From 866b6e408c00566fdad029908c8384e26da7889f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: prashantsinalkar Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2019 12:39:44 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 3909/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce | 22 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce | 10 ++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce | 22 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce | 21 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce | 9 +++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.25/Ex3_25.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.26/Ex3_26.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.27/Ex3_27.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.28/Ex3_28.sce | 22 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.29/Ex3_29.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.30/Ex3_30.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.32/Ex3_32.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.33/Ex3_33.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.34/Ex3_34.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.35/Ex3_35.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.36/Ex3_36.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.37/Ex3_37.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.38/Ex3_38.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.39/Ex3_39.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.40/Ex3_40.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.41/Ex3_41.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.42/Ex3_42.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.43/Ex3_43.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.29/Ex4_29.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.30/Ex4_30.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce | 21 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.38/Ex5_38.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.39/Ex5_39.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.40/Ex5_40.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.41/Ex5_41.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.42/Ex5_42.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.30/Ex6_30.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.31/Ex6_31.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.32/Ex6_32.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.33/Ex6_33.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.35/Ex6_35.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.36/Ex6_36.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.37/Ex6_37.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.38/Ex6_38.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.39/Ex6_39.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.40/Ex6_40.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.41/Ex6_41.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.42/Ex6_42.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.43/Ex6_43.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.45/Ex6_45.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.46/Ex6_46.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.47/Ex6_47.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.49/Ex6_49.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.50/Ex6_50.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.53/Ex6_53.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.56/Ex6_56.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.59/Ex6_59.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce | 21 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3909/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 225 files changed, 3626 insertions(+) create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce create mode 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3909/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce create mode 100644 3909/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a0ac452a --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.1 +//calculation of position of zero order and twentieth order fringe +//given data +lambda=6000; //wavelength (in Armstrong) of light +lambda1=5000; //new wavelength (in Armstrong) of light +n=10; //order of maxima +n1=20; //order of maxima +D=1; //assuming D=1 for simplicity of calculation +d=1; //assuming d=1 for simplicity of calculation +y0=12.34; //position of zero order maxima +y10=14.73; //position of tenth order maxima +//calculation +y_bn=y10-y0; //difference between position of tenth order maxima and zero order maxima (in mm) +y_bn_dash=y_bn*(n1*lambda1*(D/d))/(n*lambda*(D/d)); //position of central bright fringe (in mm) +y0_dash=y0; //position (in mm) of zero order fringe +y_b20_dash=y0_dash+y_bn_dash; //position (in mm) of twentieth order fringe +printf('\nposition of zero order fringe is %0.2f mm',y0_dash) +printf('\nposition of twentieth order fringe is %0.2f mm',y_b20_dash) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a920d23f --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.10 +//calculation of depth of scratches +//given data +lambda=5350*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +//calculation +t=4/10*lambda/2; //depth (in m) of scratches +printf("\ndepth of scratches is %0.1f micrometer",t*10^6) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0af56c2c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.11 +//calculation of thickness of film +//given data +lambda1=6.1*10^-5; //wavelength (in cm) of light +lambda2=6*10^-5; //wavelength (in cm) of light +mu=4/3; //refractive index for film +i=asin(4/5); //angle of incidence +//calculation +t=(lambda1*lambda2)/(lambda1-lambda2)*1/(2*sqrt(mu^2-sin(i)^2)) +printf('\nthickness of film is %0.4f cm',t) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffbff3c6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.12 +//calculation of wavelengths which will be in visible region (4000 Armstrong-8000 Armstrong) +//given data +t=5*10^-7; //thickness (in m) of film of soapy water +mu=1.33; //refractive index of soapy water +r=0; //angle (in degrees) at which white light falls on a film of soapy water +n1=1; //1st order +n2=2; //2nd order +n3=3; //3rd order +n4=4; //4th order +//calculation +lambda1=(2*mu*t*cosd(r))/(n1-1/2); //wavelength (in m) of light in 1st order +lambda2=(2*mu*t*cosd(r))/(n2-1/2); //wavelength (in m) of light in 2nd order +lambda3=(2*mu*t*cosd(r))/(n3-1/2); //wavelength (in m) of light in 3rd order +lambda4=(2*mu*t*cosd(r))/(n4-1/2); //wavelength (in m) of light in 4th order +printf("\nwavelength of light in 1st order is %d Armstrong",lambda1*10^10) +printf("\nwavelength of light in 2nd order is %d Armstrong",lambda2*10^10) +printf("\nwavelength of light in 3rd order is %d Armstrong",lambda3*10^10) +printf("\nwavelength of light in 4th order is %d Armstrong",lambda4*10^10) +printf("\namongst these, the wavelength which falls in the visible region (4000-8000)Armstrong is 5319 Armstrong") +//the second and third wavelength vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..caeeef61b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.15 +//calculation of wavelength of light +//given data +del_h=2.2*10^-6; //distance (in m) raised by the lens +n_dash=15; //fifteenth bright ring +n=7; //seventh bright ring +//calculation +lambda=(2*del_h)/(n_dash-n); //wavelength (in m) of light +printf("\nwavelength of light used is %d Armstrong",lambda*10^10) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..badbd5f3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.16 +//calculation of new radius of ring when lens is raised +//given data +R=40; //radius of curvature of lens (in cm) +r_dn=2.5; //radius of ring (in mm) +del_h=5.0; //distance of lens raised from plate (in micrometer) +//calculation +r_d1n=sqrt(r_dn^2-2*del_h*10^-3*R*10^1); //new radius of ring (in mm) +disp(r_d1n,'new radius (in mm) of ring when lens is raised is') diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6d07994c --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.17 +//calculation of radius of curvature of lens and thickness of air film at the ring +//given data +lambda=5.9*10^-5; //wavelength of light (in cm) +D_d10=0.50; //diameter of tenth ring (in cm) +n=10; //number of dark ting +//calculation +R=(D_d10^2)/(4*n*lambda); //radius of curvature of lens (in cm) +t_dn=(n*lambda)/2; //thickness of the air film at the lens (in cm) +printf('\nradius of curvature of lens is %0.1f cm',R) +printf('\nthickness of film at the ring is %1.2e cm',t_dn) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ddf9c8d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.18 +//calculation of the order of the dark ring which will have double the diameter of that of the 20th dark ring +D_nsq=1; //assuming the square of the diameter of nth ring to be 1 for simplicity of calculation +D_20sq=(D_nsq)/4; //given that nth dark ring which will have double the diameter of that of the 20th dark ring (D_20sq is square of the diameter of 20th ring and D_nsq is square of the diameter of nth ring) +n_20=20; //order of the 20th ring +//from the formula D_n=sqrt(4*n*lambda*R), D_nsq is directly proportional to n +n=n_20*(D_nsq)/(D_20sq); //order of the dark ring which will have double the diameter of that of the 20th dark ring +printf("\norder of the dark ring which will have double the diameter of that of the 20th dark ring is %d",n) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..246e76924 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.19 +//calculation of n and diameter of the ring +//given data +lambda1=6560; //first wavelength of light (in Armstrong) +lambda2=5248; //second wavelength of light (in Armstrong) +R=0.8; //radius of curvature (in m) +//calculation +n=lambda2/(lambda1-lambda2); //number of dark ring +D_n=sqrt(4*n*lambda1*10^-10*R); //diameter of the ring (in m) +disp(n,'n is') +printf("\ndiameter of ring is %0.3f mm",D_n*10^3) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..803285074 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.2 +//calculation of wavelength of light used in Fresnel's biprism experiment +//given data +W=0.196; //fringe width (in mm) +D=1.00*10^3; //distance from the slit(in mm) +//in the codes below, Dn+m is considered as D_n1 +d1=6.00; //separation between images when convex lens was placed at one place between biprism and eye piece (in mm) +d2=1.5; //separation between images when convex lens was placed at another place between biprism and eye piece (in mm) +//calculation +d=sqrt(d1*d2); //actual separation (in mm) +format (16) +lambda=(W*d)/D; //wavelength (in mm) of light +disp(lambda*10^7,'wavelength (in Armstrong) of light is') diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b531c1748 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.20 +//calculation of diameter of 25th and 37th bright rings and wavelength of light +//given data +D_n=0.314; //diameter of 5th bright ring (in cm) +D_n1=0.584; //diameter of 16th bright ring (in cm) +R=120; //radius of curvature (in cm) +n=5; //number of bright ring +n1=16; //number of bright ring +n2=25; //number of bright ring +n3=37; //number of bright ring +//calculation +m=n1-n; //difference between the number of bright rings +lambda=(D_n1^2-D_n^2)/(4*m*R); //wavelength of light used (in cm) +r_b25=sqrt((n2-1/2)*lambda*R); //diameter of 25th ring (in cm) +r_b37=sqrt((n3-1/2)*lambda*R); //diameter of 37th ring (in cm) +printf('\nwavelength of light used is %0.2f Armstrong',lambda*10^8) +printf('\ndiameter