{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:5459d630b29dbbdfd93621a60c527ff0a5f89773e97a2a1d2563ab75e7bd7c03" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter 6 : Properties of Steam" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.1 Page No : 14" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math \n", "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 2.; \t\t\t#Kg\n", "p = 8.;\t \t\t#bar\n", "H = 5535.;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "h = H/m;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hg = 2767.5;\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Specific Enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%h\n", "print \"Given Enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%hg\n", "print (\"Given enthalpy = specific enthalpy. System is dry saturated.\");\n", "\n", "m = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p = 2550*10**3/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "v = 0.2742;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "print \"Specific volume in m**3/Kg : %.4f\"%v\n", "vg = 0.078352;\t\t\t#m**3\n", "print \"Given specific volume in m**3/Kg : %.4f\"%vg\n", "\n", "Ts = 225+273;\t\t\t#K\n", "print (\"Since v>vg. System is super heated.\");\n", "Tsup = v/vg*Ts;\t\t\t#K\n", "print \"Temperature of super heated steam in degree C :%.1f\"%(Tsup-273)\n", "\n", "m = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p = 60;\t\t\t#bar\n", "h = 2470.73;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%h\n", "\n", "hg = 2475;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Given enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%hg\n", "print (\"Since h>hg. System is in vapour state.\");\n", "\t\t\t#let x be the dryness fraction\n", "\t\t\t#h = hf+x*hg\n", "hf = 1213.69;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hfg = 1517.3;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x = (h-hf)/hfg;\n", "print \"Dryness fraction : %.1f\"%x\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Specific Enthalpy in KJ/Kg : 2767.5\n", "Given Enthalpy in KJ/Kg : 2767.5\n", "Given enthalpy = specific enthalpy. System is dry saturated.\n", "Specific volume in m**3/Kg : 0.2742\n", "Given specific volume in m**3/Kg : 0.0784\n", "Since v>vg. System is super heated.\n", "Temperature of super heated steam in degree C :1469.8\n", "Enthalpy in KJ/Kg : 2470.7\n", "Given enthalpy in KJ/Kg : 2475.0\n", "Since h>hg. System is in vapour state.\n", "Dryness fraction : 0.8\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.2 Page No : 16" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p = 5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x = 0.98;\n", "ts = 151.84;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "hf = 652.8;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hfg = 2098;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "vg = 0.373;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "print \"Temperature of steam in degree C : %.2f\"%ts\n", "h = hf+x*hfg;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg : %.2f\"%h\n", "v = x*vg;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "print \"Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; %.4f\"%v\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Temperature of steam in degree C : 151.84\n", "Enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg : 2708.84\n", "Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; 0.3655\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.3 Page No : 16" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p = 12;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x = 0.95;\n", "ts = 187.96;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "vg = 0.1632;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "hf = 814.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hfg = 1970.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "print \"Temperature of steam in degree C : \",ts\n", "\n", "v = x*vg;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "print \"Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; \",v\n", "h = hf+x*hfg;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%h\n", "u = h-p*10**5*v/1000;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Internal energy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%u\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Temperature of steam in degree C : 187.96\n", "Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; 0.15504\n", "Enthalpy of steam in KJ/Kg : 2686.9\n", "Internal energy in KJ/Kg : 2500.8\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.4 Page No : 16" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 1.;\t\t \t#Kg\n", "p = 8.;\t\t\t #bar\n", "Tsup = 280.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "h1 = 2950.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 250 degree C)\n", "h2 = 3057.3;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 300 degree C)\n", "Tsup1 = 250.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Tsup2 = 300.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "hsup = h1+(h2-h1)/(Tsup2-Tsup1)*(Tsup-Tsup1);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Specific enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%hsup\n", "\n", "v1 = 0.293;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 250 degree C)\n", "v2 = 0.324;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 300 degree C)\n", "vsup = v1+(v2-v1)/(Tsup2-Tsup1)*(Tsup-Tsup1);\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "print \"Specific volume in m**3/Kg : \",vsup\n", "\n", "S1 = 7.04;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 250 degree C)\n", "S2 = 7.235;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 300 degree C)\n", "Ssup = S1+(S2-S1)/(Tsup2-Tsup1)*(Tsup-Tsup1)\n", "print \"Specific enthalpy in KJ/KgK : \",Ssup\n", "\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Specific enthalpy in KJ/Kg : 3014.5\n", "Specific volume in m**3/Kg : 0.3116\n", "Specific enthalpy in KJ/KgK : 7.157\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 4 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.5 Page No : 17" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 0.1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p2 = 0.1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x1 = 0.95;\n", "t3 = 20.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "t2 = 35.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "t4 = 45.