig. 20.3
+theta=20 //radian
+alpha=2 //rad/sec^2
+omega0=0
+//Using kinematic relation
+t=sqrt(20) //sec
+//Velocity of A
+vA=8.944 //m/sec
+vB=0.6*8.944 //m/sec
+printf("\nt=%.3f sec\nvA=%.3f m/sec\nvB=%.3f m/sec",t,vA,vB)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.6/20_6.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.6/20_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d451d6ba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.6/20_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.6.sce', -1)
+
+t=4.472 sec
+vA=8.944 m/sec
+vB=5.366 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.7/20_7.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.7/20_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9797210e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.7/20_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//A flywheel
+omega0=41.888 //rad/sec
+omega=29.322 //rad/sec
+t=120 //sec
+//Kinematic equation gives
+alpha=(29.3224-41.888)/(120) //rad/sec^2
+//Weight of flywheel
+Wf=50000 //N
+//Radius of gyration
+k=1 //m
+I=(50000/9.81) //kg-m^2
+//(1) Retarding torque acting on the flywheel Tr
+Tr=5096.84*0.1047 //N-m
+//(2) Change in K.E.
+C.K.E=(5096.84*((41.888^2)-(27.322^2)))/(2) //N-m The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+//(3) Change in its angular momentum
+C.A.M=5096.84*(41.888-29.322) //N-sec
+printf("\nRetarding torque acting on the flywheel Tr=%.3f N-m\nChange in K.E.=%.3f N-m\nChange in its angular momentum=%.3f N-sec",Tr,C.K.E,C.A.M)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.7/20_7.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.7/20_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f475b5e6a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.7/20_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.7.sce', -1)
+
+Retarding torque acting on the flywheel Tr=533.639 N-m
+Change in K.E.=2569094.975 N-m
+Change in its angular momentum=64046.891 N-sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.8/20_8.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.8/20_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43c40ae5d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.8/20_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Pulley
+//refer fig. 20.6
+//Let a be the resulting acceleration and T be the tension in the rope
+//Angular acceleration of pulley
+//alpha=1.667*a rad/sec^2
+//Dynamic equilibrium condition for the block gives
+//T=(600-(600*a)/(9.81))
+//From kinetic equation for pulley
+T=(200*7.358)/(9.81) //N
+a=(600*9.81)/(800) //m/sec^2
+printf("\nT=%.3f N\na=%.3f m/sec^2",T,a)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.8/20_8.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.8/20_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f083a423 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.8/20_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.8.sce', -1)
+
+T=150.010 N
+a=7.357 m/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.9/20_9.sce b/3886/CH20/EX20.9/20_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a075f95f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.9/20_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Composite pulley
+//refer fig. 20.7 (a) and (b)
+//Let aA be acceleration of 4000 N block and aB that of 2000 N block,and alpha be the angular velocity of pulley, then
+//aA=0.5*alpha
+//aB=0.75*alpha
+//Writing dynamic equilibrium equation for the two blocks and from kinetic equation of pulley
+alpha=500/245.97 //rad/sec^2
+TA=4000*(1-(0.5*2.033)/(9.81)) //N
+TB=2000*(1+(0.75*2.033)/(9.81)) //N
+printf("\nalpha=%.3f rad/sec^2\nTA=%.3f N\nTB=%.3f N",alpha,TA,TB)
diff --git a/3886/CH20/EX20.9/20_9.txt b/3886/CH20/EX20.9/20_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..807d4fa4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH20/EX20.9/20_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\20. Rotation of rigid bodies\20.9.sce', -1)
+
+alpha=2.033 rad/sec^2
+TA=3585.525 N
+TB=2310.856 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.1/21_1.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.1/21_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c244ffc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.1/21_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//S.H.M
+//a=-25*s
+omega=5
+//Period
+T=(2*%pi)/(5) //sec
+f=(1/T) //osc. per second
+printf("\nT=%.3f sec\nf=%.3f osc. per second",T,f)
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.1/21_1.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.1/21_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9310f2774 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.1/21_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.1.sce', -1)
+
+T=1.257 sec
+f=0.796 osc. per second
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.10/21_10.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.10/21_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..788f9a734 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.10/21_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Circular ring
+//refer fig. 21.9 (a) and (b)
+//Radius of gyration about centre of the ring
+//Kz^2=(((R1^2)+(R2^2))/(2))+R2^2
+//thus
+Kz=sqrt(((1+0.75*0.75)/(2))+(0.75^2))
+T=2*%pi*sqrt(1.34375/(9.81*0.75)) //sec
+printf("\nT=%.3f sec",T)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.10/21_10.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.10/21_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65f4edaaf --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.10/21_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.10.sce', -1)
+
+T=2.685 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.2/21_2.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.2/21_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1c6b101b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.2/21_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//S.H.M
+r=0.75 //m
+T=1.2 //sec
+omega=((2*%pi)/(1.2)) //rad/sec
+vxmax=0.75*5.236 //m/sec
+axmax=0.75*5.236^2 //m/sec^2
+printf("\nvx(max)=%.3f m/sec\nax(max)=%.3f m/sec^2",vxmax,axmax)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.2/21_2.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.2/21_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b66afe8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.2/21_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.2.sce', -1)
+
+vx(max)=3.927 m/sec
+ax(max)=20.562 m/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.3/21_3.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.3/21_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..828ad6d5d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.3/21_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Displacement
+//After 0.5 sec
+theta=5.236*0.5*(180/%pi)
+//displacement
+x=0.75*sind(150) //m
+//Velocity
+vx=0.75*5.236*cosd(150)
+ax=0.375*5.236^2 //m/sec^2
+printf("\nx=%.3f m\nvx=%.3f m/sec\nax=%.2f ",x,vx,ax)
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.3/21_3.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.3/21_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1c2d6949 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.3/21_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.3.sce', -1)
+
+x=0.375 m
+vx=-3.401 m/sec
+ax=10.28
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.4/21_4.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.4/21_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2617b6d9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.4/21_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//SHM
+//r*sind(theta1)=0.2
+//r*omega*cosd(theta1)=0.5
+//r*sind(theta2)=0.3
+//r*omega*cosd(theta2)=0.35
+//thus
+theta1=asind(0.44)
+r=(0.2)/(sind(26.1)) //m
+omega=1.225 //rad/sec^2
+vmax=0.454*1.225 //m/sec
+amax=-0.454*1.225^2 //m/sec^2
+f=(1.225)/(2*%pi) //osc. per sec
+printf("\namax=%.3f m/sec^2\nf=%.3f osc. per. sec\nvmax=%.3f m/sec",amax,f,vmax)
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.4/21_4.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.4/21_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95cc9d2db --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.4/21_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.4.sce', -1)
+
+amax=-0.681 m/sec^2
+f=0.195 osc. per. sec
+vmax=0.556 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.6/21_6.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.6/21_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2914d433 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.6/21_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +//Period of simple pendulum
+T=2*%pi*sqrt(1.5/9.81) //sec
+printf("\nT=%.2f sec",T)
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.6/21_6.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.6/21_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..325e9f963 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.6/21_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.6.sce', -1)
+
+T=2.46 sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.7/21_7.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.7/21_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1808899a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.7/21_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +//Length of pendulum
+L=(1*9.81)/(4*%pi*%pi) //m
+printf("\nL=%.3f m",L)
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.7/21_7.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.7/21_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..102a9d197 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.7/21_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.7.sce', -1)
+
+L=0.248 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.9/21_9.sce b/3886/CH21/EX21.9/21_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7fc58991 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.9/21_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Compound pendulum
+//refer fig. 21.8
+//Length of uniform rod
+l=0.6 //m
+//Radius of uniform disc
+r=0.3 //m
+//Mass moment of inertia about centre of suspention
+Iz=((25*0.6^2)/(9.81*12))+((25*0.6^2)/(9.81*2*2))+((40*0.15^2)/(2*9.81))+((40*(0.6+0.15)^2)/(9.81)) //units
+M=((25)/(9.81))+((40)/(9.81))
+//Kzz^2=0.3992
+//Distance of centre of gravity of compound pendulum from centre of suspension
+r=(25*0.3+40*0.75)/(25+40) //m
+T=2*%pi*sqrt((0.3992)/(0.5769)) //sec
+//equivalent length
+Le=(0.3992/0.5769) //m
+printf("\T=%.3f sec\nLe=%.3f m",T,Le)
diff --git a/3886/CH21/EX21.9/21_9.txt b/3886/CH21/EX21.9/21_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a0ea1909 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH21/EX21.9/21_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\21. Mechanical vibration\21.9.sce', -1)
+T=5.227 sec
+Le=0.692 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.10/22_10.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.10/22_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59bab8f89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.10/22_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//rotating crank
+//refer fig. 22.16 (a),(b),(c),(d),(e),(f),(g),(h) and (i)
+//from sine rule
+theta=asind((80*sind(60))/(200)) //degree
+//angular velocity of crank
+omega=(2*%pi*1800)/(60) //rad/sec
+vB=0.08*omega //m/sec
+//it is at right angles to BC
+aB=(15.0796^2/0.8) //m/sec^2
+vA=15.8436 //m/sec
+aB=2842.4292 //making 60 degree with horizontal
+alpha=13120.457 //rad/sec^2
+aAB=0.2*alpha
+aA=512.2027 //m/sec^2
+aX=1118.2109 //m/sec^2
+aY=-1174.862 //m/sec^2 downward
+//Consider dynamic equilibrium of piston A
+HA=(4000)-((50*512.2027)/(9.81)) //kN The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+//Taking moment about B
+vA=813.95 //N
+vB=2001.57 //N
+HB=2598.51 //N
+printf("\nHA=%.2f kN\nHB=%.2f N\nvA=%.2f N\nvB=%.2f N",HA,HB,vA,vB)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.10/22_10.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.10/22_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..127e5fa16 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.10/22_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.10.sce', -1)
+
+HA=1389.38 kN
+HB=2598.51 N
+vA=813.95 N
+vB=2001.57 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.2/22_2.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.2/22_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b27f951e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.2/22_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//1 m radius wheel
+//refer fig. 22.4(a),(b),(c),(d),(e) and (f)
+vA=1*5 //m/sec
+aA=1*4 //m/sec^2
+vBA=1*5 //m/sec
+vB=vA+vBA //m/sec
+aBA=1*4 //m/sec^2
+an=5^2 //m/sec^2
+aB=sqrt((8^2)+(25^2)) //m/sec^2
+theta=atand(25/8) //degree
+//Consider rotation of point D
+vDx=5+3*sind(60) //m/sec
+vDy=3*cosd(60) //m/sec
+vD=7.745 //m/sec
+//inclination to horizontal
+theta2=atand(1.5/7.598) //degree
+vDA=0.6*5 //m/sec^2
+aD=sqrt((14.190^2)+(1.422^2)) //m/sec^2
+theta3=atand(14.190/1.422) //degree
+printf("\nAt B\naB=%.3f m/sec^2\ntheta=%.2f degree\nvB=%.3f m/sec\nAt D\nvD=%.3f m/sec^2\ntheta2=%.2f degree\naD=%.3f m/sec^2\ntheta3=%.2f degree",aB,theta,vB,vD,theta2,aD,theta3)
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.2/22_2.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.2/22_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd5aaf0cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.2/22_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.2.sce', -1)
+
+At B
+aB=26.249 m/sec^2
+theta=72.26 degree
+vB=10.000 m/sec
+At D
+vD=7.745 m/sec^2
+theta2=11.17 degree
+aD=14.261 m/sec^2
+theta3=84.28 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.3/22_3.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.3/22_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7842cd8d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.3/22_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//slender beam
+//refer fig. 22.5 (a),(b) and (c)
+//from vector diagram
+vB=2*cotd(60) //m/sec
+vBA=(2/sind(60)) //m/sec
+printf("\nvB=%.3f m/sec^2\nvB/A=%.3f m/sec",vB,vBA)
+//acceleration of point B
+aB=(1.778*sind(60))+(3*0.958*sind(30))
+printf("\naB=%.3f m/sec^2",aB)
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.3/22_3.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.3/22_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4755147cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.3/22_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.3.sce', -1)
+
+vB=1.155 m/sec^2
+vB/A=2.309 m/sec
+aB=2.977 m/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.4/22_4.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.4/22_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec7aa2d40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.4/22_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Length of crank
+//refer fig. 22.6 (a)
+//angular velocity
+omega=(1500*2*%pi)/(60) //rad/sec
+r=0.100
+//Tangential velocity of end B
+vB=r*omega //m/sec
+//Consider motion of connecting rod BC
+theta=asind((100*sind(30))/(250)) //degree
+//Refer fig. 22.6
+//Let omega' be the angular velocity of BC
+omega1=13.6035/0.244 //rad/sec
+//Considering horizontal component of velocities
+vC=15.7080*cosd(60)+0.25*55.547*sind(11.5378) //m/sec
+printf("\nomega1=%.3f rad/sec\nvC=%.2f m/sec",omega1,vC)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.4/22_4.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.4/22_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..275ff3aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.4/22_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.4.sce', -1)
+
+omega1=55.752 rad/sec
+vC=10.63 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.5/22_5.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.5/22_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef6f7a228 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.5/22_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Velocities of point B and D
+//refer fig. 22.8
+vA=5*1 //m/sec
+//Instantaneous centre in vertically downward direction
+Ic=5/5 //m
+vB=2*5 //m/sec
+CP=1+0.6*sind(60) //m
+PD=0.6*cosd(60) //m
+CD=sqrt((1.520^2)+(0.3^2)) //m
+vD=1.549*5 //m/sec
+//Inclination to horizontal
+theta=atand((0.3)/(1.520)) //degree
+printf("\nvD=%.2f m/sec\ntheta=%.2f degree",vD,theta)
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.5/22_5.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.5/22_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ad356b5b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.5/22_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.5.sce', -1)
+
+vD=7.74 m/sec
+theta=11.16 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.6/22_6.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.6/22_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..997567380 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.6/22_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//Velocity of B
+//refer fig.2.9
+omega=(2)/(3*sind(60)) //rad/sec
+vB=3*0.770*cosd(60) //m/sec
+printf("\nvB=%.3f m/sec",vB)
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.6/22_6.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.6/22_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e17969aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.6/22_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.6.sce', -1)
+
+vB=1.155 m/sec
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.7/22_7.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.7/22_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..462153e31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.7/22_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Solid cylinder acted upon by force P
+//refer fig. 22.11 (a) and (b)
+//(1)Maximum Value of P for Rolling without slipping
+//aA=0.8*alpha
+I=(1200*0.8^2)/(2*9.81)
+W=1200 //N
+N=W //N
+//From law of friction
+F=0.2*1200 //N
+//Consider moment equilibrium equation about C
+//on solving
+alpha=(240)/(97.859-73.394) //rad/sec
+P=73.394*9.81 //N
+//(2) When P=1000 N
+F2=0.15*1200 //N
+//Taking moment about A
+alpha2=(1000*0.8-180*0.8)/(39.144) //rad/sec^2
+aA=((1000+180)*9.81)/(1200) //rad/sec^2
+printf("\nMaximum Value of P for Rolling without slipping \nP=%.2f N\nWhen P=1000 N\nalpha=%.2f rad/sec^2\naA=%.3f rad/sec^2",P,alpha2,aA)
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.7/22_7.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.7/22_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2d03e256 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.7/22_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.7.sce', -1)
+
+Maximum Value of P for Rolling without slipping
+P=720.00 N
+When P=1000 N
+alpha=16.76 rad/sec^2
+aA=9.647 rad/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.9/22_9.sce b/3886/CH22/EX22.9/22_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..996d5d633 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.9/22_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Uniform bar
+//refer fig. 22.15(a),(b),(c),(d),(e) and (f)
+beta=atand(0.6928/1.7856) //degree
+//aG=alpha*sqrt((1.7856^2)+(0.6928^2))
+I=(300*1.6^2)/(12*9.81)
+//Equating
+alpha=((300*0.6928)/(82.3160)) //rad/sec^2
+//Taking horizontal components of the forces
+NB=(300*1.7856*2.5249)/(9.81*cosd(45)) //N
+//Taking vertical components of the forces
+NA=(300)-(194.98*sind(45))+((300*0.6928*2.5249)/(9.81)) //N (Printing mistake in text book)
+printf("\nNA=%.2f N\nNB=%.2f N\nalpha=%.2f rad/sec^2",NA,NB,alpha)
diff --git a/3886/CH22/EX22.9/22_9.txt b/3886/CH22/EX22.9/22_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc49cf166 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH22/EX22.9/22_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\22.General plane motion of rigid bodies\22.9.sce', -1)
+
+NA=215.62 N
+NB=194.98 N
+alpha=2.52 rad/sec^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0931c10a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_1.sce', -1)
+MA=28301.270189 N-mm,Anticlockwise
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ad0268ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Determine the moment
+//Refer fig. 3.5
+//Take clockwise moment as positive
+//Apply Varignon's Theorem
+MA=100*300*cosd(60)-100*500*sind(60) //N-mm
+printf("MA=%f N-mm,Anticlockwise",-MA)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..140103f95 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_10.sce', -1)
+tension T in cable BC is T=100.38 kN.
+RA=114.543 kN
+alpha=32.17 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a25fea531 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//tension in the cable and reaction at a point
+//refer fig. 3.21 (a),(b)&(c)
+//Taking moment about A we get
+T=((25*12*cosd(30))+(10*6*cosd(30)))/(12*sind(15)) //kN
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+HA=T*cosd(15) //kN
+VA=10+25+T*sind(15) //kN
+RA=sqrt(HA^2+VA^2) //kN
+alpha=atand(VA/HA) //degree
+printf("tension T in cable BC is T=%.2f kN.\nRA=%.3f kN\nalpha=%.2f degree",T,RA,alpha)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53f1ee37e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_11.sce', -1)
+The required force is F=298.3 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba7b746cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Horizontal force required at bottom to avoid slipping
+//refer fig 3.22 (a)&(b)
+//Taking moment about A
+RB=(700*2*cotd(60)+100*1.5*cotd(60))/3 //N
+F=RB //N
+printf("The required force is F=%.1f N",F)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b8daeb6d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_12.sce', -1)
+Required force is F=447.45 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53212d39e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Horizontal force required at certain height to avoid slipping
+//Refer fig. 3.23
+//applying equilibrium conditions we get
+//F=RB...(1)
+//-RB*3+700*2*cotd(60)+100*1.5*cotd(60)+F=0...(2)
+//Solving (1)&(2) we get
+F=(700*2+100*1.5)*cotd(60)/2 //N
+printf("Required force is F=%.2f N",F)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ab7a6aed --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_13.sce', -1)
+The reactions are:-
+RD=1466.7 N
+HC=1154.7 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e539d1129 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Reactions at supports C and D
+//Refer fig.3.24(a),(b)&(c)
+//applying equilibrium conditions for roller
+R2=2000/cosd(30) //N
+//consider equilibrium of bar CD
+//Taking moment about C
+RD=((800*2.5*cosd(30))+(R2*2))/(5*cosd(30)) //N
+VC=800+R2*cosd(30)-RD //N
+HC=R2*sind(30) //N
+printf("The reactions are:-\nRD=%.1f N\nHC=%.1f N",RD,HC)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e21cc4dd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_14.sce', -1)
+Required values are:-
+T=51.962 kN
+R1=23.660 kN
+R2=6.34 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87699a2ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Tension in the cable and reaction at axles
+//Refer fig.3.25 (a)&(b)
+//assume T as tension in the rope parallel to track
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+T=60*sind(60) //kN
+//applying moment equilibrium condition about upper axle reaction point we get
+R1=(-T*600+60*800*sind(60)+60*600*cosd(60))/1200 //kN
+R2=60*cosd(60)-R1 //kN
+printf("Required values are:-\nT=%.3f kN\nR1=%.3f kN\nR2=%.2f kN",T,R1,R2)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab230155a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_15.sce', -1)
+Minimum weight of hollow cylinder is W=0.75 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..245f221d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Minimum weight of hollow cylinder
+//Refer fig.3.26 (a),(b)&(c)
+O1O2=400+600 //mm
+O2D=1600-400-600 //mm
+alpha=acosd(O2D/O1O2) //degree
+//considering equilibrium of spheres
+//Taking moment about O2
+R1=(600)/(1000*sind(alpha)) //kN
+R2=R1 //kN
+R3=1+3 //kN
+//Assume minimum weight W.During tipping there will be no reaction at point B
+//Taking moment about A
+W=(0.75*1000*sind(53.13))/(800) //kN
+printf("Minimum weight of hollow cylinder is W=%.2f kN",W)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24d0518e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_16.sce', -1)
+The tension is:-
+T=374.0 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12502f76f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Tension in horizontal rope
+//Refer fig. 3.27 (a),(b)&(c)
+//Considering equilibrium of the entire system
+RB=500/2 //N
+RA=RB //N (symmetry)
+R1=500/(2*cosd(60)) //N
+R2=R1 //N
+//Taking moment about C
+T=((500*0.866)+(250*1.2*0.5))/(1.8*sind(60)) //N
+printf("The tension is:-\nT=%.1f N",T)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..815be1e70 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_17.sce', -1)
+Required values:-
+VA=52.32 kN
+HA=10.00 kN
+MA=99.64 kN-m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f232296ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Reactions developed in cantilever beam
+//Refer fig. 3.44 (a)&(b)
+//assumptions are made as shown in fig. 3.44 (a)&(b)
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+VA=15+(10*2)+(20*sind(60)) //kN
+HA=20*cosd(60) //kN
+//Taking moment about A
+MA=10*2*1+20*2*sind(60)+15*3 //kN-m
+printf("Required values:-\nVA=%.2f kN\nHA=%.2f kN\nMA=%.2f kN-m",VA,HA,MA)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adbcaa93b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_18.sce', -1)
+Required values:-
+VA=105.00 kN
+HA=0.00 kN
+MA=180.00 kN-m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd08724c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Reactions developed in cantilever beam
+//Refer fig. 3.45 (a)&(b)
+//Make assumptions as shown in fig. 3.45(a) and(b)
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+VA=60+45*2/2 //kN
+HA=0 //kN
+//Taking moment about A
+MA=((45*2*2)/(3*2))+(60*2.5) //kN-m
+printf("Required values:-\nVA=%.2f kN\nHA=%.2f kN\nMA=%.2f kN-m",VA,HA,MA)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5cd7e401 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_19.sce', -1)
+The reactions are:-
+RA=44.44 kN
+RB=115.56 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..938f7e1b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Reactions developed in simply supported beam
+//Refer fig. 3.46 (a)&(b)
+//make assumptions as shown in fig. 3.46 (a)&(b)
+//Taking moment about B
+RA=((20*4*2)+((4*40*4)/(3*2)))/(6) //kN
+RB=80+80-RA //kN
+printf("The reactions are:-\nRA=%.2f kN\nRB=%.2f kN",RA,RB)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a132c6a87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_2.sce', -1)
+y-intercept will be y=2 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de00c41c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Finding y-intercept
+//Apply law of Transmissibility and resolve 5000 N force at B
+Fx=5000*4/5 //N
+Fy=5000*3/5 //N
+//Apply Varignon's Theorem
+y=8000/4000 //m
+printf("y-intercept will be y=%.0d m",y)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee913bc7b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_20.sce', -1)
+The reactions developed are:-
+HA=27.13 kN
+VA=12.77 kN
+RB=18.87 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..048e9e8ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Reactions developed at A and B
+//Refer fig. 3.47 (a) and (b)
+//Make proper assumptions from this fig.