of 25th ring is %0.2f mm',r_b25*10) +printf('\ndiameter of 37th ring is %0.2f mm',r_b37*10) +//answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bac5a4f63 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.21 +//calculation of wavelength of light used +//given data +D15=0.59; //diameter of 15th ring (in cm) +D5=0.336; //diameter of 5th ring (in cm) +R=100; //radius of curvature (in cm) +n=15; //fifteenth ring +n1=5; //fifth ring +//calculation +m=n-n1; //difference between the number of rings +lambda=(D15^2-D5^2)/(4*R*m); //wavelength of light used (in cm) +printf('\nwavelength of light is %d Armstrong',lambda*10^8) +//answer varies due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6c85f0cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.22 +//calculation of diameter of 20th ring and order of dark ring when thickness is equal to wavelength +//given data +n=4; //fourth ring +n1=12; //seventh ring +D_n=0.4; //diameter (in cm) of 4th ring +D_n1=0.7; //diameter (in cm) of 12th ring +t_n=1; //assuming thickness to be 1 for simplicity of calculation +lambda=1; //assuming wavelength to be 1 for simplicity of calculation +//calculation +m=n1-n; //difference between the number of rings +lambdaR=(D_n1^2-D_n^2)/(4*m); // for simplicity of calculation lamnbda*R is taken as one variable +n2=20; //twentieth ring +D_20d=sqrt(4*n2*lambdaR); //diameter (in cm) of twentieth ring +n=(2*t_n)/lambda; //order of dark ring when thickness is equal to wavelength +printf('\ndiameter of twentieth ring is %0.2f cm',D_20d) +printf('\norder of dark ring is %d',n) +//answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5f8fa9b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.23 +//calculation of wavelength of light used +//given data +D_n=4.2*10^-3; //diameter of nth dark ring (in m) +D_n_plus_10=7.0*10^-3; //diameter of (n+10)th dark ring (in m) +R=2; //radius of curvature (in m) +//calculation +m=10; +lambda=((D_n_plus_10^2)-(D_n^2))/(4*m*R); //wavelength of light used (in m) +disp(lambda*10^10,'Wavelength of light (in Armstrong) used is') diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4c0849ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.24 +//calculation of radius of curvature of lens +//given data +lambda=5*10^-7; //wavelength of light (in m) +D_10d=0.5*10^-2; //diameter of 10th dark ring (in m) +n=10; //number of dark ring +//calculation +R=D_10d^2/(4*n*lambda); //radius of curvature (in m) +disp(R,'radius of curvature (in m) is') diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3389d0f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.25 +//calculation of refractive index of a liquid +//given data +lambda=5890; //wavelength of reflected light (in Armstrong) +n=5; //number of dark ring +D_n=0.32; //diameter of 5th ring (in cm) +R=1.20; //radius of curvature (in m) +//calculation +mu=(4*n*lambda*10^-10*R)/(D_n*10^-2)^2; //refractive index of the liquid +printf("\nrefractive index of the liquid is %0.2f",mu) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1db8d2008 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.26 +//calculation of diameter of nth ring +//given data +lambda1=6000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) +lambda2=4500*10^-10; //another wavelength (in m) +R=0.9; //radius of curvature (in m) +//calculation +n=4*lambda2*R/(4*lambda1*R-4*lambda2*R); //order of ring +D=sqrt(4*n*lambda1*R); //diameter (in m) of nth ring +printf('\ndiameter of nth ring is %0.4f cm',D*10^2) +//The answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fabaad5b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.27 +//calculation of distance between 10th and 20th rings +//given data +R1=1.0; //radius of curvature (in m) +R2=1.0; //another radius of curvature (in m) +lambda=600*10^-9; //wavelength of light (in m) +n=10; //order of ring +n_dash=20; //order of ring +//calculation +r10=sqrt((n*lambda*R1*R2)/(R1+R2)); //radius (in m) of 10th ring +r20=sqrt((n_dash*lambda*R1*R2)/(R1+R2)); //radius (in m) of 20th ring +d=r20-r10; //difference between 10th and 20th rings (in m) +printf('\ndifference between 10th and 20th rings is %0.3f mm',d*10^3) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1f56a2c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.29 +//calculation of diameter of nth dark ring +//given data +lambda1=6000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +lambda2=5000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +R=0.90; //radius of curvature (in m) +//calculation +n=(lambda2*R)/((lambda1-lambda2)*R); //order of dark ring +D_n=sqrt(4*n*lambda1*R); //diameter (in m) of nth ring +printf("\nThe diameter of nth ring is %0.3f mm",D_n*10^3) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca8124dcb --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.3 +//calculation of (i)separation of the coherent slit images (ii) fringe width +//given data +lambda=5893*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) +mu=1.50; //refractive index of biprism +alpha1=1.04; //refracting angle (in degrees) +alpha2=1.23; //refracting angle (in degrees) +b=56.1; //distance (in cm) of focal planes of eyepiece from the biprism +a=12.4; //distance (in cm) from slit to the biprism +//calculation +d=a*(mu-1)*(alpha1+alpha2)/180*3.14; //separation of coherent slit images(in cm) +D=(a+b); //distance from slit(in cm) +W=(lambda*D*10^-2)/(d*10^-2); //fringe width (in m) +printf("\nseparation of coherent slit images is %0.4f cm",d) +printf("\nfringe width is %0.4f mm",W*10^3) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..973d2626b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.31 +//calculation of difference of squares of diameters of successive rings if (a) wavelength of light is changed to 4.5*10^-5 cm (b)liquid of refractive index 1.33 is introduced between the lens and the plate (c) the plane glass plate is replaced by a planocomcave lens of radius of curvature twice that of the planoconvex lens (d) the plane glass plate is replaced by planoconvex lens identical to one and put on the top of it +//given data +lambda1=6*10^-5; //wavelength (in cm) of light +lambda2=4.5*10^-5; //new wavelength (in cm) of light +D1sq_minus_D2sq=0.125; //difference of squares of diameters (in cm^2) +mu_liq=1.33; //refractive index of liquid +mu=1; //refractive index of air +m=1; //difference between the number of rings +//calculation +//in the codes, Dn+m is considered as D1 and Dn as D2 +lambda4R=(D1sq_minus_D2sq*mu)/m; //assuming lambda4R as one variable for simplicity of calculation +D1sq_dash_minus_D2sq_dash_lambda2=D1sq_minus_D2sq*lambda2/lambda1; //difference of squares of diameters of successive rings if wavelength of light is changed (in cm^2) +D1sq_minus_D2sq_liquid=D1sq_minus_D2sq/mu_liq; //difference of squares of diameters of successive rings if liquid of refractive index is introduced (in cm^2) +D1sq_dash_minus_D2sq_dash_R=2*lambda4R; //difference of squares of diameters of successive rings if radius of curvature becomes twice (in cm^2) +D1sq_dash_minus_D2sq_dash_t=1/2*(lambda4R); //difference of squares of diameters of successive rings when thickness is changed (in cm^2) +printf("\n(a)difference of squares of diameters of successive rings if wavelength of light is changed is %0.3f cm^2",D1sq_dash_minus_D2sq_dash_lambda2) +printf("\n(b)difference of squares of diameters of successive rings if liquid of refractive index is introduced is %0.3f cm^2",D1sq_minus_D2sq_liquid) +printf("\n(c)difference of squares of diameters of successive rings if radius of curvature becomes twice is %0.3f cm^2",D1sq_dash_minus_D2sq_dash_R) +printf("\n(d)difference of squares of diameters of successive rings when thickness is changed is %0.4f cm^2",D1sq_dash_minus_D2sq_dash_t) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfd1d9660 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.32 +//calculation of number of bright fringes +//given data +lambda=589.00; //wavelength (in nm) of yellow light +x=1.0000; //distance (in cm) moved by the mirror +//calculation +n=round((2*x*10^-2)/(lambda*10^-9)); //number of bright fringes +printf("\nthe number of bright bringes are %d",n) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4ad5a17e --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.33 +//calculation of change in path length +//given data +lambda=5000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +n=50; //number of fringes +//calculation +x=(n*lambda)/2; //change in path length (in m) +printf("\nchnge in path length is %1.4f mm",x*10^3) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c0bdb43e --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.34 +//calculation of (i)angular radius of 10th bright fringe (ii) change of pathlength +//given data +m=10; //tenth bright fringe +lambda=5000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +d=2.5*10^-3; //difference in the pathlengths (in m) +n=60; //number of fringes +//calculation +theta=acosd(1-(lambda*(m-1))/(2*d)); //angular radius (in degrees) +del_d=n/2*lambda; //change of pathlength (in m) +printf("\n(i)angular radius is %0.2f degrees",theta) +printf("\n(ii)change of pathlengh is %0.3f mm",del_d*10^3) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b1bcbe7c --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.35 +//calculation of difference between wavelengths +//given data +x=0.02945*10^-3; //distance (in m) moved by mirror +lambda=5893*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +//calculation +del_lambda=lambda^2/(2*x); //difference between wavelengths (in m) +printf("\ndifference between wavelengths is %1.2f Armstrong",del_lambda*10^10) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25507414c --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.36 +//calculaton of wavelength of light +//given data +x=0.0589*10^-3; //distance (in m) moved by the mirror +n=200; //number of fringes +//calculation +lambda=(2*x)/n; //wavelength (in m) of light +printf("\nwavelength of light is %d nm",lambda*10^9) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6ea00994 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.37 +//calculation of angular diameter of tenth bright fringe +//given data +m=10; //tenth bright fringe +lambda=5896*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of length +d=3*10^-3; //difference between path lengths +//calculation +theta=acosd(1-(lambda*(m-1))/(2*d)); //angular radius (in degrees) +twice_theta=2*theta; //angular diameter (in degrees) +printf("\nangular diameter is %0.2f degrees",twice_theta) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..020c7ea77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.38 +//calculation of pressure within the tube +//given data +l=5*10^-2; //length (in m) of tube +lambda=589.3*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) of sodium light +n=10; //number of fringes +//calculation +//given that refractive index, mu=1+3*10^-4*p, where p is pressure in atm +//from the formula 2*(mu-1)*l=n*lambda +p=(n*lambda-1+1)/(2*l*3*10^-4); //pressure (in atm) within the tube (by replacing the value of mu by 1+3*10^-4*p) +printf("\npressure within the tube is %1.4f atm",p) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e12636cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.39 +//calculation of distance between successive positions of movable mirror +//given data +lambda1=5896*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +lambda2=5890*10^-10; //another wavelength (in m) of light +//calculation +del_lambda=lambda1-lambda2; //difference of wavelengths (in