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   "source": [
    "# Chapter 26:CHARGE AND MATTER"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "# Example 26.1 Magnitude of total charges in a copper penny"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " Magnitude of the charges in coulombs is  133687.50000000003\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Example 1.1\n",
    "\n",
    "m =3.1 #mass of copper penny in grams\n",
    "e =4.6*10** -18 #charge in coulombs\n",
    "N0 =6*10**23 #avogadro’s number atoms / mole\n",
    "M =64  #molecular weight of copper in gm/ mole\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "N =( N0 * m ) / M  #No. of copper atoms in penny\n",
    "q = N * e  # magnitude of the charges in coulombs\n",
    "print (\" Magnitude of the charges in coulomb is \",q )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "# Example 26.2 Separation between total positive and negative charges"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " Separation between total positive and negative charges in meters is  5813776741.499454\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Example 2\n",
    "\n",
    "import math\n",
    "\n",
    "F =4.5 #Force of attraction in nt\n",
    "q =1.3*10**5 #total charge in coulomb\n",
    "r = q * math.sqrt ((9*10**9) / F ) ;\n",
    "print(\" Separation between total positive and negative charges in meters is \",r )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "# Example 26.3 Force acting on charge q1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "X component of resultant force acting on q1 in nt is 2.0999999999999996\n",
      "Y component of resultant force acting on q1 in nt is -1.5588457268119893\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Example 3\n",
    "\n",
    "import math\n",
    "\n",
    "#given three charges q1,q2,q3\n",
    "q1=-1.0*10**-6 #charge in coul\n",
    "q2=+3.0*10**-6 #charge in coul\n",
    "q3=-2.0*10**-6 #charge in coul\n",
    "r12=15*10**-2 #separation between q1 and q2 in m\n",
    "r13=10*10**-2 # separation between q1 and q3 in m\n",
    "angle=math.pi/6 #in degrees\n",
    "F12=(9.0*10**9)*q1*q2/(r12**2) #in nt\n",
    "F13=(9.0*10**9)*q1*q3/(r13**2) #in nt\n",
    "F12x=-F12  #ignoring signs of charges\n",
    "F13x=F13*math.sin(angle);\n",
    "F1x=F12x+F13x\n",
    "F12y=0 #from fig.263\n",
    "F13y=-F13*math.cos(angle);\n",
    "F1y=F12y+F13y #in nt\n",
    "print(\"X component of resultant force acting on q1 in nt is\",F1x)\n",
    "print(\"Y component of resultant force acting on q1 in nt is\",F1y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "# Example 26.4 Electrical and Gravitational force between two particles"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Coulomb force in nt is 8.202207191171238e-08\n",
      "Gravitational force in nt is 3.689889640441438e-47\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Example 4\n",
    "\n",
    "r=5.3*10**-11 #distance between electron and proton in the hydrogen atom in meter\n",
    "e=1.6*10**-19 #charge in coul\n",
    "G=6.7*10**-11 #gravitatinal constant in nt-m2/kg2\n",
    "m1=9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron in kg\n",
    "m2=1.7*10**-27 #mass of proton in kg\n",
    "F1=(9*10**9)*e*e/(r**2) #coulomb's law\n",
    "F2=G*m1*m2/(r**2) #gravitational force\n",
    "print(\"Coulomb force in nt is\",F1)\n",
    "print(\"Gravitational force in nt is\",F2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "# Example 26.5 Repulsive force between two protons in a nucleus of iron"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Repulsive coulomb force F  14.4 nt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Example 5\n",
    "\n",
    "r=4*10**-15 #separation between proton annd nucleus in iron in meters\n",
    "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge in coul\n",
    "F=(9*10**9)*(q**2)/(r**2) #coulomb's law\n",
    "print(\"Repulsive coulomb force F \",F,'nt')"
   ]
  }
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