{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#Chapter 1: Definitions and Basic Relations"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"###Example 1.1, Internal Energy and Enthalpy, Page No. 38"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
" Enthalpy = 301.500000 kJ/kg\n",
" Internal Energy = 215.400000 kJ/kg\n",
"\n",
" Diameter = 46.824337 cm\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"from math import pi;\n",
"from math import sqrt;\n",
"#variable declaration\n",
"R=0.287; #in kJ.kg K\n",
"c_p=1.005; #in kJ.kg K\n",
"m=3; #in kg/s\n",
"T=300; #in K\n",
"p=1.5; #in bar\n",
"c=10; #in m/s\n",
"p=p*10**5; #converts bar into Pa\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"c_v=c_p-R;\n",
"h=c_p*T;\n",
"u=c_v*T;\n",
"rho=p/(R*T*1000);\n",
"D=sqrt((4*m)/(pi*c*rho));\n",
"D=D*100; #converts m into cm\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print('\\n Enthalpy = %f kJ/kg\\n Internal Energy = %f kJ/kg')%(h,u);\n",
"print '\\n Diameter = %f cm' %(D);\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"###Example 1.2, Flow and Non-Flow Work, Page No. 38"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
" Final Temperature = 382.397541 K\n",
" Enthalpy Drop = 88.473301 kJ/kg\n",
" Change in Internal Energy = 71.349436 kJ/kg\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"#variable declaration\n",
"R=0.189; #in kJ/kg K\n",
"gamma_1=1.24; #no unit\n",
"T1=473; #in K\n",
"p1=3.0; #in bar\n",
"p2=1.0; #in bar\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"c_p=(gamma_1*R)/(gamma_1-1);\n",
"c_v=c_p/gamma_1;\n",
"ratio=(p2/p1)**((gamma_1-1)/gamma_1);\n",
"T2=ratio*T1;\n",
"h=c_p*(T1-T2);\n",
"u=c_v*(T1-T2);\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print('\\n Final Temperature = %f K\\n Enthalpy Drop = %f kJ/kg\\n Change in Internal Energy = %f kJ/kg')%(T2,h,u);\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"###Example 1.3, Change of Entropy in a Polytropic Process, Page No. 39"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"Change in Entropy = 0.165932\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Note : There are computational problems in the book of this example\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"#variable declaration\n",
"from math import log;\n",
"gamma_1=1.3; #no unit\n",
"T1=650; #in K\n",
"n=1.2; #no unit\n",
"p1=10.0; #in bar\n",
"p2=3.0; #in bar\n",
"c_p=2.15; #in kJ/kg K\n",
"\n",
"#cslculation\n",
"c_v=c_p/gamma_1;\n",
"ratio_p=p2/p1;\n",
"ratio_v=(1/ratio_p)**(1/n);\n",
"s=c_v*log(ratio_p)+c_p*log(ratio_v);\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print('\\nChange in Entropy = %f')%(s);\n",
"print('\\n\\nNote : There are computational problems in the book of this example')\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"###Example 1.4, Fanning's Coefficient, Page No. 39"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"Pressure at the exit of duct = 2.925336 bar\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Note : There are computational problems in the book of this example\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"#variable declaration\n",
"L=100; #in m\n",
"R=287; #in kJ/kg K\n",
"D=0.5; #in m\n",
"T=315; #in K\n",
"p=3.0; #in bar\n",
"c=15; #in m/s\n",
"f=0.025; #no unit\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"rho=p/(R*T);\n",
"delta_p=4*f*L*rho*c**2/(2*D)\n",
"p2=p-delta_p;\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print('\\nPressure at the exit of duct = %f bar')%(p2);\n",
"print('\\n\\nNote : There are computational problems in the book of this example')\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"###Example 1.5, Adiabatic Bulk Modulus of a Gas, Page No. 40"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
" Bulk Modulus of Elasticity = 31295.652174 bar\n",
"\n",
" More Accurate Value of Bulk Modulus of Elasticity = 29459.521175 bar\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"#variable declaration\n",
"p1=1; #in bar\n",
"p2=3600; #in bar\n",
"v1=1; #in m^3\n",
"v2=0.885 #in m^3\n",
"\n",
"#calculation & result\n",
"K_t=-v1*(p2-p1)/(v2-v1);\n",
"print('\\n Bulk Modulus of Elasticity = %f bar')%(K_t);\n",
"K_t=(p2-p1)/log(v1/v2);\n",
"print('\\n More Accurate Value of Bulk Modulus of Elasticity = %f bar')%(K_t)\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"###Example 1.6, Conditions at altitudes, Page No. 41"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"At Z=10000m\n",
"Temperature = 223.200000 K\n",
"Pressure = 0.264259 bar\n",
"Density = 0.412528 kg/m**3\n",
"Viscosity = 0.0000148 kg/ms\n",
"\n",
"At Z=15000m\n",
"Temperature = 216.500000 K\n",
"Pressure = 0.120714 bar\n",
"Density = 0.194276 kg/m**3\n",
"Viscosity = 0.0000142 kg/ms\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"#variable declaration\n",
"from math import exp;\n",
"p0=1.0133; #in bar\n",
"#p0=p0*10**5; #conversion to Pa\n",
"T0=288.2; # in K\n",
"Tt=216.5; # in K\n",
"u0=1.79*10**-5; #in kg/ms\n",
"ut=1.42*10**-5; #in kg/ms\n",
"pt=0.227; #in bar\n",
"Z1=10000; #in m\n",
"Z2=15000; #in m\n",
"Zt=11000; #in m\n",
"R=287; #in J/kg K\n",
"a1=6.5/1000; #in deg C/m\n",
"g=9.81; #in m/s**2\n",
"\n",
"#calculation\n",
"rho0=p0/(R*T0);\n",
"T=T0-a1*Z1;\n",
"p=p0*(T/T0)**(g/(a1*R));\n",
"rho=p*10**5/(R*T);\n",
"u=u0*(T/T0)**0.75;\n",
"p1=pt*exp(-g*(Z2-Zt)/(R*Tt));\n",
"rho1=p1*10**5/(R*Tt);\n",
"\n",
"#result\n",
"print('\\nAt Z=10000m\\nTemperature = %f K\\nPressure = %f bar\\nDensity = %f kg/m**3\\nViscosity = %.7f kg/ms\\n\\nAt Z=15000m\\nTemperature = %f K\\nPressure = %f bar\\nDensity = %f kg/m**3\\nViscosity = %.7f kg/ms')%(T,p,rho,u,Tt,p1,rho1,ut);\n",
"\n"
]
}
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