m) +d=(lambda1*lambda2)/(2*del_lambda); //distance between successive positions of movable mirror (in m) +printf("\ndistance between successive positions of movable mirror is %0.2f Armstrong",d*10^10) +//the answer provided in the book is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e8661745 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.40 +//calculation of distance to be moved by the mirror that fringes disappear +//given data +lambda1=4882*10^-10; //first wavelength (in m) of light +lambda2=4886*10^-10; //second wavelength (in m) of light +//calculation +lambda_av=(lambda1+lambda2)/2; //average wavelength (in m) +del_lambda=lambda2-lambda1; //difference of wavelength (in m) +d=lambda_av^2/(4*del_lambda); //distance (in m) to be moved by the mirror that fringes disappear +printf("\ndistance to be moved by the mirror that fringes disappear is %0.3f mm",d*10^3) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8264d2183 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.41 +//calculation of thickness of plate +//given data +mu=1.5; //refractive index of glass plate +n=100; //number of fringes +lambda=6328*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of laser +format(16) +t=(n*lambda)/(2*(mu-1)); //thickness (in m) of the plate +printf("\nthickness of the plate is %1.3e m",t) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fb04a19f --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.42 +//calculation of minimum thickness of a layer of cryolite and change in wavelength +//given data +mu=1.35; //refractive index of cryolite +lambda0=5940*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +n=1 +mu0=1; //refractive index of air +i=10; //angle of incidence (in degrees) +//calculation +t=(n*lambda0)/(2*mu); //minimum thickness of a layer of cryolite (in m) +lambda=lambda0*sqrt(1-(sind(i)^2)/mu^2); //transmitted wavelength (in m) +del_lambda=lambda0-lambda; //change in wavelength (in m) +printf("\nminimum thickness of a layer of cryolite is %d Armstrong",t*10^10) +printf("\nchange of wavelength is %d Armstrong",del_lambda*10^10) +//answer varies due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3eed02772 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.43 +//calculation of refractive index of second layer +//given data +mu_1=1.38; //refractive index of first layer +mu_air=1; //refractive index of air +mu_g=1.52; //refractive index of glass +//calculation +mu_2=mu_1*sqrt(mu_g/mu_air); //refractive index of second layer +printf("\nrefractive index of second layer is %0.2f",mu_2) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eee29d465 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.5 +//calculation of refractive index of the film material +//given data +t=6.3*10^-4*10^-2; //thickness of thin sheet of mica (in m) +lambda= 5460*10^-10; //wavelength of light (in m) +n=6; //sixth bright fringe +//calculation +mu=1+(n*lambda)/t; //refractive index of the film material +disp(mu,'refractive index of the film material is') diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..053ef0cd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.6 +//calculation of shift of fringe system +//given data +lambda=5893; //wavelength of sodium light +W=0.347; //fringe width (in mm) +tA=0.016; //thickness of sheet A (in mm) +tB=0.02; //thickness of sheet B (in mm) +muA=1.65; //refractive index of sheet A +muB=1.45; //refractive index of sheet B +//calculation +xA=(muA-1)*tA; //path difference introduced by film A (in mm) +xB=(muB-1)*tB; //path difference introduced by film B (in mm) +n=(xA-xB)/(lambda*10^-7); //number of fringe +s=n*W; //shift in fringe system (in mm) +printf("\nshift in fringe system is %0.3f mm",s) +if xA>xB then + disp("pattern will shift towards A") +else + disp("pattern will shift towards B") +end diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78a41a89d --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.7 +//calculation of thickness of a plate +//given data +lambda=6000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +mu=1.50; //refractive index of glss plate +n=6; //sixth bright fringe +//calculation +t=(n*lambda)/(mu-1); //thickness (in m) of the plate +printf("\nthickness of the plate is %1.4f mm",t*10^3) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ac4b7167 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.8 +//calculation of fringe width +//given data +lambda= 6000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of monochromatic light +L=0.15; //distance (in m) from the edge of the wedge +h=0.03*10^-3; //diameter of wire (in m) +mu=1; //refractive index of air +//calculation +W=(lambda*L)/h; //fringe width (in m) +printf('\nfringe width is %1.0e m',W) diff --git a/3909/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3909/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d6fadf01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 1.9 +//calculation of wavelength of light used +//given data +mu=1.4; //refractive index of wedge +theta=40; //angle of wedge (in seconds) +W=1.25*10^-3; //distance between successive fringes (in m) +//calculation +lambda=2*mu*(theta*3.14)/(3600*180)*W; //wavelength of light used (in m) +printf('\nwavelength of light used is %1.0e m',lambda) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..819e2efb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.10 +//calculation of thickness of a quarter wave plate +//given data +mu_o=1.553; //refractive index of ordinary light +mu_e=1.544; //refractive index of extraordinary light +lambda=5000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +//calculation +t_QWP=lambda/(4*(mu_o-mu_e)); //thickness (in m) of a quarter wave plate +printf("\nthickness of a quarter wave plate is %2.2f micrometre",t_QWP*10^6) +//the value of refractive index of extraordinary light is given different in the question than the calculation diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee75ba6d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.11 +//calculation of nature of retardation plate +//given data +t=8.56*10^-7; //thickness (in m) of calcite plate +lambda=5890*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +mu_o=1.658; //refractive index of extraordinary light +mu_e=1.486; //ordinary index of ordinary light +//calculation +delta_by_lambda=((mu_o-mu_e)*t)/lambda; //path difference +printf("\npath difference creted by plate is %1.1f",delta_by_lambda) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10b5251b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.12 +//calculation of wavelengths in visible region for which it will act as (i)QW plate (ii)HW plate +//given data +l=0.1436*10^-3; //thickness (in m) of plate +mu_o=1.5443; //refractive index of ordinary light +mu_e=1.5533; //refractive index of extraordinary light +n1=3 +n2=4 +n3=5 +n=2 +//calculation +//for QWP +lambda1=(4*l*(mu_e-mu_o))/(2*n1+1) +lambda2=(4*l*(mu_e-mu_o))/(2*n2+1) +lambda3=(4*l*(mu_e-mu_o))/(2*n3+1) +//for HWP +lambda=(2*l*(mu_e-mu_o))/(2*n+1) +printf("\n(a)visible wavelength when n=3 is %d Armstrong",lambda1*10^10) +printf("\n(a)visible wavelength when n=4 is %d Armstrong",lambda2*10^10) +printf("\n(a)visible wavelength when n=5 is %d Armstrong",lambda3*10^10) +printf("\n(b)visible wavelength when n=2 is %d Armstrong",lambda*10^10) +//the second part of answer (a) is given wrong in the textbook +//the third part of answer (a) varies due to round off error +//the answer (b) varies due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7669fa120 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.15 +//calculation of wavelengths in visible region for which it will act as (i)HW plate (ii)QW plate +//given data +l=0.25*10^-3; //thickness (in m) +mu_e_minus_mu_o=0.009; //difference between the refractive indices of ordinary and extraordinary light +n1=3 +n2=4 +n3=6 +n4=7 +n5=8 +n6=9 +//calculation +//for HWP +lambda1=(2*l*(mu_e_minus_mu_o))/(2*n1+1) +lambda2=(2*l*(mu_e_minus_mu_o))/(2*n2+1) +//for QWP +lambda3=(4*l*(mu_e_minus_mu_o))/(2*n3+1) +lambda4=(4*l*(mu_e_minus_mu_o))/(2*n4+1) +lambda5=(4*l*(mu_e_minus_mu_o))/(2*n5+1) +lambda6=(4*l*(mu_e_minus_mu_o))/(2*n6+1) +printf("\n(a)visible wavelength when n=3 is %d Armstrong",lambda1*10^10) +printf("\n(a)visible wavelength when n=4 is %d Armstrong",lambda2*10^10) +printf("\n(b)visible wavelength when n=6 is %d Armstrong",lambda3*10^10) +printf("\n(b)visible wavelength when n=7 is %d Armstrong",lambda4*10^10) +printf("\n(b)visible wavelength when n=8 is %d Armstrong",lambda5*10^10) +printf("\n(b)visible wavelength when n=9 is %d Armstrong",lambda6*10^10) +//the answer (b) when n=9 varies due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3dec87dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.16 +//calculation of thickness of a calcite plate which would convert plane polarized light into circularly polarized light +//given data +mu_o=1.658; //refractive index of o-ray +mu_e=1.486; //refractive index of e-ray +lambda=5890*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +//calculation +l_QWP=lambda/(4*(mu_o-mu_e)); //thickness (in m) of quarter wave plate +printf("\nthickness of a calcite plate which would convert plane polarized light into circularly polarized light is %1.3f micrometer or its odd multiple",l_QWP*10^6) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..140681e22 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.18 +//calculation of maximum thickness of the plate to (i)to experience only rotation of polarization plane (ii)to acquire circular polarization after passing through the plate +//given data +lambda=5890*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) +mu_e_minus_mu_o=0.009; //difference of refractive indices of quartz +n=1 +t=5*10^-4; //thickness (in m) +//calculation +twice_n_plus_1=round((t*2*mu_e_minus_mu_o)/lambda) +I_max=(twice_n_plus_1*lambda)/(2*mu_e_minus_mu_o) +twice_n_plus_one=(t*4*mu_e_minus_mu_o)/lambda +I_max_dash=(twice_n_plus_one*lambda)/(4*mu_e_minus_mu_o) +printf("\n(i)maximum thickness of the plate to experience only rotation of polarization plane is %1.2f mm",I_max*10^3) +printf("\n(ii)maximum thickness of the plate to experience only rotation of polarization plane is %1.2f mm",I_max_dash*10^3) +//the answer (ii) varies due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..325062f69 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.19 +//calculation of least thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam will be (i)plane polarized (ii)circularly polarized +//given data +mu_e=1.5533; //refractive index of extraordinary light +mu_o=1.5442; //refractive index of ordinary light +lambda=5000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +n=1; //taking 1st order +//calculation +t=((n+1/2)*lambda)/(mu_e-mu_o); //thickness (in m) of the plate for which the emergent beam will be plane polarized +t_QWP=lambda/(4*(mu_e-mu_o)); //thickness (in m) of the plate for which the emergent beam will be circularly polarized +printf("\n(i)thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam will be plane polarized is %2.1f micrometer or its odd multiple",t*10^6) +printf("\n(ii)thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam will be circularly polarized is %2.2f micrometer or its odd multiple",t_QWP*10^6) +//the first part of the answer is given wrong in the textbook +//the second part of the answer varies due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ca7c5322 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.20 +//calculation of minimum thickness of plate required to produce (i)zero outgoing