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "hf1 = 191.8;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hfg1 = 2397.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "h1 = hf1+x1*hfg1;\t\t\t#KJ/kg\n", "h2 = 188.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 45 degree C)\n", "h3 = 83.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 20 degree C)\n", "h4 = 146.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 35 degree C)\n", "#m1*(h1-h2) = mw*(h4-h3)\n", "mwBYm1 = (h1-h2)/(h4-h3);\t\t\t#Kg of water/Kg of steam\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Ratio of mass flow rate of cooling water to condensing steam(Kg of water/Kg of steam): %.3f\"%mwBYm1\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Ratio of mass flow rate of cooling water to condensing steam(Kg of water/Kg of steam): 36.386\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.6 Page No : 18" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "V = 3.;\t\t\t#m**3\n", "t = 200.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Pat = 1.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Pgauge = 7.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "P = Pgauge+Pat;\t\t\t#bar\n", "ts = 170.41;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "tsup = t;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "vsup = 0.261;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "hsup = 2838.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "m = V/vsup;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "H = m*hsup;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Total Enthalpy in KJ : %.2f\"%H\n", "#H = U+p*V\n", "U = H-P*10**5*V/1000;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Total internal energy of system in KJ : %.2f\"%U\n", "print \"Mass of steam in Kg : %.3f\"%m\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Total Enthalpy in KJ : 32627.59\n", "Total internal energy of system in KJ : 30227.59\n", "Mass of steam in Kg : 11.494\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.7 Page No : 18" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "mw = 1.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "m_steam = 39.;\t\t\t#mass of dry steam in Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "ms = mw+m_steam;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "x = m_steam/ms;\t\t\t#dryness fraction\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Dryness fraction ; \",x\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness fraction ; 0.975\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.8 Page No : 18" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 10.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x = 0.9;\n", "t1 = 20.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "hf = 762.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hfg = 2013.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "H = m*(hf+x*hfg);\t\t\t#KJ;\n", "print \"Enthalpy of wet steam in KJ : \",H\n", "\n", "hf1 = 83.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 20 degree C)\n", "Hf1 = m*hf1;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "HeatAdded = H-Hf1;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Heat added in KJ : \",HeatAdded\n", "\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Enthalpy of wet steam in KJ : 25748.4\n", "Heat added in KJ : 24909.4\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 8 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.9 Page No : 19" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "t = 50.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "p1 = 13.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Cpw = 4.187;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "Cp = 0.0535;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "x1 = 0.97;\n", "hf = Cpw*(t-0);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hf1 = 814.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p1 = 13 bar)\n", "hfg1 = 1970.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p1 = 13 bar)\n", "hg1 = 2785.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p1 = 13 bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "Q = hf1+x1*hfg1-hf;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Heat required to produce steam in KJ/Kg : %.2f\"%Q\n", "Q1 = hg1-hf;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Heat required to produce dry saturated steam in KJ/Kg : \",Q1\n", "tsup1SUBts1 = 40;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Q2 = hg1+Cp*(tsup1SUBts1)-hf;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Heat required to produce super heated steam in KJ/Kg : \",Q2\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n", "\t\t\t#Ans is wrong in the book for last part.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Heat required to produce steam in KJ/Kg : 2516.93\n", "Heat required to produce dry saturated steam in KJ/Kg : 2576.05\n", "Heat required to produce super heated steam in KJ/Kg : 2578.19\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.10 Page No : 19" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p = 8;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x = 0.8;\n", "vf = 0.001115;\t\t\t#m**3/kg\n", "vg = 0.24;\t\t\t#m**3/kg\n", "hf = 720.9;\t\t\t#kJ/kg(at p = 8 bar)\n", "hfg = 2046.5;\t\t\t#kJ/kg(at p = 8 bar)\n", "m = 1;\t\t\t#kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "We = 100*p*(x*vg-vf);\t\t\t#kJ/kg\n", "print \"External workdone during evaporation in kJ/kg : %.2f\"%We\n", "\n", "Q = x*hfg-We;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"External latent heat of steam in kJ: %.2f\"%Q\n", "\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n", "\t\t\t#Ans is wrong in the book for last part.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "External workdone during evaporation in kJ/kg : 152.71\n", "External latent heat of steam in kJ: 1484.49\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 8 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.11 Page No : 20" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 20.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup1 = 350.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "m1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p2 = 20.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "m2 = 1.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p3 = p1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 250.