{
 "metadata": {
  "name": ""
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter 1 : Basic Concepts"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1_1,pg 481"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# unknown resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "#VAriable declaration\n",
      "Ir=10*10**-3             #current drawn by resistor\n",
      "Vr=100.0                 #voltage across resistor\n",
      "Rv=40*10**3              #voltmeter resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calcualtions\n",
      "Ru=(Vr/Ir)*(1/(1-(Vr/(Ir*Rv)))) \n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"output resistance:\")\n",
      "print(\"Ru=%.2f ohm\"%Ru)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "output resistance:\n",
        "Ru=13333.33 ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1_2,pg 481"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# unknown resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "Ir=10*10**-3                   #current drawn by resistor\n",
      "Vr=100.0                       #voltage across resistor\n",
      "Rv=40*10**3                    #voltmeter resistance\n",
      "Ra=1.0                         #ammeter resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "Ru=(Rv/Ir)-Ra\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"output resistance:\")\n",
      "print(\"Ru=%.2f ohm\"%Ru)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "output resistance:\n",
        "Ru=3999999.00 ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1_3,pg 481"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# find ammeter reading\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "Rv=40*10**3                        #voltmeter resistance\n",
      "Ra=1.0                             #ammeter resistance\n",
      "Vr=40.0                            #voltmeter reading\n",
      "Ru=10*10**3                        #unknown resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "Ir=(Vr*(Rv+Ru))/(Ru*Rv)\n",
      "Ir1=(Vr/(Ru+Ra))\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"ammeter reading case1:\")\n",
      "print(\"Ir=%.4f A\"%Ir)\n",
      "print(\"\\nammeter reading case2:\")\n",
      "print(\"Ir1=%.4f A\"%Ir1)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "ammeter reading case1:\n",
        "Ir=0.0050 A\n",
        "\n",
        "ammeter reading case2:\n",
        "Ir1=0.0040 A\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1_4,pg 482"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# unknown resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "Vs=3.0                       #supply voltage\n",
      "Vu=2.75                      #voltmeter reading\n",
      "Rp=10*10**3                  #parallel resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "Ru=Rp*((Vs/Vu)-1)\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"unknown resistance:\")\n",
      "print(\"Ru=%.2f ohm\"%Ru)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "unknown resistance:\n",
        "Ru=909.09 ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1_5,pg 482"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Find input vlotage\n",
      "\n",
      "#with input voltage exceding 2Vd,diodes conduct and the voltage divider circuit with diodes can allow only a Vi given by Vi=2Vd\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"input voltage to amplifier:\")\n",
      "print(\"Vi=2Vd\")"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "input voltage to amplifier:\n",
        "Vi=2Vd\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "Example1_6,pg 482"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# find shunt resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "Rm=1000.0                      #meter resistance\n",
      "Is=900*10**-6                   #shunt current\n",
      "Vm=100*10**-3                  #drop across meter\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "Rs=Vm/Is\n",
      "It=1*10**-3\n",
      "#Is=It*(Rm/(Rs+Rm))\n",
      "Rs=(Rm*(It-Is))/Is\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"shunt resistance:\")\n",
      "print(\"Rs=%.2f ohm\"%Rs)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "shunt resistance:\n",
        "Rs=111.11 ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1_7,pg 483"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# find series resistor\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "If=100*10**-6                 #full scale current\n",
      "Rm=1000.0                     #meter resistance\n",
      "Vf=10.0                       #full scale voltage\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "Rs=(Vf/If)-Rm\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"series resistance:\")\n",
      "print(\"Rs=%.2f ohm\"%Rs)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "series resistance:\n",
        "Rs=99000.00 ohm\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "Example1_8,pg 483"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# sensitivity\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "If=100*10**-6       # Current\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "S=1/If\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"sensitivity:\")\n",
      "print(\"S=%.2f ohm/volt\"%S)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "sensitivity:\n",
        "S=10000.00 ohm/volt\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example1_9,pg 483"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# error in measurment\n",
      "\n",
      "import math\n",
      "# Variable declaration\n",
      "\n",
      "#assume that the voltmeter full scale reading is 12V which gives its resistance as 1.2*10^6 ohm \n",
      "#which is in parallel with 10*10^6 ohm making as equivalent of Rq given as\n",
      "R=1.2*10**6                    #voltmeter resistance\n",
      "R1=10*10**6                    #voltage divider resistance\n",
      "Vin=12.0                       #input voltage to divider network\n",
      "Rs=4*10**6                     # series resistance\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculations\n",
      "Rq=(R*R1)/(R+R1)\n",
      "Vq=(Rq*Vin)/(Rq+Rs)            #voltage across equivalent combination\n",
      "Va=(R1*Vin)/(R1+Rs)            #actual volatge\n",
      "er=(Vq-Va)/Va                  #error\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print(\"error in measurement:\")\n",
      "print(\"\\ner=%.3f \"%er)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "error in measurement:\n",
        "\n",
        "er=-0.704 \n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}