intensity (ii)intensity of incident light +//given data +mu_0=1.658; //refractive index of ordinary light +mu_e=1.486; //refractive index of extra ordinary light +lambda=5893*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of sodium light +//calculation +l=lambda/(mu_0-mu_e); //minimum thickness (in m) of plate required to produce zero outgoing intensity +l_dash=lambda/(4*(mu_0-mu_e)); //minimum thickness (in m) of plate required to produce intensity of incident light +printf("\n(i)minimum thickness of plate required to produce zero outgoing intensity is %1.2f micrometre",l*10^6) +printf("\n(i)minimum thickness of plate required to produce intensity of incident light is %1.3f micrometre",l_dash*10^6) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68af039db --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.29 +//calculation of angle of rotation +//given data +l=2; //length of tube (in dm) +c=15/100; //concentration of water (in gm/cc) +S_T_lambda=66.5; //specific rotation of sugar (in (decimeter^-1)(gm/cc)^-1) +//calculation +theta=S_T_lambda*l*c; //optical rotation (in degrees) +printf("\noptical rotation is %2.2f degrees",theta) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a38f78ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.3 +//calculation of angle either sheet must be turned +//given data +I0=1; //assuming I0 to be 1 for simplicity of calculation +I=I0/2; //intensity is half the initial intensity +//calculation +theta=acosd(sqrt(I/I0)); //from Malus law, I=I0cos^2(theta) +theta1=acosd(-sqrt(I/I0)); //from Malus law, I=I0cos^2(theta) +printf("\nangle either sheet must be turned is %d degree",theta) +printf("\nor") +printf("\nangle either sheet must be turned is %d degree",theta1) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..638c9ed6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.30 +//calculation of concentration in a solution +//given data +//first case +theta=20; //rotation (in degrees) +l=1; //path length (in m) +c=20; //concentration of solution (in gm/litre) +//second case +theta_dash=33; //rotation (in degrees) +l_dash=0.5; //path length (in m) +//calculation +c_dash=(l*c*theta_dash)/(l_dash*theta); //concentration of solution (in gm/litre) +printf("\nconcentration of solution is %d gm/litre",c_dash) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6f8209af --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.31 +//calculation of strength of solution +//given data +S=66; //specific rotation (in dm/gm/lit) +theta=11; //angle of rotation of plane of polarization (in degrees) +l=2; //length (in m) +//calculation +c=theta/(S*l); //strength of solution (in gm/litre) +printf("\nstrength of solution is %0.3f gm/litre",c) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2df4cc474 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.32 +//calculation of optical rotation +//given data +l1=20; //length of a certain solution (in cm) +l2=30; //length of another solution (in cm) +l=30; //length of a mixture of both the solutions (in cm) +r1=+42; //right handed rotation (in degrees) +r2=-27; //left handed rotation (in degrees) +ratio1=1; //ratio of first solution +ratio2=2; //ratio of second solution +//calculation +theta1=r1/l1*l*ratio1/(ratio1+ratio2); //rotation of right handed solution +theta2=r2/l2*ratio2/(ratio1+ratio2)*l; //rotation of left handed solutioncal rotation is +theta=theta1+theta2; //total optical rotation +printf("\ntotal optical rotation is %d",theta) +if theta>0 then + disp("3 degree right handed rotation") +else + disp("3 degree left handed rotation") +end + diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d264d0eb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.33 +//calculation of strength of solution +//given data +theta=13; //optical rotation (in degrees) +S_T_lambda=65; //specific rotation (in degree/dm/(g/cc)) +l=2; //length (in cm) of tube of sugar solution +//calculation +c=theta/(S_T_lambda*l); //strength of solution (in gm/cc) +printf("\nstrength of solution is %1.1f gm/cc",c) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78cc17710 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.34 +//calculation of rotation of plane of polarization of light +//given data +lambda=7620*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +mu_R=1.53914; //refractive index for right handed polarized light +mu_L=1.53920; //refractive index for left handed polarized light +l=0.5*10^-3; //thickness (in m) of plate +//calculation +theta=%pi/lambda*l*(mu_L-mu_R)*180/%pi; //optical rotation (in degrees) +printf("\nrotation of plane of polarization of light is %1.1f degree",theta) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e1c84a32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.35 +//calculation of angle of rotation of hydrogen red and mercury blue +//given data +lambda_hr=6438; //wavelength (in m) of hydrogen red light +lambda_mb=4358; //wavelength (in m) of mercury blue light +S_6438=18.02; //specific rotation (in deg/mm) of hydrogen red light +S_4358=41.55; //specific rotation (in deg/mm) of mercury blue light +S_5893=21.72; //specific rotation (in deg/mm) of sodium yellow light +pi=180; //value of pi (in degrees) +//calculation +theta_5893=pi/2; //angle of rotation (in degrees) of sodium yellow light +l=theta_5893/S_5893; //path length (in mm) +theta_6438=S_6438*l; //angle of rotation (in degrees) of hydrogen red light +theta_4358=S_4358*l; //angle of rotation (in degrees) of mercury blue light +printf("\nangle of rotation of hydrogen red light is %0.1f degrees",theta_6438) +printf("\nangle of rotation of mercury blue light is %0.1f degrees",theta_4358) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26fa70349 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.36 +//calculation of thickness of plate +//given data +theta=90; //rotation (in degrees) of plane of vibration of plane polarized light +S=21.72; //specific rotation (in degree/mm) +//calculation +l=theta/S; //thickness (in mm) of plate +printf("\nthickness of plate is %0.2f mm",l) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd3b7a118 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.37 +//calculation of specific rotation for quartz yellow light +//given data +theta=90; //rotation (in degrees) +l=3.5; //thickness (in mm) of the plate +//calculation +S=theta/l; //specific rotation (in degree/mm) +printf("\nspecific rotation for quartz yellow light is %0.2f degree/mm",S) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a00cac97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.38 +//calculation of thickness of quartz +//given data +theta=90; //angle of rotation (in degrees) +S=18; //specific rotation (degree/mm) +//calculation +l=theta/S; //thickness (in mm) of quartz +printf("\nthickness of quartz is %d mm",l) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5249aa5b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.39 +//calculation of percentage of purity of sugar +//given data +S=68; //specific rotation (in degrees) of sugar +l=2; //length (in dm) of tube containing sugar solution +theta=10.2; //optical rotation (in degrees) +d=90; //amount of sugar dissolved (in gm) +//calculation +c=theta/(S*l)*1000; //concentration (in gm per litre) +p=c/d*100; //per cent purity +printf("\npercentage of purity of sugar is %2.2f percent",p) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..051d6269a --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.40 +//calculation of specific rotation +//given data +mu_L=1.54427; //refractive index for left handed polarization +mu_R=1.54420; //refractive index for right handed polarization +lambda=5893*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of sodium light +//calculation +pi=180; //value of pi (in degrees) +S=pi*(mu_L-mu_R)*10^-3/lambda; //specific rotation (in deg/mm) +printf("\nspecific rotation is %0.2f deg/mm",S) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a12be0715 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.41 +//calculation of specific rotation +//given data +muL_minus_muR=7*10^-5; //difference of refractive indices between left and right circular polarizations +lambda=6000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +pi=180; //value of pi (in degrees) +//calculation +S=pi/lambda*(muL_minus_muR)*10^-3; //specific rotation +printf("\nspecific rotation is %d deg/mm",S) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc6c00bee --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.6 +//calculation of degree of polarization +I0=1; //assuming maximum intensity to be 1 for simplicity of calculation +I=75/100; //intensity change +I_max=I0; //maximum intensity +I_min=I0-I*I0; //minimum intensity +D_p=(I_max-I_min)/(I_max+I_min); //degree of polarization +printf("\ndegree of polarization is %d percent",D_p*100) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7eb1d17ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.7 +//calculation of intensity of light emerging out of Nicol B +//given data +theta=30; //angle (in degrees) made by Nicol C with Nicol A +I0=32; //intensity (in W/m^2) of unpolarized light +//calculation +I_t=I0/8*(sind(2*theta)); //intensity (in W/m^2) of light emerging out of Nicol B +printf("\nintensity of light emerging out of Nicol B is %d W/m^2",I_t) diff --git a/3909/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3909/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..591a477d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 2.8 +//calculation of ratio of intensities of two beams +theta1=90-30; //rotation of B (in degrees) +theta2=90-60; //rotation of A (in degrees) +IA_by_IB=cosd(theta1)^2/cosd(theta2)^2; //ratio of intensities of two beams +printf("\nratio of intensities of two beams is %0.2f",IA_by_IB) diff --git a/3909/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3909/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22a548aa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 3.1 +//calculation of distances of the first dark band and the next bright band +//given data +lambda=4890*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +a=0.5*10^-2; //width (in m) of slit +f=40*10^-2; //focal length (in m) of lens +//calculation +y_1_d=lambda/a*f; //position of first dark band +y_1_b=3/2*lambda/a*f; //position of the first bright band next to dark +del_y=y_1_b-y_1_d; //distances of the first dark band and the next bright band +printf("\ndistances of the first dark band and the next bright band is %1.3e m",del_y) diff --git a/3909/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3909/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aba8f9da9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 3.10 +//(i)to show if white light source (4000 Armstrong to 7000 Armstrong) is used, the second and third order spectra overlap (ii) calculation of angular separation of D1 and D2 lines +//given data +N=15000; //number of lines per inch +dlambda=6000*10^-10; //average wavelength of light (in m) +lambda_v=4000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of violet light +lambda_r=7000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of red light +n=2; //D2 line +//calculation +a_plus_b=2.54/N*10^-2; //grating element (in m) +theta_2v=asind((2*lambda_v)/a_plus_b); //second order spectra of violet light +theta_2r=asind((2*lambda_r)/a_plus_b); //second order spectra of red light +theta_3v=asind((2*lambda_v)/a_plus_b); //second order spectra of violet light +format(16) +d=a_plus_b; +dtheta=(n*6*10^-10)/(sqrt(1-(n*dlambda/d)^2)*a_plus_b); //angular separation of D1 