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "m3 = m1+m2;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "Cp = 2.25;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hg1 = 2797.2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 20 bar)\n", "hg2 = hg1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 20 bar)\n", "hg3 = hg1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 20 bar)\n", "ts1 = 212.37;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "ts2 = ts1;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "ts3 = ts1;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "#m1*h1+m2*h2 = m3*h3\n", "h2 = (m3*(hg3+Cp*(Tsup3-ts3))-m1*(hg1+Cp*(Tsup1-ts1)))/m2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Enthalpy of boiler2 in KJ/Kg : %.2f\"%h2\n", "print \"hg2(KJ/Kg) : \",hg2\n", "print (\"steam is wet because h2<hg2\")\n", "\t\t\t#h2 = hf2+x2*hfg2\t\t\t# as steam is wet because h2<hg2\n", "hf2 = 908.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hfg2 = 1888.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x2 = (h2-hf2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#\n", "print \"Dryness : %.5f\"%x2\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n", "\t\t\t#Ans is wrong in the book.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Enthalpy of boiler2 in KJ/Kg : 2656.87\n", "hg2(KJ/Kg) : 2797.2\n", "steam is wet because h2<hg2\n", "Dryness : 0.92569\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.12 Page No : 20" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 2.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p = 8.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x = 0.8;\n", "hf = 720.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 8 bar)\n", "hfg = 2046.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 8 bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "h = hf+x*hfg;\t\t\t #KJ/Kg\n", "H = m*h;\t\t\t #KJ\n", "print \"Total enthalpy of steam in KJ : \",H\n", "\n", "Vg = 0.227;\t\t\t #m**3/Kg\n", "V = m*x*Vg;\t\t\t #m**3\n", "print \"Volume in m**3 : \",V\n", "\n", "We = p*10**5*V/1000;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"External work of evaporation in KJ : \",We\n", "\n", "U = H-We;\t\t\t #KJ\n", "print \"Total internal energy in KJ : \",U\n", "\n", "Sf = 2.061;\t\t \t #KJ/K\n", "Sfg = 4.578;\t\t \t#KJ/K\n", "S = m*(Sf+x*Sfg);\t\t\t#KJ/K\n", "print \"Total entropy in KJ/K : \",S\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Total enthalpy of steam in KJ : 4716.2\n", "Volume in m**3 : 0.3632\n", "External work of evaporation in KJ : 290.56\n", "Total internal energy in KJ : 4425.64\n", "Total entropy in KJ/K : 11.4468\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 12 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.13 Page No : 21" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 600.;\t\t\t#KPa\n", "p1 = p1/100.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "T1 = 200.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Vsup1 = 0.352;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 6 bar)\n", "V1 = Vsup1;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "V2 = V1;\t\t\t#m**3(system is at consmath.tant volume)\n", "Vg2 = V2;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(For dry saturated)\n", "Tsup1 = 153.3;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Tsup2 = 154.8;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "vg1 = 0.34844;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "vg2 = 0.36106;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "ts2 = Tsup1+(Tsup2-Tsup1)/(vg2-vg1)*(V1-vg1);\t\t\t#degree C\n", "print \"Temperature at which steam begins to condense in degree C : %.2f\"%ts2\n", "\n", "pg1 = 5.2;\t\t\t#bar\n", "pg2 = 5.4;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p2 = pg1+(pg2-pg1)/(Tsup2-Tsup1)*(ts2-Tsup1);\t\t\t#bar\n", "print \"Pressure in bar is : %.3f\"%p2\n", "\t\t\t#Some data is taken from steam table.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Temperature at which steam begins to condense in degree C : 153.72\n", "Pressure in bar is : 5.256\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 10 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.14 Page No : 23" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 2.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p1 = 15.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p2 = 15.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup1 = 250.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "T1 = Tsup1;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "V1 = 0.152;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 15 bar)\n", "hf2 = 844.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 15 bar)\n", "hg2 = 2789.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 15 bar)\n", "hfg2 = 1945.2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 15 bar)\n", "h1 = 2923.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "Vg2 = 0.1317;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 15 bar)\n", "x2 = 0.6;\t\t\t#dry\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "h2 = hf2+x2*hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "V2 = x2*Vg2;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "w = (p2*V2-p1*V1)*10**5/10**3;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "W = m*w;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Total work done in KJ : \",W\n", "\n", "H2subH1 = m*(h2-h1);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Change in enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%H2subH1\n", "\n", "Q = H2subH1;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Heat transfered in KJ : %.1f\"%Q\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Total work done in KJ : -218.94\n", "Change in enthalpy in KJ/Kg : -1822.4\n", "Heat transfered in KJ : -1822.4\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 11 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.15 Page No : 24" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables :\n", "p_gauge = 15.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p_at = 750.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n", "p_at = p_at/760.*1.01325;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p = p_gauge+p_at;\t\t\t#bar\n", "ms = 200.;\t\t\t#Kg/hr\n", "Cpw = 4.187;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "t1 = 80.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "hf1 = Cpw*t1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hf2 = 858.