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+HA=15*cosd(30)+20*cosd(45) //kN
+//Taking moment about A
+RB=(10*4+15*6*sind(30)+20*10*sind(45))/12 //kN
+VA=-RB+10+15*sind(30)+20*sind(45) //kN
+printf("The reactions developed are:-\nHA=%.2f kN\nVA=%.2f kN\nRB=%.2f kN",HA,VA,RB)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..361bccb4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_21.sce', -1)
+The reactions are:-
+RA=87.02 kN
+RB=100.45 kN
+As shown in fig. 3.48
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75eab1950 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//determine magnitude and direction of support reactions
+//Refer fig. 3.48 (a)&(b)
+//Taking moment about A
+RB=((60*1*sind(60))+(80*3*sind(75))+(50*5.5*sind(60)))/(6*sind(60)) //kN (At 60 degree to the horizontal)
+HA=(-60*cosd(60))+(80*cosd(75))-(50*cosd(60))+(100.45*cosd(60)) //kN
+VA=(-100.45*sind(60))+(60*sind(60))+(80*sind(75))+(50*sind(60)) //kN
+RA=sqrt((HA^2)+(VA^2)) //kN
+alphaA=atand(VA/HA) //Degree
+printf("The reactions are:-\nRA=%.2f kN \nRB=%.2f kN \nAs shown in fig. 3.48",RA,RB)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c36db50db --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_22.sce', -1)
+The reactions are:-
+RA=91.65 kN
+HB=42.43 kN
+VB=90.78 kN
+As shown in fig.3.49
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebd0d264f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//determine support reactions
+//Refer fig. 3.49
+//Taking moment about B
+RA=(20*7+30*4*5+60*2*sind(45))/9 //kN
+HB=60*cosd(45) //kN
+VB=20+30*4+60*sind(45)-RA //kN
+printf("The reactions are:-\nRA=%.2f kN \nHB=%.2f kN \nVB=%.2f kN \nAs shown in fig.3.49",RA,HB,VB)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddeb18ea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_23.sce', -1)
+The support reactions are:-
+RA=42.60 kN
+RB=89.40 kN
+As shown in fig. 3.50
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9664daed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//determine support reactions
+//Refer fig. 3.50
+//Taking moment about A
+RB=(30*1+24*3*(2+1.5)+(1.5*40/2)*(5+1.5/3))/5 //kN
+RA=30+72+30-RB //kN
+printf("The support reactions are:-\nRA=%.2f kN \nRB=%.2f kN \nAs shown in fig. 3.50",RA,RB)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..092a184cf --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_24.sce', -1)
+Required values are:-
+RB=71.01 kN
+HA=21.21 kN
+VA=9.80 kN downwards
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2c6e39ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//determine support reactions
+//Refer fig. 3.51
+//Taking moment about A
+RB=(40+30*5*sind(45)+20*2*7)/6 //kN
+HA=30*cosd(45) //kN
+VA=30*sind(45)-RB+40 //kN (downwards)
+printf("Required values are:-\nRB=%.2f kN\nHA=%.2f kN\nVA=%.2f kN downwards",RB,HA,-VA)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ca325774 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_25.sce', -1)
+Required values are:-
+RA=26.00 kN
+RB=34.00 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.25/Ex3_25.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.25/Ex3_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a96052a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.25/Ex3_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//determine support reactions
+//Refer fig. 3.52
+//Taking moment about B
+RA=((10/2)*(1/3+5)+(2*10/2)*(5-2/3)+10*3*1.5+3*10*1/2)/5 //kN
+RB=-26+5+10+30+15 //kN
+printf("Required values are:-\nRA=%.2f kN\nRB=%.2f kN",RA,RB)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b2b6b301 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_26.sce', -1)
+The required distance is x=5 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.26/Ex3_26.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.26/Ex3_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..475823bf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.26/Ex3_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//determine distance of support C from end A
+//Refer fig. 3.53
+//assume that the support at C is at a distance of x metres from end A
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+RC=(30+120+50)/2 //kN
+RD=RC //kN (Given)
+//Taking moment about A
+x=(1000+1200-100*12)/200 //m
+printf("The required distance is x=%.0f m",x)
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9ebddfa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_28.sce', -1)
+Required reactions are:-
+RA=12.86 kN
+RB=8.57 kN,
+RD=16.07 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.28/Ex3_28.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.28/Ex3_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e96a19817 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.28/Ex3_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//determine reactions at A,B and D
+//Refer fig. 3.55
+//Taking moment about C
+RD=(3*5*2.5+(5*9*2*5)/(2*3))/7 //kN
+RC=15+22.5-RD //kN
+//Taking moment about A
+RB=(2*RC/5) //kN
+RA=RC-RB //kN
+printf("Required reactions are:-\nRA=%.2f kN\nRB=%.2f kN,\nRD=%.2f kN",RA,RB,RD)
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24f8e9d25 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_29.sce', -1)
+Required Values are:-
+HA=28.28 kN
+VA=9.43 kN downward
+RD=40.91 kN
+HC=10.00 kN
+VC=34.12 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.29/Ex3_29.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.29/Ex3_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c81d38777 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.29/Ex3_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//determine reactions at A,C and D
+//Refer fig. 3.56
+//Taking moment about A
+RE=(20*3+40*4*sind(45))/3 //kN
+HA=40*cosd(45) //kN
+VA=20+40*sind(45)-RE //kN (Downwards)
+//Taking moment about C
+RD=((20*sind(60))-(10)+(57.71*2))/3 //kN
+HC=20*cosd(60) //kN
+VC=20*sind(60)+RE-RD //kN
+printf("Required Values are:-\nHA=%.2f kN\nVA=%.2f kN downward\nRD=%.2f kN\nHC=%.2f kN\nVC=%.2f kN",HA,-VA,RD,HC,VC)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7c451717 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_3.sce', -1)
+R=68.06 kN as shown in fig. 3.12(a)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9115560e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Determine Resultant
+//horizontal direction is assumed as x-axis and vertical as y-axis
+Rx=-20*cosd(60) //kN (towards left)
+Ry=-20-30-20*sind(60) //kN (downwards)
+R=sqrt(Rx^2+Ry^2) //kN
+alpha=atand(Ry/Rx) //degree (as shown in fig. 3.12(b))
+//Taking moment about A
+MA=20*1.5+30*3+20*6*sind(60) //kN-m
+//x-intercept of the resultant is
+x=MA/Ry //m (shown in fig.)
+printf("R=%.2f kN as shown in fig. 3.12(a)",R)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2a876941 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_4.sce', -1)
+R=108 kN is the resultant as shown in fig. 3.13 (a)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18472dba7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Find resultant
+Rx=60-100*cosd(60)-120*cosd(30) //kN (towards left)
+Ry=-80+100*sind(60)-120*sind(30) //kN (downwards)
+R=sqrt(Rx^2+Ry^2) //kN
+alpha=atand(Ry/Rx) //degree (shown in fig. 3.13(b))
+MA=(80*100*cosd(60)+60*100*sind(60)+120*100*sind(30)) //kN-mm
+//intercept on x-axis is
+x=MA/Ry //mm (as shown in fig. 3.13(a))
+printf("R=%.0f kN is the resultant as shown in fig. 3.13 (a)",R)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f9684413 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_5.sce', -1)
+The resultant of the system is R=4.656 kN as shown in fig. 3.14(b)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d74c2e7a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Find the resultant
+//refer fig. 3.14 (a) and (b)
+theta1=atand(10/10)
+theta2=atand(30/40)
+theta3=atand(10/20)
+Rx=2*cosd(theta1)+5*cosd(theta2)-1.5*cosd(theta3) //kN
+Ry=2*sind(theta1)-5*sind(theta2)-1.5*sind(theta3) //kN
+R=sqrt(Rx^2+Ry^2) //kN
+alpha=atand(-Ry/Rx) //Degree
+//Moment of forces about O is
+MO=2*30*cosd(45)+5*50*sind(theta2)+1.5*10*sind(theta3) //kN-mm
+//distance d of resultant R from O is given as
+d=MO/R
+printf("The resultant of the system is R=%.3f kN as shown in fig. 3.14(b)",R)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ce70e17b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_6.sce', -1)
+The Resultant is R=2671.2 N as shown in fig.3.15
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5ab057b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Determine magnitude,direction and point of application
+//refer fig.3.15(a)&(b)
+Rx=500*cosd(60)-700 //N (towards left)
+Ry=-500*sind(60)-1000-1200 //N (Downwards)
+R=sqrt((Rx^2)+(Ry^2)) //N
+alpha=atand(-Ry/Rx) //degree
+//taking moment about O
+MO=-500*300*sind(60)-1000*150+1200*150*cosd(60)-700*300*sind(60)
+//let point of application of resultant be at a distance of x from point O along the horizontal then
+x=MO/Ry //mm
+printf("The Resultant is R=%.1f N as shown in fig.3.15",R)
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8815e4c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_7.sce', -1)
+x=3.467 m lies in the middle third of base.Hence dam is safe
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a1405899 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Safety of dam
+//refer fig. 3.16
+Rx=300 //kN (towards right)
+Ry=100-1200-400 //kN (Downwards)
+//taking moment about O
+MO=300*3-100*1+1200*2+400*5
+//assume that the resultant cut the base at a distance of x from O
+x=MO/Ry //m
+printf("x=%.3f m lies in the middle third of base.Hence dam is safe",-x)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78f01d7bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_8.sce', -1)
+The resultant is R=580.3 N as shown in fig.3.17 (a)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea4e58868 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//determine the resultant
+//refer fig. 3.17 (a) and (b)
+Rx=-400*cosd(45)-150*cosd(30) //N (towards left)
+Ry=200+400*sind(45)-150*sind(30)
+R=sqrt(Rx^2+Ry^2) //N
+alpha=atand(Ry/Rx) //degree
+//assume that the resultant intersects arm AB at a distance of x from A
+//taking moment about A
+MA=-400*3*sind(45)-400*0.6*cosd(45)+50+150*6*sind(30)+150*1*cosd(30) //N-m (anticlockwise)
+x=MA/Ry //m
+printf("The resultant is R=%.1f N as shown in fig.3.17 (a)",R)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.txt b/3886/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a90e43daf --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\3. Resultant and equilibrium of system of coplanar non-concurrent forces\Ex3_9.sce', -1)
+Equilibriant is equal and opposite to resultant.
+R=116.52 kN
+alpha=76.82 degree
+x=1.517 m
+As shown in fig.3.18 (a)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3886/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d2158b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//determine equilibriant
+//two 40 kN forces have no moment about the pulley centre hence can be considered acting at pulley centre
+//Accordingly
+Rx=20*cosd(45)-30*cosd(60)-50*cosd(30)+40*cosd(20)-40*sind(30) //kN (towards left)
+Ry=-20*sind(45)-20+20-30*sind(60)-50*sind(30)-40*sind(20)-40*cosd(30) //kN (Downwards)
+R=sqrt(Rx^2+Ry^2) //kN
+alpha=atand(Ry/Rx) //degree
+//Taking moment about A
+MA=20*4-20*4+30*6*sind(60)+50*2*sind(30)-50*2*cosd(30)+40*3*cosd(20)-40*3*sind(30)
+//assume that the resultant intersects AB at a distance x from A,then
+x=MA/Ry //m
+printf("Equilibriant is equal and opposite to resultant.\nR=%.2f kN\nalpha=%.2f degree\nx=%.3f m\nAs shown in fig.3.18 (a)",R,alpha,-x)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ffb41d6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_1.sce', -1)
+The required forces in members are:-
+AB=120.00 kN (Tension)
+BC=56.57 kN (Tension)
+CD=40.00 kN (Compression)
+DE=40.00 kN (Compression)
+BE=113.14 kN (Compression)
+BD=40.00 kN (Tension)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eea95d2a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//finding forces in members of truss
+//Refer fig. 4.8
+//Step 1
+theta=atand(3/3) //Degree
+//Step 2
+//Assume Notations as in fig. 4.8
+//Step 3
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+FCB=40/sind(45) //kN
+FCD=FCB*cosd(45) //kN
+//Step 4
+//Mark and analyse at joint C
+//Step 5
+//Analyse joint D
+FDB=40 //kN
+FDE=40 //kN
+//step 6
+//Analysis of joint B
+FBE=(40+56.57*sind(45))/sind(45) //kN
+FBA=FBE*cosd(45)+56.57*cosd(45) //kN
+//step 7
+//Tabulating answers
+printf("The required forces in members are:-\nAB=%.2f kN (Tension)\nBC=%.2f kN (Tension)\nCD=%.2f kN (Compression)\nDE=%.2f kN (Compression)\nBE=%.2f kN (Compression)\nBD=%.2f kN (Tension)",FBA,FCB,FCD,FDE,FBE,FDB)
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad3bcaa84 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_10.sce', -1)
+The required forces are:-
+Force in member AB=120 kN
+Force in member BC=56 kN
+Force in member CD=-39 kN
+Force in member DE=-40 kN
+Force in member EB=-113 kN
+Force in member BD=40 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24552c8fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Finding unknown forces
+//Refer fig. 4.8
+//Let us assume joint E as origin,EC as x-axis,EA as y-direction
+//accordingly the co-ordinates are
+//A(0,3),B(3,3),C(6,0),D(3,0),E(0,0)
+YD=-40 //kN
+YC=-40 //kN
+//Using co-ordinates lengths are found out to be
+LAB=3 //m
+LBC=3*sqrt(2) //m
+LCD=3 //m
+LDE=3 //m
+LBD=3 //m
+LBE=3*sqrt(2) //m
+//Consider joint C
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+tCB=40/3
+tCD=-40/3
+FCB=tCB*LBC //kN
+FCD=-13.333*LCD //kN
+//Consider joint D
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+tDE=tCD
+FDE=tCD*LCD //kN
+tDB=40/3
+FDB=tDB*LBD
+//Consider joint B
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+tBE=-(13.333+13.333)
+FBE=tBE*LBE //kN
+tBA=40
+FBA=tBA*LAB
+printf("The required forces are:-\nForce in member AB=%.2d kN\nForce in member BC=%.2d kN\nForce in member CD=%.2d kN\nForce in member DE=%.2d kN\nForce in member EB=%.2d kN\nForce in member BD=%.2d kN",FBA,FCB,FCD,FDE,FBE,FDB)
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ced3b5be --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_11.sce', -1)
+The forces in different members are:-
+AB=-68 kN
+BC=-45 kN
+CD=-104 kN
+DE=52 kN
+EA=64 kN
+EB=22 kN
+EC=46 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f916a380 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Analyse the truss by method of tension coefficient to determine the forces
+//Refer fig.4.19
+//Consider entire structure
+//Taking moment about A
+YD=(40*2+50*6+30*4*sind(60)+60*4)/8
+XA=-30 //kN
+YA=40+50+60-90.49 //kN
+//Take A as origin and determine co-ordinates of all other point
+//Consider equilibrium of individual joints
+//Joint A
+tAB=-(59.51/3.464)
+FAB=tAB*4 //kN
+tAE=64.36/4
+FAE=tAE*4 //kN
+//Joint B
+tBE=-11.547+17.18
+FBE=tBE*4 //kN
+tBC=0.5*(-17.18-5.637)
+FBC=tBC*4 //kN
+//Joint C
+tCD=-(14.434+37.818)/2
+FCD=4*tCD //kN
+tCD=4 //kN
+tCE=-14.434-tCD
+FCE=11.692*4 //kN
+//Joint D
+tDE=-0.5*(-26.126)
+FDE=tDE*4 //kN
+printf("The forces in different members are:-\nAB=%.2d kN\nBC=%.2d kN\nCD=%.2d kN\nDE=%.2d kN\nEA=%.2d kN\nEB=%.2d kN\nEC=%.2d kN",FAB,FBC,FCD,FDE,FAE,FBE,FCE)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a68cffd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_12.sce', -1)
+The forces in different members are:-
+AB=20 kN
+BC=60 kN
+CD=84 kN
+DE=-60 kN
+EA=-40 kN
+EC=-60 kN
+EB=-28 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab6e62458 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Analyse the truss
+//Refer fig. 4.20
+//Consider equilibrium of entire truss
+//taking moment about A
+YE=(60*8-40*4)/4 //kN
+XA=40 //kN
+YA=60-80 //kN
+//Take A as origin and determine co-ordinates of various point
+//Lengths in m are
+AB=4
+CE=4
+AE=4
+ED=4
+BE=4*sqrt(2)
+CD=4*sqrt(2)
+//Consider equilibrium of joints individually
+//Joint A
+tAB=5
+FAB=tAB*AB //kN
+tAE=-10
+FAE=tAE*AE //kN
+//Joint B
+tBE=-5
+FBE=tBE*BE //kN
+tBC=10-tBE
+BC=4
+FBC=tBC*BC //kN
+//Joint C
+tCD=15
+CD=4*sqrt(2)
+FCD=15*4*sqrt(2) //kN The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+tCE=-15
+FCE=tCE*CE //kN
+//Joint D
+tDE=-15
+DE=4
+FDE=tDE*DE //kN
+printf("The forces in different members are:-\nAB=%.2d kN\nBC=%.2d kN\nCD=%.2d kN\nDE=%.2d kN\nEA=%.2d kN\nEC=%.2d kN\nEB=%.2d kN",FAB,FBC,FCD,FDE,FAE,FCE,FBE)
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1100421fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_2.sce', -1)
+RD=77.50 kN
+RA=72.50 kN
+FAB=83.72 kN (Compression)
+FAE=41.86 kN (Tension)
+FDC=89.49 kN (Compression)
+FDE=44.74 kN (Tension)
+FBE=37.53 kN (Tension)
+FBC=60.62 kN (Compression)
+FCE=31.75 kN (Tension)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..519bc8e53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//finding forces in members of truss
+//Refer fig. 4.9
+//Find support reactions
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+//Taking moment about A
+RD=(40*1+60*2+50*3)/4 //kN
+RA=150-RD //kN
+//Consider equilibrium of joint A
+FAB=RA/sind(60) //kN (Compression)
+FAE=FAB*cosd(60) //kN (Tension)
+//Joint D
+FDC=RD/sind(60) //kN (Compression)
+FDE=FDC*cosd(60) //kN (Tension)
+//Joint B (Refer Fig. 4.9 (d)
+FBE=((FAB*sind(60))-40)/sind(60) //kN (Tension)
+FBC=FAB*cosd(60)+FBE*cosd(60) //kN (Compression)
+//Joint C (Refer fig. 4.9 (e))
+FCE=(FDC*sind(60)-50)/sind(60) //kN (Tension)
+//Refer fig. 4.9 (e),(f)
+printf("RD=%.2f kN\nRA=%.2f kN\nFAB=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFAE=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFDC=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFDE=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFBE=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFBC=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFCE=%.2f kN (Tension)",RD,RA,FAB,FAE,FDC,FDE,FBE,FBC,FCE)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4912b7aa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.3/4_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_3.sce', -1)
+FED=25.00 kN (Tension)
+FEF=15.00 kN (Compression)
+RC=15.00 kN
+VA=20.00 kN
+HA=15.00 kN
+FAB=20.00 kN (Compression)
+FAF=15.00 kN (Compression)
+FCB=25.00 kN (Compression)
+FCD=20.00 kN (Tension)
+FBF=0.00 kN
+FBD=15.00 kN (Tension)
+FFD=0.00 kN
+FBF=0.00 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d0d41764 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Analysing the truss
+//Refer fig. 4.10(a)
+//inclined members make an angle theta with the horizontal
+theta=atand(4/3) //Degree
+//Joint E
+//Refer fig. 4.10 (c)
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+FED=20/sind(theta) //kN (Tension)
+FEF=25*cosd(theta) //kN (Compression)
+//Refer fig 4.10 (b)
+//Taking moment about A
+RC=20*6/8 //kN
+VA=20 //kN
+HA=RC //kN
+//Joint A
+//Refer fig.4.10 (d)
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+FAB=VA //kN (Compression)
+FAF=HA //kN (Compression)
+//Joint C
+//Refer fig. 4.10 (E)
+FCB=RC/cosd(theta) //kN (Compression)
+FCD=FCB*sind(theta) //kN (Tension)
+//Joint B
+//Refer fig. 4.10 (f)
+FBF=(FBC*sind(theta)-FAB)/sind(theta) //kN
+FBD=0+25*cosd(theta) //kN (Tension)
+//Joint F
+//Refer Fig. 4.10(g)
+FFD=0
+FBF=0
+printf("FED=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFEF=%.2f kN (Compression)\nRC=%.2f kN\nVA=%.2f kN\nHA=%.2f kN\nFAB=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFAF=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFCB=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFCD=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFBF=%.2f kN\nFBD=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFFD=%.2f kN\nFBF=%.2f kN",FED,FEF,RC,VA,HA,FAB,FAF,FCB,FCD,FBF,FBD,FFD,FBF)
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b432b7c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_4.sce', -1)
+Required values are:-
+FHG=25.00 kN (Compression)
+FHF=15.00 kN (Tension)
+RG=42.00 kN
+VA=10.00 kN (Downwards)
+HA=0.00 kN
+FAC=18.03 kN (Compression)
+FAB=15.00 kN (Tension)
+FBC=0.00 kN
+FCE=18.03 kN (Compression)
+FDE=0.00 kN
+FDF=15.00 kN (Tension)
+FEF=0.00 kN
+FEG=18.03 kN (Compression)
+FAG=12.00 kN (Compression)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92223721f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Finding forces in all members
+//Refer fig. 4.11(a)
+theta1=atand(4/6) //Degree
+theta2=atand(8/6) //Degree
+theta3=atand(4/3) //Degree
+//Joint H
+FHG=20/sind(53.13) //kN (Compression)
+FHF=25*cosd(53.13) //kN (Tension)
+//Taking moment about A
+RG=(20*9+12*6)/6 //kN
+VA=32-42 //kN (Downwards)
+HA=0
+//Joint A
+//applying equilibrium conditions
+FAC=10/sind(33.69) //kN (Compression)
+FAB=18.03*cosd(33.69) //kN (Tension)
+//Joint B
+FBC=0
+FCE=FAC //kN (Compression)
+//Joint D
+FDE=0
+FDF=FBD //kN (Tension)
+//Joint E
+FEF=0
+FEG=FCE //kN (Compression)
+//Joint F
+FAG=12 //kN (Compression)
+printf("Required values are:-\nFHG=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFHF=%.2f kN (Tension)\nRG=%.2f kN\nVA=%.2f kN (Downwards)\nHA=%.2f kN\nFAC=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFAB=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFBC=%.2f kN\nFCE=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFDE=%.2f kN\nFDF=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFEF=%.2f kN\nFEG=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFAG=%.2f kN (Compression)",FHG,FHF,RG,-VA,HA,FAC,FAB,FBC,FCE,FDE,FDF,FEF,FEG,FAG)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b98d9c1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_5.sce', -1)
+
+Required Forces are:-
+FGF=23.09 kN (Tension)
+FGE=11.55 kN (Compression)
+FFE=23.09 kN (Compression)
+FFD=13.09 kN (Tension)
+RE=58.17 kN
+VA=31.83 kN
+HA=10.00 kN
+FAB=36.75 kN (Compression)
+FAC=8.37 (Tension)
+FBC=9.43 kN (Compression)
+FBD=13.65 kN (Compression)
+FCD=9.43 kN (Tension)
+FCE=1.06 kN (Compression)
+FDE=44.07 kN (Compression)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bca4a3ebf --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Analyse truss
+//Refer fig. 4.12 (a)
+//All triangles are equilateral
+//applying equilibrium conditions At
+//Joint G
+FGF=20/sind(60) //kN (Tension)
+FGE=FGF*cosd(60) //kN (Compression)
+//Joint F
+FFE=FGF //kN (Compression)
+FFD=FGF*cosd(60)+FFE*cosd(60)-10 //kN (Tension)
+//Consider eqiulibrium of entire truss
+RE=(-10*3*sind(60)+40*3*cosd(60)+30*(3+3*cosd(60))+20*9)/6 //kN
+VA=(40+30+20)-58.17 //kN
+HA=10 //kN
+//Joint A
+FAB=31.83/sind(60) //kN (Compression)
+FAC=36.75*cosd(60)-10 //kN (Tension)
+//Joint B
+FBC=(40-FAB*sind(60))/sind(60) //kN (Compression)
+FBD=36.75*cosd(60)-9.44*cosd(60) //kN (Compression)
+//Joint C
+FCD=FBC //kN (Tension)
+FCE=9.44*cosd(60)+9.44*cosd(60)-8.38 //kN (Compression)
+//Joint D
+FDE=(30+FCD*sind(60))/sind(60) //kN (Compression)
+printf("\nRequired Forces are:-\nFGF=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFGE=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFFE=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFFD=%.2f kN (Tension)\nRE=%.2f kN\nVA=%.2f kN\nHA=%.2f kN\nFAB=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFAC=%.2f (Tension)\nFBC=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFBD=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFCD=%.2f kN (Tension)\nFCE=%.2f kN (Compression)\nFDE=%.2f kN (Compression)",FGF,FGE,FFE,FFD,RE,VA,HA,FAB,FAC,FBC,FBD,FCD,FCE,FDE)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f49c82ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_6.sce', -1)
+The required values are:-
+FFH=69 kN (Compressive)
+FGH=05 kN (Compressive)
+FGI=72 kN (Tension)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..273c55e46 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Determine The Forces in the member
+//Using symmetry
+RA=70/2 //kN
+RB=RA //kN
+//Consider fig.4.13 (b)
+//Taking moment about G
+FFH=(35*12-10*10-10*6-10*2)/(4*sind(60)) //kN (Compression)
+FGH=(35-10-10-10)/sind(60) //kN (Compression)
+FGI=69.28+5.77*cosd(60) //kN (Tension)
+printf("The required values are:-\nFFH=%.2d kN (Compressive)\nFGH=%.2d kN (Compressive)\nFGI=%.2d kN (Tension)",FFH,FGH,FGI)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f5b52fdd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.7/4_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_7.sce', -1)
+The required forces are:-
+Member Force
+U3U4= 456 kN (Compression)
+L3L4= 412 kN (Tension)
+U4L3= 62 kN (Tension)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d3848461 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//finding magnitude and nature of forces
+//refer fig. 4.14(a)
+//considering equilibrium if entire truss
+//taking moment about L0
+R2=(200*6+200*12+150*18+100*24+100*30)/36 //kN
+R1=200+200+150+100+100-R2 //kN
+//consider equilibrium of right hand side of section (1)-(1)
+theta1=atand(1/6) //degree
+theta2=atand(6/8) //degree
+//taking moment about U4
+FL3L4=(-100*6+325*12)/8 //kN (tension)
+//taking moment about L3
+FU3U4=456.2 //kN (compression)
+FU4L3=(456.2*cosd(9.46)-412.5)/sind(36.87) //kN (tension)
+printf("The required forces are:-\nMember Force\nU3U4= %.2d kN (Compression)\nL3L4= %.2d kN (Tension)\nU4L3= %.2d kN (Tension)",FU3U4,FL3L4,FU4L3)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9bca3950 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_8.sce', -1)
+The required forces are:-
+F1=109 kN (Compression)
+F2=51 kN (Tension)
+F3=69 kN (Tension)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47b6ff003 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Finding forces in members
+//Refer fig. 4.15 (a)
+RA=7*20/2 //kN
+RB=RA //kN (symmetry)
+//CE is perpendicular on AB
+CE=5.196 //m
+DE=3 //m
+theta=atand(5.196/3) //degree
+//The fact that 20 kN loads are equidistant can be used to find out horizontal distances of loads from A
+//Consider equilibrium of left hand side portion of section (1)-(1)
+//taking moment about A
+F2=(20*2.25+20*4.5+20*6.75)/(6*sind(60)) //kN (Tension)
+F1=(70-20-20-20+51.96*sind(60))/sind(30) //kN (compression)
+F3=-51.96*cosd(60)+110*cosd(30) //kN (Tension)
+printf("The required forces are:-\nF1=%.2d kN (Compression)\nF2=%.2d kN (Tension)\nF3=%.2d kN (Tension)",F1,F2,F3)
diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.txt b/3886/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a09c3d4f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\4. Analysis of pin-jointed plane frames\Ex4_9.sce', -1)
+
+The required forces are:-
+FAB=92 kN (Compression)
+FBC=71 kN (Compression)
+FBF=21 kN (Compression)
+FAF=40 kN (Tension)
+FFC=40 kN (Tension)
+FAE=30 kN (Tension)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3886/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59a686b2d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Finding required forces
+//Refer fig. 4.16 (a)
+//Symmetry gives
+RE=(15+30+30+30+15)/2 //kN
+RA=RE //kN
+FAE=30 //kN
+//After construction as shown in ref. fig
+//Taking moment about C
+FAE=(60*5-15*5-30*2.5)/5 //kN (Tension)
+//assumptions are made as shown in fig. 4.16 (b)
+//Apply equilibrium conditions and solving equations
+FFC=15/0.366 //kN (Tension)
+FBC=(0.866*40.98+15)/0.707 //kN (Compression)
+//Lets analyse Joint B
+//Applying equilibrium conditions
+FBF=30*cosd(45) //kN (Compression)
+FAB=71.41+21.21 //kN (Compression)
+//Lets analyse Joint A
+//Applying equilibrium conditions
+FAF=(92.62*sind(45)-45)/sind(30) //kN (Tension)
+printf("\nThe required forces are:-\nFAB=%.2d kN (Compression)\nFBC=%.2d kN (Compression)\nFBF=%.2d kN (Compression)\nFAF=%.2d kN (Tension)\nFFC=%.2d kN (Tension)\nFAE=%.2d kN (Tension)",FAB,FBC,FBF,FAF,FFC,FAE)
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..969095d3d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Value of P
+//Refer fig. 5.5 (a),(b)&(c)
+//(a) when P is Horizontal Phor
+//Consider equilibrium
+//block A
+N1=1000 //N
+F1=0.25*N1 //N
+T=F1 //N
+//Block B
+N2=N1+2000 //N
+F2=3000/3 //mu*N2 N
+Phor=F1+F2 //N
+//(b) when P is inclined (Pinc)
+//Considering equilibrium of block B
+//Using law of friction
+//Pinc*cosd(30)-F1-F2=0
+Pinc=1250/(cosd(30)+(0.5/3)) //N
+printf("\nPhor=%0.2d N\nPinc=%0.2d N",Phor,Pinc)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca51c0e9e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.1.sce', -1)