and D2 lines (in radians) +if theta_3vN_dash then + disp("the given lines are resolved") +else + disp("the given lines remain unresolved") +end diff --git a/3909/CH3/EX3.42/Ex3_42.sce b/3909/CH3/EX3.42/Ex3_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..638935fcd --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH3/EX3.42/Ex3_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 3.42 +//to check if spectral lines will be resolved +//given data +//in first order +lambda1=5140.34; //first wavelength of spectral line a plane diffraction just resolves (in Armstrong) +lambda2=5140.85; //second wavelength of spectral line a plane diffraction just resolves (in Armstrong) +//calculation +lambda=(lambda1+lambda2)/2; //average wavelength (in Armstrong) +d_lambda=lambda2-lambda1; //difference of wavelengths (in Armstrong) +N=lambda/d_lambda; //number of lines +//in second order +lambda_1=8037.2; //first wavelength (in Armstrong) +lambda_2=8037.50; //second wavelength (in Armstrong) +lambda_dash=(lambda_1+lambda_2)/2; //average wavelength (in Armstrong) +n=2; //order of grating +dlambda=lambda_2-lambda_1; //difference of wavelengths (in Armstrong) +N_dash=lambda_dash/(n*dlambda); //number of lines +printf("\nfor first order number of lines is %d",N) +printf("\nfor first order number of lines is %d",N_dash) +if N>N_dash then + disp("the given lines are resolved") +else + disp("the given lines remain unresolved") +end diff --git a/3909/CH3/EX3.43/Ex3_43.sce b/3909/CH3/EX3.43/Ex3_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a05010a21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH3/EX3.43/Ex3_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 3.43 +//calculation of fringe spacing +//given data +n=1; //order of grating +lambda=632.8*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) of laser +theta=0.1/1 +//calculation +d=lambda/theta; //fringe spacing (in m) +printf("\nfringe spacing is %1.3f micrometer",d*10^6) diff --git a/3909/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3909/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c7f9b133 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 3.5 +//calculation of angular position of first and second minima if observation point is far away +//given data +lambda=5890*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +a=0.003*10^-3; //width of slit (in m) +n=1; //order of minima +n_dash=2; //order of minima +//calculation +theta_d1=n*lambda/a*180/%pi; //angular position of first minima (in degrees) if observation point is far away +theta_d2=n_dash*lambda/a*180/%pi; //angular position of second minima (in degrees) if observation point is far away +theta1=asind((n*lambda)/a); //angular position of first minima if the observation point is near +theta2=asind((n_dash*lambda)/a); //angular position of second minima if the observation point is near +printf("\nangular position of first minima if observation point is far away is %0.2f degrees",theta_d1) +printf("\nangular position of second minima if observation point is far away is %0.1f degrees",theta_d2) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3909/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d7f036ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 3.6 +//calculation of width of slit +//given data +del_y=0.4*10^-3; //distance (in m) between second and fifth minimum +lambda=6000*10^-10; //wavelenth (in m) of light used +f=60*10^-2; //distance (in m) of screen from slit +//calculation +a=(3*lambda*f)/del_y; //width (in m) of slit +printf("\nwidth of slit is %1.1f mm",a*10^3) diff --git a/3909/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3909/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5791d7ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 3.7 +//calculation of wavelength of light used +//given data +a=0.2; //width of slit (in mm) +f=2; //distance of slit from screen (in m) +y=6; //distance of first minimum on either side of central maxima (in mm) +//calculation +lambda=y*10^-3*a*10^-3/f; //wavelength of light (in m) +printf("\nwavelength of light is %d Armstrong",lambda*10^10) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e85e6b0aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.1 +//calculation of coherent length and coherent time +//given data +lambda=4800*10^-10; //wavelength of light (in m) +n=25; //number of waves +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +l_c=n*lambda; //coherent length (in metre) +tau_c=l_c/c; //coherent time (in s) +printf("\ncoherent length is %d micrometer",l_c*10^6) +printf("\ncoherent time is %1.0e s",tau_c) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59580180f --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.10 +//calculation of size of pin-hole +//given data +F=60; //focal length (in cm) +l=10; //length of aperture (in cm) +lambda=633*10^-4; //wavelength (in cm) of light +//calculation +//for zero coherence at the periphery over lens aperture +a=1.22*lambda*F/l; //size of hole (in cm) +//for degree of coherence not below 80% over the aperture +a_dash=0.36*F/l*lambda; //size of hole (in cm) +printf("\nsize of the hole for zero coherence at the periphery over lens aperture is %0.1f micrometer",a*10^4) +printf("\nsize of the hole for degree of coherence not below 80 percent over the aperture is %0.2f micrometer",a_dash*10^4) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94e2042d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.11 +//calculation of efficiency of laser +//given data +C=1000*10^-6; //capacitance (in Farad) +V=4000; //voltage (in volts) +E=10; //energy (in Joule) +//calculation +opo=E; //optical power output +ip=1/2*C*V^2; //input power +nu=opo/ip; //efficiency of laser +printf ("\nefficiency of laser is %0.3f percent",nu*100) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da45abe3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.12 +//calculation of ratio of stimulated emission to spontaneous emission +//given data +lambda=632.8*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) of He-Ne laser +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +h=6.63*10^-34; //Planck's constant (in Js) +r=(1*10^-3)/2; //beam radius (in m) of laser +d_nu=1.5*10^8; //line width of laser line (in Hz) +E=99*10^-3; //energy (in W) within resonator +//calculation +nu=c/lambda; //frequency (in Hz) of laser +B21_by_A21=(c^3)/(8*%pi*h*nu^3); //ratio of Einstein's coefficients (in m^3/J.s) +I=E/(%pi*r^2); //intensity +rho_v=I/(c*d_nu); //density (in J.s/m^3) +rho_vB21_by_A21=(B21_by_A21)*rho_v; //ratio of stimulated emission to spontaneous emission +printf("\nratio of stimulated emission to spontaneous emission is %2.1f",rho_vB21_by_A21) + diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fe904cdd --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.13 +//calculation of (i)angular speed and (ii)areal spread +//given data +lambda=7000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of light +a=5*10^-3; //aperture (in m) +D=4*10^8; //distance from the earth (in m) +//calculation +theta=(1.22*lambda)/a; //angle (in radian) of diffraction +A=%pi*(D*theta)^2; //areal spread (in m^2) +printf('\n(i)angular spread is %1.1e rad',theta) +printf('\n(ii)areal spead is %1.2e m^2',A) +//(ii)the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..baca8bf37 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.14 +//calculation of area and intensity of image +//given data +lambda=720*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) of light +d=5*10^-3; //aperture (in m) +f=0.1; //focal length (in m) +P=50*10^-3; //power (in Watt)of laser beam +//calculation +d_theta=(1.22*lambda)/d; //angular spread +D=f +A=%pi*(D*d_theta)^2 //area of image (in m^2) +I=P/A; //intensity of image (in W/m^2) +printf("\narea of image is %1.2e m^2",A) +printf("\nintensity of image is %1.2e W/m^2",I) +//the answers provided in the textbook are wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..636b36127 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.15 +//calculation of coherent length,band width and line width of laser +//given data +lambda=650.0*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) of light +del_tau=0.5*10^-9; //time of pulses (in seconds) +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +//calculation +l_c=c*del_tau; //coherent length (in m) +del_nu=1/del_tau; //band width (in Hz) +del_lambda=lambda^2/c*del_nu; //line width (in m) +printf("\ncoherent length is %0.2f m",l_c) +printf("\nband width is %1.0e Hz",del_nu) +printf("\nline width is %0.3f Armstrong",del_lambda*10^10) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4f66334f --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.16 +//to show if diffraction contribute seriously to energy loss at lassing wavelength 694.3 nm +//given data +lambda=694.3*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) +a=0.1; //in m +L=0.1; //length (in m) +//calculation +theta=a^2/lambda; //diffraction angle +if theta>L then + disp("diffraction is not an important energy loss mechanism") +else + disp("diffraction is an important energy loss mechanism") +end diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4eb3dae2c --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.17 +//calculation of minimum number of ions present +//given data +lambda=720; //wavelength (in nm) +E=0.1; //energy (in J) +h=6.62*10^-34; //planck's constant (in m sq kg/s) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +nu=c/(lambda*10^-9); //frequency (in Hz) +n=E/(h*nu); //number of ions present +printf("Number of ions present is %1.3e",n) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55c3d2232 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.18 +//calculation of number of passes radiation has to make before the threshold +//given data +E=0.1; //energy (in Joule) +beta_th=0.15; //threshold gain (per m) +l=0.2; //length (in m) +//calculation +m=12/(beta_th*l); //number of passes radiation has to make before the threshold +printf("\nnumber of passes radiation has to make before the threshold is %d",m) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe3f0107f --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.19 +//calculation of number of longitudinal modes for gas lasers A and B +//given data +lambda_A=700*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) of red region +lambda_B=400*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) of blue region +L_A=0.35; //minor separation (in m) of red region +L_B=0.40; //minor separation (in m) of blue region +n0=1; //refractive index of laser medium +//calculation +qA=round(2*n0*L_A/lambda_A); //number of longitudinal models for gas laser A +qB=round(2*n0*L_B/lambda_B); //number of longitudinal models for gas laser B +printf("\nnumber of longitudinal models for gas laser A is %1.0e",qA) +printf("\nnumber of longitudinal models for gas laser B is %1.0e",qB) +//answer for qB provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38c01ccf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.2 +//calcuation of (a)coherent time, coherent length and Q value for sodium D1 line(b)coherent time, coherent length and Q value for sodium light of D1 and D2 line +//(a)for sodium D1 line +//given data +lambda=5890*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of line D1 +w=0.1*10^-10; //spectral width (in m) +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +//calculation +Q=round(lambda/w); //Q value +l_c=Q*lambda; //coherent length (in m) +tau_c=l_c/c; //coherent time (in sec) +//(b)for sodium D1 and D2 lines +//given data +lambda1=5890*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of line D1 +lambda2=5896*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) of line D2 +//calculation +w_dash=lambda2-lambda1; //spectral width (in m) +Q_dash=((lambda1+lambda2)/2)/w_dash; //Q value +format(16) +lambda_dash=(lambda1+lambda2)/2; //average wavelength of D1 and D2 lines +lc=lambda_dash*Q_dash; //coherent length (in m) +tauc=lc/c; //coherent time (in s) +printf("\n(a)for sodium D1 line") +printf("\nQ value is %d",Q) +printf("\ncoherent length is %1.2f cm",l_c*10^2) +printf("\ncoherent time is %1.2e s",tau_c) +printf("\n(b)for sodium D1 and D2 lines") +printf("\nQ value is %3.2f",Q_dash) +printf("\ncoherent length is %1.2f micrometre",lc*10^6) +printf("\ncoherent time is %1.2e s",tauc) +//the answer for coherent time in (a) varies due to round off error +//the answers provided in the textbook for coherent length and coherent time in (b) are wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12ed163a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.20 +//calculation of number of modes operating in the cavity region +//given data +l=0.5; //separation of laser (in m) +Dg=1.5; //Doppler's gain band width (in Ghz) +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +n0=1; //refractive index of laser +//calculation +del_nu=c*10^-9/(2*l); //frequency (in GHz) +m=Dg/del_nu; //number of modes +disp(m,'number of modes operating in the cavity region is') +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c8a4821b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.21 +//calculation of wavelength of laser emitted out +//given data +h=6.626*10^-34; //planck's constant (in m sq kg/s) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +E=1.85; //energy (in eV) +//calculation +lambda=(h*c)/(E*1.602*10^-19); //wavelength (in m) +printf("\nWavelength of laser emitted out is %d Armstrong",lambda*10^10) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e5ba0bc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.22 +//calculation of minimum population for He-Ne laser +//given data +lambda0=6328*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) +tau_m=10^-7; //transition time of metastable state (in s) +n0=1; //refractive index of laser +l=20*10^-2; //length (in m) +R1=0.98 +del_nu=10^9; //frequency (in Hz) +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +alpha=0; //neglecting losses +//calculation +R2=R1 +tau_c=(2*l*n0)/(c*(2*alpha*l-log(R1*R2))); //characteristic time of resonator (in s) +N2_minus_N1=(4*n0^3*tau_m*del_nu)/(c*lambda0^2*tau_c); //threshold population (per m^3) +printf("\nminimum population for He-Ne laser is %1.2e per cm^3",N2_minus_N1*10^2) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..942b5341a --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.23 +//to calculate threshold population inversion density and threshold pump power +//given data +lambda0=632.8*10^-9; //in m +del_nu=10*9; //in Hz +tau_m=10^-7; //in s +l=10*10^-2; //in m +R1=0.98 +R2=0.98 +n0=1 +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +nu=5*10^15 +h=6.6*10^-34; //Planck's constant +//calculation +tau=-(2*n0*l)/(c*log(R1*R2)); //in s +N2_minus_N1=(4*n0^3*tau_m*del_nu)/(c*lambda0^2*tau); //threshold popularity inversion density (in m^3) +P_th=((N2_minus_N1)*h*nu)/tau_m; //threshold power (in W/m^3) +printf("\nthreshold popularity inversion density is %1.1e m^3",N2_minus_N1) +disp(P_th,'threshold power (in W/m^3) is' ) +//the answers provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a60029df6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.24 +//comparison between He-Ne laser and dye-laser +//given data +//for He-Ne laser +L=0.5; //mirror separation (in m) +lambda=632.8; //wavelength (in nm) +del_nu=1.5*10^3; //frequency (in Hz) +n=1 +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +//for dye-laser +L_dash=2.0; //mirror separation (in m) +lambda1=570*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) +lambda2=640*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) +n_dash=1.4 +//calculation +del_tsp_He_Ne=(2*n*L)/c; //separation between pulses (in s) in He-Ne +del_tsp_dye=(2*n_dash*L_dash)/c; //separation between pulses (in s) in dye +del_tp_He_Ne=1/del_nu; //pulse width of He_Ne (in s) +del_lambda=lambda2-lambda1; //wavelength range (in nm) +lambda_dash=(lambda1+lambda2)/2; //wavelength (in nm) +del_tp_dye=1/((c/lambda_dash^2)*del_lambda); //pulse-width of dye (in s) +printf("\nseparation between pulses in He-Ne is %1.2e s",del_tsp_He_Ne) +printf("\nseparation between pulses in dye is %1.2e s",del_tsp_dye) +printf("\npulse width of He_Ne is %1.3f ns",del_tp_He_Ne*10^9) +printf("\npulse-width of dye is %2.1f fs",del_tp_dye*10^15) +if del_tsp_He_Ne > del_tsp_dye then + disp("He-Ne lasers are more suited for mode-locking") +else + disp("Dye lasers are more suited for mode-locking") +end +if del_tp_He_Ne < del_tp_dye then + disp("He-Ne lasers are more suited for mode-locking") +else + disp("Dye lasers are more suited for mode-locking") +end +//the answer of pulse width of He_Ne laser is wrong because the value of frequency is given different in the question and the answer in the textbook +//the answer of pulse width of dye varies due to round off error + + + + + + + + diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..185764d4e --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.25 +//calculation of numerical aperture and maximum acceptance angle +//given data +n1=1.45; //refractive index of core +delta=0.01; //relative refractive index of core-cladding +//calculation +NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta); //numerical aperture +i_m=asind(NA); //maximum acceptance angle +printf("\nnumerical aperture is %0.3f",NA) +printf("\nmaximum acceptance angle is %0.2f degrees",i_m) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d6df60d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.27 +//calculation of numerical aperture and maximum acceptance angle +//given data +n1=1.5; //refractive index of core +delta=0.01; //relative refractive index of core-cladding +//calculation +NA=n1*sqrt(2*delta); //numerical aperture +i_m=asind(NA); //maximum acceptance angle +printf("\nnumerical aperture is %0.2f",NA) +printf("\nmaximum acceptance angle is %0.2f degrees",i_m) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7b23a11b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.28 +//calculation of refractive indices of core and cladding +//given data +NA=0.22; //numerical aperture +delta=0.012 //relative refractive index difference +//calculation +n1=NA/sqrt(2*delta); //refractive index of core +n2=n1-delta*n1; //refractive index of cladding +printf("\nrefractive index of core is %0.2f",n1) +printf("\nrefractive index of cladding is %0.2f",n2) + diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.29/Ex4_29.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.29/Ex4_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52c250058 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.29/Ex4_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.29 +//calculation of numerical aperture and angle of acceptance +//given data +n1=1.50; //refractive index of the core +n2=1.47; //refractive index of the cladding +//calculation +NA=(sqrt(n1^2- n2^2)); //numerical aperture +i_m=asind(NA); //acceptance angle (in degrees) +printf("\nnumerical aperture is %0.2f",NA) +printf("\nacceptance angle is %0.2f degrees",i_m) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa23d11fc --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.3 +//calculation of (i)coherent length (ii)quality factor +//given data +lambda=6000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) +del_nu=10^-2; //spectral width (in Hz) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +nu=c/lambda; //frequency (in Hz) +Q=nu/del_nu; //quality factor +l_c=Q*lambda; //coherent length (in m) +printf("\nquality factor is %1.0e",Q) +printf("\ncoherent length is %d km",l_c*10^-3) +//the answer provided in the txtbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.30/Ex4_30.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.30/Ex4_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1624045ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.30/Ex4_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.30 +//to compare the maximum angle of acceptance and light gathering power of two fibres +//given data +n1=1.6; //core indice +n2=1.5; //cladding indice +n1_dash=2.1; //core indice +n2_dash=1.5; //cladding indice +//calculation +NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //light gathering power +i_m=asind(NA); //maximum angle of acceptance +NA_dash=sqrt(n1_dash^2-n2_dash^2); //light gathering power +printf("\n(a)light gathering power is %1.3f",NA) +printf("\n(a)maximum angle of acceptance is %2.2f degree",i_m) +printf("\n(b)light gathering power is %1.2f",NA_dash) +//(b)there is no limit to maximum angle of acceptance as its sin inverse does not exist + diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74c1ae519 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.4 +//calculation of coherent length, coherent time and Q value +//given data +lambda1=0.4*10^-6; //first wavelength (in m) +lambda2=0.8*10^-6; //second wavelength (in m) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +lambda=(lambda1+lambda2)/2; //mean wavelength (in m) +del_lambda=lambda2-lambda1; //difference between wavelengths(in m) +Q=lambda/del_lambda; //Q value +l_c=Q*lambda; //coherent length (in m) +tau_c=l_c/c; //coherent time (in sec) +printf("\nQ value is %1.1f",Q) +printf("\ncoherent length is %1.1f micrometer",l_c*10^6) +printf("\ncoherent time is %1.0e s",tau_c) +//answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b4adaac0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.5 +//calculation of spectral purity of line +//given data +lambda=643.8*10^-9; //wavelength (in m) +tau_c=10^-9; //coherent time (in sec) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +del_lambda=lambda^2/(c*tau_c); //spectral spread (in nm) +sp=lambda/del_lambda; //spectral purity of the line +printf("\nThe spectral purity of the line is %d",sp) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd7b2efcc --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.6 +//calculation of separation of two slits +//given data +lambda=5000*10^-10; //wavelength (in m) f light +theta=(32*%pi)/(180*60); //angle (in minutes) subtended by the sun on the earth +//calculation +l_w=lambda/theta; //separation of two slits (in m) +printf("\nseparation of two slits is %1.0e m",l_w) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1cf8d3049 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.7 +//calculation of units of light received by minima +//given data +visibility=0.29 +I_max=20; //maximum intensity of resulting interference pattern (in units) +//calculation +I_min=(I_max-0.29*I_max)/1.29; //units of light received by minima obtained from the formula, visibility=(I_max-I_min)/(I_max+I_min) +printf("\nlight received by minima is %d units",I_min) diff --git a/3909/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3909/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..078d9cee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 4.8 +//(i)calculation of coherent length of wavetrain (ii) to check whether interference is observed by human eye +//given data +tau_c=10^-8; //coherent time (in s) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +x1=5; //distance travelled by one beam (in m) +x2=10; //distance travelled by other beam (in m) +//calculation +l_c=c*tau_c; //coheret length (in m) +del_x=x2-x1; //path difference between two beams (in m) +printf("\n(i)coherent length of wavetrain is %d m",l_c) +printf("\n(ii)path difference between two beams is %d m",del_x) +if del_x0 then + disp("velocity of A relative to B is along positive x-direction") +else + disp("velocity of A relative to B is along negative x-direction") +end diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dd94c8cb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.4 +//calculation of per cent contraction in length +//given data +v=0.9; //velocity is 0.9 times the speed of light +theta=45; //inclination (in degrees) +//calculation +l0=1; //assuming l0 to be 1 for simplicity of calculation +lx=l0/sqrt(2)*sqrt(1-v^2); //length of rod moving in x-direction +ly=l0/sqrt(2); //length of rod moving in y-direction +l=sqrt(lx^2+ly^2); //length +p=(l0-l)/l0; //percent contraction in length +printf("\npercent contraction in length is %2.1f percent",p*100) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.40/Ex6_40.