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 16 bar)\n", "hg2 = 2791.8;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 16 bar)\n", "hfg2 = 1933.2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 16 bar)\n", "ts = 201.37;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "x2 = 0.8;\t\t\t#dry\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "h2 = hf2+x2*hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "q = ms*(h2-hf1);\t\t\t#KJ/hr\n", "q = q/3600;\t\t\t#KJ/s\n", "print \"Heat transfer in boiler in KJ/s : %.3f\"%q\n", "\n", "tsup = ts+t1;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Cp = 2.2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "hsup3 = hg2+Cp*(tsup-ts);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "qsup = ms*(hsup3-h2)/3600;\t\t\t#KJ/s\n", "print \"Heat transfered in superheated steam in KJ/s : %.3f\"%qsup\n", "\n", "Vg = 0.1237;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 16 bar)\n", "Ts = 201.37+273;\t\t\t#K\n", "Tsup = tsup+273;\t\t\t#K\n", "Vsup = Tsup/Ts*Vg;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "density = 1/Vsup;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n", "print \"Density of steam in Kg/m**3 : %.3f\"%density\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Heat transfer in boiler in KJ/s : 115.011\n", "Heat transfered in superheated steam in KJ/s : 31.258\n", "Density of steam in Kg/m**3 : 6.917\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 12 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.16 Page No : 27" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 1.5;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p1 = 5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x1 = 0.8;\t\t\t#dry\n", "x2 = 0.4;\t\t\t#dry\n", "Vg1 = 0.373;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 5 bar)\n", "hf1 = 640.1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 5 bar)\n", "hfg1 = 2107.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 5 bar)\n", "Vg2 = x1/x2*Vg1;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "p2 = 4.;\t\t\t#bar(at Vg2 = 0.746)\n", "hf2 = 529.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 4 bar)\n", "hfg2 = 2184.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 4 bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "V1 = x1*Vg1;\t\t \t#m**3/Kg\n", "V2 = V1;\t\t\t #m**3/Kg\n", "h1 = hf1+x1*hfg1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "h2 = hf2+x2*hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "Q = m*((h2-h1)-100*(p2*V2-p1*V1));\t\t\t#KJ\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Quantity of heat in KJ : \",Q\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Quantity of heat in KJ : -1338.93\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 16 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.17 Page No : 27" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x1 = 0.523;\t\t\t#dry\n", "Vg1 = 1.694;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 1 bar)\n", "hf1 = 417.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 1 bar)\n", "hfg1 = 2258;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 1 bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "h1 = hf1+x1*hfg1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "V1 = x1*Vg1;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "V2 = V1;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(Consmath.tant volume process)\n", "Vg2 = V2;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "p2 = 2;\t\t\t#bar;\t\t\t#at Vg2 from steam table\n", "hg2 = 2706.3;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 2 bar)\n", "h2 = hg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "W = 0;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg of steam\n", "q = W+(h2-h1)-100*(p2*V2-p1*V1);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Heat transfered in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%q\n", "\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Heat transfered in KJ/Kg : 1019.3\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 13 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.18 Page No : 28" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "V1 = 0.9;\t\t\t#m**3\n", "p1 = 8;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x1 = 0.9;\t\t\t#dry\n", "p2 = 4;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Vg1 = 0.24;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 8 bar)\n", "hf1 = 720.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 8 bar)\n", "hfg1 = 2046.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 8 bar)\n", "Vg2 = 0.462;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 4 bar)\n", "hf2 = 604.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 4 bar)\n", "hfg2 = 2132.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 4 bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "#h1 = h2 : hf1+x1*hfg1 = hf2+x2*hfg2\n", "x2 = ((hf1+x1*hfg1)-hf2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#dry\n", "print \"Dryness fraction of steam : %.3f\"%x2\n", "\n", "m1 = V1/x1/Vg1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "V2 = V1;\t\t\t#m**3\n", "m2 = V2/x2/Vg2;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "m = m1-m2;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "print \"Mass of steam blown off in Kg : %.4f\"%m\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness fraction of steam : 0.918\n", "Mass of steam blown off in Kg : 2.0447\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 14 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.19 Page No : 31" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math \n", "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 5.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p1 = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x1 = 0.9;\t\t\t#dry\n", "p2 = 4.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "ts1 = 179.88;\t\t\t#degree C(at 10 bar)\n", "print \"Final condition of steam,(Temperature in degree C) : \",ts1\n", "\n", "Vg1 = 0.1943;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 8 bar)\n", "hf1 = 762.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 10 bar)\n", "hfg1 = 2013.