{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Chapter 4:Behaviour of Dielectric Materials in ac and dc Fields"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Example 4.1,Page No:4.8"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"dielectric constant of argon = 1.0005466\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"alpha = 1.8*10**-40; #polarisability of argon in Fm**2\n",
"e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #dielectric constant F/m\n",
"N1 = 6.02*10**23; #avagadro number in mol**-1\n",
"x = 22.4*10**3; #volume in m^3\n",
" \n",
"#formula\n",
"#er-1=N*p/e0*E=(N/e0)*alpha\n",
"#calculation\n",
"N = N1/float(x); #number of argon atoms in per unit volume in cm**3\n",
"N2 = N*10**6; #number of argon atoms in per unit volume in m**3\n",
"er = 1+((N2/float(e0)))*(alpha); #dielectric constant F/m\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print'dielectric constant of argon = %3.7f'%er;"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Example 4.2,Page No:4.9"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"displacement = 1.25e-17 m\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"alpha = 1.8*10**-40; #polarisability of argon in F*m^2\n",
"E = 2*10**5; # in V/m\n",
"z = 18;\n",
"e = 1.6*10**-19;\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"#formula\n",
"#p=18*e*x\n",
"#calculation\n",
"p = alpha*E;\n",
"x = p/float(18*e); #shift of electron in m\n",
"\n",
" \n",
"#result\n",
"print'displacement = %3.2e'%x,'m';"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Example 4.3,Page No:4.9"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"local field of benzene=4.40e+03 V/m\n",
"local field of water=-1.57e+06 V/m\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"E0 = 300*10**2; #local field in V/m\n",
"P1 = 3.398*10**-7; #dipole moment Coulomb/m\n",
"P2 = 2.124*10**-5; #dipole moment Coulomb/m\n",
"e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #permittivity in F/m\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"#formula\n",
"#E10Ci=E0-(2*Pi/3*e0)\n",
"#calculation\n",
"E10C1 = E0-((2*P1)/float(3*e0)); #local field of benzene in V/m\n",
"E10C2 = E0-((2*P2)/float(3*e0)); #local field of water in V/m\n",
" \n",
"#result\n",
"print'local field of benzene=%3.2e'%E10C1,'V/m';\n",
"print'local field of water=%3.2e'%E10C2,'V/m';"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Example 4.4,Page No:4.9"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"p1 = 5.12*10**-34; #p of benzene kg/m**3\n",
"p2 = 6.34*10**-34; #p of water kg/m**3\n",
"e10C1 = 4.4*10**3; #local field of benzene in V/m\n",
"e10C2 = 1570*10**3; #local field of water in V/m\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"#formula\n",
"#p=alphai*e10Ci\n",
"#calculation\n",
"alpha1 = p1/float(e10C1); #polarisability of benzene in F*m**2\n",
"alpha2 = p2/float(e10C2); #polarisability of water in F*m**2\n",
" \n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print'polarisability of benzene = %3.2e'%alpha1,'F*m**2';\n",
"print'polarisability of water = %3.2e'%alpha2,'F*m**2';\n",
"print'Note: mistake in textbok,alpha1 value is printed as 1.16*10**-38 instead of 1.16*10**-37';"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Example 4.5,Page No:4.10"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"polarisation of benzene = 6.80e-07 c/m**2\n",
"polarisation of water = 4.25e-05. c/m**2\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #abslute permitivity in (m**-3)*(kg**-1)*(s**4)*(A**2)\n",
"E = 600*10**2; #strength in V/cm\n",
"er1 = 2.28; #dielectric constant of benzene in coulomb/m\n",
"er2 = 81; #dielectric constant of water in coulomb/m\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#fomula\n",
"#p=e0*E*(er-1)\n",
"#calculation\n",
"pB = e0*E*(er1-1); #polarisation of benzene in c/m**2\n",
"pW = e0*E*(er2-1); #polarisation of water in c/m**2\n",
" \n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print'polarisation of benzene = %3.2e'%pB,'c/m**2';\n",
"print'polarisation of water = %3.2e.'%pW,'c/m**2';"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Example 4.6,Page No:4.10"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"percentage contribution from ionic polaristion = 59.82 %\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"er0 = 5.6; #static dielectric cnstant of NaCl \n",
"n = 1.5; #optical index of refraction\n",
" \n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"er = er0-n**2;\n",
"d = ((er/float(er0))*100); #percentage contribution from ionic polaristion in %\n",
" \n",
"#result \n",
"print'percentage contribution from ionic polaristion = %3.2f'%d,'%';\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Example 4.7,Page No:4.10"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"separation=1.69e-17 m\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"alpha = 0.18*10**-40; #polarisability of He in F *m**2\n",
"E = 3*10**5; #constant in V/m\n",
"N = 2.6*10**25; #number of atoms in per m**3\n",
"e = 1.6*10**-19;\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"#formula\n",
"#P=N*p\n",
"#charge of He=2*electron charge\n",
"#p=2(e*d)\n",
"#calculation\n",
"P = N*alpha*E; #in coul/m**2\n",
"p = P/float(N); #polarisation of He in coul.m\n",
"d = p/float(2*e); #separation between charges in m\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"#result \n",
"print'separation=%3.2e'%d,'m';\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"source": [
"# Example 4.8,Page No:4.10"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"oriental polarisation=9.66e-08 coul/m**2\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"import math\n",
"\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"N = 10**27; #number of HCl molecules in molecules/m**3\n",
"E = 10**5; #electric field in V/m\n",
"P = 1.04*3.33*10**-30; #permanent dipole moment in coul.m\n",
"T = 300; #temperature in kelvin\n",
"K = 1.38*10**-23;\n",
" \n",
" \n",
"#calculation\n",
"P0 = (N*(P**2)*E)/float(3*K*T); #oriental polarisation in coul/m^2\n",
"\n",
" \n",
"#result\n",
"print'oriental polarisation=%3.2e'%P0,'coul/m**2';"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
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