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.40/Ex6_40.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46b06c7a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.40/Ex6_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.40 +//calculation of velocity of beta particles in lab frame +//given data +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +v=0.2*c; //speed (in m/s) of a radioactive nucleus +Vx_dash=0; //speed (in m/s) inn x-direction +Vy_dash=0.6*c; //speed (in m/s) of beta particle relative to the nucleus +//calculation +Vx=(Vx_dash+v)/(1+(v*Vx_dash)/c^2); //component Vx in the lab frame +Vy=(Vy_dash*sqrt(1-v^2/c^2))/(1+(v*Vx_dash)/c^2); //component Vy in the lab frame +V=sqrt(Vx^2+Vy^2); //magnitude of resultant velocity (in m/s) +theta=atand(Vy/Vx); //angle (in degree) made by beta particle with the direction of the nucleus +printf("\nvelocity of beta particles in lab frame is %1.2f times the speed of light",V/c) +printf("\nangle made by beta particle with the direction of the nucleus is %2.1f degrees",theta) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.41/Ex6_41.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.41/Ex6_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1729a6219 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.41/Ex6_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.41 +//calculation of rest mass of the bomb +//given data +m_01=2; //rest mass (in kg) of one fragment of stationary bomb +m_02=2;//rest mass (in kg) of another fragment of stationary bomb +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +v1=0.6*c; //speed of one fragment is 0.6 times speed of light +v2=0.6*c; //speed of another fragment is 0.6 times speed of light +m_0=((m_01*c^2)/sqrt(1-(v1/c)^2)+(m_02*c^2)/sqrt(1-(v2/c)^2))/c^2; //rest mass (in kg) of the bomb +printf("\nrest mass of the bomb is %0.1f kg",m_0) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.42/Ex6_42.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.42/Ex6_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd3f66d21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.42/Ex6_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.42 +//calculation of momentum of a proton +//given data +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +m0=1.67*10^-27; //mass (in kg) of a proton +v=0.86*c; //speed (in m/s) of a proton +//calculation +p=(m0*v)/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //momentum (in kg m/s) of proton +printf("\nmomentum of a proton is %d MeV/c",p*10^-6/(5.36*10^-28)) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.43/Ex6_43.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.43/Ex6_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3cb3e2bf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.43/Ex6_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.43 +//calculation of velocity of particle +//given data +m0=1; //assuming rest mass to be one for simpicity in solving +c=3.0*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +m=5*m0; //mass of a particle is five times the rest mass +v=c*sqrt(1-(m0/m)^2); //velocity (in m/s) of the particle +printf("\nvelocity of the particle is %1.3e m/s",v) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.45/Ex6_45.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.45/Ex6_45.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6a704075 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.45/Ex6_45.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.45 +//calculation of rest mass of original bomb +//given data +m_01=1.5; //rest mass (in kg) of one fragment of stationary bomb +m_02=1.5; //rest mass (in kg) of another fragment of stationary bomb +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +v=0.8*c; //speed of one fragment is 0.8 times speed of light +m_0=((m_01*c^2)/sqrt(1-(v/c)^2)+(m_02*c^2)/sqrt(1-(v/c)^2))/c^2; //rest mass (in kg) of the original bomb +printf("\nrest mass of the original bomb is %0.1f kg",m_0) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.46/Ex6_46.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.46/Ex6_46.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3671f4d30 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.46/Ex6_46.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.46 +//calculation of work done +//given data +m0=0.5*10^6; //rest mass (in eV) of an electron +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +e=1.6*10^-19; //value of charge +//calculation +v1=0.6*c; //speed of electron is 0.6 times speed of light +v2=0.8*c; //speed of electron is 0.8 times speed of light +KE_f=(m0*c^2)/(sqrt(1-(v2/c)^2))-(m0*c^2); //final kinetic energy (in eV) +KE_i=(m0*c^2)/(sqrt(1-(v1/c)^2))-(m0*c^2); //initial kinetic energy (in eV) +WD=KE_f-KE_i; //work done (in eV) +printf("\nwork done is %1.1e J",WD*e) +//the answer provideed in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.47/Ex6_47.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.47/Ex6_47.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..300bd50ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.47/Ex6_47.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.47 +//calculation of (a)change in mass (b)work done on the electron to change its velocity (c)accelerating potential in volts +//given data +m0=9.1*10^-31; //rest mass (in kg) of an electron +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +//calculation +v1=0.98*c; //initial speed (in m/s) of an electron +v2=0.99*c; //final speed (in m/s) of an electron +m1=m0/sqrt(1-v1^2/c^2); //initial mass (in kg) +m2=m0/sqrt(1-v2^2/c^2); //final mass (i kg) +del_m=m2-m1; //change in mass (in kg) +W=del_m*c^2*6.242*10^12; //work done (in MeV) +V=W*10^6; //accelerating potential (in volts) +printf("\n(a)change in mass is %2.2e kg",del_m) +printf("\n(b)work done is %1.3f MeV",W) +printf("\n(c)accelerting potential is %1.3e volts",V) +//answer (b) and (c) vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.49/Ex6_49.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.49/Ex6_49.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f30483e48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.49/Ex6_49.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.49 +//calculation of per cent error in classical expression of kinetic energy +//given data +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +m0=1; //assuming m0 to be 1 for simplicity of calculation +//calculation +v=0.5*c; //speed (in m/s) of a body +KE=1/2*m0*v^2; //classical kinetic energy +m=1/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //mass of body +KE1=(m-m0)*c^2; //relativistic kinetic energy +P=(KE1-KE)/KE*100; //per cent error in classical kinetic energy +printf("\nper cent error in classical kinetic energy is %d",P) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e13ea7e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.5 +//calculation of proper half-time of the particles and contracted length +//given data +T=4.14*10^-8; //improper time (in s) +l_0=12; //length of the lab (in m) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +v=l_0/T; //velocity (in m/s) of the particles +T0=T*sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //proper half-time (in s) +l=l_0*sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //contracted length (in m) +printf("\nproper half-time is %1.2e s",T0) +printf("\ncontracted length is %0.2f m",l) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.50/Ex6_50.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.50/Ex6_50.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cf65ce91 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.50/Ex6_50.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.50 +//calculation of energy required to remove one neutron +//given data +BE_C12=7.68; //binding energy per nucleon (in Mev) for C12 +BE_C13=7.47; //binding energy per nucleon (in Mev) for C13 +//calculation +E=BE_C13*13-BE_C12*12; //energy (in Mev) required to remove one neutron +printf("\nenergy required to remove one neutron is %1.2f MeV",E) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.53/Ex6_53.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.53/Ex6_53.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8294818f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.53/Ex6_53.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.53 +//calculation of mass of electron +//given data +m0=9.1*10^-31; //rest mass of electron (in kg) +KE=2*10^6*1.6*10^-19; //kinetic energy (in J) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +m=m0+KE/c^2; //mass (in kg) of an electron +printf("\nmass of an electron is %2.2e kg",m) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.56/Ex6_56.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.56/Ex6_56.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..764d85124 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.56/Ex6_56.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.56 +//calculation of total energy and kinetic energy +//given data +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +m0=(9.1*10^-31)/(1.6*10^-13); //rest mass (in MeV) of electron +//calculation +v=0.25*c; //speed (in m/s) of electron +m=m0/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //mass (in kg) +E=(m0*c^2)/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //total energy (in MeV) +K=m*c^2-m0*c^2; //kinetic energy (in MeV) +printf("\ntotal energy is %1.3f MeV",E) +printf("\nkinetic energy is %1.3f MeV",K) +//the first part of answer varies due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.59/Ex6_59.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.59/Ex6_59.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09d9900a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.59/Ex6_59.