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at p = 10 bar)\n", "h1 = hf1+x1*hfg1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "V1 = x1*Vg1;\t\t\t#KJ/kg\n", "u1 = h1-p1*V1*10**5/1000;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "U1 = m*u1;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "Tsup2 = 179.88;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "t11 = 150;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "h11 = 2752;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 4bar,150 degree C)\n", "v11 = 0.471;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 4bar,150 degree C)\n", "s11 = 6.929;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 4bar,150 degree C)\n", "t22 = 200;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "h22 = 2860.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 4bar,200 degree C)\n", "v22 = 0.534;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 4bar,200 degree C)\n", "s22 = 7.171;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 4bar,200 degree C)\n", "h2 = h11+(h22-h11)/(t22-t11)*(ts1-t11);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "v2 = v11+(v22-v11)/(t22-t11)*(ts1-t11);\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "s2 = s11+(s22-s11)/(t22-t11)*(ts1-t11);\t\t\t#m**3\n", "u2 = h2-p2*10**5*v2/1000;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "U2 = m*u2;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "deltaU = U2-U1;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Change in internal energy in KJ : %.1f\"%deltaU\n", "\n", "sf1 = 2.138;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "sfg1 = 4.445;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "s1 = (sf1+x1*sfg1);\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "deltaS = m*(s2-s1);\t\t\t#KJ/K\n", "Q = (ts1+273)*(deltaS);\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Heat transfer in KJ : %.1f\"%Q\n", "\n", "W = Q-deltaU;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Workdone in KJ : %.1f\"%W\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n", "\t\t\t#Answer is not accurate in the book.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Final condition of steam,(Temperature in degree C) : 179.88\n", "Change in internal energy in KJ : 1066.8\n", "Heat transfer in KJ : 2117.5\n", "Workdone in KJ : 1050.7\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 15 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.20 Page No : 33" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math \n", "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m = 2.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p1 = 15.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "V1 = 0.3;\t\t\t#m**3\n", "p2 = 1.5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "v1 = V1/m;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "#p1*v1**(1.3) = p2*v2**(1.3)\n", "v2 = math.exp((math.log(p1)+1.3*math.log(v1)-math.log(p2))/1.3);\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "Vg2 = 1.1635;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 1.5 bar)\n", "x2 = v2/Vg2;\t\t\t#dry\n", "print \"Dryness of steam : %.4f\"%x2\n", "n = 1.3;\n", "W = m*(p1*v1-p2*v2)*10**5/(n-1);\t\t\t#J\n", "W = W/1000;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "print \"Workdone in KJ : %.1f\"%W\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n", "\t\t\t#Answer is wrong in the book.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness of steam : 0.7578\n", "Workdone in KJ : 618.3\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 17 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.21 Page No : 36" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m1 = 5.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p1 = 5.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup1 = 200.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "p2 = 0.1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "h1 = 2855;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from molliers diagram)\n", "h2 = 2235;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from molliers diagram)\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "W = m1*(h1-h2);\t\t\t#KJ\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Workdone in KJ : \",W\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Workdone in KJ : 3100.0\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 21 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.22 Page No : 37" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 160.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup1 = 550.;\t\t\t#degree C(from steam table)\n", "q = 0.;\t\t\t#adiabatic process\n", "deltaS = 0.1;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "p2 = 0.2;\t\t\t#bar\n", "t11 = 500.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "t22 = 600.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "h11 = 3297.1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 4bar,500 degree C)\n", "h22 = 3571.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 4bar,600 degree C)\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "h1 = h11+(h22-h11)/(t22-t11)*(Tsup1-t11);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "s11 = 6.305;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 4bar,500 degree C)\n", "s22 = 6.639;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 4bar,600 degree C)\n", "s1 = s11+(s22-s11)/(t22-t11)*(Tsup1-t11);\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "s2 = deltaS+s1;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "hf2 = 251.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 0.2 bar)\n", "hfg2 = 2358.2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 0.2 bar)\n", "sf2 = 0.832;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 0.2 bar)\n", "sfg2 = 7.077;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 0.2 bar)\n", "\t\t\t#s2 = sf2+x2*sfg2\n", "x2 = (s2-sf2)/sfg2;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "h2 = hf2+x2*hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "Wsf_a = h1-h2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Actual Work of expansion in KJ : %.1f\"%Wsf_a\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Actual Work of expansion in KJ : 1270.0\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 18 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.23 Page No : 37" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "mdot = 2.;\t\t\t#Kg/s\n", "p1 = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup1 = 200.;\t\t\t#degree C(from steam table)\n", "p2 = 1.