+
+Phor=1250 N
+Pinc=1210 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1799536d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Value of force P
+//refer fig. 5.14
+mu=0.25
+//Let fi be the angle of limiting friction
+fi=atand(0.25) //degree
+ //Consider equilibrium of block C
+//apply Lami's theorem
+R1=160*sind(180-16-fi)/sind(2*(fi+16)) //kN
+//Consider equilibrium of Wedge A
+//apply Lami's theorem
+P=R1*sind(180-fi-fi-16)/sind(90+fi) //kN
+printf("The required value is P=%0.3f kN",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1736feac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.10.sce', -1)
+The required value is P=66.256 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c133054f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Minimum horizontal force required to avoid slipping
+//refer fig.5.15
+//consider equilibrium
+//taking moment about A
+//0.866*NB+0.5*FB=275
+//Law of friction
+//FB=0.2*NB
+//Thus
+ NB=275/(0.866+0.5*0.2) //N
+NA=200+600-56.934 //N
+FA=0.3*NA //N
+P=NB-FA //N
+printf("The required force is P=%0.2d N",P)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f98b2071d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Minimum horizontal force to prevent slipping:-
+P=61.76 N.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3452ee8a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Least value of alpha and reactions developed
+//refer fig. 5.16
+//Using law of friction and equilibrium
+//FA=0.25*NA
+//FB=0.4*NB
+//NA+0.4*NB=1100
+//0.25*NA=NB
+//Solving this we get
+NA=1000 //N
+FA=0.25*NA //N
+NB=0.25*NA //N
+FB=0.4*250 //N
+//Taking moment about A
+alpha=atand(3) //degree
+printf("\nNA=%0.2f N\nFA=%0.2f N\nNB=%0.2f N\nFB=%0.2f N\nalpha=%0.2f degree",NA,FA,NB,FB,alpha)
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9df4c0b3d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.12.sce', -1)
+
+NA=1000.00 N
+FA=250.00 N
+NB=250.00 N
+FB=100.00 N
+alpha=71.57 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e544bcd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//minimum weight W to prevent downward motion of 1000N block
+mu1=0.2
+mu2=0.3
+//Refer fig. 5.20
+alpha=atand(3/4) //degree
+//considering equilibrium of block W
+//N1=W*cosd(alpha)
+//F1=mu2*N1
+//T1=0.84*W
+theta=180 //degree
+//Friction equation of rope gives
+//T2=T1*%e^(mu2*theta)
+//solving
+//T2=2.156*W
+//Consider equilibrium of 1000 N block
+//N2-N1=800
+//N2=0.8*W+800
+//F2=0.3*N2
+//F1+F2+T2-1000*sind(alpha)=0
+//solving we get
+W=(1000*sind(alpha)-240)/(0.24+0.24+2.156) //N
+printf("\nRequired force is W=%0.2f N",W)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1eca551dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.15.sce', -1)
+
+Required force is W=136.57 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..524a62433 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Determine force P
+//refer fig.5.21
+//From FBD
+theta=250*%pi/180 //radians
+r=250 //mm
+mu=0.3
+//from rope friction equation
+//T2=T1*%e^(mu*theta)
+//also (T2-T2)*r=M
+//solving we get
+T1=(300*1000)/(250*(3.7025-1)) //N
+T2=3.7025*T1 //N
+//Consider the equilibrium of lever arm,
+P=(T2*50)/300 //N
+printf("\n The required force is P=%0.1f N",P)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16bb4f0fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.16.sce', -1)
+
+ The required force is P=274.0 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11ef18bb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Value of theta
+//refer fig.5.6
+//Consider equilibrium
+//300N block
+//N1=300*cosd(theta)
+//Law of friction
+//F1=100*cosd(theta)
+//consider equilibrium of 900 N block
+//N2=1200*cosd(theta)
+//Law of friction
+//F2=400*cosd(theta)
+theta=atand(5/9) //degree
+printf("Required value is\ntheta=%0.2d degree",theta)
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9720a2b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.2.sce', -1)
+Required value is
+theta=29 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e28e6232f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//finding the inclination of the plane and coefficient of friction
+//refer fig 5.7
+//consider equilibrium of system
+//Case (a)
+//N=500*cosd(theta)
+//Using law of friction
+//F1=mu*N
+//500*sind(theta)-500*mu*cosd(theta)=200
+//Case (b)
+//N=500*cosd(theta)
+//usin law of friction
+//F2=mu*N
+//500*mu*cosd(theta)+500*sind(theta)=300
+//add final equations from both cases
+theta=asind(0.5) //degree
+//substitute this value in final equation from case (b)
+mu=(50)/(500*cosd(30))
+printf("\ntheta=%.2d degree\nmu=%0.3f",theta,mu)
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b220909ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.3.sce', -1)
+
+theta=30 degree
+mu=0.115
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7aa892948 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Value of P
+//Refer fig.5.8
+//consider equilibrium
+mu=0.2
+//750N block
+N1=750*cosd(60) //N
+F1=mu*N1 //N
+T=F1+750*sind(60) //N
+//500N block
+//N2=500-0.5P
+//Law of friction
+//F2=0.2*N2
+P=(724.52+100)/(cosd(30)+0.1) //N
+printf("\nP=%0.2f N",P)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66257b50e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.4.sce', -1)
+
+P=853.52 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5251a0477 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Smallest weight W
+//Refer fig. 5.9
+mu=0.4
+//consider equilibrium of block B
+//using law of friction
+N1=5/((0.5)+(tand(20))*(sind(20))) //kN
+F1=N1*tand(20)
+C=N1*cosd(30)-F1*cosd(60) //kN
+//Consider the equilibrium of block A
+F2=C //kN
+//Law of friction
+N2=4.196/0.4 //kN
+W=N2 //kN
+printf("\nW=%0.2f kN",W)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..facd4952d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.5.sce', -1)
+
+W=10.49 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1d254d87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//force required to prevent slipping
+//refer fig. 5.10
+mu=0.25
+//assumptions are made and shown in fig.5.10
+//F1=mu*N1
+//consider equilibrium of block A
+C1=(2000)/((0.25*cosd(30))+(0.5)) //N
+N1=C1*cosd(30)
+//Lami's theorem at joint O gives
+P=(C1*sind(90))/sind(120) //N
+C=(C1*sind(150))/sind(120) //N
+//Consider equilibrium of block B for verification
+//F2=C2*cosd(60) N
+//N2=2000+C2*sind(60) N
+//LF=mu*N2 N (limiting friction)
+//actual frictional force F2 developed is less than the limiting frictional force hence block B is stationary
+//P is the correct answer
+printf("Requiref force is\nP=%0.2f N",P)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce1261659 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.6.sce', -1)
+Requiref force is
+P=3223.14 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09076f584 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Least and the greatest value of W for equilibrium
+//refer fig.
+//case (a) for least value
+refer fig. (b)
+//considering equilibrium of 1000 N block
+N1=1000*cosd(30) //N
+//law of friction gives
+F1=0.28*N1 //N
+T=500-242.49 //N
+//consider equilibrium of W
+//F2=0.1W
+Wmin=257.51/(0.1+sind(60)) //N
+//case (b) for greatest value
+//refer fig. 5.11 (c)
+//consider equilibrium of 1000N block
+T=1000*sind(30)+242.49 //N
+//consider equilibrium of W
+//F2=0.2*0.5*W
+Wmax=742.49/(0.1+sind(60)) //N
+printf("\nThe greatest and least values of W are:-\nWmax=%0.2d N\nWmin=%0.2d N",Wmax,Wmin)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f8e90b4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ The least value of W for equilibrium:-
+ W(l)=266.57 N.
+ The greatest value of W for equilibrium:-
+ W(g)=768.60 N.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..652e6f9eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Force P for impending motion
+//Refer fig. 5.12
+//consider equilibrium of block A
+//NA*cosd(30)+FA*sind(30)-1500-500=0
+//Law of friction gives
+NA=2000 //N
+FA=NA*tand(15) //N
+C=NA*sind(30)-FA*cosd(30) //N
+//consider equilibrium of block B
+NB=2000*cosd(60)+535.90*cosd(30) //N
+FB=NB*tand(15) //N
+P=(392.30)+(2000*sind(60))-(535.90*sind(30)) //N
+printf("The required force is P=%0.2f N",P)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3a8d6afb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.8.sce', -1)
+The required force is P=1856.40 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sce b/3886/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18c943686 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Minimum force required
+//refer fig. 5.13
+//Applying Lami's theorem to system of forces on block
+R1=20*sind(145)/sind(140) //kN
+R2=20*sind(75)/sind(140) //kN
+//Applying Lami's theorem to system of forces on wedge
+P=R2*sind(130)/sind(105) //kN
+printf("required force is P=%0.2f kN",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.txt b/3886/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52876b512 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\5. Friction\5.9.sce', -1)
+required force is P=23.84 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7c7723be --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Determine velocity ratio,mechanical advantage,efficiency,ideal effort,effort lost in friction,ideal load and frictional resistance.
+ W=10000 //N
+P=500 //N
+//distance moved by effort
+D=20 //m
+d=0.8 //m
+//mechanical advantage
+MA=W/P
+printf("\nMechanical advantage=%0.1d",MA)
+//Velocity ratio
+VR=D/d
+printf("\nVelocity ratio=%0.1d",VR)
+//efficiency
+e=MA*100/VR //percent
+printf("\nEfficiency=%0.1d percent",e)
+//ideal effort
+Pi=W/VR //N
+printf("\nIdeal effort=%0.1d N",Pi)
+//Effort lost in friction
+E=P-Pi //N
+printf("\nEffort lost in friction=%0.1d N",E)
+//Ideal load
+Wi=P*VR //N
+printf("\nIdeal load=%0.1d N",Wi)
+//Frictional resistance
+F=Wi-W //N
+printf("\nFrictional resistance=%0.1d N",F)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff6ae3971 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.1.sce', -1)
+
+Mechanical advantage=20
+Velocity ratio=25
+Efficiency=80 percent
+Ideal effort=400 N
+Effort lost in friction=100 N
+Ideal load=12500 N
+Frictional resistance=2500 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec227cc59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Force P required to raise the load
+eta=0.70
+W=2500 //N
+//refer fig. 6.17
+//For third order pulley
+//VR=2^2-1
+//For whole system
+VR=3+3
+P=W/(eta*VR) //N
+printf("Required force p=%.2f N",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ed081241 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.10.sce', -1)
+Required force p=595.24 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b634f8953 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//find necessary effort
+//effective wheel diameter
+D=(6/2)+500+(6/2) //mm
+//effective axle diameter
+d=(20/2)+200+(20/2) //mm
+VR=D/d
+eta=0.7
+MA=eta*VR
+W=1200
+P=1200/1.63 //N
+printf("The effort necessary=%.2f N",P)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22130f44a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.11.sce', -1)
+The effort necessary=736.20 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99d51ca1a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//required effort
+//differential axle diameters
+d1=300 //mm
+d2=250 //mm
+//wheel diameter
+D=800 //mm
+//load
+W=20000 //N
+eta=0.55
+VR=(2*D)/(d2-d1)
+MA=eta*VR
+P=W/MA //N
+printf("Required effort =%0.1f N",-P)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b63f00a2c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.12.sce', -1)
+Required effort =1136.4 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf0b07d40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Effort required
+D=500 //mm
+d=200 //mm
+W=5000 //N
+eta=0.6
+VR=2*D/(D-d)
+MA=eta*VR
+P=W/MA //N
+printf("Required effort=%0.0f N",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53c390b01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.13.sce', -1)
+Required effort=2500 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68df5a803 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Force required at the end of lever
+d=40 //mm
+p=20/3 //mm
+W=40000 //N
+R=400 //mm
+mu=0.12
+theta=atand(p/(%pi*d)) //degree
+P=(d*W*(mu+tand(theta)))/(2*R*(1-mu*tand(theta))) //N
+printf("Force required at the end of lever P=%0.2f N",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f6d51f2d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.14.sce', -1)
+Force required at the end of lever P=348.32 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7cae55cb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Screw jack parameters
+p=10 //mm
+d=50 //mm
+W=6000 //N
+theta=atand(p/(%pi*d)) //degree
+fi=atand(0.05) //degree
+R=300 //mm
+P=(d*W*tand(theta+fi))/(2*R) //N
+VR=(2*%pi*R)/(p)
+MA=W/P
+eta=MA*100/VR //percent
+//torque required to keep the load from descending
+T=(50*600*tand(3.6426-2.8624))/2 //N-mm
+printf("Efficiency eta=%0.2f percent > 50 percent\nThus the screw jack is not self locking\nTorque required to keep the load from descending T=%0.2f N-mm",eta,T)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf1d0456e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.15.sce', -1)
+Efficiency eta=55.83 percent > 50 percent
+Thus the screw jack is not self locking
+Torque required to keep the load from descending T=204.27 N-mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ad8da192 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Differential screw jack
+//pitch
+pA=10 //mm
+pB=5 //mm
+//lever arm length
+R=500 //mm
+VR=(2*%pi*R)/(pA-pB)
+P=185 //N
+W=15000 //N
+MA=W/P
+eta=MA*100/VR //percent
+//let the law of machine be P=m*W+C
+//from first case 185=m*15000+C
+//from second case 585=m*50000+C
+//solving we get
+m=4/350
+C=185-(m*15000) //N
+printf("Law of machine is P=%.4f*W+%0.2d ",m,C)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8a1bd5fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.16.sce', -1)
+Law of machine is P=0.0114*W+13
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..278da7947 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//single purchase crab
+//load drum radius
+r=200/2 //mm
+//Length of lever arm
+R=1200 //mm
+T2=100
+T1=10
+VR=(R*T2)/(r*T1)
+//let the law of machine be P=m*W+C
+//in first case 100=m*3000+C
+//in second case 160=m*9000+C
+//solving we get
+m=1/100
+C=70
+//P=0.01*W+70
+//case 1
+MA1=3000/100
+eta1=MA1*100/VR //percent
+//case 2
+MA2=9000/160
+eta2=MA2*100/VR //percent
+printf("\nVR=%.0f\nP=0.01*W+70\nIn first case\neta=%0.2f percent\nIn second case\neta=%0.2f percent",VR,eta1,eta2)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..525c39114 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.17.sce', -1)
+
+VR=120
+P=0.01*W+70
+In first case
+eta=25.00 percent
+In second case
+eta=46.88 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.18/6_18.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.18/6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..20eb30d16 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.18/6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Double purchase crab
+T1=15
+T2=45
+T3=20
+T4=40
+R=400 //mm
+r=150/2 //mm
+VR=(R*T2*T4)/(r*T1*T3)
+eta=0.40
+MA=eta*VR
+W=12.8*250 //N
+printf("Applied load lifts a load of W=%.2f N",W)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.18/6_18.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.18/6_18.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52a5ba095 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.18/6_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.18.sce', -1)
+Applied load lifts a load of W=3200.00 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8757768d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Simple machine
+//assume law of machine P=m*W+C
+//From first and second conditions we obtain 2 equations
+//150=2400*m+C
+//180=3000*m+C
+//upon solving them
+//P=0.05*W+30
+//When force of 200 N is applied
+W=(200-30)/(0.05) //N
+//Ideal effort
+Pi=3400/30 //N
+//Effort wasted in overcoming the friction
+Ew=200-113.33 //N
+//Mechanical advantage
+MA=3400/200
+//Efficiency
+Eff=(17*100)/(30) //percent
+printf("\n Law of machining is P=0.05*W+30\nW=%.2f N\nEffort wasted in overcoming the friction=%.2f N\nMechanical advantage=%.2f \nEfficiency=%.2f percent",W,Ew,MA,Eff)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44a9fe1a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.2.sce', -1)
+
+ Law of machining is P=0.05*W+30
+W=3400.00 N
+Effort wasted in overcoming the friction=86.67 N
+Mechanical advantage=17.00
+Efficiency=56.67 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38e8349f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//maximum mechanical advantage and maximum efficiency
+//Effort
+P=150 //N
+W=7700 //N
+MA=W/P //mechanical advantage
+//If efficiency=60%
+eff=0.6
+VR=(MA)/(eff)
+//When an effort of 250 N raised a load of 13200 N
+P1=250 //N
+W1=13200 //N
+MA1=(W1)/(P1)
+eff1=MA1*100/VR //percent
+//assume law of machine as P=m*W+C
+//from first case 150=7700*m+C
+//from second case 250=13200*m+C
+//Solving we get
+m=100/5500
+//maximum mechanical advantage
+MAmax=1/(m)
+//maximum efficiency
+Effmax=100/(m*VR) //percent
+printf("\nMechanical advantage=%0.2f\nVelocity ratio=%0.2f\nEfficiency=%0.2f percent\nMaximum mechanical advantage=%0.2f\nMaxumum efficiency=%0.2f percent",MA,VR,eff1,MAmax,Effmax)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cb8e6833 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.3.sce', -1)
+
+Mechanical advantage=51.33
+Velocity ratio=85.56
+Efficiency=61.71 percent
+Maximum mechanical advantage=55.00
+Maxumum efficiency=64.29 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d11d01d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//determine law of machine and maximum efficiency
+//fig.6.4 shows graph of effort vs load
+//from graph
+C=10 //N
+//slope
+m=30/500
+//Law of machine is P=m*W+C
+//P=0.06*W+10
+//eta=MA/VR=W/25P
+//table 6.5 shows calculation of efficiency for various loads
+//Refer fig. 6.5
+//from graph it can be seen that maximum efficiency=50% but the graph is plotted for infinitely large load
+//thus
+//Maximum efficiency
+VR=25
+Emax=100/(m*VR) //percent
+printf("\nLaw of machines is P=0.06*W+10\nMaximum efficiency=%.2f percent",Emax)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebfbdbeb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.4.sce', -1)
+
+Law of machines is P=0.06*W+10
+Maximum efficiency=66.67 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d21562520 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Lifting machine
+VR=30
+W=5000 //N
+P=360 //N
+MA=W/P
+//efficiency
+eta=MA*100/VR //percent
+printf("Since the efficiency eta=%0.2d percent is less than 50 percent,it is a self locking machine",eta)
+//ideal load
+Wi=P*VR //N
+//Frictional resistance
+FR=Wi-W //N
+printf("\nIdeal load=%0.2d N\nFrictional resistance=%0.2d N",Wi,FR)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b26205998 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.5.sce', -1)
+Since the efficiency eta=46 percent is less than 50 percent,it is a self locking machine
+Ideal load=10800 N
+Frictional resistance=5800 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5abfc27d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Finding the additional pulleys required
+//if n is number of movable pulleys then
+n=3
+VR=2^n
+eta=0.8
+MA=eta*VR
+P=6000/6.4 //N
+//In second case
+Effort=520 //N
+//efficiency eta=0.80-n1*0.05
+//n1=number of additional pulleys required=(n-3)
+//thus
+//W=P[0.8-(n-3)*0.05]*2^n
+//by using trial and erroe method
+nfinal=4
+printf("Number of movable pulleys required=%.0f",nfinal)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aee6fb38d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.6.sce', -1)
+Number of movable pulleys required=4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85c5d0c8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//calculate force required
+//refer fig.6.15
+//VR=2*number of movable pulleys
+VR=2*3
+eta=0.85
+MA=eta*VR
+W=12000
+P=W/5.1
+printf("The required force is P=%.2f N",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e6ae6399 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.7.sce', -1)
+The required force is P=2352.94 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bac961d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Pull required
+//Refer fig.6.16
+//Let weight W be lifted by a distance x
+//Consider first order system
+//VR=2^2
+//Consider second order system
+VR=8
+eta=0.78
+MA=eta*VR
+W=12000
+P=W/6.24 //N
+printf("Required pull P=%0.2f N",P)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06a8c5c6e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.8.sce', -1)
+Required pull P=1923.08 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sce b/3886/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e231e7bed --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//machine efficiency and effort lost in friction
+//For third order system of pulleys
+W=1000
+VR=(2^3)-1
+eta=(1000*100)/(180*7) //percent
+//ideal effort
+Pi=(W)/(VR) //N
+P=180 //N
+//effort lost in friction
+Pl=P-Pi //N
+printf("Efficiency=%.2f percent\nEffort lost in friction=%.2f N",eta,Pl)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.txt b/3886/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..320e971d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\6. Lifting machines\6.9.sce', -1)
+Efficiency=79.37 percent
+Effort lost in friction=37.14 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c43d0f11 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Diameter of wheels
+//refer fig.7.2
+d1=240 //mm
+N1=250 //rpm
+N2=100 //rpm
+d2=N1*d1/N2 //mm
+ans1=d1+d2 //mm
+d3=840/3 //mm
+d4=840-d3 //mm
+d5=(840)/(1+(5/3)) //mm
+d6=840-d5 //mm
+printf("\nd2=%.2f mm\nd3=%.2f mm\nd4=%.2f mm\nd5=%.2f mm\nd6=%.2f mm",d2,d3,d4,d5,d6)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93bd62bd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.1.sce', -1)
+
+d2=600.00 mm
+d3=280.00 mm
+d4=560.00 mm
+d5=315.00 mm
+d6=525.00 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6b55df36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//speed of pinion
+P=480 //N
+Pw=1800 //W
+v=Pw/P //m/sec
+//module
+m=8
+d=25*m //mm
+r=d/2000 //m
+omega=v/r //rad/sec
+N=(60*omega)/(2*%pi) //rpm
+//rest is theory
+printf("Speed of the pinion N=%.1f rpm",N)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c28bbd54b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.10.sce', -1)
+Speed of the pinion N=358.1 rpm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..728a0fa51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//speed of driven shaft
+//a-If the intermediate gears are on different shaft
+TA=25
+TD=100
+NA=160 //rpm
+aND=TA*NA/TD //rpm
+//b-If the intermediate gears are on the same shaft
+bND=(75*25*160)/(50*100) //rpm
+printf("\ncase a\nND=%.2f rpm\ncase b\nND=%.2f rpm",aND,bND)
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a156a29e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.11/7_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.11.sce', -1)
+
+case a
+ND=40.00 rpm
+case b
+ND=60.00 rpm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e1b1969a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//speed of follower
+d1=600 //mm
+d2=400 //mm
+N1=160 //rpm
+N2=2 //rpm
+//if there is no slip
+aN2=(600*160)/(400) //rpm
+//when there is 2.5% slip
+p=2.5/100
+bN2=(N1*d1*(100-p))/(d2*100) //rpm
+printf("\nWhen there is no slip \nN2=%0.2f rpm\nWhen there is 2.5 percent slip \nN2=%0.2f rpm",aN2,bN2)
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..511e932fc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.2.sce', -1)
+
+When there is no slip
+N2=240.00 rpm
+When there is 2.5 percent slip
+N2=239.94 rpm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f9706855 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Length of belt
+N2=80
+N1=200
+d1=240
+d2=d1*N1/N2 //mm
+r1=120 //mm
+r2=300 //mm
+l=2500 //mm
+//length of crossbelt
+L=%pi*(r1+r2)+2*l+((r1+r2)^2)/l //mm
+printf("The length of crossbelt L=%.2f mm",L)
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a629b93a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.3.sce', -1)
+The length of crossbelt L=6390.03 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8bd73ed6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//range of weight
+//refer fig. 7.5
+//angle of contact
+theta=1.25*2*%pi
+//case 1-Let impending motion of the weight be downward
+//T1=600 //N
+//T2=W
+//from law of rope friction
+//T2=T1*%e^mu*theta
+aW=600*(%e^(0.3*2.5*%pi)) //N
+//case-2 impending motion of W be upward
+//T1=W
+//T2=600 N
+//from law of rope friction
+bW=600/(%e^(0.75*%pi)) //N
+printf("The range of weight that can be supported is from %.2f N to %.2f N",aW,bW)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e58193f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.4.sce', -1)
+The range of weight that can be supported is from 6330.43 N to 56.87 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da5c740eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Maximum power that can be transmitted
+alpha=asin((500-300)/2*2500) //radians
+//angle of contact
+theta=%pi-2*alpha //radians
+f1=4
+b=100
+t=3
+//T2 may be allowed upto
+T2=f1*b*t //N
+mu=0.3
+T1=1200/2.505 //N
+r=500/2
+omega=(2*%pi*100)/60
+P=(T2-T1)*r*omega/1000000 //kW
+printf("The maximum power that can be transmitted=%.3f kW",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57e60aa08 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.5.sce', -1)
+The maximum power that can be transmitted=1.887 kW
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac9ffc1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Force P required
+//refer fig. 7.6
+mu=0.3
+theta=(250*%pi)/180 //radians
+r=250 //mm
+T1=(300*10^3)/(250*(%e^mu*theta-1)) //N
+T2=(%e^mu*theta)*T1 //N
+//Considering equilibrium of lever arm
+P=(1644.06*50)/(300) //N
+printf("The required value is P=%.2f N",P)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0426b52d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.6.sce', -1)
+The required value is P=274.01 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80f5174e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//maximum power that can be transmitted
+mu=0.3
+alpha=asin(((480/2)-(320/2))/2500) //radians
+theta=%pi-2*alpha
+//neglecting centrifugal tension
+f=3
+b=150
+t=8
+//maximum force permitted is
+T2=f*b*t //N
+T1=T2/%e^mu*theta
+r=480/2
+omega=(2*%pi*800)/60
+aP=((3600-1429.82)*480*2*800*%pi)/(2*60*(10^6)) //kW
+//If centrifugal tension is considered
+v=r*omega/1000 //m/sec
+m=1.32
+Tc=m*v^2 //N
+//maximum force that can be permitted on the belt
+//T=T2+Tc=f*b*t
+bT2=3600-533.62 //N
+bT1=3066.38/2.5178 //N
+//maximum torque that can be transferred
+bP=(bT2-bT1)*v/1000 //kW
+printf("\nneglecting centrifugal tension P=%0.3f kW\nConsidering centrifugal tension P=%0.3f kW",aP,bP)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9d926892 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.7.sce', -1)
+
+neglecting centrifugal tension P=43.634 kW
+Considering centrifugal tension P=37.166 kW
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5c42e147 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Maximum power transmitted
+m=0.9
+v=20
+Tc=m*v^2 //N
+f=1.5
+d=36
+T=(f*%pi*d^2)/(4) //N
+T2=T-Tc //N
+mu=0.3
+theta=220*%pi/180 //radians
+T1=T2/(%e^mu*theta*(1/sind(30))) //N
+P=(T2-T1)*v/1000 //kW
+printf("maximum power P=%.3f kW ",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26feb9aac --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.8.sce', -1)
+maximum power P=21.085 kW
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce b/3886/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8eb7c11b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//parallel shafts connected with spur gearing
+l=540 //mm
+//d2=1080/4 //mm
+//d1=3*d2
+//for a module of 8
+//T1=810/8 but number of teeth is whole no.