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.59 +//calculation of mass of electron +//given data +E=1.5; //kinetic energy (in MeV) +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +m0=9.11*10^-31; //rest mass (in kg) of electron +//calculation +m0csq=(m0*c^2)/(1.6*10^-13) +m=((m0csq+E)*1.6*10^-13)/c^2 +printf("\nmass of electron is %2.1e kg",m) +//the answers vary due to round off error diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce21887f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.6 +//calculation of proper half-time of the particles and traversed length +//given data +l_0=2; //length (in m) observed by lab observer +T=1.0*10^-8; //improper time (in s) +c=3*10^8; //speed of light (in m/s) +//calculation +v=l_0/T; //velocity (in m/s) of particles +T0=T*sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //proper half-time (in s) +l=l_0*sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //contracted length (in m) +printf("\nproper half-time is %1.2e s",T0) +printf("\ncontracted length is %0.2f m",l) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf6376948 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.7 +//calculation of speed of an object +l0=1; //assumption made for simplicity of calculation +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +//calculation +//for 50% contraction +v=c*(sqrt(1-(l0/(2*l0))^2)); //speed (in m/s) of object +v0=v/c +printf("\nspeed of object is %1.3f times the speed of light",v0) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1da5330bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.8 +//calculation of percentage change in the area if its speed is c/2 +//given data +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +v=c/2; //speed (in m/s) of square +P=[(1-v^2/c^2)^(1/2)-1]*100; //P is the percentage change in area. In book it is given as (S'-S)/S*100 +printf("\npercentage change in the area is %0.1f percent",P) +printf("\nthus, area decreases by %0.1f percent",-P) diff --git a/3909/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3909/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00f5be174 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 6.9 +//calculation of (a)time necessary according to S for the rocket to pass a particular point on the platform (b)rest length of the rocket (c)length D of the platform according to observer S_dash (d)time taken for oberver S to pass the entire length of the rocket, according to S_dash (e)to check whether the ends of the rocket simultaneously line up with the ends of the platform are simultaneous to S_dash +//given data +c=3*10^8; //speed (in m/s) of light +L=65; //length (in m) of platform +//calculation +D0=L; //length (in m) of platform +v=0.8*c; //speed (in m/s) of rocket +T0=L/v; //time (in s) necessary according to S for the rocket to pass a particular point on the platform +L0=L/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //proper length (in m) +D=D0*sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); //length of platform (in m) as appeared to S_dash +T_dash=L0/v; //time (in s) taken for oberver S to pass the entire length of the rocket, according to S_dash +del_T_dash=(L0-D)/v; //time interval (in s) to pass the difference in the length of rocket and platform +printf("\n(a))time necessary according to S for the rocket to pass a particular point on the platform is %1.3f microsecond",T0*10^6) +printf("\n(b)rest length of the rocket is %d m",L0) +printf("\n(c)length D of the platform according to observer S_dash is %d m",D) +printf("\n(d)time taken for oberver S to pass the entire length of the rocket, according to S_dash is %1.2f microsecond",T_dash*10^6) +printf("\n(e)time interval (in s) to pass the difference in the length of rocket and platform is %1.2f microsecond",del_T_dash*10^6) +//the answer (a) varies due to round off error + diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..142cfe6ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.1 +//calculation of saturated ion current +//given data +E_bar=49*10^3; //average energy deposited per unit disintegration (eV) +alpha=150*10^3; //total activity of the sample (in Bq) +e=1.6*10^-19; //electronic charge (in C) +W=32; //average energy deposited per ion pair in the gas (eV) +//calculation +I=(E_bar*alpha*e)/W; //saturated ion current (in Ampere) +printf("\nsaturated ion current is %1.2e Ampere",I) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce24c5eef --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.10 +//calculation of ionization current +//given data +N=600/60; //count rate per minute +p=10^8; //number of electrons per count +e=1.6*10^-19; //value of charge (in C) +t=1; //time (in s) +//calculation +n=N*p; //total number of electrons +q=n*e; //charge (in C) +I=q/t; //ionization current (in Ampere) +printf("\nionization current is %1.1e Ampere",I) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63c9f499a --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.11 +//calculation of maximum voltage fluctuation in applied voltage +//given data +n2_minus_n1_by_n_av=0.1/100; //counter error +s=3; //slope of plateau region +//calculation +V2_minus_V1=n2_minus_n1_by_n_av*100*100/s; //maximum voltage fluctuation (in V) +printf("\nmaximum voltage fluctuation in applied voltage is %1.1f V",V2_minus_V1) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b747fea7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.12 +//calculation of number of disintegrations per minute within the source +//given data +n=5.0*10^4; //number of alpha particles reaching the window of counter +A=3.0; //perpendicular area (in sq.cm) of window +d=7.0; //distance (in cm) of nuclide +//calculation +d_ohm=A/d^2; //solid angle subtended by the counter at the point source +N=(n*4*%pi)/d_ohm; //number of disintegrations per minute within the source (in counts/min) +printf("\nnumber of disintegrations per minute within the source is %1.3e counts/min",N) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d3b6396b --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.13 +//calculation of dead time of the counter +//given data +nu=80/100; //efficiency of GM counter +n=6000/60; //number of counts per minute +//calculation +t_d=(1-nu)/n; //dead time of the counter (in s) +disp(t_d*10^3,'dead time of the counter (in ms) is') diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3d12ca08 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.14 +//calculation of actual count rate +//given data +n=4000; //number of counts per minute +t_d=(300*10^-6)/60; //dead time (in min) +//calculation +N=n/(1-n*t_d); //count rate (per minute) +T=N+sqrt(N); //total count rate (per minute) +printf("\nactual count rate is %d per minute",T) +//the answer provided in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44303a2c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.15 +//calculation of (i)true count rate (ii)observed count rate when source strength is increased bya factor of 10 +//given data +t_d=200*10^-6; //dead time of counter (in s) +n=1000; //observed count rate +//calculation +N=n/(1-n*t_d); //count rate +T=N+sqrt(N); //actual count rate (per minute) +n_dash=(N*10)/(1+N*10*t_d); //observed count rate when source strength is increased bya factor of 10 +printf("\n(i)true count rate is %d",T) +printf("\n(ii)observed count rate when source strength is increased is %4.1f",n_dash) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0ab7f783 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.2 +//calculation of pulse amplitude +//given data +W=35; //energy required per ion pair (in eV) +C=10^-10; //capacitance (in F) +E0=10^6; //charge (in eV) +e=1.602*10^-19; //value of charge (in C) +//calculation +n0=E0/W; //number of ion pairs +V0=(n0*e)/C; //pulse amplitude (in V) +printf("\npulse amplitude is %0.1f microvolt",V0*10^6) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa0eb137e --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.3 +//calculation of gas multiplication factor +//given data +E0=5*10^3; //energy (in eV) of charged particles +W=26.2; //energy (in eV) required per ion pair +e=1.6*10^-19; //electronic charge (in C) +C=200*10^-12; //capacitance (in F) +V=10^-2; //voltage (in V) (printing mistake in book) +//calculation +n0=E0/W; //number of original ion pairs generated +M=(V*C)/(n0*e); //gas multiplication factor +disp(M,'gas multiplication factor is') diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fdd217009 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.4 +//calculation of ionization current +//given data +n=15; //number of alpha particles +E=5*10^6; //energy of alpha particles (in eV) +e=1.6*10^-19; //value of charge +E_dash=35.2; //energy (in eV) needed to produce ion pair +//calculation +TE=n*E; //total energy of alpha particles (in eV) +N=TE/E_dash; //number of ion pairs produced +dq_by_dt=N*e; //ionization current (in Ampere) +printf("\nionization current is %1.3f pA",dq_by_dt*10^12) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3a546aab --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.5 +//calculation of change in the voltage of condensor +//given data +d=5; //distance moved (in cm) +n_av=3*10^4; //average number of ion pairs +e=1.602*10^-19; //value of charge (in C) +c=5*10^-12; //capacitance (in F) +//calcultion +n=d*n_av +q=n*e; //charge (in C) deposited on the condenser +V0=q/c; //change in the voltage of condensor (in V) +printf("\nchange in the voltage of condensor is %0.1f mV",V0*10^3) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32e2ef3de --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.6 +//calculation of output pulse height +//given data +E=11*10^6; //energy (in eV) of alpha particles +E_dash=35.2; //energy (in eV) needed to produce ion pair +M=1000; //multiplication factor +e=1.6*10^-19; //value of charge +C=30*10^-12; //effective capacity between the wire and the earth (in F) +//calculation +N_T=E/E_dash; //total no. of ion pairs produced +N=N_T*M; //number of secondary ions produced +q=N*e; //charge collected by capacitor (in C) +V_O=q/C; //pulse height (in V) +printf("\noutput pulse height is %1.2f V",V_O) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47d3912ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.7 +//calculation of height of pulse +//given data +E0=10*10^6; //energy (in eV) of protons +W=34; //energy (in eV) required per ion pair +M=1000; //gas multiplication factor +e=1.6*10^-19; //electronic charge (in C) +R=10^4; //resistance (in ohm) between the electrodes +t=10*10^-6; //current pulse time (in s) +//calculation +n0=E0/W; //number of primary ions +n_dash=n0*M; //total number of ions in proportionate region +q=n_dash*e; //charge on the electrodes (in C) +i=q/t; //current on the electrodes (in Ampere) +V0=i*R; //height of the pulse (in V) +printf("\nheight of the pulse is %0.3f V",V0) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7365de7ab --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.8 +//calculation of maximum radial field and duration of time the counter lasts +//given data +V0=1000; //voltage at which halogen and quenched GM works (in V) +r=0.2*10^-3; //radius (in m) of central wire +b=20*10^-3; //radius (in m) of outer cylinder +n=50; //number of weeks +l=10^9; //certified life of tube (in count) +h=30; //number of hours +s=60; //seconds +m=3000; //number of counts per minute +//calculation +a=r; //since field is maximum near central wire +E_max=V0/(r*log(b/a)); //maximum radial field (in V/m) +t=n*m*h*s; //counts each year +T=l/t; //life of counter +printf("\nmaximum radial field is %1.2e V/m",E_max) +printf("\ntime the counter lasts is %1.2f years",T) diff --git a/3909/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3909/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1fc590768 --- /dev/null +++ b/3909/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc;clear; +//OS windows 7 +//scilab 6.0.1 +//example 7.9 +//calculation of actual count rate +////given data +n=1.51*10^4; //number of counts per minute +t_d=(250*10^-6)/60; //dead time (in min) +//calculation +N=n/(1-n*t_d); //count rate (per minute) +T=N+sqrt(N); //total count rate (per minute) +printf("\nactual count rate is %d per minute",T) +//the answers vary due to round off error -- cgit