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "h1 = 2826.8;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar,200 degree C)\n", "S1 = 6.692;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 10bar,200 degree C)\n", "ts2 = 99.63;\t\t\t#degree C(at 1bar)\n", "Vg2 = 1.694;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(at 1bar)\n", "hf2 = 417.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 1bar)\n", "hfg2 = 2258.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 1bar)\n", "sf2 = 1.303;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 1bar)\n", "sfg2 = 6.057;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(at 1bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "#S1 = sf2+x2*sfg2\n", "x2 = (S1-sf2)/sfg2;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "V3 = x2*Vg2;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "t2 = ts2;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "S2 = S1;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "Qdot = 0;\t\t\t#KJ\n", "h2 = hf2+x2*hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "Wsf_dot = Qdot-mdot*((h2-h1));\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Final specific volume, v2 = %.4f m**3/kg\"%V3\n", "print \"Final temperature , t2 = %.2f C\"%t2\n", "print \"Final specific entropy, S2 = %.3f kJ/kg K\"%S2\n", "print \"Work output of turbine in KJ/s or W : %.1f\"%Wsf_dot\n", "\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Final specific volume, v2 = 1.5072 m**3/kg\n", "Final temperature , t2 = 99.63 C\n", "Final specific entropy, S2 = 6.692 kJ/kg K\n", "Work output of turbine in KJ/s or W : 800.6\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.24 Page No : 39" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 7.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x1 = 0.8;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "p2 = 1.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "hf1 = 697.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 7bar)\n", "hfg1 = 2064.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 7bar)\n", "hf2 = 417.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 1bar)\n", "hfg2 = 2258;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 1bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "#hf1+x1*hfg1 = hf2+x2*hfg2\n", "x2 = (hf1+x1*hfg1-hf2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "print \"Final conditio of steam(dryness) : %.4f\"%x2\n", "\n", "sf2 = 1.303;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 1bar)\n", "sfg2 = 6.057;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 1bar)\n", "sf1 = 1.992;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 7bar)\n", "sfg1 = 4.713;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 7bar)\n", "deltaS = (sf2+x2*sfg2)-(sf1+x1*sfg1)\n", "print \"Change in entropy in KJ/KgK : %.4f\"%deltaS\n", "print \"Entropy change of surroundings = %.4f KJ/kg K\"%(deltaS + 0)\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Final conditio of steam(dryness) : 0.8554\n", "Change in entropy in KJ/KgK : 0.7216\n", "Entropy change of surroundings = 0.7216 KJ/kg K\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.25 Page No : 40" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x1 = 0.9;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "p2 = 1.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "hf1 = 762.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "hfg1 = 2013.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "h1 = hf1+x1*hfg1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "h2 = h1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hg2 = h2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "p2 = 0.075;\t\t\t#bar(from steam table)\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Pressure at exit in bar : \",p2\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Pressure at exit in bar : 0.075\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 25 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.26 Page No : 40" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math \n", "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "m1dot = 3.;\t\t\t#Kg/min\n", "p1 = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup1 = 250.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "m2dot = 5.;\t\t\t#Kg/min\n", "p2 = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "x2 = 0.7;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "p3 = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p4 = 5.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p5 = 2.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "m3dot = m1dot+m2dot;\t\t\t#Kg/min\n", "hsup1 = 2826.8;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "hf2 = 762.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "hf3 = 762.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "hfg2 = 2013.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "hfg3 = 2013.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "#m1dot*hsup1+m2dot*(hf2+x2*hfg2) = m3dot*(hf3+x3*hfg3)\n", "x3 = ((m1dot*hsup1+m2dot*(hf2+x2*hfg2))/m3dot-hf3)/hfg3;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "print \"State of steam after mixing(dryness) : %.2f\"%x3\n", "\n", "x4 = 0.838;\t\t\t#dryness(from molliers diagram)\n", "print \"State of steam after throttling(dryness) : %.3f\"%x4\n", "\n", "sf3 = 2.138;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(From steam table\n", "sfg3 = 4.445;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(From steam table\n", "sf4 = 1.860;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(From steam table)\n", "sfg4 = 4.959;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK(From steam table\n", "s4SUBs3 = m3dot/60*((sf4+x4*sfg4)-(sf3+x3*sfg3));\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Increase in entropy due to throttling in KJ/KgK : %.5f\"%s4SUBs3\n", "\n", "h4 = 2405;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from Molliers diagram)\n", "h5 = 2265;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from Molliers diagram)\n", "x5 = 0.802;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "C4 = 0;\t\t\t#m/s(from S.F.E.E)\n", "\t\t\t#h4+C4**2/2/1000 = h5+C5**2/2/1000\n", "C5 = math.sqrt((h4+C4**2/2/1000-h5)*2*1000);\t\t\t#m/s\n", "p5 = 2;\t\t\t#bar(from steam table)\n", "Vg5 = 0.885;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg(from steam table)\n", "\t\t\t#mdot/60 = A5*C5/x5/Vg5\n", "A5 = m3dot/60/C5*x5*Vg5;\t\t\t#m**2\n", "print \"Exit area of nozzle in cm**2 : %.4f\"%(A5*10**4)\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "State of steam after mixing(dryness) : 0.82\n", "State of steam after throttling(dryness) : 0.838\n", "Increase in entropy due to throttling in KJ/KgK : 0.02989\n", "Exit area of nozzle in cm**2 : 1.7885\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 22 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.27 Page No : 47" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "ms = 5.