+T1=102
+//T2=270/8 but number of teeth is whole no.
+T2=34
+//pitch circle diameter are
+d1=102*8 //mm
+d2=34*8 //mm
+//The exact distance between the shafts
+l=(d1+d2)/2 //mm
+printf("\nT1=%.0d \nT2=%.0d \nl=%.0d mm",T1,T2,l)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.txt b/3886/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a72f4435a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\7. Transmission of power\7.9.sce', -1)
+
+T1=102
+T2=34
+l=544 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f70b4fc26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Resultant of system
+//Refer fig. 8.5
+//Let E be the equilibriant
+//using virtual work principle
+//-E*cosd(theta)=50*cosd(45)+80*cosd(25)+70*cosd(50)=152.86 N
+//-E*sind(theta)=-50*sind(45)+80*sind(25)+70*sind(50)=52.07*sind(25)
+//Thus
+a=152.86 //N (R*cosd(theta))
+b=52.07 //N (R*sind(theta))
+R=sqrt(a^2+b^2) //N
+theta=atand(b/a) //degree
+printf("Resultant R=%.2f N inclined at theta=%.2f degree w.r.t positive x-axis",R,theta)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5cf1ab4fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.1.sce', -1)
+Resultant R=161.49 N inclined at theta=18.81 degree w.r.t positive x-axis
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f8e97bd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Horizontal force P
+//refer fig.8.14
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//-1500*(delta(s)*sind(30))+P*delta(s)*cosd(30)+0=0
+P=1500*tand(30) //N
+printf("Magnitude of P=%.2f N",P)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ebbbf703 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.10.sce', -1)
+Magnitude of P=866.03 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80f80af83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Range of force P
+//refer fig. 8.15
+//a-when the motion is impending up the plane
+mu=0.3
+N=1000*cosd(70)
+F=mu*N //N
+//Applying virtual work principle
+aP=1000*sind(70)+300*cosd(70) //N
+//b-when the motion is impending down the plane
+//Applying virtual work principle
+bP=1000*sind(70)-300*cosd(70) //N
+printf("Block is in equilibrium for P=%.2f N to %.2f N",bP,aP)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b8e2919b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.11.sce', -1)
+Block is in equilibrium for P=837.09 N to 1042.30 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bea441e90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Position of the balls
+//refer fig. 8.16
+//Let a virtual displacement be given to the system of balls as shown
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//200*sind(30)*delta(DB)+150*sind(60)*delta(EB)=0
+theta=atand((150*sind(60))/(200*sind(30))) //degree
+printf("Thus theta=%.2f degree",theta)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0ec00b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.12.sce', -1)
+Thus theta=52.41 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de1cbf0aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Force P to make motion impending to the left
+//Refer fig.8.17
+N1=250
+N2=1000*cosd(45)
+N3=500
+F1=0.25*N1 //N
+F2=0.25*N2 //N
+F3=0.25*N3 //N
+//let us give virtual displacement towards left
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//(P-F1-1000*sind(45)-F2-F3)*delta(s)=0
+P=F1+1000*sind(45)+F2+F3 //N
+printf("The required force is P=%.2f N",P)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0186396a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.13/8_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.13.sce', -1)
+The required force is P=1071.38 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a34f24830 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Determine WB
+//refer fig.8.18
+theta=atand(3/4)
+mu=0.3
+WA=200
+F=mu*WA*cosd(theta) //N
+//Let us give virtual displacement of delta(s) up the plane to block A
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//(-200*sind(theta)-F+WB/2)*delta(s)=0
+WB=2*(200*sind(theta)+F) //N
+printf("Required value of WB=%.2f N",WB)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb621d93c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.14/8_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.14.sce', -1)
+Required value of WB=336.00 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d7112b13 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Determine force P
+//refer fig.8.19
+//(a) P at floor level
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//P*delta(x)-200*delta(y)=0
+P=100*tand(30) //N
+//(b) If the rope is used instead of force P
+//refer fig.8.20
+//Taking C as origin
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//(-3*T*cosd(theta)+400*sind(theta))*delta(theta)=0
+T=(400*tand(30))/3 //N
+printf("\nP=%.2f N\nT=%.2f N",P,T)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0fe2b738 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.15/8_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.15.sce', -1)
+
+P=57.74 N
+T=76.98 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.16/8_16.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.16/8_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb8ccec03 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.16/8_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Least value of theta to avoid slipping of ladder
+//refer fig.8.21
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//-0.4*NA*6*cosd(theta)*delta(theta)-200*(-3*sind(theta)*delta(theta))-900*(-5*sind(theta)*delta(theta))+0.25*NB(-6*sind(theta)*delta(theta))=0
+NA=1100/(1+0.25*0.4) //N
+NB=0.4*1000 //N
+theta=atand(2400/4500) //degree
+printf("Thus theta=%.2f degree",theta)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.16/8_16.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.16/8_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..318209712 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.16/8_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.16.sce', -1)
+Thus theta=28.07 degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.17/8_17.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.17/8_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e8339399 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.17/8_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Force in the member FH
+//refer fig.8.22
+//use symmetry
+//Apply virtual work principle
+//RA*12*delta(theta)-10*10*delta(theta)-10*6*delta(theta)-10*2*delta(theta)+FFH*2*tand(60)=0
+FFH=-240/(2*tand(60)) //kN
+printf("FFH is a compressive force of %.2f kN",-FFH)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.17/8_17.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.17/8_17.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a80319a14 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.17/8_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.17.sce', -1)
+FFH is a compressive force of 69.28 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.18/8_18.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.18/8_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0cd98b2ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.18/8_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Force developed in member DF
+//refer fig. 8.23
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//-100*10*delta(theta)-100*5*delta(theta)+FDF*5*delta(theta)*cosd(45)=0
+FDF=1500/(5*cosd(45)) //kN (tensile)
+printf("Thus force developed in member DF is FDF=%.2f kN (Tensile)",FDF)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.18/8_18.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.18/8_18.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04c06d618 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.18/8_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.18.sce', -1)
+Thus force developed in member DF is FDF=424.26 kN (Tensile)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1d5c8f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Reactions developed in beam
+//refer fig 8.6
+//Let RA and RB be the reactions at supports A and B
+//applying virtual work principle
+RB=(20/3)+(80/3) //kN
+RA=(40/3)+(40/3) //kN
+printf("Reactions are-\nRA=%.2f kN\nRB=%.2f kN",RA,RB)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ef7f3fa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.2.sce', -1)
+Reactions are-
+RA=26.67 kN
+RB=33.33 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46e19ea52 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Reactions of overhanging beam
+//refer fig. 8.7
+//Applying virtual work principle for beam in equilibrium
+RB=(8/6)*(30+60*4/8-20/8) //kN
+RA=(7/6)*(20+60*2/7-30*2/7) //kN
+printf("The reactions are-\nRA=%0.2f kN\nRB=%.2f kN",RA,RB)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..281ed61d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.3.sce', -1)
+The reactions are-
+RA=33.33 kN
+RB=76.67 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6abb120a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Reactions at A
+//refer fig. 8.8
+//applying virtual work principle
+//(RA-60)delta(y)=0
+//thus
+RA=60 //kN
+printf("\n Reaction is RA=%.2f kN",RA)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18ccdf0ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.4.sce', -1)
+
+ Reaction is RA=60.00 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bd95c5b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Reaction at A in overhanging beam
+//refer fig. 8.9
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//(-2*RA+180-20)*delta(y)=0
+//Thus
+RA=(180-20)/2 //kN
+printf("\n Reaction is RA=%.2f kN",RA)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a936f647e --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.5.sce', -1)
+
+ Reaction is RA=80.00 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0bbe045f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Reaction at B
+//refer fig. 8.10
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//(-4-6+RB)*delta(y)=0
+//Thus
+RB=6+4 //kN
+printf("Reaction at B is RB=%.2f kN",RB)
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2dc2ec61 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.6.sce', -1)
+Reaction at B is RB=10.00 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3050647db --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Determine reaction RA
+//refer fig. 8.11
+//give virtual displacement at A
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//(RA-32+8+0+4)*delta(y)=0
+RA=32-8-4 //kN
+printf("Reaction at A is RA=%.2f kN",RA)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e57c581d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.7.sce', -1)
+Reaction at A is RA=20.00 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.sce b/3886/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c9cacbb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Determine reaction RA
+//refer fig.8.12
+//Applying virtual work principle
+//give virtual displacement at A
+//Virtual work equation is
+//(RA-20+8)*delta(y)=0
+RA=20-8 //kN
+printf("The reaction RA=%.2d kN",RA)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt b/3886/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..805fc6b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\8. Virtual work\8.8.sce', -1)
+The reaction RA=12 kN
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81138e071 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//Locating the centroid of T section
+//Refer fig. 9.10
+//due to symmetry the centroid lies on y axis
+//distance of centroid from top is
+ybar=(100*20*10+20*100*70)/(100*20+20*100)
+printf("Centroid of T-section is on the symmetric axis at a distance of %.2f mm from the top",ybar)
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b227287c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.1.sce', -1)
+Centroid of T-section is on the symmetric axis at a distance of 40.00 mm from the top
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af8e232a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Moment of inertia of L-section
+//Divide the section into two rectangles A1 and A2
+A1=125*10 //mm^2
+A2=75*10 //mm^2
+A=A1+A2 //mm^2
+xbar=((1250*5)+750*(10+75/2))/A //mm
+ybar=((1250*125/2)+(750*5))/A //mm
+Ixx=((10*125^3)/12)+(1250*21.56^2)+((75/12)*10^3)+(750*39.94^2) //mm^4
+Iyy=((125*10^3)/12)+(1250*15.94^2)+((10*75^3)/12)+(750*26.56^2) //mm^4
+Izz=Ixx+Iyy //mm^4
+printf("\nIxx=%.2f mm^4\nIyy=%.2f mm^4\nIzz=%.2f mm^4",Ixx,Iyy,Izz)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78517996d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.10.sce', -1)
+
+Ixx=3411298.87 mm^4
+Iyy=1208658.87 mm^4
+Izz=4619957.73 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ecc83b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Moment of inertia of I section
+//Refer fig. 9.36
+A1=200*9 //mm^2
+A2=(250-9*2)*6.7 //mm^2
+A3=200*9 //mm^2
+A=A1+A2+A3 //mm^2
+Ixx=((200*9^3)/12)+(1800*120.5^2)+((6.7*232^3)/12)+(0)+((200*9^3)/12)+(1800*120.5^2) //mm^4
+Iyy=((9*200^3)/12)+((232*6.7^3)/12)+((9*200^3)/12) //mm^4
+Izz=Ixx+Iyy //mm^4
+printf("\nIxx=%.2f mm^4\nIyy=%.2f mm^4\nIzz=%.2f mm^4",Ixx,Iyy,Izz)
+//The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7646a75cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.11.sce', -1)
+
+Ixx=59269202.13 mm^4
+Iyy=12005814.75 mm^4
+Izz=71275016.88 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4fa20ad3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Second moment of Inertia
+//refer fig. 9.37
+A1=100*13.5 //mm^2
+A2=(400-27)*8.1 //mm^2
+A3=100*13.5 //mm^2
+A=A1+A2+A3 //mm^2
+Ixx=((100*13.5^3)/12)+(1350*193.25^2)+((8.1*373^3)/12)+((100*13.5^3)/12)+(1350*193.25^2) //mm^4
+Iyy=((13.5*100^3)/12)+(1350*24.27^2)+((373*8.1^3)/12)+(3021.3*21.68^2)+((13.5*100^3)/12)+(1350*24.27^2)
+printf("\nIxx=%.2d mm^4\nIyy=%.2d mm^4",Ixx,Iyy)
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4cad0683 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.12.sce', -1)
+
+Ixx=135903228 mm^4
+Iyy=5276986 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad31e5007 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Polar moment of inertia
+//Refer fig.9.38
+//section can be divided into three triangles
+A1=80*12 //mm^2
+A2=(150-22)*12 //mm^2
+A3=120*10 //mm^2
+A=A1+A2+A3 //mm^2
+Ixx=((80*12^3)/12)+(960*74.22^2)+((12*128^3)/12)+(1536*4.22^2)+((120*10^3)/12)+(1200*64.78^2) //mm^4
+Iyy=((12*80^3)/12)+((128*12^3)/12)+((10*120^3)/12) //mm^4
+//Polar moment of Inertia (Izz)
+Izz=Ixx+Iyy //mm^4
+kxx=sqrt(Ixx/A) //mm
+Kyy=sqrt(Iyy/A) //mm The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\nIzz=%.2d mm^4\nkxx=%.2f mm\nkyy=%.2f mm",Izz,kxx,kyy)
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..553fb7d87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.13.sce', -1)
+
+Izz=14440459 mm^4
+kxx=58.09 mm
+kyy=31.21 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1a6022b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Determine moment of inertia
+//refer fig.9.39
+A1=100*30 //mm^2
+A2=100*25 //mm^2
+A3=200*20 //mm^2
+A4=87.5*20/2 //mm^2
+A5=87.5*20/2 //mm^2
+A=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 //mm^2
+ybar=(3000*135+2500*70+4000*10+875*(20/3+20)*2)/A //mm
+Ixx=((100*30*30*30)/(12))+(3000*(75.74^2))+((25*(100^3))/(12))+(2500*(10.74^2))+((200*(20^3))/(12))+(4000*(49.26^2))+((87.5*(20^3))/(36))+(875*(32.59^2))+((87.5*(20^3))/(36))+(875*(32.59^2)) //mm^4
+Iyy=((30*(100^3))/(12))+((100*(25^3))/(12))+((20*(200^3))/(12))+((20*(87.5^3))/(36))+(875*(41.66^2))+((20*(87.5^3))/(36))+(875*(41.66^2)) //mm^4
+printf("\nIxx=%.2d mm^4\nIyy=%.2d mm^4",Ixx,Iyy)
+//The answers vary due to round off error
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a4ef1863 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.14.sce', -1)
+
+Ixx=31543446 mm^4
+Iyy=19745121 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4a5b88a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +//Moment of inertia of section
+//refer fig. 9.40
+IAB=((400*20^3)/12)+(400*20*10^2)+(((100*10^3)/12)+100*10*(20+5)^2)*2+(((10*380^3)/12)+10*380*(30+190)^2)*2+(((100*10^3)/12)+100*10*(20+10+380+5)^2)*2 //mm^4
+printf("IAB=%.2d mm^4",IAB)
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3aa3569e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.15.sce', -1)
+IAB=806093333 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eefe5eedd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//Moment of inertia
+//refer fig.9.41
+sumAiyi=250*10*5+2*40*10*(10+20)+40*10*(10+5)+40*10*255+250*10*(10+125) //mm^3
+A=2*250*10+40*10*4 //mm^2
+ybar=sumAiyi/A
+Ixx=((250*10^3)/12)+(250*10*(73.03-5)^2)+(((10*40^3)/12)+40*10*(73.03-30)^2)*2+((40*10^3)/12)+40*10*(73.03-15)^2+((10*250^3)/12)+250*10*(73.03-135)^2+((40*10^3)/12)+40*10*(73.03-255)^2 //mm^4
+printf("Ixx=%.2d mm^4",Ixx)
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60165db26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.16.sce', -1)
+Ixx=50399393 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c396c0e98 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//moment of inertia
+//refer fig.9.42
+sumAiyi=(600*15)*((600/2)+20)+140*10*2*(70+30)+150*10*2*(5+20)+400*20*10 //mm^3
+A=600*15+140*10*2+150*10*2+400*20 //mm^2
+ybar=sumAiyi/A //mm
+Ixx=((15*(600^3))/(12))+(600*15*((145.39-320)^2))+((10*2*(140^3))/(12))+(1400*2*((145.39-100)^2))+((150*2*(10^3))/(12))+(1500*2*((145.39-15)^2))+((400*(20^3))/(12))+(400*20*((145.39-10)^2))
+printf("Ixx=%.2f mm^4",Ixx)
+//The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9b667f95 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.17.sce', -1)
+Ixx=752679847.88 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4c6b47e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +//Compute moment of inertia
+//refer fig. 9.43
+Ixx=((125*60^3)/36)+(125*(60/2)*(60+60/3)^2)+((125*60^3)/36)+(125*(60/2)*(2*60/3)^2)+((125*60^3)/36)+(125*(60/2)*(60/3)^2)+((125*60^3)/36)+(125*(60/2)*(60/3)^2) //mm^4
+printf("Ixx=%.2d mm^4",Ixx)
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89bd66c2c --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.18.sce', -1)
+Ixx=36000000 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04ea5aa68 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +//moment of inertia of shaded region
+//refer fig. 9.44
+//The figure is divided into simple geometry
+IAB=((80*80^3)/12)+((%pi*80^4)/128)-((%pi*40^4)/64) //mm^4
+printf("IAB=%.2d mm^4",IAB)
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e51c7115 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.19.sce', -1)
+IAB=4292979 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f5a5dd70 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Centroid of angle
+//refer fig. 9.11
+//the given figure can be divided into two rectangles
+A1=150*12 //mm^2
+A2=(200-12)*12 //mm^2
+//total area
+A=A1+A2 //mm^2
+xbar=(1800*75+2256*6)/(4056) //mm
+ybar=(1800*6+2256*106)/(4056) //mm
+printf("The centroid is at \nxbar=%.2f mm\nybar=%.2f mm ",xbar,ybar)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e16ddcce8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.2.sce', -1)
+The centroid is at
+xbar=36.62 mm
+ybar=61.62 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8acc440c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Find second moment of inertia
+ybar=28.47 //mm
+xbar=39.21 //mm
+Ixx=((80*20^3)/36)+(80*(20/2)*(60-(2*20/3)-28.47)^2)+((80*40^3)/12)+(80*40*(28.47-20)^2)-((0.0068598*20^4)+(20^2)*(%pi/2)*(28.47-((4*20)/(3*%pi)))^2) //mm^4
+Iyy=((20*30^3)/36)+((20/2)*30*(39.21-(2*30/3))^2)+((20*50^3)/36)+(20/2)*50*(39.21-(30+50/3))^2+((40*80^3)/12)+(40*80*(39.21-40)^2)-(%pi*40^4)/(2*64)-((%pi)*(40^2)*(40-39.21)^2)/(4*2) //mm^4
+printf("\nIxx=%.2d mm^4\nIyy=%.2d mm^4",Ixx,Iyy)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba2e7ee4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.20.sce', -1)
+
+Ixx=686944 mm^4
+Iyy=1868392 mm^4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..928930bcc --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//locating centroid
+//refer fig. 9.12
+//due to symmetry centroid must lie on y-axis
+xbar=0
+A1=100*20 //mm^2
+//for A1
+y1=30+100+20/2 //mm
+//for A2
+A2=100*20 //mm^2
+y2=30+100/2 //mm
+A3=150*30 //mm^2
+y3=30/2 //mm
+A=2000+2000+4500
+ybar=(A1*y1+A2*y2+A3*y3)/A //mm
+printf("The centroid is on the symmetric axis at a distance of %.2f mm from the bottom as shown in figure 9.12",ybar)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6088ee43f --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.3.sce', -1)
+The centroid is on the symmetric axis at a distance of 59.71 mm from the bottom as shown in figure 9.12
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..114872319 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Centroid of dam
+//refer fig. 9.13 and select axis accordingly
+A1=2*6/2 //m^2
+A2=2*7.5 //m^2
+A3=3*5/2 //m^2
+A4=1*4 //m^2
+A=A1+A2+A3+A4 //m^2
+//centroid of simple geometries are
+x1=2*2/3 //m
+y1=6/3 //m
+x2=2+1 //m
+y2=7.5/2 //m
+x3=2+2+3/3 //m
+y3=1+5/3 //m
+x4=4+4/2 //m
+y4=0.5 //m
+xbar=(A1*x1+A2*x2+A3*x3+A4*x4)/(A) //m
+ybar=(A1*y1+A2*y2+A3*y3+A4*y4)/(A) //m
+printf("centroid is at\nxbar=%.3f mm\nybar=%.3f mm",xbar,ybar)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16dfa7458 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.4.sce', -1)
+centroid is at
+xbar=3.523 mm
+ybar=2.777 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c341eed72 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Determine centroid
+//refer fig. 9.14
+//This figure is divided into three simple figures
+A1=3*4/2 //m^2
+A2=6*4 //m^2
+A3=%pi*(1/2)*2^2 //m^2
+A=A1+A2+A3 //m^2
+//Co-ordinates of centroid
+x1=6+3/3 //m
+ya=4/3 //m
+x2=3 //m
+y2=2 //m
+R=2
+x3=(-4*R)/(3*%pi) //m
+y3=2 //m
+xbar=(A1*x1+A2*x2+A3*x3)/(A) //m
+ybar=(A1*ya+A2*y2+A3*y3)/(A) //m
+printf("\nxbar=%.3f m\nybar=%.3f m",xbar,ybar)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b987a37fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.5.sce', -1)
+
+xbar=2.995 m
+ybar=1.890 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d097410de --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//Centroid of the gusset plate
+//refer fig. 9.15
+//The composite area is divided into algebraic sum and differences of simple geometries
+//for rectangle
+A1=160*280 //mm^2
+x1=140 //mm
+y1=80 //mm
+//for triangle
+A2=280*40/2 //mm^2
+x2=2*280/3 //mm
+y2=160+40/3 //mm
+//1st hole
+A3=(-%pi*21.5^2)/(4) //mm^2
+x3=70 //mm
+y3=50 //mm
+//second hole
+A4=-363.05 //mm^2
+x4=140 //mm
+y4=50 //mm
+//third hole
+A5=-363.05 //mm^2
+x5=210 //mm
+y5=50 //mm
+//fourth hole
+A6=-363.05 //mm^2
+x6=70 //mm
+y6=120 //mm
+//fifth hole
+A7=-363.05 //mm^2
+x7=140 //mm
+y7=130 //mm
+//sixth hole
+A8=-363.05 //mm^2
+x8=210 //mm
+y8=140 //mm
+A=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8 //mm^2
+sumAixi=A1*x1+A2*x2+A3*x3+A4*x4+A5*x5+A6*x6+A7*x7+A8*x8 //mm^3
+xbar=sumAixi/A //mm
+sumAiyi=A1*y1+A2*y2+A3*y3+A4*y4+A5*y5+A6*y6+A7*y7+A8*y8
+ybar=sumAiyi/A //mm
+printf("\xbar=%.3f mm \nybar=%.3f mm",xbar,ybar)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9fad73cab --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.6.sce', -1)
+xbar=145.419 mm
+ybar=90.387 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47a4f987a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//Determine co-ordinates
+//total area
+A=200*150-(100*75/2)-((%pi*100^2)/(4)) //mm^2
+xc=2375000/26250 //mm
+yc=1781250/26250 //mm
+printf("\xc=%.3f mm\nyc=%.3f mm",xc,yc)
+
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4bac107a --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.7.sce', -1)
+xc=90.476 mm
+yc=67.857 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8406efd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Locate centroid
+//refer fig.9.17
+x=40 //mm
+A1=168*x^2
+A2=12*x^2
+A3=-16*x^2
+A4=-8*%pi*x^2
+A5=-4*%pi*x^2
+x1=7*x
+x2=16*x
+x3=2*x
+x4=6*x
+x5=12.3023*x
+y1=6*x
+y2=4*x/3
+y3=10*x
+y4=(16*x/(3*%pi))
+y5=10.3023*x
+A=126.3009*x^2
+sumAixi=1030.6083*x^3
+sumAiyi=691.8708*x^3
+xbar=1030.6083*x/126.3009 //mm
+ybar=691.8708*x/126.3009 //mm
+printf("centroid is at (%.2f, %.2f)",xbar,ybar)
+
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b795417e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.8.sce', -1)
+centroid is at (326.40, 219.12)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sce b/3886/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b50f36305 --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Determine moment of inertia
+//refer fig.9.34
+//composite section can be divided into simple ones
+A1=150*10 //mm^2
+A2=140*10 //mm^2
+A=A1+A2 //mm^2
+//due to symmetry centroid lies on y-axis
+ybar=(1500*5+1400*(10+70))/(2900) //mm
+Ixx=((150/12)*10^3)+(1500*36.21^2)+((10/12)*140^3)+(1400*38.79^2) //mm^4
+Iyy=((10*150^3)/(12))+((140*10^3)/(12)) //mm^4
+kxx=sqrt(Ixx/A) //mm
+kyy=sqrt(Iyy/A) //mm
+printf("\nIxx=%.2f mm^4\nIyy=%.2f mm^4\nkxx=%.2f mm\nkyy=%.2f mm",Ixx,Iyy,kxx,kyy)
diff --git a/3886/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt b/3886/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fbb8c2e0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3886/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+--> exec('E:\My program EM\9. Centroid and moment of inertia\9.9.sce', -1)
+
+Ixx=6372442.56 mm^4
+Iyy=2824166.67 mm^4
+kxx=46.88 mm
+kyy=31.21 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d71283dc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09f5e3818 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.10
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.05; //Radius of the conductor in m
+bc=5; //Distance between b & c in m
+bb1=3*bc; //Distance between b & b1 in m
+aa1=2*bc; //Distance between a & a1 in in m
+ab=(((bb1-aa1)/2)^(2)+bc^(2))^(1/2);
+ab1=((aa1+((bb1-aa1)/2))^(2)+bc^(2))^(1/2);
+ac1=((bc*2-((bb1-aa1)/2))^(2)+bc^(2))^(1/2);
+Dab=nthroot(ab*ab1*ab1*ab,4);
+Dbc=nthroot(bc*aa1*aa1*bc,4);
+Dca=nthroot(ab*ac1*ab*ac1,4);
+Deq=nthroot(Dab*Dbc*Dca,3);
+Dsa=sqrt(aa1*0.7788*r);
+Dsb=sqrt(bb1*0.7788*r);
+Dsc=sqrt(bc*0.7788*r);
+Ds=nthroot(Dsa*Dsb*Dsc,3);
+L=(2*10^(-7)*log(Deq/Ds))*10^(6); //Inductance of double circuit in mH/km/phase
+Dsa1=sqrt(aa1*r); //GMR for capacitance
+Dsb1=sqrt(bb1*r); //GMR for capacitance
+Dsc1=sqrt(bc*r); //GMR for capacitance
+Ds1=nthroot(Dsa1*Dsb1*Dsc1,3); //Equivalent GMR for capacitance
+C=(2*%pi*(10^(-9)/(36*%pi)))/log(Deq/Ds1); //Capacitance of double circuit in nF/km/phase
+
+
+printf("\nInductance of the line is %.3f mH/km/phase",L);
+printf("\nCapacitance of the line is %.2f nF/km/phase",C/10^(-12));
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Ds1 value
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ba34b3c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff9e179e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+d=3; //Distance of two Wires in m
+r=0.02; //Radius of conductor in m
+L1=(2*10^(-7))*(log(d/(0.7788*r))); //Inductance of each conductor in H/m
+LI=2*L1/(10^(-6)); //Loop inductance of the line in mH/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe loop inductance of the line is %.3f mH/km",LI);
+printf("\nThe inductance of the each conductor is % .3e H/m",L1);
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..795c82c92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a277e200b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.03; //Conductor Radius in m
+d=0.35; //Spacing between Phase Conductors in m
+D=4; //Distance between Phases in m
+LA=((1*10^(-7))*((log((D*(D+d)*2*D*(2*D+d)*D*(D-d)*2*D*(2*D-d))^(1/2)/(0.7788*r*d)^2))+(%i*0.866)*log((D*(D+d)*D*(D-d))/(2*D*(2*D+d)*2*D*(2*D-d)))))*10^(6); //Phase A Inductance in mH/km
+LB=(1*10^(-7))*((log(((D*(D-d)*D*(D+d)*D*(D+d)*D*(D-d))^(1/2))/(0.7788*r*d)^2))+(%i*0.866)*log((D*(D+d)*D*(D-d))/(D*(D-d)*D*(D+d))))*10^(6); //Phase B Inductance in mH/km
+LC=LA; //Phase C Inductance in mH/km
+L_avg=(LA+LB+LC)/3; //Average Inductance in mH/km
+
+
+printf("\nInductance of phase A is %.3f%.3fi mH/km",real(LA),imag(LA));
+printf("\nInductance of phase B is %.3f mH/km",LB);
+printf("\nInductance of phase C is %.3f%.3fi mH/km",real(LC),imag(LC));
+printf("\nAverage inductance of the line is %.3f mH/km",L_avg);
+
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of LA and LB value
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..22678879e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..213c414ab --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.025; //Conductor radius in m
+Dac1=4; //Distance between two conductors a & c1 in m
+Dac=6; //Distance between two conductors a & c in m
+Dbb1=10; //Distance between two conductors b & b1 in m
+Dab=(((Dbb1-Dac1)/2)^2+(Dac/2)^2)^(1/2); //Distance between two conductors a & b in m
+Daa1=(((Dac1)^2)+((Dac)^2))^(1/2); //Distance between two conductors a & a1 in m
+Dbc1=(((Dbb1-Dac1)/2)^2+((Dac1)+((Dbb1-Dac1)/2))^2)^(1/2); //Distance between two conductors b & c1 in m
+GMD1=nthroot((Dab*Dac*Dbc1*Dac1),4); //Mutual GMD of phase a position 1 in m
+GMR1=(0.7788*r*Daa1)^(1/2); //Self GMR of phase a position 1 in m
+GMD2=nthroot((Dab*Dab*Dbc1*Dbc1),4); //Mutual GMD of phase a position 2 in m
+GMR2=(0.7788*r*Dbb1)^(1/2); //Self GMR of phase a position 2 in m
+GMD3=GMD1; //Mutual GMD of phase a position 3 in m
+GMR3=GMR1; //Self GMR of phase a position 3 in m
+Dm=nthroot((GMD1*GMD2*GMD3),3); //Equivalent mutual GMD in m
+Ds=nthroot((GMR1*GMR2*GMR3),3); //Equivalent self GMR in m
+LA=(2/10)*(log(Dm/Ds)); //Inductance of phase a in mH/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe inductance per kilometre of a double circuit is %.3f mH/km",LA);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b2dcb02a --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..092dabe76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.7
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+h=8; //Height of conductor in m
+r=0.01; //Radius of conductor in m
+D=4; //Distance of conductor in m
+L=10; //Length of the line in km
+V=33; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+Cab=(%pi*(10^(-9))/(36*%pi))/(log(D/r)*(1/(sqrt(1+(D^(2)/(2*h)^(2)))))); //Capacitance between conductors a and b in pF/m
+Can=Cab*2; //Capacitance between phase and neutral plane in pF/m
+Cab1=(%pi*(10^(-9))/(36*%pi))/log(D/r); //Capacitance between conductors when effect of earth is ignored in pF/m
+Ic=2*%pi*f*Cab*L*V*10^3*10^3; //Charging Current of the line in A
+
+
+printf("\nCapacitance between conductors is %.2f pF/m",Cab/(10^-12));
+printf("\nCapacitance between phase and neutral plane is %.2f pF/m",Can/(10^-12));
+printf("\nCapacitance ehen effect of ground is neglected is %.2f pF/m",Cab1/(10^-12));
+printf("\nCharging current is %.3f A",Ic);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1da2f9fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62bbcdbf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.8
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+d=0.25; //Diameter of conductor in m
+r=0.0125; //Radius of conductor in m
+Dab=5; //Distance between conductors a & b in m
+Dbc=4; //Distance between conductors b & c in m
+Dac=6; //Distance between conductors a & c in m
+Deq=nthroot((Dab*Dbc*Dac),3); //Diameter equivalent of line in m
+Can=(2*%pi*10^(-9)/(36*%pi))/log(Deq/r); //Capacitance between phase a & neutral in pF/m
+
+
+printf("\nThe capacitance of the transmissin line is %.2f pF/m",Can/(10^-12));
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..53a36d3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2209b5d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.9
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+f=50; //Frequency of the condutor in Hz
+D1=31.8; //Diameter of ACSR Moose conductor in mm(Unbundled conductor)
+d1=10; //Hoizontal spacing between adjacent conductors in m
+D2=19.6; //Diameter of ASCR Lynx conductor in mm(Bundled conductor)
+d2=10; //Spacing measured by centre of the bundle in m
+Db=0.4; //Spacing between the bundled conductors in m
+r1=D1*10^-3/2; //Radius of unbundled conductor in m
+Dm=nthroot((d1*d2*(d1+d2),3)); //Mutual GMD of unbundled conductorin m
+Dls1=0.7788*r1; //GMR For Inductance of unbundled conductor in m
+Dcs1=r1; //GMR For Capacitance of unbundled conductor in m
+XL1=2*%pi*f*2*10^(-4)*log(Dm/Dls1); //Inductive Reactance of unbundled conductor in ohm/km/phase
+XC1=(log(Dm/Dcs1))/(((2*%pi)^2)*f*8.85*10^(-12)); //Capacitive Reactance of unbundled conductor in ohm-km/phase
+r2=D2*10^-3/2; //Radius of bundled conductor in m
+Dls2=nthroot((0.7788*r2*Db^2),3); //Self GMR for Inductance of bundled conductor in m
+Dcs2=nthroot((r2*Db^2),3); //Self GMR for Capacitance of bundled conductor in m
+XL2=2*%pi*f*2*10^(-4)*log(Dm/Dls2); //Inductive Reactance of bundled conductor in ohm/km/phase
+XC2=(log(Dm/Dcs2))/(((2*%pi)^2)*f*8.85*10^(-12)); //Capacitive Reactance of bundled conductor in ohm-km/phase
+
+
+printf("\nThe value inductive reactance and capacitive reactance of unbundled conductor is %.3f ohm/km/ph and %.3e ohmkm/ph ",XL1,XC1/10^(3));
+printf("\nThe value inductive reactance and capacitive reactance of bundled conductor is %.4f ohm/km/ph and %.4e ohmkm/ph ",XL2,XC2/10^(3));
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f9f8747c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5077e5797 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.5; //Resistance of the line in Ohm/km
+l=5; //Length of the line in km
+L=1.76; //Inductance of the line in mH/km
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+sen_vtg=33; //Sending end voltage in kV
+rec_vtg=32; //Receiving end voltage in kV
+Vs=sen_vtg/(3)^(1/2); //Sending end phase voltage in kV
+Vr=rec_vtg/(3)^(1/2); //Receiving end phase voltage in kV
+R=r*l; //Total resistance of line in Ohm
+X=2*(%pi)*f*L*l*10^(-3); //Total Inductance of line in Ohm
+pf1=0.8; //Power factor
+A=X^(2)+R^(2); //Coeffcient of Ir^(2) simlified in quadratic eqn
+B=2*Vr*(R*pf1+X*sin(acos(pf1))); //Coeffcient of Ir simlified in quadratic eqn
+C=Vr^(2)-Vs^(2); //Constant simlified in quadratic eqn
+Ir=(-B+sqrt(B^(2)-4*A*C))/(2*A); //Receiving end current in A
+reg=((Vs-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Efficiency of the line
+P=3*Vr*Ir*pf1; //Output power in MW
+Loss=3*Ir^(2)*R; //Line loss in MW
+eff=(P/(P+Loss))*100; //Efficiency of the line
+
+
+printf("\nLine current of the transmission line is %.3f kA",Ir);
+printf("\nRegulation of the transmission line is %.3f percentage ",reg);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the transmission line is %.2f percentage",eff);
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a6a46c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15433efaa --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+P=50; //Power of the line in MW
+l=100; //Length of the line in km
+pf=0.8; //Power factor
+V=132; //Voltage of the line in kV
+R=0.1; //Resistance of the conductor in Ohm/km
+X=0.3; //Reactance of the conductor in Ohm/km
+y=3*10^(-6); //Admittance of the conductor in mho/km
+Vr=V/(3)^(1/2); //Receiving end voltage in kV
+Z=(R+%i*X)*100; //Series impedance in Ohm
+Y=(0.0+%i*y)*100; //Shunt admittance on mho
+Ir=P*10^(3)/(3*Vr*pf); //Receiving end current in A
+Vc=Vr*(pf+%i*0.6)+(Ir*Z/2)*10^(-3); //Capacitance voltage in kV
+Ic=Y*Vc*10^(3); //Shunt branch current in A
+Is=Ic+Ir; //Sending end current in A
+Vs=Vc+(Is*Z/2)*10^(-3); //Sending end voltage in kV
+Vsl=abs(Vs)*3^(1/2); //Line to line sending end voltage in kV
+pf1=cos(atan(imag(Vs),real(Vs))-atan(imag(Is),real(Is))); //Sending end power factor
+Vr1=abs(Vs)/(1+(Z*Y/2)); //Receiving end voltage at no_load in kV
+reg=((abs(Vr1)-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+eff=P*10^(6)/(P*10^(6)+3*((abs(Is)^(2)*R*l)/2+(Ir^(2)*R*l)/2))*100; //Efficiency of the line
+Ic1=(Y/2)*Vr*10^(3); //Capacitance 1 current in A
+Il=Ir*(0.8-%i*0.6)+Ic1; //Line current in A
+Vs1=Vr+Il*Z*10^(-3); //Sending end voltage in kV
+Vsl1=abs(Vs1)*3^(1/2); //Line to line sending end voltage in kV
+Ic2=((Y/2)*Vs1*10^(3)); //Capacitance 2 current in A
+Is1=Il+Ic2; //Sending end current in A
+pf2=cos(atan(imag(Vs1),real(Vs1))-atan(imag(Is1),real(Is1))); //Power factor
+V=abs(Vs1)/(1+(Z*Y/2)); //Receiving end voltage at no_load in kV
+reg1=((abs(V)-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+eff1=(P*10^(6)/(P*10^(6)+3*(abs(Il)^(2)*R*l)))*100; //Efficiency of the line
+
+
+printf("\nnominal-T method");
+printf("\nSending end voltage of the line %.2f kV",Vsl);
+printf("\nSending end powerfactor of the line %.3f",pf1);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the line %.2f percentage",eff);
+printf("\nRegulation of the line %.2f percentage",reg);
+printf("\nnominal-pi method");
+printf("\nSending end voltage of the line %.2f kV",Vsl1);
+printf("\nSending end powerfactor of the line %.3f",pf2);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the line %.2f percentage",eff1);
+printf("\nRegulation of the line %.2f percentage",reg1);
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Ic2 value
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..395f07d96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8c9538ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+l=450; //Length of the line in km
+V=400; //Supply voltage in kV
+R=0.033; //Resistance of the line in Ohm/km
+L=1.067; //Inductance of the line in mH/km
+C=0.0109; //Capacitance of the line in microFarad/km
+P=420; //Power in MW
+pf=0.95; //Power factor
+Z=R+%i*(2*%pi*f*L*10^(-3)); //Impedance of the line in Ohm/km
+Y=%i*(2*%pi*f*C); //Admittance of the line in mho/km
+Zc=((Z/Y)^(1/2))*10^(3); //Characteristic impedance of the line in Ohm/km
+pro_const=(Z*Y)^(1/2); //Propagation constant of the line
+angle=pro_const*l*10^(-3);
+s=sinh(angle); //Sinusoidal angle
+c=cosh(angle); //Cosine angle
+Ir=P*10^(6)/((3)^(1/2)*V*10^(3)*pf); //Magnitude of receiving end current in A
+Ir1=(Ir*(cosd(-acosd(pf))+%i*sind(-acosd(pf))))*10^(-3); //Receiving end current including power factor angle
+Vr=V/(3)^(1/2); //Receiving end phase voltage in kV
+Vs=Vr*c+(Zc*Ir1*s); //Sending end voltage in kV
+llv=abs(Vs)*sqrt(3); //Line to line voltage in kV
+Is=((Vr*10^(3)/Zc)*s)+(Ir1*c); //Sending end current in A
+pfs=cosd(atan(imag(Vs),real(Vs))-atan(imag(Is),real(Is))); //Sending end power factor
+delta=atand(imag(Vs),real(Vs)); //Load angle in degree
+A=cosh(angle); //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in degree
+B=Zc*sinh(angle); //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in Ohm
+C=sinh(angle)/Zc; //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in mho
+D=A; //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in degree
+reg=(((abs(Vs)/abs(A))-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+inp_pow=(3*abs(Vs)*abs(Is)*pfs)*10^(-3); //Input power in MW
+eff=(P/inp_pow)*100; //Efficiency of the line
+
+printf("\nVoltage at sending end of the line is %.2f kV",Vs);
+printf("\nCurrent at sending end of the line is %.2f A",abs(Is));
+printf("\nSending end powerfactor and Load angle of the line is %.4f and %.2f",pfs,delta);
+printf("\nABCD parameters of the line is %.3f and %.2f ohm and %.3e mho and %.3f ",A,abs(B),abs(C),D);
+printf("\nRegulation of the line is %.1f percentage",reg);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the line is %.2f percentage",eff);
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong substitution in Vs
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..11766a1c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0fb4e1d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=400; //Supply voltage in kV
+Load=750; //Load in MVA
+A=0.85; //Loss less three phase line constant
+B=%i*150; //Loss less three phase line constant
+C=%i*0.001; //Loss less three phase line constant
+D=A; //Loss less three phase line constan
+Vr=V/3^(1/2); //Receiving end voltage in kV
+Ir=Load*10^(3)/(3^(1/2)*V); //Receiving end current in A
+Vs=(A*Vr*10^(3)+B*Ir*(0.8-%i*0.6))*10^(-3); //Sending end voltage in kV
+Is=C*Vr*10^(3)+A*Ir*(0.8-%i*0.6); //Sending end current in A
+vtg_reg=(((abs(Vs)/abs(A))-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+ABCD=[1 -50*%i;0 1]*[0.85 50*%i;0.001*%i 0.85]*[1 -50*%i;0 1]; //Matrix of compensated line
+Vs1=ABCD(1,1)*Vr+ABCD(1,2)*(abs(Ir)/1000)*(0.8-%i*0.6); //Sending end voltage of compensated line in kV
+Is1=ABCD(2,1)*Vr*10^(3)+ABCD(2,2)*abs(Ir)*(0.8-%i*0.6); //Sending end current of compensated line in A
+vtg_reg2=(((abs(Vs1)/ABCD(1,1))-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the of compensated line
+
+
+printf("\nPhase voltage is % f kV",Vr);
+disp(ABCD,'Series compensation parameters is ');
+printf("\nRegulation of the uncompensated line is %.1f",vtg_reg);
+printf("\nRegulation of the compensated line is %.2f",vtg_reg2);
+ //variation present in result due to Wrong substitution of matrix ABCD
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9be148ccb --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba2e3d6e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Vs=420; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=60; //Supply frequency in Hz
+l=463; //Length of the line in km
+Vr=700; //Receiving end voltage in kV
+sen_end_crt=646.6; //Sending end current in A
+pha_con_len=acos(Vs/Vr); //Phase constant length in rad
+pha_const=pha_con_len/l; //Phase constant in rad/km
+Z=Vr*10^(3)*sin(pha_con_len)/(3^(1/2)*sen_end_crt); //Surge impedance in Ohm
+X=(sin(pha_con_len)/(1-cos(pha_con_len)))*Z; //Reactance of the line in Ohm
+shu_rat=Vs^(2)/X; //Shunt reactor rating in MVAr
+
+
+printf("\nThe phase constant and Surge impedance of the line is %.3f rad/km and %.f Ohm",pha_const,Z);
+printf("\nThe reactance per phase and the required shunt reactor rating of the line is %.f Ohm and %.1f MVAr",X,shu_rat);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.JPG b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b10957073 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51eac99cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 12.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=33; //Operating voltage of line in kV
+m=10; //Mutual capacitance of unit
+n=4; //No of string units
+V_tot=V/3^(1/2); //Total voltage across the string in kV
+V1=V_tot/(1+1.1+1.31+1.651); //Voltage across the topmost unit in kV
+V2=V1*(1+(1/m)); //Voltage across the second unit from the top in kV
+V3=V1*(1+(3/m)+(1/m^(2))); //Voltage across the third unit from the top in kV
+V4=V3*(1+(1/m))+(V2/m)+(V1/m); //Voltage across the fourth unit from the top in kV
+str_eff=V_tot/(n*V4); //String efficiency in percentage
+
+
+printf("\nThe string efficiency is %.2f percentage",str_eff*100);
diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.JPG b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a505fc7e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7bb1b4253 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 12.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V4=12; //Rated voltage of each unit in kV
+m=10; //Mutual capacitance of unit
+n=4; //No of string units
+V1=V4/1.651; //Voltage across the topmost unit in kV
+V2=1.1*V1; //Voltage across the second unit from the top in kV
+V3=1.31*V1; //Voltage across the third unit from the top in kV
+V_tot=V1+V2+V3+V4; //Total voltage Voltage across the string in kV
+mlv=3^(1/2)*V_tot; //Maximum line voltage in kV
+str_eff=(V_tot/(n*V4))*100; //String efficiency in percentage
+
+
+printf("\nSafe operating maximum line voltage is %.2f kV",mlv);
+printf("\nThe string efficiency is %.2f percentage",str_eff);
diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.JPG b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee5567507 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..965014ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 13.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+L=160; //Span length in m
+w=4; //Weight of the conductor in N/m
+Ts=8000; //Tensile strength in N
+T=Ts/w; //Working stress in N
+d=w*L^(2)/(8*T); //Sag of the line in m
+l=L+(w^(2)*L^(3)/(24*T^(2))); //Total length of conductor in spans in m
+
+
+printf("\nSag of the line between span is %.1f m",d);
+printf("\nTotal length of the line between span is %.2f m",l);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.JPG b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2576b647f --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f73866fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 13.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+w=0.35; //Weight of the conductor in kg/m
+Ts=800; //Tensile strength in kg
+Sf=2; //Safety factor
+L=160; //Span length in m
+h=70; //Height of support from the ground in m
+T=Ts/Sf; //Working stress in kg
+h1=h-40;; //Difference between supports in m
+x1=(L/2)-(T*h1/(w*L)); //Distance of minimum point from the lower support in m
+h2=h-65; //Difference between supports in m
+x2=(L/2)-(T*h2/(w*L)); //Distance of minimum point from the lower support in m