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "m2 = 140.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "p = 10.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "mc = 20.;\t\t\t#KJ/K\n", "t1 = 20.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "mwdot = 20.;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "t2 = 40.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Cpw = 4.19;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "hfg = 2021.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(at 10bar)\n", "ts = 179.88;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "#ms*(x*hfg)+ms*Cpw*(ts-t2) = m2*Cpw*(t2-t1)+mc*(t2-t1)\n", "x = (m2*Cpw*(t2-t1)+mc*(t2-t1)-ms*Cpw*(ts-t2))/ms/hfg;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Dryness fraction of steam : %.4f\"%x\n", "\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness fraction of steam : 0.9104\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 23 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.28 Page No : 47" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 15.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p2 = 15.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p3 = 1.;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 150.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "mw = 0.2;\t\t\t#Kg/min\n", "ms = 10.;\t\t\t#Kg/min\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "x1 = ms/(ms+mw);\t\t\t#dryness\n", "print \"Dryness factor of steam : %.4f\"%x1\n", "\n", "hf2 = 844.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table,at 15 bar)\n", "hfg2 = 1945.2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table,at 15 bar)\n", "hsup3 = 2776.3;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table,at 15 bar)\n", "\t\t\t#hsup3 = hf2+x2*hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x2 = (hsup3-hf2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x = x1*x2;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "print \"Dryness fraction in the mains : %.4f\"%x\n", "\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness factor of steam : 0.9804\n", "Dryness fraction in the mains : 0.9735\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 24 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.29 Page No : 48" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 1.;\t\t\t#MPa\n", "p2 = 100.;\t\t\t#KPa\n", "p1 = p1*10**6./10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p2 = p2*10**3./10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "hf1 = 762.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hfg2 = 2013.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hg2 = 2675.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "#hg2 = hf1+x1*hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x1 = (hg2-hf1)/hfg2;\t\t\t#\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Dryness fraction in the mains : %.2f\"%x1\n", "\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness fraction in the mains : 0.95\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 25 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.30 Page No : 49" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 900.;\t\t\t#KN/m**2\n", "p2 = 900.;\t\t\t#KN/m**2\n", "p3 = 0.1013;\t\t\t#MN/m**2\n", "p1 = p1/10.**2;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p3 = p2/10.**2;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p3 = p3*10.**6/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 115.;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "ms = 1.8;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "mw = 0.16;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "x1 = ms/(ms+mw);\t\t\t#dryness\n", "hf2 = 742.6;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hfg2 = 2029.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hg3 = 2676;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "Ts3 = 100;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Cp = 2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "\t\t\t#hf2+x2*hfg2 = hg3+Cp*(Tsup3-Ts3);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x2 = (hg3+Cp*(Tsup3-Ts3)-hf2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x = x1*x2;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Dryness fraction of steam in mains : %.4f\"%x\n", "\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness fraction of steam in mains : 0.8885\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 26 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.31 Page No : 49" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 1.5;\t\t\t#MPa\n", "p1 = p1*10**6/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p2 = p1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p3 = 0.1;\t\t\t#MPa\n", "p3 = p3*10**6/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 110;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Vw = 0.15;\t\t\t#litres\n", "Vw = 0.15*10**-3;\t\t\t#m**3 at 70 degree C\n", "ms = 3.24;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "Vf = 0.001023;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "mw = Vw/Vf;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "x1 = ms/(ms+mw);\t\t\t#dryness\n", "hf2 = 844.7;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hfg2 = 1945.2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hg3 = 2675;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "Ts3 = 99.63;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "Cp = 2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "#hf2+x2*hfg2 = hg3+Cp*(Tsup3-Ts3);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x2 = (hg3+Cp*(Tsup3-Ts3)-hf2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x = x1*x2;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Quality of steam in pipe line(Dryness fraction) : %.4f\"%x\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Quality of steam in pipe line(Dryness fraction) : 0.9104\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 27 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.32 Page No : 50" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 1.5;\t\t\t#MPa\n", "p1 = p1*10**6/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p_gauge = 7;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p_at = 1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p2 = p_gauge+p_at;\t\t\t#bar\n", "p3 = 1;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 110;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "mw = 3.5;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "ms = 48;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "Cp = 2.1;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "x1 = ms/(ms+mw);\t\t\t#dryness\n", "hf2 = 720.