+d1=w*x2^(2)/(2*T); //Sag from lower support in m
+mgc=65-d1; //Minimum ground clearance in m
+
+
+printf("\nThe minimum clearance from the ground %.2f m",mgc);
+printf("\nThe distance of minimum point from the lower support at 40m is %.2f m",x1);
+printf("\nThe distance of minimum point from the lower support at 65m is %.2f m",x2);
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..72a1804a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..162fca35b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 13.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+A=120; //Normal copper area in mm^2
+con_size=(30+7)/6.30; //Conductor size in mm
+w=0.4; //Conductor weight in kg/m
+Ts=1250; //Tensile strength in kg
+Sf=5; //Safety factor
+L=200; //Span length in m
+t=0.5; //Thickness of ice in cm
+p=10; //Wind pressure in kg/m^2
+D=(2*4-1)*6.30*10^(-1); //Total diameter of conductor in cm
+T=Ts/Sf; //Working stress in kg
+d=w*L^(2)/(8*T); //Sag in still air in m
+wi=%pi*((D+t)*10^(-2)*t*10^(-2))*915; //Weight of ice in kg/m
+W=w+wi; //Total weight of ice in kg/m
+d1=W*L^(2)/(8*T); //Sag in m
+Ww=(D+2*t)*10^(-2)*p; //Wind loading in kg/m
+We=sqrt(Ww^(2)+(w+wi)^(2)) //Effective loading in kg/m
+d2=We*L^(2)/(8*T); //Total Sag in m
+angle=atand(Ww/(w+wi)); //Sag angle in degree
+
+printf("\nSag in still air %.f m",d);
+printf("\nSag,if the conductor is covered with ice of 0.5-cm thickness is % .2f m",d1);
+printf("\nSag,if the conductor is covered with ice of 0.5-cm thickness and a wind pressure of 10 kg/m^(2) is acting on the projected area is %.2f m",d2);
+printf("\nSag angle is %.2f degree",angle);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.JPG b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc502e627 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ba96a1f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 14.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+
+d=600; //Distance between three conductors in cm
+b=72; //Pressure in Hg
+r=1; //Radius of the conductor in cm
+t=27; //Air temperature in Celcius
+m=0.90; //Irregularity factor
+mv=0.82; //Surface factor
+adf=3.92*b/(273+t); //Air density factor
+Vc=r*21.1*m*0.9408*log(d/r); //Phase to neutral critical disruptive voltage in kV
+cdv=Vc*sqrt(3); //Line to line critical disruptive voltage in kV
+Vv=21.1*mv*r*0.9408*(1+(0.3/sqrt(r*0.9408)))*log(d/r); //Critical visual disruptive voltage
+cvdv=Vv*sqrt(3); //Line to line critical visual disruptive voltage in kV
+
+
+printf("\nThe critical disruptive voltage is %.2f kV",cdv);
+printf("\nThe visual critical disruptive voltage is %.2f kV",cvdv);
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.JPG b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4aed844b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..465af125e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 14.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=220; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+r=1; //Radius of the conductor in cm
+d=400; //Distance between the conductor in cm
+m=0.96; //Smooth surface value of conductor
+b=73; //Barometric pressure in cm of Hg
+t=20; //Temperature in celcius
+adf=3.92*b/(273+t); //Air density factor
+Vc=r*21.1*m*0.9767*log(d/r); //Phase to neutral critical disruptive voltage in kV
+Vp=V/sqrt(3); //Line phase voltage in kV
+Pc=241*10^(-5)*(f+25)/0.9767*sqrt(r/d)*(Vp-Vc)^(2); //Peek's formula for corona loss in a fair weather in kW/phase/km
+Pc1=241*10^(-5)*(f+25)/0.9767*sqrt(r/d)*(Vp-0.8*Vc)^(2); //Peek's formula for corona loss in a rainy weather in kW/phase/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe fair weather corona loss is %.2f kW/phase/km",Pc);
+printf("\nThe rainy weather corona loss is %.2f kW/phase/km",Pc1);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.JPG b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4065694f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b11406f6a --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 14.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+I=150; //Power line current in Amps
+dac=1.8; //Spacing between conductors a and d in m
+dab=2.5; //Spacing between conductors a and b in m
+dcd=1; //Spacing between conductors c and d in m
+Dad=sqrt((dac)^(2)+((dab/2)+(dcd/2))^(2)); //Distance between conductors a and d in m
+Dac=sqrt((dac)^(2)+((dab/2)-(dcd/2))^(2)); //Distance between conductors a and c in m
+M=4*10^(-4)*log(Dad/Dac); //Mutual inductance in H/km/ph
+X=2*%pi*f*M; //Inductive reactance in per km
+emf=I*X; //Emf induced in telephone line in V/km
+
+printf("\nThe mutual inductance between the powerline and the telephone line %.1e H/km/ph",M);
+printf("\nThe 50 Hz voltage per kilometre induced in the telephone line when the power line carries 150 A is %.2f V/km",emf);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..135091d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1987a61ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+D=2; //Conductor diameter in cm
+l=40; //Length of lay in cm
+n=1; //Strand of layer one
+l1=sqrt(l^(2)+(%pi*(2*n+1)*D)^(2)); //Length is a strand of layer one in cm
+Tl1=l+6*l1; //Total length of strands in cm
+Tl2=7*l; //Total length of strands,Not spiraled in cm
+W=((Tl1-Tl2)/Tl2)*100; //Weight increased in percentage
+R1=1/l+(6/l1);
+R2=7/l;
+R=(R2/R1)*100; //Change in resistance in percentage
+R1=R-100; //Increased resistance in percentage
+
+
+printf("\nThe increase in weight due to spiraling of the conductor is %.2f percentage",W);
+printf("\nThe increase in resistance due to spiraling of the conductor is %.1f percentage",R1);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..06497cca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6e97c172 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=1.5; //Conductor radius in cm
+R=3; //Lead sheath radius in cm
+V=33; //Operating voltage in kV
+E_max=V/(r*log(R/r)); //Maximum value of electric stress in kV/cm
+E_min=V/(R*log(R/r)); //Minimum value of electric stress in kV/cm
+r1=R/2.718; //Optimum value of conductor radius in cm
+E_max1=V/(r1*log(R/r1)); //Smallest value of Maximum stress in kV/cm
+
+printf("\nMaximum and Minimum values of electrical stress is %.2f kV/cm and %.2f kV/cm",E_max,E_min);
+printf("\nOptimal value of conductor radius is %.3f cm and the smallest value of the maximum stress is %.2f kV/cm",r1,E_max1);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c488b5ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be27a465c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=11; //Supply voltage in kV
+die_strength=50; //Dielectric strength of conductor in kV/cm
+Sf=2; //Safety factor
+e=2.718; //Constant value
+E_max=die_strength/Sf; //Maximum stress in kV/cm
+R=11*e/25; //Outer insulation radius in cm
+r=R/e; //Radius of the conductor in cm
+D=2*r; //Diameter of the conductor in cm
+
+printf("\nThe radius and diameter of a single conductor cable is %.2f cm and %.2f cm",r,D);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a949882d --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8fd169c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=110; //Line voltage in kV
+r=1; //Conductor radius in cm
+p1=5; //Permittivitie of the material A
+p2=4; //Permittivitie of the material B
+p3=2; //Permittivitie of the material C
+G1=50; //Permissible stress of the material A in kV/cm
+G2=40; //Permissible stress of the material B in kV/cm
+G3=30; //Permissible stress of the material C in kV/cm
+r1=p1*r*G1/(p2*G2); //Outer radius of the material A in cm
+r2=p2*r1*G2/(p3*G3); //Outer radius of the material B in cm
+R=exp(1.638); //Outer radius of the material C in cm(solving the eqn 15.24 in the book )
+
+printf("\nThe minimum internal sheath radius of the cable is %.2f cm",R)
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9b52d0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79aae40ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=11; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+C=0.5; //Capacitance between two conductors in microFarad/km
+Cx=0.75; //Capacitance between sheath and three conductors in microFarad/km
+Cy=0.50; //Capacitance between sheath and remaining conductor in microFarad/km
+C1=Cx/3; //Capacitance between conductor and sheath in microFarad/km
+C2=(Cy-C1)/2; //Capacitance between phases in microFarad/km
+C0=C1+3*C2; //Effective capacitance in microFarad/km
+C3=C0/2; //Capacitance between two conductors connecting a third conductor to the sheath in microFarad/km
+I=(V*10^(3)/sqrt(3))*2*%pi*f*C0*10^(-6); //Charging current in A/ph/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe capacitance between phases is %.3f microFarad/km",C2);
+printf("\nThe capacitance between conductor and sheath is %.2f microFarad/km",C1);
+printf("\nThe effective per phase capacitance is %.3f microFarad/km",C0);
+printf("\nThe capacitance between two conductors connecting a third conductor to the sheath is %.4f microFarad/km",C3);
+printf("\nThe charging current per phase per km is %.2f A",I);
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.JPG b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..88cfe1a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7666d1725 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 16.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=238; //Transformer primary voltage in kV
+Em=110; //Transformer secondary voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+u=20; //Commutation angle in degree
+alpha1=30; //Delay angle 1 in degree
+alpha2=90; //Delay angle 2 in degree
+alpha3=150; //Delay angle 3 in degree
+Vdo=3*sqrt(3*2)*Em/(%pi*sqrt(3)); //Direct output voltage in kV
+Vd1=Vdo/2*(cosd(alpha1)+cosd(alpha1+u)); //Direct output voltage when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 30 degree in kV
+Vd2=Vdo/2*(cosd(alpha2)+cosd(alpha2+u)); //Direct output voltage when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 90 degree in kV
+Vd3=Vdo/2*(cosd(alpha3)+cosd(alpha3+u)); //Direct output voltage when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 150 degree in kV
+
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output is %.2f kV",Vdo);
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 30 degree is %.2f kV",Vd1);
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 90 degree is %.2f kV",Vd2);
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 150 degree is %.2f kV",Vd3);
diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.JPG b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6257c390 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af204cfe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 16.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Em=400; //Ac supply voltage in kV
+Vd=500; //Dc supply voltage in kV
+Id=1; //Dc current in A
+alpha=20; //Firing angle in degree
+Vdo=3*sqrt(3*2)*Em/(%pi*sqrt(3)); //Direct output voltage in kV
+Rc=-(Vd-(Vdo*cosd(alpha))/Id); //Effective Commutation resistance in Ohm
+
+
+printf("\nThe effective commutation resistance is %.2f Ohm",Rc);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.JPG b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..313454df4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..008d5c64c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 16.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=500; //Dc supply voltage in kV
+ang1=20; //Advance angle in degree
+ang2=10; //Extinction angle in degree
+Vdi=1/2*(cosd(20)+cosd(10)); //Dc voltage in kV
+Em=(V*%pi)/(Vdi*3*sqrt(3)); //Ac output voltage in kV
+
+
+printf("\nThe ac voltage output of the inverter is %.2f kV",Em);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce b/3888/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cad027f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 17.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=110; //Supply voltage in kV
+P1=30; //Load for 5 hours in MW
+P2=15; //Load for 10 hours in MW
+P3=8; //Load for 9 hours in MW
+pf1=0.8; //Lagging power factor of 30 MW load
+pf2=0.9; //Lagging power factor of 15 MW load
+pf3=1; //Unity power factor of 8 MW load
+I1=P1*10^(6)/(sqrt(3)*V*10^(3)*pf1); //Current of 30 MW load in Amps
+I2=P2*10^(6)/(sqrt(3)*V*10^(3)*pf2); //Current of 15 MW load in Amps
+I3=P3*10^(6)/(sqrt(3)*V*10^(3)*pf3); //Current of 8 MW load in Amps
+
+//The remaining of the problem cannot be solved using SCILAB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.JPG b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0163c16f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..90245f151 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 17.7
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Vs=220; //Supply voltage in Volt
+r=1; //Resistance in Ohm/km
+D_aC=5; //Voltage drop in section aC in Volt
+D_C1E1=1; //Voltage drop in section C1E1 in Volt
+D_PE1=0.5; //Voltage drop in section pE1 in Volt
+D_CB=3; //Voltage drop in section CB in Volt
+D_B1D1=1; //Voltage drop in section B1D1 in Volt
+D_D1C1=0; //Voltage drop in section D1C1 in Volt
+D_Eb=3; //Voltage drop in section Eb in Volt
+D_BA=1.5; //Voltage drop in section BA in Volt
+D_A1D=2; //Voltage drop in section A1D in Volt
+D_DE=3; //Voltage drop in section DE in Volt
+CC1=Vs-D_aC-D_C1E1+D_PE1; //Voltage across section CC1 in Volt
+BB1=CC1-D_CB-D_B1D1-D_D1C1; //Voltage across section BB1 in Volt
+E1E=Vs-D_PE1-D_Eb; //Voltage across section E1E in Volt
+D1D=E1E+D_C1E1+D_D1C1-D_DE; //Voltage across section D1D in Volt
+AA1=2*Vs-D_aC-D_CB-D_BA-D_A1D-D_DE-D_Eb; //Voltage across section AA1 in Volt
+
+printf("\nThe voltage across load points are %.1f volt and %.1f volt and %.1f volt and %.1f volt and %.1f volt",CC1,BB1,E1E,D1D,AA1);
diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.JPG b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9235d79ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c580787d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 17.9
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=220; //Supply voltage in Volt
+R=0.06; //Resistance in Ohm
+X=0.1; //Reactance in Ohm/km
+L=1; //Length of section AB and BC in km
+IB=100*(0.8+%i*0.6); //Current at point B in Amps
+IC=100*(1+%i*0); //Current at point C in Amps
+ZBC=(R+%i*X); //Impedance of section BC in Ohm
+ZAB=(R+%i*X); //Impedance of section AB in Ohm
+BC=IC*ZBC; //Drop in section BC in Volt
+VB=V+BC; //Potential at point B in Volt
+I_AB=IB+IC; //Current in section AB in Amps
+V_AB=(IB+IC)*ZAB; //Voltage drop in section AB Volt
+VA=VB+V_AB; //Voltage at point A in Volt
+VB1=V+BC; //Potential at point B in Volt
+pfa=acosd(0.8); //Power factor angle of the load at point B
+ref_ang=-pfa-atand(imag(VB1),real(VB1)); //Leading Power factor angle with reference to Vc
+IB1=100*(cosd(ref_ang)+%i*sind(ref_ang)); //Current at point B in Amps
+I_AB1=IB+IC; //Current in section AB in Amps
+V_AB1=(IB+IC)*ZAB; //Voltage drop in section AB Volt
+VA1=VB1+V_AB1; //Voltage at point A in Volt
+
+
+printf("\nThe sending end voltage is %.2f Volt",abs(VA));
+printf("\nThe phase angle difference between the voltages of two ends is %.2f degree",atand(imag(VA),real(VA)));
+printf("\npower factor of the loads are with reference to farther-end voltage is %.2f degree",pfa);
+printf("\npower factor of the loads are with reference to the voltages at the load points is %.2f degree",-(ref_ang));
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.JPG b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..09a302893 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4009ba05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 19.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=132; //Operating Voltage in kV
+C=0.2; //Line to Ground Capacitance in microFarad
+f=50; //Supply Frequency in Hz
+L=1/(3*(2*%pi*f)^(2)*C*10^(-6)); //Inductance of Coil in H
+VA_coil=(132e3/1.732)^(2)/(2*%pi*f*L); //Rating of Coil in VA
+KVA_coil=VA_coil/1e3; //To convert VA value into kVA value
+
+printf("\nThe value of inductance of arc suppressor coil is %.2f H",L);
+printf("\nThe KVA rating of coil is %.3e kVA",KVA_coil);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d47035847 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40ac1a822 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+vs=220; // Supply voltage in Volts
+rs=5; // Series resistance in Ohms
+rp=2; // Parallel resistance in Ohms
+xlp=8*%i; // Parallel inductive reactance in Ohms
+xcp=-6*%i; // Parallel capacitive reactance in Ohms
+zeq=((rp+xlp)*xcp)/(rp+xlp+xcp); // Equivalent impedance of parallel branch in Ohms
+I=vs/(rs+zeq); // Current in the series branch in Ampere
+Ps=((I)^2)*rs; // Power in 5 ohm resistor Watts
+I1=I*xcp/(rp+xlp+xcp); // Current in branch ab in Ampere
+I2=I*(rp+xlp)/(rp+xlp+xcp); // Current in branch cd in Ampere
+Pab=(I1^2)*rp; // Power loss in branch ab resistor in Watts
+Qab=(I1^2)*xlp; // Power loss in branch ab inductor in VAR
+Qcd=(I2^2)*(xcp); // Power loss in branch cd capacitor in VAR
+
+printf('The power loss in 5 ohm resistor is %.2f watts \n',abs(Ps))
+printf('The power loss in branch ab resistor is %.2f watts \n',abs(Pab))
+printf('The power loss in branch ab induoctor is %.2f VAR \n',abs(Qab))
+printf('The power loss in branch cd capacitor is %.2f VAR \n',-abs(Qcd)) //Negative sign since capacitor supplies reactive power
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a708b2b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff2129764 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+MVAnew=100; //MVA reference in MVA
+KVnew=11; //KV reference before Transformer in kV
+KVnew1=132; //KV reference after Transformer in kV
+MVAg1=100; //Apparent power in Generator 1 in MVA
+KVg1=11; //Voltage at Generator bus 1 in kV
+Xg1=0.25; //Reactance of Generator 1 at individual p.u. Ohm
+MVAg2=150; //Apparent power in Generator 2 in MVA
+KVg2=16; //Voltage at Generator bus 2 in kV
+Xg2=0.10; //Reactance of Generator 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAg3=200; //Apparent power in Generator 3 in MVA
+KVg3=21; //Voltage at Generator bus 3 in kV
+Xg3=0.15; //Reactance of Generator 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAt1=150; //Apparent power in Transformer 1 in MVA
+t1pry=11; //Primary voltage in Transformer 1 in kV
+t1sec=132; //Secondary voltage in Transformer 1 in kV
+Xt1=0.05; //Reactance of Transformer 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAt2=200; //Apparent power in Transformer 2 in MVA
+t2pry=16; //Primary voltage in Transformer 2 in kV
+t2sec=132; //Secondary voltage in Transformer 2 in kV
+Xt2=0.10; //Reactance of Transformer 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAt3=250; //Apparent power in Transformer 3 in MVA
+t3pry=21; //Primary voltage in Transformer 3 in kV
+t3sec=132; //Secondary voltage in Transformer 3 in kV
+Xt3=0.05; //Reactance of Transformer 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+Xl1=100; //Reactance of Transmission line 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+Xl2=50; //Reactance of Transmission line 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+Xl3=80; //Reactance of Transmission line 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+X1=Xg1*(MVAnew/MVAg1)*(KVg1/KVnew)^2; //Reactance of Generator 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+X2=Xg2*(MVAnew/MVAg2)*(KVg2/KVnew)^2; //Reactance of Generator 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+X3=Xg3*(MVAnew/MVAg3)*(KVg3/KVnew)^2; //Reactance of Generator 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+T1=Xt1*(MVAnew/MVAt1)*(t1pry/KVnew)^2; //Impedance of Transformer 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+T2=Xt2*(MVAnew/MVAt2)*(t2pry/KVnew)^2; //Impedance of Transformer 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+T3=Xt3*(MVAnew/MVAt3)*(t3pry/KVnew)^2; //Impedance of Transformer 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+Zb=((KVnew1)^2)/MVAnew; //Base Reactance of Transmission line at Ohm
+L1=Xl1/Zb; //Reactance of Transmission line 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+L2=Xl2/Zb; //Reactance of Transmission line 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+L3=Xl3/Zb; //Reactance of Transmission line 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+
+
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Generator 1 is %.3f p.u",X1);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Generator 2 is %.3f p.u",X2);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Generator 3 is %.3f p.u",X3);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Transformer 1 is %.3f p.u",T1);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Transformer 2 is %.3f p.u",T2);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Transformer 3 is %.3f p.u",T3);
+printf("\nPer unit Reactance of line 1 is %.3f p.u",L1);
+printf("\nPer unit Reactance of line 2 is %.3f p.u",L2);
+printf("\nPer unit Reactance of line 3 is %.3f p.u",L3);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf44c52a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26acc005b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+kVpry=220; //Primary voltage of Transformer in kV
+kVsec=400; //Secondary voltage of Transformer in kV
+MVAb=240; //Apparent Base power in Transformer in MVA
+Zpry=3+%i*8; //Primary Impedance of Transformer in Ohm
+Zsec=5+%i*10; //Secondary Impedance of Transformer in Ohm
+Zlv=(Zpry)+(Zsec)*(kVpry/kVsec)^2; //Impedance referred to LV side in Ohm
+Zlvpu=(Zlv)*(MVAb/(kVpry)^2); //Per unit impedance referred to LV side in p.u. Ohm
+Zhv=(Zsec)+(Zpry)*(kVsec/kVpry)^2; //Impedance referred to HV side in Ohm
+Zhvpu=(Zhv)*(MVAb/(kVsec)^2); //Per unit impedance referred to HV side in p.u. Ohm
+
+
+printf("\nPer unit impedance referred to the L.V side is %.6f + j%.6f",real (Zlvpu),imag (Zlvpu));
+printf("\nPer unit impedance referred to the H.V side is %.6f + j%.6f",real (Zhvpu),imag (Zhvpu));
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e25785676 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3d16b167 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+V=240; //Three phase supply voltage in Volts
+Rl=20; //Load Resistance in Ohms
+Vbase=240; //Three phase Base voltage in Volts
+VAbase=10*10^3; //Base voltage in kVA
+Vpu=V/Vbase; //Voltage in p.u.
+Zbase=(Vbase^2/VAbase); //Base Impedance in Ohms
+Zpu=Rl/Zbase; //Load Impedance in p.u.
+Ibase=VAbase/((nthroot(3,2))*Vbase); //Base Current in Amps
+Ipu=Vpu/Zpu; //Current drawn in p.u.
+Ia=Ipu*Ibase; //Current drawn in Amps
+P=Vpu*Ipu; //Power drawn in p.u.
+Pt=(Ipu*VAbase)/1000; //Power drawn in kW
+
+
+printf("\nCurrent drawn in amps %.2f A",Ia);
+printf("\nPer unit value of current referred to the load side %.3f p.u",Ipu);
+printf("\nPower drawn in kilo watts %.3f kW",Pt);
+printf("\nPer unit value of Power referred to the load side %.3f p.u",P);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..985fc4dbf --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a6ceac4d --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Z=[400,380,350,300,350,500,700,750,900,1200,1350,1200,1000,950,1250,1300,1400,1300,1500,1800,2000,1950,1000,800];
+Totalenergy = 0; //Initial Total energy
+for i=1:length(Z)
+Totalenergy=Z(i)+Totalenergy;
+end
+Averagedemand=Totalenergy/24; //Average demand of the feeder in kW
+Maximumdemand=2000; //Maximum demand of the feeder in kW
+Loadfactor=Averagedemand/Maximumdemand; //Load factor of the feeder
+Lossfactor=0.14; //Loss factor of the feeder
+Peakloadpowerloss=108; //Peakload power loss of the feeder in kW
+Averagepowerloss=Lossfactor*Peakloadpowerloss; //Average power loss of the feeder in kW
+Annualpowerloss=Averagepowerloss*365; //Annual power loss of the feeder in kW
+Connecteddemand=2500; //Connected demand of the feeder in kW
+Demandfactor=Maximumdemand/Connecteddemand; //Demand factor of the feeder
+
+
+
+printf("\nThe average powerloss of the feeder %.2f kW",Averagepowerloss);
+printf("\nThe annual powerloss of the feeder %.1f kW",Annualpowerloss);
+printf("\nThe demand factor of the feeder %.2f",Demandfactor);
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d614df1b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f8266868 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+max_demand=100; //Maximum demand of generating station in MW
+LF=0.65; //Load factor of generating station in percentage
+PCF=0.50; //Plant capacity factor of generating station in percentage
+PUF=0.80; //Plant use factor of generating station in percentage
+avg_demand=max_demand*LF; //Average demand of generating station in MW
+daily_energy=avg_demand*24; //Daily energy produced by generating station in MWh
+PRC=avg_demand/PCF; //Plant rated capacity of generating station in MW
+RC=PRC-max_demand; //Reserve capacity of generating station in MW
+max_energy=PRC*24; //Maximum energy produced if plant is running all the time in MWh
+FL_max_energy=daily_energy/PUF; //Maximum energy produced if plant is running at full load in MWh
+UF=max_demand/PRC; //Utilization factor of generating station
+
+
+printf("\nDaily energy produced %.f MWh",daily_energy);
+printf("\nInstalled capacity of plant %.f MW",PRC);
+printf("\nReserve capacity of plant %.f MW",RC);
+printf("\nMaximum energy that could be produced if the plant is running all the time %.f MWh",max_energy);
+printf("\nMaximum energy that could be produced if the plant is running at full load %.f MWh",FL_max_energy);
+printf("\nUtilization factor %.3f",UF);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8642ae773 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..029f1c278 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+peak_dem_light=200; //Peak demand of the light load in kW
+max_dem_light=200; //Maximum demand of the light load in kW
+max_dem_rest=1800; //Maximum demand of the rest load in kW
+peak_dem_rest=1800; //Peak demand of the rest load in kW
+c_light=peak_dem_light/max_dem_light; //Contribution factor for street lighting load
+c_rest=peak_dem_rest/max_dem_rest; //Contribution factor for street rest load
+DF=(peak_dem_light+peak_dem_rest)/(c_light*max_dem_light+c_rest*max_dem_rest); //Diversity factor of the feeder
+CF=1/DF; //Coincidence factor of the load group
+
+printf("\nClass contribution factor for street lightning is %.1f and the remaining load is %.1f",c_light,c_rest);
+printf("\nDiversity factor of the feeder %.1f",DF);
+printf("\nCoincidence factor of the load group %.1f",CF);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..69b268961 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2904b4516 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+P=20; //Load in kW
+pf1=0.8; //Actual Power factor
+pf2=0.95; //Required Power factor
+phi1=acos(pf1); //Actual Power factor angle in degree
+phi2=acos(pf2); //Required Power factor angle in degree
+S1=P/pf1; //Actual Apparent Power in kVA
+S2=P/pf2; //Modified Apparent Power in kVA
+C_VAR=S1*sin(phi1)-S2*sin(phi2); //Required rating of the Capacitor in kVAR
+phi3=acos(0.1); //Power factor Angle of Phase Advancing device in degree
+alpha=phi1-phi2; //Angle in degree
+Beta=%pi/2-acos(0.1)+%pi-(phi1+%pi/2); //Angle in degree
+del=%pi-(Beta+alpha); //Angle in degree
+ph_adv_KVA=S1*sin(alpha)/sin(del); //Apparent Power of the Phase advancing device in kVA
+
+printf("\nThe rating of capacitor to raise the power factor to 0.95 lagging is %.2f kVAR",C_VAR);
+printf("\nThe rating of the phase advancing device is %.2f kVA",ph_adv_KVA);
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e78695e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2bbf254e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+LF=0.35; //Load factor in percentage
+mon_consumption=504; //Monthly consumption in kWh
+max_dem_rate=180; //Maximum demand per kWh in Rs
+Unit_rate=2.00; //Unit rate of electricity per kWh in Rs
+max_dem1=mon_consumption/(LF*24*30); //Maximum demand of consumer in kW
+mon_bill1=(max_dem1*max_dem_rate)+(Unit_rate*mon_consumption); //Monthly bill of consumer in Rs
+overall_cost1=mon_bill1/mon_consumption; //Overall cost of consumer in Rs
+new_consumption=mon_consumption*1.20; //New consumption of consumer in kWh
+max_dem2=new_consumption/(LF*24*30); //Maximum demand of same Load factor in kW
+mon_bill2=(max_dem2*max_dem_rate)+(Unit_rate*new_consumption); //Monthly bill of consumer in Rs
+overall_cost2=mon_bill2/new_consumption; //Overall cost of consumer in Rs
+max_dem3=mon_consumption/(0.40*24*30); //Maximum demand of increased load factor in kW
+mon_bill3=(max_dem3*max_dem_rate)+(Unit_rate*mon_consumption); //Monthly bill of consumer in Rs
+overall_cost3=mon_bill3/mon_consumption; //Overall cost of consumer in Rs
+
+printf("\nThe monthly bill is %.f Rs and the average cost per KWh is %.2f Rs",mon_bill1,overall_cost1);
+printf("\nThe overall cost per kWh if the consumption is increased by 20 percentage with the same load factor is %.2f Rs",overall_cost2);
+printf("\nThe overall cost per kWh if the consumption remains same but loadfactor is increased to 40 percentage is %.2f Rs",overall_cost3);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..14edc0a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec1812424 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+k=0.6;
+t=1.503032/0.6; //Time in hours
+Df=3; //Density factor
+P=30- 8*sin(k*t)+0.325*t; //Load variation at a power supply station in MW
+i=1;
+n=1;
+while (t(i)<24)
+t(i+1)=(2*n*%pi-1.503032)/0.6;
+t(i+2)=(2*n*%pi+1.503032)/0.6;
+if (t(i+1)<24)&(t(i+2)<24) then
+ i=i+2;
+else
+ t(i+1)=25;
+ i=i+1;
+end
+n=n+1;
+end
+P=30- 8*sin(k*t)+0.325*t;
+Max_demand=max(P); //Maximum demand on the system in MW
+Avg_load=(1/24)*(30*24+(8/0.6)*(cosd(0.6*24)-cosd(0.6*0))+0.325*24^(2)/2); //Applying integration for power equation
+Lf=Avg_load/Max_demand; //Load factor of the system
+Total_load=Max_demand*Df; //Total installed load of the system in MW
+
+
+printf("\nMaximum demand on the system is %.3f MW",Max_demand);
+printf("\nLoad factor of the system %.3f",Lf);
+printf("\nTotal installed load is %.3f MW",Total_load);
+ //different t values cannot be obtained for section d so cannot be solved in scilab
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Avg load value in the book
+
diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.JPG b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a22aa5f5e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc70f44da --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 6.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+reser_catch_area=50; //Catchment area of reservoir in km^2
+avg_rainfall=150; //Average rainfall in cm/year
+station_head=40; //Mean head of station in m
+UF=0.75; //Utilization factor
+LF=0.75; //Load factor
+tur_eff=0.88; //Efficiency of turbine
+gen_eff=0.93; //Efficiency of generator
+water_volume=reser_catch_area*10^6*1.5*UF; //Available water for electricity production in m^3
+Q=water_volume/(365*24*60*60); //Available quantity in m^3/sec
+P=(0.736/75)*Q*1000*station_head*tur_eff*gen_eff; //Power of station in kW
+install_cap_gen=P/LF; //Generator installed capacity in kW
+
+printf("\nThe power is %.2f kW",P);
+printf("\nInstalled capacity of the generator is %.f kW",install_cap_gen);
+ //variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Q value
diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.JPG b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..873dda7a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9c640a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 6.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+
+
+clc;
+clear;
+clf;
+
+
+
+q=[500 500 350 200 300 800 1100 900 400 200 0];
+t=0:1:10;
+subplot(3,1,1);
+title("Hydrograph");
+xlabel("Time (Weeks)");
+ylabel("Q (m3/Sec)");
+plot2d2(t,q);
+Avg=sum(q)/max(t); //Average Discharge in a Week in m^3/sec
+percent=[0 1100];
+j=1;
+for temp=1100:-200:100
+ count=0;
+ for i=1:1:11
+ if q(i) >= temp then
+ count=count+1;
+ else
+ count=count+0;
+ end
+ end
+ j=j+1;
+ percent(j,:)=[count*10 temp];
+end
+subplot(3,1,2);
+title("Flow duration curve");
+xlabel("Percentage of time");
+ylabel("Q (m3/Sec)");
+plot2d(percent(:,1),percent(:,2));
+y=cumsum(7*q);
+subplot(3,1,3);
+title("Mass curve");
+xlabel("Time (Weeks)");
+ylabel("Cumulative flow(day-sec-metre)");
+plot2d([1:1:10],resize_matrix(y,-1,10),rect=[0 0 11 40000]);
+
+
+printf("\nAverage weekly discharge is %.f m^3/sec",Avg);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.JPG b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf83e9936 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..034427721 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 7.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+helium_atomic_mass=4.002603; //Atomic mass of Helium in amu
+mp=1.007277; //Atomic mass of Proton in amu
+mn=1.008665; //Atomic mass of Neutron in amu
+me=0.00055; //Atomic mass of Electron in amu
+del_m=2*mp+2*me+2*mn-helium_atomic_mass; //Mass Defect in amu
+Be=del_m*931; //Helium Binding Energy in MeV
+Be_molecule=Be/4; //Helium Binding Energy per Nucleon in MeV
+
+
+printf("\nBinding energy per nucleon is %.3f MeV",Be_molecule);
diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.JPG b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..351b03f60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ee5aadc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 7.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+rad_atomic_mass=226.095; //Atomic Mass of Radium in amu
+rad_decay_const=1.3566*10^-11; //Decay Constant of Radium in 1/s
+Half_life=0.6931/rad_decay_const; //Radium Half Life in sec
+Half_life_yr=Half_life/(365*24*60*60); //Radium Half Life in year
+N=6.023*10^23/rad_atomic_mass; //Number of atoms per gram of Radium
+Activity=rad_decay_const*N; //Activity of Radium in disintegration/second
+Activity_curi=Activity/(3.7*10^10); //Activity of Radium in Ci
+
+
+printf("\nHalf life is %e sec or %.2f yr",Half_life,Half_life_yr);
+printf("\nThe initial activity is %.3f Ci",Activity_curi);
diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.JPG b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..41080b4c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..095c506b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 7.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+neu_absor=0.80; //Absorbed Neutrons of Uranium_235 in percentage
+P=100; //Power of Uranium_235 in kW
+use_energy=190; //Useful Energy of Uranium_235 in MeV
+energy=use_energy*10^6*1.60*10^-19; //Fission Energy of Uranium_235 in J
+fission_energy=1/energy; //Number of Fission to Produced One Joule of Energy
+nuclei_power=fission_energy*3600*10^6/neu_absor; //Number of Nuclei Burnt during 1 hour per MW of Power
+Mass=nuclei_power*235/(6.023*10^23); //Mass of Uranium_235 to produce required Power in g/hr
+
+
+printf("\nFuel consumption of U-235 to produce 100 MW will be %.4f g/hr",Mass*100);
diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..650489ecf --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +//Example 10.1
+//page 655
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator design using Bode Plots
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+s=poly(0,"s")
+w=poly(0,'w')
+G=1/(s*(s+1))
+Kv=10
+pm=45 //degrees
+K=Kv/horner(s*G,0)
+G1=syslin('c',K*G)
+[gm,frg]=g_margin(G1)
+
+[pm0,frp]=p_margin(G1)
+//Finding extra phase lead required
+phi=pm-pm0+3
+alpha= (1-sind(phi))/(1+sind(phi))
+gain_uncomp=-20*log(1/(sqrt(alpha)))
+wc=4.16 //New gain crossover frequency
+z=wc*sqrt(alpha) //z=1/T
+p=wc/sqrt(alpha) //p=1/(alpha*T)
+Kc=K/alpha
+D=Kc*(s+z)/(s+p)
+disp(D,'Lead Compensator=')
+Gc=syslin('c',G1*D)
+f=figure()
+bode(G1)
+bode_asymp(G1)
+title('Bode plot of uncompensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+bode(Gc)
+bode_asymp(Gc)
+title('Bode plot of compensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+black([G1;Gc ],0.01,100,["Plant";"Plant and Lead Compensator"]);
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+Leg=a.children(1);
+Leg.legend_location="in_lower_right";
+nicholschart(colors=color('light gray')*[1 1])
+
+
+
diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1output1.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fe6e2dab --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1output2.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e47f8932 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..349079f1b --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +//Example 10.2
+//page 657
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator design using Bode Plots
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+s=poly(0,"s")
+w=poly(0,'w')
+G=1/(s^2)
+zeta=0.45
+pm=50 //degrees
+K=1
+G1=syslin('c',K*G)
+[gm,frg]=g_margin(G1)
+[pm0,frp]=p_margin(G1)
+//Finding extra phase lead required
+phi=pm-pm0
+alpha= (1-sind(phi))/(1+sind(phi))
+gain_uncomp=-20*log(1/(sqrt(alpha)))
+wc=1.7 //New gain crossover frequency
+z=wc*sqrt(alpha) //z=1/T
+p=wc/sqrt(alpha) //p=1/(alpha*T)
+Kc=K/alpha
+D=Kc*(s+z)/(s+p)
+disp(D,'Lead Compensator=')
+Gc=syslin('c',G1*D)
+f=figure()
+bode(G1)
+bode_asymp(G1)
+title('Bode plot of uncompensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+bode(Gc)
+bode_asymp(Gc)
+title('Bode plot of compensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2output1.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d5514067 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2output2.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4caa25e0a --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e67ba7bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//Example 10.3
+//page 658
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator design using Bode Plots
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+s=poly(0,"s")
+w=poly(0,'w')
+G=1/((s^2)*(0.2*s+1))
+Ka=10
+pm=35 //degrees
+K=Ka/horner((s^2)*G,0)
+G1=syslin('c',K*G)
+[gm,frg]=g_margin(G1)
+[pm0,frp]=p_margin(G1)
+//Finding extra phase lead required
+phi=pm-pm0+15
+//As phi is large, we use 2 lead compensators in cascade
+phi=phi/2
+alpha= (1-sind(phi))/(1+sind(phi))
+gain_uncomp=-20*log(1/(sqrt(alpha)))
+wc=4.7 //New gain crossover frequency
+z=wc*sqrt(alpha) //z=1/T
+p=wc/sqrt(alpha) //p=1/(alpha*T)
+Kc=K/alpha
+D=Kc*(((s+z)/(s+p))^2)
+disp(D,'Lead Compensator=')
+Gc=syslin('c',G1*D)
+f=figure()
+bode(G1)
+bode_asymp(G1)
+title('Bode plot of uncompensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+bode(Gc)
+bode_asymp(Gc)
+title('Bode plot of compensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+
diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3output1.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b4d10b66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3output2.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d2fc9417 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..beb128459 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//Example 10.4
+//page 666
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator design using Bode Plots
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+s=poly(0,"s")
+w=poly(0,'w')
+G=1/((s)*(s+1))
+Kv=10
+pm=45 //degrees
+K=Kv/horner((s)*G,0)
+G1=syslin('c',K*G)
+[gm,frg]=g_margin(G1)
+[pm0,frp]=p_margin(G1)
+phi=-180+pm+6
+wc=0.85 //New gain crossover frequency
+Beta=11
+Kc=K/Beta
+z=wc/(2^3)
+p=z/Beta
+D=Kc*(((s+z)/(s+p)))
+disp(D,'Lag Compensator=')
+Gc=syslin('c',G1*D)
+f=figure()
+bode(G1)
+bode_asymp(G1)
+title('Bode plot of uncompensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+bode(Gc)
+bode_asymp(Gc)
+title('Bode plot of compensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+black([G1;Gc ],0.01,100,["Plant";"Plant and Lag Compensator"]);
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+Leg=a.children(1);
+Leg.legend_location="in_lower_right";
+nicholschart(colors=color('light gray')*[1 1])
diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4output1.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b37c7bc1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4output2.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f092e8394 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15de57b6c --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//Example 10.5
+//page 668
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator design using Bode Plots
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+s=poly(0,"s")
+w=poly(0,'w')
+G=1/((s)*(0.1*s+1)*(0.2*s+1))
+wb=5
+Kv=30
+pm=40 //degrees
+K=Kv/horner((s)*G,0)
+G1=syslin('c',K*G)
+[gm,frg]=g_margin(G1)
+[pm0,frp]=p_margin(G1)
+phi=-180+pm+5
+wc=3 //New gain crossover frequency
+Beta=10
+Kc=K/Beta
+z=wc/10
+p=z/Beta
+D=Kc*(((s+z)/(s+p)))
+disp(D,'Lag Compensator=')
+Gc=syslin('c',G1*D)
+f=figure()
+bode(G1)
+bode_asymp(G1)
+title('Bode plot of uncompensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+bode(Gc)
+bode_asymp(Gc)
+title('Bode plot of compensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+black([G1;Gc ],0.01,100,["Plant";"Plant and Lag Compensator"]);
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+Leg=a.children(1);
+Leg.legend_location="in_lower_right";
+nicholschart(colors=color('light gray')*[1 1])
diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5output1.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7dfb409b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5output2.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b093fec94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1051700ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +//Example 10.6
+//page 672
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator design using Bode Plots
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+s=poly(0,"s")
+w=poly(0,'w')
+G=1/((s)*(0.1*s+1)*(0.2*s+1))
+wb=12
+Kv=30
+pm=50 //degrees
+K=Kv/horner((s)*G,0)
+G1=syslin('c',K*G)
+[gm,frg]=g_margin(G1)
+[pm0,frp]=p_margin(G1)
+
+//Design of lag compensation part
+phi=-180+pm+5
+wc=2.1 //New gain crossover frequency
+Beta=10
+Kc=K/Beta
+z=wc/2
+p=z/Beta
+//Design of lead compensation part
+alpha=1/Beta
+phi1= asin(((1-alpha)/(1+alpha)))
+wc1=6.5
+z1=wc1*sqrt(alpha)
+p1=wc1/sqrt(alpha)
+Kc=Kc/sqrt(alpha)
+D=Kc*((((s+z)*(s+z1))/((s+p)*(s+p1))))
+disp(D,'Lead-Lag Compensator=')
+Gc=syslin('c',G1*D)
+f=figure()
+bode(G1)
+bode_asymp(G1)
+title('Bode plot of uncompensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+bode(Gc)
+bode_asymp(Gc)
+title('Bode plot of compensated system')
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+f=figure()
+black([G1;Gc ],0.01,100,["Plant";"Plant and Lag Compensator"]);
+a=gca();
+a.parent.background=8;
+Leg=a.children(1);
+Leg.legend_location="in_lower_right";
+nicholschart(colors=color('light gray')*[1 1])
diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6output1.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7507746fe --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6output2.PNG b/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8168e32cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3889/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00723546e --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +//Example 2.4
+//page 63
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter: Dynamic Models and Dynamic Response
+
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+
+// Transfer function
+s= %s;
+//s=poly(0,'s');
+y=1;
+r=(s^2) + (3*s) + 2;
+//continuous time linear model created
+g=syslin('c',y/r);
+
+clf();
+t=0:0.5:100;
+a=size(t)
+u=ones(a(1),a(2));
+//step response
+y1=csim(u,t,[g*5]);
+
+//ramp response
+u2= 5* t;
+y2=csim(u2,t,g)
+
+//plot
+subplot(211)
+plot(t,y1)
+m=gca();
+m.auto_scale = "off"
+m.data_bounds = [0,0;6,6]
+plot(t,5*u)
+title('Step Response of transfer function','fontsize',3)
+xlabel('Time t (sec.)','fontsize',2)
+ylabel('Amplitude','fontsize',2)
+subplot(212)
+plot(t,y2)
+m=gca();
+m.auto_scale = "off"
+m.data_bounds = [0,0;10,10]
+
+plot(t,u2)
+title('Ramp Response of transfer function','fontsize',3)
+xlabel('Time t (sec.)','fontsize',2)
+ylabel('Amplitude','fontsize',2)
diff --git a/3889/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4output.PNG b/3889/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a2d654de --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf716c150 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.1
+//page 318
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter: Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=s^4 + 8* s^3 +18*s^2 +16*s +5;
+//routh array
+disp('Routh Array')
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r)
+[r,num]=routh_t(1/P,20)
+if num==0
+ disp("As all the elements in first column are positive, system is stable")
+else
+ mprintf("There is %g sign changes in entries of first column.\nTherefore, system is unstable.", num)
+end
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1output.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..14e95bcaa --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5aecdcfe --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 5.10
+//page 327
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=poly(2,'s');
+//substitution of s-2 for s
+
+P=(1+(5/s))*((s+3)/(s^2+2*s+2));
+k=poly(0,'k')
+//routh array
+r=routh_t(P,k)
+disp(r,"Routh Array")
+kval=kpure(P)
+mprintf('%g <K , is range of gain for closed loop poles to satisfy Re(s)<-2',kval(1))
+
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10output.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4338c03b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ff2369c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.2
+//page 318
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter: Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=3*s^4 + 10* s^3 +5*s^2 +5*s +2;
+//routh array
+disp('Routh Array')
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r)
+[r,num]=routh_t(1/P,20)
+if num==0
+ disp("As all elements of first row are positive,system is stable")
+else
+ mprintf("There are %g sign changes in entries of first column.\nTherefore, system is unstable.", num)
+end
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2output.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7e2bad6c --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9e06917b --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.3
+//page 319
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter: Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=s^6+4*s^5+3*s^4 + 2* s^3 +s^2 +4*s +4;
+//routh array
+disp('Routh Array')
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r)
+[r,num]=routh_t(1/P,20)
+if num==0
+ disp("As all elements of first row are positive system is stable")
+else
+ mprintf("There are %g sign changes in entries of first column.\nTherefore, system is unstable.", num)
+end
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3output.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a93ca399c --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed4f4911a --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.4
+//page 321
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter: Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=s^5+s^4 + 4* s^3 +24*s^2 +3*s +63;
+//routh array
+disp('Routh Array')
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r)
+[r,num]=routh_t(1/P,20)
+if num==0
+ disp("System is stable")
+else
+ mprintf("There are %g sign changes in entries of first column.\nTherefore, system is unstable.", num)
+end
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4output.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..42e2fb354 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e94a985f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Example 5.5
+//page 321
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=s^6+2*s^5+8*s^4 + 12* s^3 +20*s^2 +16*s +16;
+//routh array
+disp('Routh Array')
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r)
+[r,num]=routh_t(P)
+disp('As there are no sign changes,there is no root on right half of s plane')
+disp('However as two rows are having same values, we decide stability on basis of auxiliary equation')
+//Extracting and finding roots of auxiliary polynomial
+a=flipdim(r(2,:),2)
+b=kron(a(1:$), [1 zeros(1,1)])
+P1=roots(poly(coeff(b),"x","coeff"))
+disp(P1,"Roots of auxiliary equation=")
+disp("As roots of auxiliary equation are purely imaginary, system is marginally stable")
+
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5output.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..dcd9026fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58642a3a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 5.6
+//page 323
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=s^5+3*s^4 + 2* s^3 +6*s^2 +6*s +9;
+//routh array
+
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r,"Routh Array")
+[r,num]=routh_t(1/P,20)
+disp("We know, eps tends to zero")
+if num==0
+ disp("System is stable")
+else
+ mprintf("There are %g sign changes in entries of first column.\nTherefore, system is unstable.", num)
+end
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6output2.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b337768e --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6outputarray.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6outputarray.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..47696faa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6outputarray.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3d541ae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.7
+//page 324
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=s^6+s^5+3*s^4 + 3* s^3 +3*s^2 +2*s +1;
+//routh array
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r,"Routh Array")
+[r,num]=routh_t(1/P,20)
+disp("We know, eps tends to zero")
+if num==0
+ disp("System is stable")
+else
+ mprintf("There are %g sign changes in entries of first column.\nTherefore, system is unstable.", num)
+end
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7output2.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8af86186 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7outputarray.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7outputarray.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3693f9b04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7outputarray.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddc724253 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.8
+//page 326
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+//substitution of s-1 for s
+s=poly(1,'s');
+P= s^3 +7*s^2 +25*s +39;
+//routh array
+r=routh_t(P)
+disp(r,"Routh Array")
+[r,num]=routh_t(1/P,20)
+if num==0
+ disp("As all the elements in first column are positive,roots of characteristic polynomial are more negative than -1 ")
+else
+ mprintf("There is %g sign changes in entries of first column.\nTherefore, characteistic polynomial has some roots relatively unstable with respect to s=-1", num)
+end
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8output.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8output.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..bcea18cc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8output.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f24448eb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 5.9
+//page 327
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Concepts of Stability: Routh Stability Array
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=s*(s^2+s+1)*(s+4);
+k=poly(0,'k')
+//routh array
+disp('Routh Array')
+r=routh_t(1/P,k)
+disp(r)
+disp('Solving for positive values,')
+disp(r($-1,1))
+mprintf('%g >K >0, for stability',kpure(1/P))
+
+
+
diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9output2.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ef4be740 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9outputarray.PNG b/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9outputarray.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..87dcfd7f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9outputarray.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddc6c19ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Example 7.3
+//page 432
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator Design Using Root Locus
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=1/((s)*(s+1)*(s+2));
+
+//Root locus plot using evans root locus
+f=figure()
+evans(P)
+title("Root locus of 1/(s*(s+1)*(s+2)",'fontsize',5)
+h=legend('');
+h.visible="OFF"
+zoom_rect([-2 -1.5 2 1.5]*kpure(P)/3)
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin"
+a.y_location="origin"
+a.parent.background=8;
+legends(['root locus';'';'asymptotic directions';'open loop poles'],[2,3,1,-2],with_box=%f,opt="ur",2.8)
+sgrid();
+K=poly(0,'K')
+R= routh_t(P,K);
+disp(R,'Routh Array=')
+kval= kpure(P)
+disp(kval,'Limiting Gain Kmax=')
diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3output1.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..76eb82bd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3output2.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..04ab00aba --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..260d60321 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Example 7.4
+//page 436
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator Design Using Root Locus
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=1/((s)*(s+3)*(s^2+2*s+2));
+
+//Root locus plot using evans root locus
+f=figure()
+evans(P)
+title("Root locus of 1/((s)*(s+3)*(s^2+2*s+2))",'fontsize',5)
+h=legend('');
+h.visible="OFF"
+zoom_rect([-2 -1.5 2 1.5]*kpure(P)/3)
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin"
+a.y_location="origin"
+a.parent.background=8;
+legends(['root locus';'';'asymptotic directions';'open loop poles'],[2,3,1,-2],with_box=%f,opt="ur",2.8)
+sgrid();
+K=poly(0,'K')
+R= routh_t(P,K);
+disp(R,'Routh Array=')
+kval= kpure(P)
+disp(kval,'Limiting Gain Kmax=')
+
diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4output1.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d43c893e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4output2.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5231597f --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5404ba5a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 7.5
+//page 439
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator Design Using Root Locus
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=(s+1)/((s^2)*(s+9));
+
+//Root locus plot using evans root locus
+f=figure()
+evans(P)
+title("Root locus of (s+1)/((s^2)*(s+9))",'fontsize',5)
+h=legend('');
+h.visible="OFF"
+zoom_rect([-5 -10 5 10])
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin"
+a.y_location="origin"
+a.parent.background=8;
+legends(['root locus';'';'asymptotic directions';'open loop poles'],[2,3,1,-2],with_box=%f,opt="ur",2.8)
+K=poly(0,'K')
+R= routh_t(P,K);
+disp(R,'Routh Array')
diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5output1.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..23ff9a105 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5output2.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..006f060ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5output2.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..755d3a126 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Example 7.6
+//page 441
+//Control Systems: Principles and Design
+//M Gopal, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill
+//Chapter:Compensator Design Using Root Locus
+
+xdel(winsid())//close all graphics Windows
+clear;
+clc;
+//transfer function
+s=%s;
+P=1/((s)*(s+2)*(s^2+2*s+5));
+
+//Root locus plot using evans root locus
+f=figure()
+evans(P)
+title("Root locus of 1/((s)*(s+2)*(s^2+2*s+5))",'fontsize',5)
+h=legend('');
+h.visible="OFF"
+zoom_rect([-2 -1.5 2 1.5]*kpure(P)/3)
+a=gca();
+a.x_location="origin"
+a.y_location="origin"
+a.parent.background=8;
+legends(['root locus';'';'asymptotic directions';'open loop poles'],[2,3,1,-2],with_box=%f,opt="ur",2.8)
+sgrid();
+K=poly(0,'K')
+R= routh_t(P,K);
+disp(R,'Routh Array=')
+kval= kpure(P)
+disp(kval,'Limiting Gain Kmax=')
+
diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6output1.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6output1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..bdd137584 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6output1.PNG diff --git a/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6output2.PNG b/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6output2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b5dce8c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3889/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6output2.PNG diff --git a/3890/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.png b/3890/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f3772e63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.png diff --git a/3890/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.sce b/3890/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e29f6d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 1.1 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +pi=900; //input power during on period in watts +ton=20; //on period in minutes +toff=40; //off period in minutes + +E=(pi*ton*60+0*toff*60); //energy consumed per hour in w s +p_av=E/(60*60); //the average power in watts + +printf('the energy consumed per hour is %d in w-s\n',E) +printf('the average power is %d in watts\n',p_av) + + diff --git a/3890/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.png b/3890/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7fc3b803 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.png diff --git a/3890/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3890/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afa775a21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 1.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+I1=60; //current during duration 0 to 10 sec in Ampere
+t1max=10;t1min=0; //time taken by current I1 in sec
+I2=25; //current during duration 10 to 30 sec in Ampere
+t2max=30;t2min=10; //time taken by current I2 in sec
+I3=50; //current during duration 30 to 40 sec in Ampere
+t3max=40;t3min=30; //time taken by current I3 in sec
+I4=-40; //current during duration 45 to 40 sec in Ampere
+t4max=45;t4min=40; //time taken by current I4 in sec
+I5=-20; //current during duration 60 to 45 sec in Ampere
+t5max=60;t5min=45; //time taken by current I5 in sec
+I6=0; //current during duration 100 to 60 sec in Ampere
+t6max=100;t6min=60; //time taken by current I6 in sec
+
+T=100; //total time period in sec
+sa=(I1*(t1max-t1min))+(I2*(t2max-t2min))+(I3*(t3max-t3min))+(I4*(t4max-t4min))+(I5*(t5max-t5min))+(I6*(t6max-t6min)); //algebric sum of area under positive and negative currents in A s
+avg=sa/T; //average value of current in ampere
+rms=((1/T)*((I1^2)*(t1max-t1min)+(I2^2)*(t2max-t2min)+(I3^2)*(t3max-t3min)+(I4^2)*(t4max-t4min)+(I5^2)*(t5max-t5min)+(I6^2)*(t6max-t6min)))^(1/2);
+
+printf('the average value of current waveform is %f in Ampere\n',avg)
+printf('the rms value of current waveform is %f in ampere\n',rms)
+
diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.png b/3890/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6c02039b --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.png diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3890/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3755bf30d --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 2.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+a1=5*10^-4;a2=10*10^-4; //area of cross sections in m^2
+l1=24*10^-2;l2=8*10^-2; //mean length in m
+ur=500; //relative permiability of the material
+u0=4*3.14*10^-7 //permiabiity of free space
+
+u=ur*u0; //permiablity in H/m
+r1=l1/(u*a1); //reluctance of material with lenght l1
+r2=l2/(u*a2); //reluctance of material with lenght l2
+r_a=r1/2+r2; //net reluctance of a 200 turn coilin H^-1
+r_b=r1*r2/(r1+r2)+r1; //net reluctance of 100 turn coil in H^-1
+
+printf('the net reluctance of 200 turn coil is %2f in H^-1\n',r_a)
+printf('the net reluctance of 100 turn coil is %2f in H^-1\n',r_b)
+
diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.png b/3890/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..86251ed90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.png diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3890/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c795fc0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 2.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+bg=1; //flux density of air gap in T
+u0=4*3.14*10^-7; //permiability of free space
+lg=0.1*10^-3; //length of air gap in m
+sf=0.9; //stacking factor of M19 steel
+lm=100*10^-3; //length of the steel in m
+h=130; //flux density in At/m
+
+hg=bg/u0; //magnetic field intensity in A/m
+fg=hg*lg; //reluctance drop or magnetic potential across gap in A
+bm=bg/sf; //flux density in magnetic material in T
+Fm=h*0.1; //magnetic potenial of other member in At
+AT=Fm+fg; //the required ampere turn in At
+
+printf('the required ampere turn in the exciting coil is %2f in At',AT)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.png b/3890/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..47d980875 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.png diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3890/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68d774df8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 2.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+bg=0.001; //flux in the air gap in Wb
+Am=16*10^-4; //area of magnetic member in m^2
+u0=4*3.14*10^-7; //permiability of free space
+lm=0.1; //length of the steel in m
+lg=0.1*10^-3; //length of air gap in m
+sf=0.9; //stacking factor of M19 steel
+h=130,hm=54; //flux density in At/m
+
+rg=lg/(1.1*u0*Am); //reluctance
+bm=bg/(sf*Am); //flux density in magnetic material in T
+ua=bm/(u0*hm); //amplitude of permeability
+rm=lm/(ua*u0*Am); //reluctance of magnetic member
+NI=bg*(rg+rm); //exciting ammpereturns in At
+
+printf('the required ampere turns is %2f',NI)
diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.png b/3890/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1e915cfb --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.png diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3890/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95b422a35 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 2.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+u0=4*3.14*10^-7; //permeability of free space
+f=0.001; //flux in wb
+Am=16*10^-4; //area in m
+Bm=1.1; //flux in wb
+
+Bg=f/(Bm*Am);
+vol=Bm*Am*10^-4;
+w=(Bg^2)*(vol)/(2*u0);
+
+printf('the energy stored is %f J',w)
diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.png b/3890/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab45eaa91 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.png diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3890/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d859c9a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 2.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+N1=10; //number of turns in coil 1
+F1=0.001; //flux of coil 1
+I1=5.04; //current in coil 1
+
+L11=N1*F1/I1; //self inductance of the coil 1 in H
+
+disp(L11,'the self inductance of the coil in H')
+
+N2=100; //assume 100 turns
+L=N2*F1/I1;
+
+disp(L,'the self inductance for 100 turs coil in H')
+
diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.7/EX2_7.png b/3890/CH2/EX2.7/EX2_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a36ecc256 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.7/EX2_7.png diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3890/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ab149578 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 2.7
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+N1=10; //number of turns in coil1
+N2=20; //numeber of turns in coil2
+F1=0.001; //flux of coil
+I=5.04; //current in the coil
+
+L21=N2*F1/I;
+
+disp(L21,'flux produced by coil1 links to coil 2 in H')
+
diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.png b/3890/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b67a43f96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.png diff --git a/3890/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3890/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b1d25049 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 2.7
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+c=0.1; //circumference in m
+A=0.0016; //cross sectional area in m^2
+N1=10; //number of turns in the coil
+p=0.115; //amplitude permeability
+
+L11=N1^2*A*p/c;
+
+disp(L11,'the inductance of coil 1 in H')
diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1966e2b70 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afbcb0adf --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 3.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+E=220; //Emf of the tranformer in volt
+f=60; //Frequency of the transformer in Hz
+fl=5*10^-3; //flux in wb
+
+N1=E/(4.44*f*fl); //turns in primary winding
+N2=N1/2; //turns in secondary winding
+
+printf('Number of turns in primary winding is %d\n',N1)
+printf('Number of turns in secondary winding is %d\n',N2)
diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2ebabc5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1c3c9a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.12 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +a=5; //turns ratio +R1=.5; //primary resistance in ohms +R2=.021; //secondary resistance in ohms +x1=3.2; //primary leakage reactance in ohms +x2=.12; //secondary leakage reactance in ohms +Rc=350; //core loss current in ohms +xm=98; //magnetising reactance in ohms + +Rd=R1+(a^2)*R2; +Xd=x1+(a^2)*x2; +Rdd=(R1/a^2)+R2; +Xdd=(x1/a^2)+x2; +Rcd=Rc/a^2; +xmd=xm/a^2; + +printf('The circuit parameters referred to primary are Rd=%f Xd=%f Rc=%f xm=%f in ohms\n',Rd,Xd,Rc,xm) +printf('The circuit parameters referred to secondary are Rdd=%f Xdd=%f Rcd=%f Xmd=%f in ohms',Rdd,Xdd,Rcd,xmd) diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..069f1d66d --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76a429388 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.13 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +p=80; //power input in W +v=120; //supply voltage in V +I=1.4; //supply current in A +R=.25; //primary resistance in ohm +X=1.2; //leakage reactance in ohm + +pf=p/(v*I); +th=acosd(pf); +i=I*(cos(th)-%i*sin(th)) +E=v-(I*(R+%i*X)); +Rc=abs(E)^2/(p-(I^2)*R); +Ic=abs(E)/Rc; +Im=(I^2-Ic^2)^(1/2); +xm=E/Im; + +printf('The magnetising reactance is %f ohms\n',xm) +printf('The core loss equivalent resistance is %f ohms',Rc) diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..902cd3e41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29bb6aa93 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.14 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +Q=25; //power in kvA +v1=440; //primary voltage in V +v2=220; //secondary voltage in v +vO=220;Io=9.6;Po=710; //open circuit parameters in V,A,W +vs=42;Is=57;Ps=1030; //short circuit parameters in V,A,W + +a=v1/v2; +zs1=vs/Is; +Rs1=Ps/Is^2; +xs1=(zs1^2-Rs1^2)^(1/2); +R1=Rs1/2; +R2=R1/a^2; +x1=xs1/2; +x2=x1/a^2; +to=acosd(Po/(Io*vO)); +io=Io*(cos(to)-%i*sin(to)); +E2=vO-io*(R2+%i*x2); +Pc2=Po-(Io^2)*R2; +Rc2=E2^2/Pc2; +Ic2=E2/Rc2; +Im2=(Io^2-Ic2^2)^(1/2); +xm2=abs(E2)/Im2; +xm1=a^2*xm2; +Rc1=a^2*Rc2; + +printf('The parameters are R1=%f xm1=%f Rc1=%f X1=%f in ohms',R1,xm1,Rc1,x1) diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..841a2cda7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..574dd211b --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.15 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +Q=10; //power rating in kvA +v1=440; //primary voltage of transformer in v +v2=110; //secondary voltage of transformer in v +va1=550; //primary voltage of autotransformer in v +va2=440; //primary voltage of autotransformer in v + +I1=Q*10^3/v2; +Ia1=Q*10^3/va2; +I2=I1+Ia1; +a2=va1/va2; +pa=va2*I2; +pi=(a2-1)*pa/a2; +pc=pa/a2; + +printf('The value of pi=%f pc=%f in VA',pi,pc) diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f16a904e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e77965ecd --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.16 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +Q=10; +v1=440; +v2=110; +va2=550; +va1=440; + +I2=Q*10^3/v2; +Qa=va2*I2; +Qc=va1*I2; +Qi=Qa-Qc; + +printf('The power transferred inductively and conductively is Qc=%f Qi=%f in VA',Qc,Qi) diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a3b4ef33 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8c10b3ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 3.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+a=5; //turns ratio
+Z=10; //load on transformer
+
+z1=(a^2)*Z;
+
+printf('The impedance at primary is %d ohms',z1)
diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..06a813337 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..666a30429 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.4 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +v1=220;v2=110; //voltages of primary and secondary windings res. +Q=10; //reactive power at KVA +R1=.25;R2=.06; //voltages of primary and secondary windings res. + +a=v1/v2; +I1=(Q*10^3)/v1; +I2=a*I1; +R21=(a^2)*R2; +Rp=R1+(a^2)*R2; +R12=R1/(a^2); +Rs=R1/(a^2)+R2; + +printf('the turns ratio is %d\n',a); +printf('total resistance reffered to primary is %f ohms\n',Rp); +printf('total resistance referred to secondary is %f ohms',Rs) diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d5445e64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4ab397b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.5 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + + +v1=220;v2=110; //voltages of primary and secondary windings res. +Q=10; //reactive power at KVA +R1=.25;R2=.06; //voltages of primary and secondary windings res. + +a=v1/v2; +I1=(Q*10^3)/v1; +I2=a*I1; +L1=(I1^2)*R1; +L2=(I2^2)*R2; +T=L1+L2; //total I^2*R loss + +R21=(a^2)*R2; +Rp=R1+(a^2)*R2; +L=(I1^2)*Rp; //loss due to resistance referred to primary + +printf('total I^2*R loss %f\n',T); +printf('loss due to resistance referred to primary is %f\n',L) +printf('Hence proved') diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.png b/3890/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..85e42690e --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.png diff --git a/3890/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3890/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2c3cf9e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 3.8 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +v1=2400; //primary voltage of transformer in v +v2=480; //secondary voltage of transformer in v +xm=400; //magnetising reactance in ohms +x1=.29; //primary leakage reactance in ohms +x2=.012; //secondary leakage reactance in ohms +R1=.058; //primary resistance in ohms +R2=.002; //secondary resistance in ohms + +a=v1/v2; +k=xm/(xm+x1); +z10=R1+%i*(x1+xm); +z20=R2+%i*(x2+(xm/(a^2))); +z=(z10*z20)^(1/2); +ad=(z10+k*z)/(z20+k*z); + +printf('the voltage transformation ratio is %f',ad) diff --git a/3890/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.png b/3890/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..337532889 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.png diff --git a/3890/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3890/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..430158bf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 4.4 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +n1=24; //no of turns per phase +m=3; //no of phases +P=4;//no of poles +s=36; //no of slots +t=9; //pole pitch +B=8; //coil span + +q=s/(m*P); //no of slots per poles per phase +a=180/(m*q); //slot angle +kd=sind(q*a/2)/(q*sind(a/2)); //distribution factor +kp=sin(%pi*B/(2*t)); +kw=kd*kp; +//assume for rotor we have kw2=1;n2=2;m2=7 +kw2=1;n2=2;m2=7; + +R2=((m/m2)*(kw*n1/(kw2*n2))^2); +disp(R2,'the required factor is') + diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.png b/3890/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..093cfc53e --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.png diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3890/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2fc77c29 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 5.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Q=2500; //power in KVA
+v=6600; //3phase voltage in v
+pf=-0.8; //power factor
+Xs=10.4; //syncronous reactance in ohm
+ra=0.071; //armature resistance in ohm
+
+
+th=acosd(pf);
+vt=v/(3^(1/2));
+Ia=Q*10^3/((3^(1/2))*v);
+t=cosd(th)-%i*sind(th);
+Iad=Ia*t;
+v1=Iad*Xs;
+v0=vt+%i*v1;
+Reg=(abs(v0)-vt)/vt*100;
+
+printf('The regulation is %f ',Reg)
diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.png b/3890/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..374743351 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.png diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3890/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c41de337 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 5.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Q=2500; //power in KVA
+v=6600; //3phase voltage in v
+pf=0.8; //power factor
+Xs=10.4; //syncronous reactance in ohm
+ra=0.071; //armature resistance in ohm
+
+th=acosd(pf);
+vt=v/(3^(1/2));
+Ia=Q*10^3/((3^(1/2))*v);
+t=cosd(th)+%i*sind(th);
+Iad=Ia*t;
+v1=Iad*Xs;
+v0=vt+%i*v1;
+Reg=(abs(v0)-vt)/vt*100;
+
+printf('The regulation is %f ',Reg)
+
+
diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.png b/3890/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a4890813 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.png diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3890/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e80d8332f --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 5.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+I=50; //current in A
+pf=0.707; //power factor
+v=220; //voltage in v
+xs=1.27; //synchronous reactance/phase in ohm
+pm=33*10^3; //power developed by the motor in w
+pa=30; //power angle
+phia=30; //phase angle
+
+v1=220/3^(1/2);
+pd=(pm*10^3)/3;
+v0=(pd*xs)/(v1*sin(pa));
+Ia=v1/xs;
+kvar=3^(1/2)*v*Ia*sind(phia)/10^3;
+Il=I-Ia;
+Phi=atan(.122);
+Pfn=cos(Phi);
+
+printf('KVAR is %f\n',kvar)
+printf('power factor of the motor is %f',Pfn)
diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.png b/3890/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab19649a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.png diff --git a/3890/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3890/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f62171d85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 5.5 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +Q=20; //power in KVA +v=220; //voltage in v +pf=0.707; //lagging power factor +Ra=0.5; //armature resistance in ohms +xd=4; //d-axis reactance in ohms +xq=2; //q-axis reactance in ohms + +vt=v/3^(1/2); +Ia=Q*10^3/(3^(1/2)*v); +phi=acosd(pf); +td=(Ia*xq*cosd(phi))/(vt+Ia*xq*sind(phi)); +d=atand(td); +Id=Ia*sind(phi+d); +v1=Id*xd; +v0=vt*cosd(d)+Id*xd; +reg=(v0-vt)*100/vt; + +printf('The percentage regulation is %f in percentage',reg) + + diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d93f1c654 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 6.1 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +N=1750; //speed of the machine in rpm +Z=728; //no of conductors +f=25*10^(-3); //flux per pole + +E=f*N*Z/60; //since P=A + +printf('the voltage induced is %f V',E) diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae48d27e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..008c2ee05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a4ce1cf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 6.10
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+v=230; //supply voltage in v
+I1=80; //line current in A
+N1=750; //speed at I1 in rpm
+n=15; //number of turns per pole
+Rf=0.11; //field resistance in ohm
+Ra=0.14; //armature resistance in ohms
+I2=20; //line current in A
+
+E1=v-I1*(Rf+Ra);
+E2=v-I2*(Rf+Ra);
+At1=n*I1;
+At2=n*I2;
+phi1=4.3*10^3;phi2=1.4*10^3; //from Appendix 3 in wb
+N2=N1*E2*phi1/(E1*phi2);
+
+printf('The motor speed at I2 is %f rpm',N2)
+
diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a4fe18dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f642ee36c --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 6.11
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+p=25*10^3; //power rating in w
+E=230; //generated voltage in v
+N=1200; //speed in rpm
+Ra=0.12; //armature resistance in ohm
+Rf=100; //field resistance in ohm
+Pme=300; //machanical loss in W
+pml=200; //magnetic loss in w
+At1=2500; //ampere turns per pole
+At2=1500; //ampere turns per pole
+va=200; //voltage in V
+nf=1000; //number of turns in field winding
+
+Ia=p/va;
+V=E-Ia*Ra;
+Pout=V*Ia;
+Pa=Ia^2*Ra;
+If=At1/nf;
+Pf=If^2*Rf;
+pin=Pout+Pa+Pf+Pme+pml;
+Eff=Pout/pin;
+N1=(N*2*3.14)/60; //speed in rad/s
+Tin=(pin-Pf)/N1;
+Vreg=(E-V)*100/V;
+
+printf('armature terminal voltage is %f V\n',V)
+printf('Effeciency is %f\n',Eff)
+printf('Input torque is %f Nm\n',Tin)
+printf('Voltage regulation is %f in percentage',Vreg)
diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..57b173b41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f63b0362f --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 6.12
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+At1=2000; //amper eturns per pole
+Va=250; //armature voltage in v
+Ia=100; //armature current in A
+Ra=0.12; //armature resistance in ohm
+N=1200; //speed in rpm
+
+E=Va-Ia*Ra;
+E1=212; //from graph 6.41
+N1=N*E/E1;
+n1=N1*2*3.14/60;
+T=E*Ia/n1;
+
+printf('The motor speed is %f rpm[%f rad/s]\n',N1,n1);
+printf('the torque is %f Nm',T)
diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ebd2596a --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3aee1ad31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 6.13
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+At1=2000; //amper eturns per pole
+Va=250; //armature voltage in v
+Ia=100; //armature current in A
+Ra=0.12; //armature resistance in ohm
+N=1200; //speed in rpm
+Atloss=250; //due to demagnetising effect
+
+Atnew=At1-Atloss;
+E=Va-Ia*Ra;
+E1=202; //from graph 6.41 at Atnew
+N1=N*E/E1;
+n1=N1*2*3.14/60;
+T=E*Ia/n1;
+
+
+printf('The motor speed is %f rpm[%f rad/s]\n',N1,n1);
+printf('the torque is %f Nm',T)
diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..bad53db39 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a86a9473 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 6.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+z=576; //no of conductors
+Ia=123.5; //armature current in A
+f=20*10^-3; //flux in wb
+
+Te=z*f*Ia/(2*3.14);
+
+printf('The electro magnetic torque required is %f Nm',Te)
diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..94710b3b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fbbbb85c --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:TataMcgraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 6.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+z=576; //no of conductors
+Ia=123.5; //armature current in A
+f=20*10^-3; //flux in wb
+w=150; //angular velocity in rad/s
+
+Te=z*f*Ia/(2*3.14);
+E=Te*w/Ia;
+
+printf('The induced emf is %f V',E)
diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5b01a609 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 6.4 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +V=250; //supply voltage +Ra=.25; //armature resistance +Rf=125; //field resistance +Il0=5;n1=1200; //no load current and speed +Il1=52; //full load current at certain load + +If=V/Rf; +Ia0=Il0-If; +E1=V-Ia0*Ra; +Ia1=Il1-If; +E2=V-Ia1*Ra; + +n2=E2*n1/E1; + +printf('The full load speed is %d rpm',n2) diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..73c460fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bfcfeb01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a75033e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 6.6 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +P=50*10^3; +V=250; +Ra=.06; +Rf=125; +Vd=2; +Rse=0.04; + +I=P/V; +V1=I*Rse; +Vf=V+V1; +If=Vf/Rf; +Ia=I+If; +Va=Ia*Ra; +E=V+Va+V1+Vd; + +printf('The terminal voltage is %f V\n',Va); +printf('the induced emf is %f V',E); diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.7/EX6_7.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.7/EX6_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ce346be3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.7/EX6_7.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bd8d007d --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 6.7 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +V=230; //supply voltage in v +Ra=.05; //armature resistance in ohms +Rf1=75; //field resistance in no load in ohms +Rf2=100; //field resistance in on load condition in ohms +I1=7;N1=1120; //no load current and speed +I2=46; //on load current in A + +If=V/Rf1; +Ia1=I1-If; +K=(V-Ia1*Ra)/(N1*If); +Ia2=I2-If; +N=(V-Ia2*Ra)/(If*K); + +If1=V/Rf2; +Ia0=I2-If1; +n=(V-Ia0*Ra)/(If1*K); + +printf('the motor speed at line current of 46 A is %f rpm\n',N) +printf('the new motor speed is %f rpm',n) diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.png b/3890/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b5e8da02 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.png diff --git a/3890/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3890/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ca42e251 --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar
+//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill
+//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7
+//Example 6.8
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+V=230; //supply voltage in v
+Ra=.05; //armature resistance in ohms
+Rf1=75; //field resistance in no load in ohms
+Rf2=100; //field resistance in on load condition in ohms
+I1=7;N1=1120; //no load current and speed
+I2=46; //on load current in A
+Ra2=0.15 //armature resistance at on load condition in ohms
+
+If=V/Rf1;
+Ia1=I1-If;
+K=(V-Ia1*Ra)/(N1*If);
+Ia2=I2-If;
+N=(V-Ia2*Ra)/(If*K);
+
+If1=V/Rf1;
+Ia0=I2-If1;
+n=(V-Ia2*Ra2)/(If1*K);
+pl=(Ia0^2)*0.1;
+
+printf('speed of the motor is %d rpm\n',n)
+printf('power dissipated in 0.1 ohm resistor is %f W',pl)
diff --git a/3890/CH8/EX8.5/EX8_5.sce b/3890/CH8/EX8.5/EX8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1eea1e8c --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH8/EX8.5/EX8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric machines and power systems by Syed A Nasar +//Publisher:Tata McGraw Hill +//Year: 2002 ; Edition - 7 +//Example 8.5 +//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows + +clc; +clear; + +v=96; +L=50*10^(-3); +C=80*10^(-6); +R=40; + +D=R/(2*L); +w=1/(L*C)^(1/2); +wr=(w^2-D^2)^(1/2); +t=%pi/wr; + +printf('the thyristor will turned off at %f*10^3 ms',t ) + + diff --git a/3890/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.png b/3890/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..295f2743a --- /dev/null +++ b/3890/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.png diff --git a/40/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/40/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b6720b1f --- /dev/null +++ b/40/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/50/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/50/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0c6fc0f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/50/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/548/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/548/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f289b0ca5 --- /dev/null +++ b/548/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/575/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/575/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7222d9694 --- /dev/null +++ b/575/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/75/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/75/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ade00e43 --- /dev/null +++ b/75/DEPENDENCIES/.png diff --git a/800/DEPENDENCIES/.png b/800/DEPENDENCIES/.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7595478f --- /dev/null +++ b/800/DEPENDENCIES/.png |