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hfg2 = 2059.3;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hg3 = 2675.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "Ts3 = 99.63;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "\n", "# Calculations\n", "#hf2+x2*hfg2 = hg3+Cp*(Tsup3-Ts3);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x2 = (hg3+Cp*(Tsup3-Ts3)-hf2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "x = x1*x2;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "\n", "# Results\n", "print \"Quality of steam in pipe line(Dryness fraction) : %.4f\"%x\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Quality of steam in pipe line(Dryness fraction) : 0.8945\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 28 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.33 Page No : 54" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 20;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 360;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "pb = 0.08;\t\t\t#bar\n", "m = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "hf1 = 173.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "h1 = hf1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "wp = (p1-pb)/10;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "h2 = h1+wp;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "h3 = 3160.62;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "S3 = 6.994;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "Sf4 = 0.593;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "Sfg4 = 7.637;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "S3 = 6.994;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "#S3 = S4 = Sf4+x4*Sfg4\n", "x4 = (S3-Sf4)/Sfg4;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "hf4 = 173.9;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hfg4 = 2403.2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "h4 = hf4+x4*hfg4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "Ws = h3-h4-wp;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Net work done in KJ/Kg : %.3f\"%Ws\n", "\n", "EtaR = Ws/(h3-h2)*100;\t\t\t#%\n", "print \"Rankine efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%EtaR\n", "\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Net work done in KJ/Kg : 970.471\n", "Rankine efficiency in % : 32.51\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 30 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.34 Page No : 56" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\t\t\t\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 80;\t\t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 350;\t\t\t#degree C\n", "pb = 712.5/760*1.01325;\t\t\t#bar\n", "mdot = 2;\t\t\t#Kg/s\n", "#mdot = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n", "h3 = 2964.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(Molliers diagram)\n", "h4 = 2184.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(Molliers diagram)\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "WT = h3-h4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "WTdot = mdot*WT;\t\t\t#KW\n", "print \"Total turbine work in KW : \",WTdot\n", "\n", "wp = (p1-pb)/10;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "hf1 = 411.35;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "h1 = hf1;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "h2 = h1+wp;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "qi = h3-h2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "EtaR = (WT-wp)/qi*100;\t\t\t#%\n", "print \"Rankine efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%EtaR\n", "\n", "#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Total turbine work in KW : 1560.0\n", "Rankine efficiency in % : 30.34\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 31 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 6.35 Page No : 57" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables :\n", "p1 = 30.\t \t\t#bar\n", "Tsup3 = 350.\t\t\t#degree C\n", "pb = 0.5;\t\t\t#bar\n", "h1 = 340.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table, at 0.5 bar)\n", "Vw = 0.001;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n", "wp = (p1-pb)*10**5*Vw/1000;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "h2 = h1+wp;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "h3 = 2854.8;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table, at 30 bar)\n", "S3 = 6.286;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "S4 = S3;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "Sf4 = 1.091;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "Sfg4 = 6.503;\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n", "\n", "# Calculations and Results\n", "#S4 = Sf4+x4*Sfg4\n", "x4 = (S4-Sf4)/Sfg4;\t\t\t#dryness\n", "print \"Dryness fraction of steam entering in condenser : %.3f\"%x4\n", "hf4 = 340.5;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "hfg4 = 2305.4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg(from steam table)\n", "h4 = hf4+x4*hfg4;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "q = h3-h2;\t\t\t#\n", "print \"Heat supplied to stem in boiler in KJ : %.2f\"%q\n", "\n", "Ws = h3-h4-(h2-h1);\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n", "print \"Work done in KJ/Kg : %.2f\"%Ws\n", "\n", "steam_rate = 3600/Ws;\t\t\t#KJ/KWh\n", "print \"Steam rate per in KJ/Kwh : %.3f\"%steam_rate\n", "\n", "EtaR = Ws/(h3-h2)*100;\t\t\t#%\n", "print \"Rankine efficiency in %% : %.2f\"%EtaR\n", "\t\t\t#Steam table is used to get some data.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Dryness fraction of steam entering in condenser : 0.799\n", "Heat supplied to stem in boiler in KJ : 2511.35\n", "Work done in KJ/Kg : 669.65\n", "Steam rate per in KJ/Kwh : 5.376\n", "Rankine efficiency in % : 26.67\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 32 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }