{
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"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Chapter 1 : Thermodynamics Concepts"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.4 Page No : 21"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"m = 500;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"g = 7.925;\t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
"Z = 40; \t\t\t#Km\n",
"C = 2400;\t\t\t#Kmph\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"PE = m*g*Z*1000;\t \t\t#Nm\n",
"print (\"Relative to earth.\");\n",
"print \"Potential Energy in Nm : %.3e\"%PE\n",
"\n",
"KE = m*(C*1000./3600)**2/2;\t\t\t#Nm\n",
"print \"Kinetic Energy in Nm : %.3e\"%KE\n",
"print (\"Relative to moon.\");\n",
"\n",
"w = 2.94*m;\t \t\t #Nm\n",
"PE = w*Z*1000;\t \t\t#Nm\n",
"print \"Potential Energy in Nm : %.2e\"%PE\n",
"\n",
"KE = m*(C*1000./3600)**2/2;\t\t\t#Nm\n",
"print \"Kinetic Energy in Nm : %.3e\"%KE\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Relative to earth.\n",
"Potential Energy in Nm : 1.585e+08\n",
"Kinetic Energy in Nm : 1.111e+08\n",
"Relative to moon.\n",
"Potential Energy in Nm : 5.88e+07\n",
"Kinetic Energy in Nm : 1.111e+08\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.5 Page No : 22"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"VGR = 57.;\t \t\t#KN/m**2\n",
"Patm = 765.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#101.325KN/m**2 = 760 mm of Hg\n",
"VGR = VGR*760/101.325;\t\t\t#mm og Hg\n",
"Pabs = Patm-VGR;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Absolute pressure in mm of Hg : %.2f\"%(Pabs)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Absolute pressure in mm of Hg : 337.46\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.6 Page No : 22"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"g = 9.81; \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
"rho_o = 0.825*10**3;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
"rho_w = 1.*10**3;\t \t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
"rho_Hg = 13.45*10**3;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
"h_o = 50./100; \t \t\t#m\n",
"h_w = 65./100;\t \t \t#m\n",
"h_Hg = 45./100;\t\t \t #m\n",
"Patm = 1.01325;\t\t\t #bar\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"P_Hg = rho_Hg*g*h_Hg;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"P_w = rho_w*g*h_w;\t\t\t #N/m**2\n",
"P_o = rho_o*g*h_o;\t\t\t #N/m**2\n",
"Pbase = (Patm*10**5+P_Hg+P_o+P_w);\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"print \"Pressure at the base of column in N/m**2 : %.5e\"%Pbase\n",
"\n",
"P_OilWater = Patm*10**5+P_o;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"print \"Pressure at the oil-water surface in N/m**2 : %.5e\"%P_OilWater\n",
"\n",
"P_WaterMercury = Patm*10**5+P_o+P_w;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"print \"Pressure at the water-mercury surface in N/m**2 : %.5e\"%P_WaterMercury\n",
"\n",
"#Answer in the book is not accurate.\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Pressure at the base of column in N/m**2 : 1.71123e+05\n",
"Pressure at the oil-water surface in N/m**2 : 1.05372e+05\n",
"Pressure at the water-mercury surface in N/m**2 : 1.11748e+05\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.7 Page No : 23"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"rho = 1000.;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
"d = 0.3;\t \t\t#m\n",
"C = 1.5;\t\t \t#m/s\n",
"h = 4.5;\t\t \t#m\n",
"FlowRate = 2000.\t\t#Kg/min\n",
"d2 = 15./100;\t\t\t#diameter of discharging line in meter\n",
"t = 15. \t\t\t#min\n",
"r = 3.\t \t\t#m\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"WaterDischarge = rho*math.pi/4*(d/2)**2*C*t*60;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"WaterReceived = FlowRate*t; \t\t\t#Kg\n",
"NetWaterReceived = WaterReceived-WaterDischarge;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"print \"Mass change in tank in Kg : %.1f\"%(NetWaterReceived)\n",
"\n",
"#m = rho*A*h\n",
"h = NetWaterReceived/rho/(math.pi/4*r**2);\t\t\t#m\n",
"print \"Water level in meter : %.4f\"%(h)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Mass change in tank in Kg : 6143.5\n",
"Water level in meter : 0.8691\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.8 Page No : 23"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"Pmercury = 10.;\t\t\t#cm of Hg\n",
"Patm = 76. \t\t\t#cm of Hg\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"Pwater = 3.5/13.6 \t\t\t#cm of Hg\n",
"Pabs = Pmercury+Patm-Pwater;\t\t\t#cm of Hg\n",
"Pabs = Pabs/76*1.01325;\t\t \t#bar\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Absolute pressure of steam in bar : %.4f\"%(Pabs)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Absolute pressure of steam in bar : 1.1431\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 8
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.9 Page No : 23"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"Pmercury = 10.;\t\t\t#cm of Hg\n",
"Patm = 760. \t\t\t#mm of Hg\n",
"Patm = 1.01325 \t\t#bar\n",
"Pabs = 1.2 \t\t\t#bar\n",
"sg_oil = 0.8;\n",
"sg_water = 13.6;\n",
"sg_mercury = 13.6;\n",
"rho_w = 1000.\t\t\t#Kg.m**3\n",
"g = 9.81;\t \t\t#gravity constant\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"deltaP = Pabs-Patm;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"deltaP = deltaP*10**5;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"#deltaP = rho_o*g*h_o\n",
"rho_o = sg_oil*rho_w;\t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
"h_o = deltaP/rho_o/g;\t\t\t#m\n",
"print \"Height of fluid in oil manometer in meter : %.4f\"%(h_o)\n",
"\n",
"h_w = deltaP/rho_w/g;\t\t\t#m\n",
"print \"Height of fluid in water manometer in meter : %.4f\"%(h_w)\n",
"\n",
"rho_m = sg_mercury*rho_w;\t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
"h_m = deltaP/rho_m/g;\t\t \t#m\n",
"print \"Height of fluid in mercury manometer in meter : %.4f\"%(h_m)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Height of fluid in oil manometer in meter : 2.3796\n",
"Height of fluid in water manometer in meter : 1.9037\n",
"Height of fluid in mercury manometer in meter : 0.1400\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.10 Page No : 24"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"Patm = 75. \t\t\t#mm of Hg\n",
"Patm = Patm*1.01325/76;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"rho = 800. \t\t\t#Kg.m**3\n",
"h = 30/100. \t\t\t#m\n",
"g = 9.81 \t\t#gravity constant\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"deltaP = rho*g*h*10**-5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"Pabs = deltaP+Patm;\t\t\t #bar\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Absolute pressure of gas in bar : %.6f\"%(Pabs)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Absolute pressure of gas in bar : 1.023462\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 10
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.11 Page No : 24"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"h1 = 5.1/100; \t \t\t#m\n",
"h2 = 10./100;\t \t \t#m\n",
"Patm = 75.5;\t\t \t #mm of Hg\n",
"Patm = Patm*1.01325/76*10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"sg_k = 0.8;\n",
"sg_Hg = 13.6;\n",
"rho_w = 1000. \t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
"g = 9.81;\t\t \t#gravity constant\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"P_kerosine = sg_k*rho_w*g*h1;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"P_Hg = sg_Hg*rho_w*g*h2 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"Pabs = P_Hg+Patm-P_kerosine;\t\t\t#Nm**2\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Absolute pressure of gas in KPa : %.2f\"%(Pabs/1000)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Absolute pressure of gas in KPa : 113.60\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.12 Page No : 24"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"from numpy import *\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"t_ice = 0;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"p_ice = 1.5;\n",
"t_steam = 100;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"p_steam = 7.5;\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#t = a*math.log(p)+b\n",
"#solving for a and b by matrix\n",
"A = array([[math.log(p_ice), 1],[math.log(p_steam) ,1]])\n",
"B = array([t_ice,t_steam])\n",
"#X = A**-1*B;\n",
"X = linalg.solve(A,B)\n",
"a = X[0]\n",
"b = X[1]\n",
"p = 3.5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"t = a*math.log(p)+b;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Temperature scale in degree C : %.2f\"%t\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Temperature scale in degree C : 52.65\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.13 Page No : 25"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"theta1_p1 = 273.16;\t\t\t#K\n",
"p_gauge1 = 32.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n",
"p_atm = 752.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n",
"p_gauge2 = 76.;\t\t\t#mm of Hg\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"P1 = p_gauge1+p_atm;\t\t \t #mm of Hg\n",
"P2 = p_gauge2+p_atm;\t \t \t#mm of Hg\n",
"theta2_p2 = theta1_p1*(P2/P1);\t\t\t#in K\n",
"theta2_p2 = theta2_p2-273;\t\t \t#degree C\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Temperature in degree C : %.2f\"%theta2_p2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Temperature in degree C : 15.49\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 19
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.14 Page No : 25"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"R0 = 2.8;\t\t\t#ohm\n",
"t0 = 0;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"R1 = 3.8;\t\t\t#ohm\n",
"t1 = 100;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"R2 = 5.8;\t\t\t#ohm\\\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#R = R0*(1+alfa*t)\n",
"alfa = (R1/R0-1)/t1;\n",
"t2 = (R2/R0-1)/alfa;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Temperature at R2 in degree C : \",t2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Temperature at R2 in degree C : 300.0\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 19
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.16 Page No : 26"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"#F = 2*C;\n",
"FbyC = 2;\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"C = 32./(FbyC-9./5);\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"F = C*FbyC; \t\t\t#degree F\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Temperature fluid in degree R : \",F+460\n",
"print \"Temperature fluid in degree K : \",C+273\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Temperature fluid in degree R : 780.0\n",
"Temperature fluid in degree K : 433.0\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 20
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.17 Page No : 26"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"from numpy import *\n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"T1 = 0.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"K1 = 1.83;\n",
"T2 = 100.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"K2 = 6.78;\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#T = a*math.log(K)+b\n",
"#solving for a and b by matrix\n",
"A = array([[math.log(K1),1],[math.log(K2), 1]])\n",
"B = array([T1,T2])\n",
"X = linalg.solve(A,B)\n",
"a = X[0]\n",
"b = X[1]\n",
"K = 2.42;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"T = a*math.log(K)+b;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Temperature in degree C : %.3f\"%T\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Temperature in degree C : 21.338\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 23
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.18 Page No : 27"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"#t = N/30-100/3\n",
"#t = N\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"N = (-100./3)/(1-1./30);\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Temperatur at which degree C equals to degree N(degree C) : %.2f\"%N\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Temperatur at which degree C equals to degree N(degree C) : -34.48\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 21
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.19 Page No : 28"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"#epsilon = 0.2*t-5*10**-4*t**2;\t\t\t#mV\n",
"t_ice = 0. \t\t\t#degree C\n",
"epsilon_ice = 0.2*t_ice-5*10**-4*t_ice**2;\t\t\t#mV\n",
"t_steam = 100. \t\t\t#degree C\n",
"epsilon_steam = 0.2*t_steam-5*10**-4*t_steam**2;\t\t\t#mV\n",
"\n",
"#At t = 60;\n",
"t = 60;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"epsilon = 0.2*t-5*10**-4*t**2;\t\t\t#mV\n",
"reading = (t_steam-t_ice)/(epsilon_steam-epsilon_ice)*(epsilon-epsilon_ice)\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Thermometer will read(degree C) : \",reading\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Thermometer will read(degree C) : 68.0\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 26
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.20 Page No : 28"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"from numpy import *\n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"tA1 = 0.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"tB1 = 0.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"tA2 = 100.\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"tB2 = 100.\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"#tA = l+m*tB+n*tb**2\n",
"l = 0;\t\t\t#by putting tA and tB equals to zero\n",
"\n",
"#tA = m*tB+n*tB**2\n",
"#Thermometer immersed in oil bath\n",
"tA1 = 51.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"tB1 = 50.;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"#solving for m and n by matrix\n",
"A = array([[tB1 ,tB1**2],[tB2, tB2**2]])\n",
"B = array([tA1,tA2])\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"X = linalg.solve(A,B);\n",
"m = X[0]\n",
"n = X[1]\n",
"tA = 25;\t\t\t#degree centigrade\n",
"P = [n ,m ,-tA];\t\t\t#polynomial for calculation of tB\n",
"tB = roots(P);\n",
"tB = tB[1];\t\t\t#neglecting +ve sign\n",
"print \"When A reads 25 degree C, B reading in degree C : %.3f\"%tB\n",
"\n",
"#let tB = 25;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"tB = 25;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"tA = l+m*tB+n*tB**2;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"print \"When B reads 25 degree C, A reading in degree C : \",tA\n",
"print (\"B is correct. A shows error greater than B.\")\n",
"#Answer is not accurate in the book.\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"When A reads 25 degree C, B reading in degree C : 24.265\n",
"When B reads 25 degree C, A reading in degree C : 25.75\n",
"B is correct. A shows error greater than B.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 22
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.21 Page No : 33"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"p = 10.;\t \t\t#bar\n",
"T = 327.+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"M = 42.4;\n",
"m = 1. \t\t\t#Kg\n",
"Rdegree = 8314.3;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"R = Rdegree/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"V = m*R*T/p/10**5;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n",
"print \"Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; %.4f\"%V\n",
"\n",
"rho = m/V;\t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
"print \"Density of gas in Kg/m**3 : %.3f\"%rho\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Specific volume in m**3/Kg ; 0.1177\n",
"Density of gas in Kg/m**3 : 8.499\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 23
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.22 Page No : 33"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"Rdegree = 8314.3;\t\t\t#Universal Gas Consmath.tant\n",
"M = 32. \t\t\t#Molecular weight of gas\n",
"p1 = 3*10.**6. \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"V1 = 250*10.**-3\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"T1 = 20+273. \t\t\t#K\n",
"p2 = 1.8*10**6 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"V2 = V1; \t\t\t#m**3\n",
"T2 = 16+273. \t\t\t#K\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"R = Rdegree/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"m1 = p1*V1/R/T1;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"m2 = p2*V2/R/T2;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"mass_used = m1-m2;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Mass of oxygen used in Kg : %.4f\"%mass_used\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Mass of oxygen used in Kg : 3.8589\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 24
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.23 Page No : 34"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"Rdegree = 8314.3;\t\t\t#Universal Gas Consmath.tant\n",
"r = 12. \t\t\t#meter\n",
"Patm = 75.\t\t \t#cm of Hg\n",
"Patm = Patm/76*1.01325*10**5;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"V = 4./3*math.pi*r**3;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"M_air = 28.97;\n",
"M_H2 = 2.\n",
"Tair = 18.+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"g = 9.81; \t\t\t#gravity consmath.tant\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"Rair = Rdegree/M_air;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"RH2 = Rdegree/M_H2;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"#p*V = m*R*T\n",
"m_air = Patm*V/Rair/Tair;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"print \"Mass of air in kg : %.2f\"%m_air\n",
"\n",
"n_air = m_air/M_air;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"print \"No. of moles : %.2f\"%n_air\n",
"\n",
"m_H2 = n_air*M_H2;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"print \"Mass of H2 in kg : %.2f\"%m_H2\n",
"\n",
"Load = g*(m_air-m_H2);\t\t\t#N\n",
"print \"Load balloon can lift in N ; %.1f\"%Load\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Mass of air in kg : 8666.15\n",
"No. of moles : 299.14\n",
"Mass of H2 in kg : 598.28\n",
"Load balloon can lift in N ; 79145.8\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 25
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.24 Page No : 35"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"p1 = 1. \t\t\t#bar\n",
"p2 = 0.45;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"R = 287.\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n",
"V = 40. \t\t\t#m**3\n",
"V1 = 40.\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"V2 = 40.\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"T1 = 35.+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"T2 = 5.+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"m = p1*10**5*V1/R/T1-p2*10**5*V2/R/T2\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Mass of air removed in Kg : %.2f\"%m\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Mass of air removed in Kg : 22.691\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 37
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.26 Page No : 45"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"m = 1. \t \t\t#Kg\n",
"t = 80.\t \t \t#degree C\n",
"mw = 10.\t\t \t#Kg\n",
"t1 = 25.\t\t \t#degree C\n",
"delta_t = 5;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"t2 = delta_t+t1;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"Sw = 4.187;\t\t\t#Kj/KgK\n",
"#m*S*(t-t2) = mw*Sw*(t2-t1)\n",
"S = mw*Sw*(t2-t1)/m/(t-t2);\t\t\t#Kj/KgK\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Specific heat of metal in KJ/KgK : \",S\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Specific heat of metal in KJ/KgK : 4.187\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 38
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.27 Page No : 45"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"m = 500.;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"t1 = 45.;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"t0 = 5.;\t\t\t#degree C\n",
"CP = 4.18;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg-degree C\n",
"Qdot = 41.87;\t\t\t#MJ/hr\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"Q = m*CP*(t1-t0);\t\t\t#KJ\n",
"Q = Q/1000;\t\t\t#MJ\n",
"Time = Q/Qdot;\t\t\t#hrs\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Time required in hours : %.5f\"%Time\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Time required in hours : 1.99666\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 26
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.28 Page No : 45"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import scipy\n",
"from scipy.integrate import quad \n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"V1 = 2;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"V2 = 4;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"def f24(V): \n",
"\t return 10**5*(V**2+6*V)\n",
"\n",
"W = quad(f24,V1,V2)[0]\n",
"\n",
"W = W/1000.;\t\t\t#KJ\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Work done in KJ : %.1f\"%W\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Work done in KJ : 5466.7\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 10
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.29 Page No : 46"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"from scipy.integrate import quad \n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"p1 = 3.;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"V1 = 0.18;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n",
"p2 = 0.6;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"C = p1*10**5*V1**2;\t\t\t#Nm\n",
"V2 = math.sqrt((p1/p2)*V1**2);\t\t\t#m**3Kg\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"def f27(V): \n",
" return C/V**2\n",
"\n",
"W = quad(f27,V1,V2)[0]\n",
"\n",
"W = W/1000;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Work done in KJ/Kg : %.3f\"%W\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Work done in KJ/Kg : 29.850\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 44
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.30 Page No : 46"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"from numpy import *\n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"W = 160.\t \t\t#kJ\n",
"W = W*1000.\t\t \t#J\n",
"V1 = 800. \t\t\t#litres\n",
"V1 = V1/1000.\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#p = 7-3*V\n",
"#[7*(V2-V1)-1.5*(V2**2-V1**2)]-W/10**5 = 0;\t\t\t#Nm or J\n",
"#7*V2-7*V1-1.5*V2**2+1.5*V1**2-W/10**5;\t\t\t#Nm or J\n",
"#P = [-10**5*1.5 10**5*7 -10**5*7*V1+10**5*1.5*V1**2-W]\n",
"P = array([-1.5, 7, -7*V1+1.5*V1**2-W/10**5])\n",
"V2 = roots(P);\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"V2 = V2[1]\t\t\t #(V2(1) gives -ve value which is not possible)\n",
"print \"Final Volume in m**3 : %.4f\"%V2\n",
"\n",
"P2 = 7-3*V2;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"print \"Final Pressure in bar : %.3f\"%P2\n",
"#Answer is wrong in the book as calculation is wrong for V2.\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Final Volume in m**3 : 1.2000\n",
"Final Pressure in bar : 3.400\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.31 Page No : 47"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import scipy\n",
"from scipy.integrate import quad \n",
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"p0 = 1. \t\t\t#bar\n",
"p0 = p0*10**5;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"V1 = 0;\t\t \t#m**3\n",
"V2 = 0.7;\t\t\t #m**3\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#No p.dV work for cylinder as boundaries are \n",
"def f18(V): \n",
" return 1.\n",
"\n",
"W = p0* quad(f18,V1,V2)[0]\n",
"\n",
"W = W/1000.;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Workdone by the system in KJ : \",W\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Workdone by the system in KJ : 70.0\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 46
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.32 Page No : 48"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import scipy\n",
"from scipy.integrate import quad \n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"p0 = 101.3;\t\t\t#KPa\n",
"V1 = 1.2;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"V2 = 0;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"def f6(V): \n",
"\t return 1\n",
"\n",
"W = p0* quad(f6,V1,V2)[0]\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Workdone by the air in KJ : \",W\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Workdone by the air in KJ : -121.56\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 47
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.33 Page No : 48"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import scipy\n",
"from scipy.integrate import quad \n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"T1 = 300;\t\t\t#K\n",
"T2 = 2300;\t\t\t#K\n",
"Gamma = 1.5;\n",
"m = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"def f14(T): \n",
"\t return m*(0.85+0.00004*T+5*10**-5*T**2)\n",
"\n",
"H2subH1 = quad(f14,T1,T2)[0]\n",
"\n",
"print \"Change in enthalpy in KJ/Kg : %.1f\"%H2subH1\n",
"\n",
"def f15(T): \n",
"\t return m*(0.85+0.00004*T+5*10**-5*T**2)/Gamma\n",
"\n",
"U2subU1 = quad(f15,T1,T2)[0]\n",
"\n",
"print \"Change in internal energy in KJ : %.1f\"%U2subU1\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Change in enthalpy in KJ/Kg : 204137.3\n",
"Change in internal energy in KJ : 136091.6\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 12
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.34 Page No : 53"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"m = 1.; \t\t\t #Kg\n",
"v = 1.;\t \t\t#m**3\n",
"T = 127.+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"a = 138.;\t\t \t#KNm**4/(Kgmol)**2\n",
"a = a*10.**3;\t\t\t#Nm**4/(Kgmol)**2\n",
"M_O2 = 32.;\t\t\t #\n",
"vm = v*M_O2;\t\t\t#m**3/Kgmol\n",
"\n",
"#p*v = n*R*T\n",
"n = 1.\n",
"R = 8314.3;\t\t\t #gas constant\n",
"p = n*R*T/vm;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"print \"Pressure using perfect gas equation in N/m**2 : %.1f\"%p\n",
"\n",
"#[p+a/vm**2]*[vm-b] = R*T\n",
"b = 0.0318;\n",
"p = R*T/(vm-b)-a/vm**2;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"print \"Pressure using Vander Walls equation in N/m**2 : %.1f\"%p\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Pressure using perfect gas equation in N/m**2 : 103928.7\n",
"Pressure using Vander Walls equation in N/m**2 : 103897.4\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 34
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.35 Page No : 54"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"m = 22.;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"T = 300.;\t\t\t#K\n",
"V = 5.; \t\t\t#m**3\n",
"M = 44.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n",
"a = 362.9;\t\t\t#KNm**4/Kgmol**2\n",
"b = 0.0314;\t\t\t#m**3/Kgmol\n",
"Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#gas consmath.tant\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"R = Rdash/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"p = m*R*T/V;\t\t\t#Pa\n",
"p = p/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"print \"Pressure, when gas behaves like a perfect gas in bar : %.4f\"%p\n",
"\n",
"Vdash = V/m*M;\t\t\t#m**3/Kgmole\n",
"#[p+a/vm**2]*[vm-b] = R*T\n",
"p = Rdash*T/(Vdash-b)-a*10**3/Vdash**2;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"print \"Pressure umath.sing Vander Walls equation in bar : %.4f\"%(p/10**5)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Pressure, when gas behaves like a perfect gas in bar : 2.4943\n",
"Pressure umath.sing Vander Walls equation in bar : 2.4659\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 35
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.36 Page No : 54"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"pc = 37.7;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"Tc = 132.5;\t\t\t#K\n",
"vc = 0.093;\t\t\t#m**3Kgmol\n",
"R = 287.;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"m = 10.;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"T = 300.;\t\t\t#K\n",
"V = 0.3;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"a = 27.*R**2*Tc**2./64./pc/10**5;\n",
"b = R*Tc/8/pc/10**5;\t\t\t#\n",
"#(p+a/V**2)*(V-b) = R*T\n",
"p = R*T/(V-b)-a/V**2;\t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
"p = p/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Pressure exerted by air in bar : %.4f\"%p\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Pressure exerted by air in bar : 2.8641\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 36
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.37 Page No : 55"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"pc = 221.2;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"Tc = 374.15+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"p = 100.;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"T = 400.+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"R = 462.;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#p*v = R*T\n",
"v = R*T/p/10**5;\t\t\t#m**3/Kg\n",
"print \"Specific volume, v by perfect gas equation in m**3/Kg : %.5f\"%v\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"pr = p/pc;\n",
"Tr = T/Tc;\n",
"Z = 0.84;\t\t\t#From compressibility chart\n",
"v = Z*R*T/p/10**5\n",
"print \"Specific volume, v by compressibility chart in m**3/Kg : %.5f\"%v\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Specific volume, v by perfect gas equation in m**3/Kg : 0.03109\n",
"Specific volume, v by compressibility chart in m**3/Kg : 0.02612\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 37
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.38 Page No : 55"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"pr = 5;\n",
"Z = 0.8;\n",
"pc = 46.4;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"Tc = 191.1;\t\t\t#K\n",
"Tr = 1.44;\t\t\t#\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"p = pr*pc;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"print \"Pressure in bar : \",p\n",
"\n",
"T = Tr*Tc;\t\t\t#K\n",
"print \"Temperature in K : \",T\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Pressure in bar : 232.0\n",
"Temperature in K : 275.184\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 60
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.39 Page No : 56"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"V = 0.01653;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"m = 5.6; \t\t\t#Kg\n",
"M = 28. \t \t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n",
"p = 200.\t\t \t#bar\n",
"Z = 0.605;\n",
"Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n",
"R = Rdash/M;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#p*V = m*Z*R*T\n",
"T = p*10**5*V/m/Z/R;\t\t\t#K\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Temperature in K : %.2f\"%T\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Temperature in K : 328.62\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 38
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.40 Page No : 61"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"mCO = 0.45;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"mAir = 1;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"V = 0.4;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"T = 15.+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"MCO = 28.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmo\n",
"MO2 = 32.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n",
"MN2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"mO2 = 23.3/100*mAir;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"mN2 = 76.7/100*mAir;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n",
"#p*V = m*Z*R*T\n",
"pCO = mCO*Rdash/MCO*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"pO2 = mO2*Rdash/MO2*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"pN2 = mN2*Rdash/MN2*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Pressure of CO in bar : %.4f\"%pCO\n",
"print \"Pressure of O2 in bar : %.4f\"%pO2\n",
"print \"Pressure of N2 in bar : %.4f\"%pN2\n",
"p = pCO+pO2+pN2;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"print \"Total pressure in vessel in bar : %.4f\"%p\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Pressure of CO in bar : 0.9621\n",
"Pressure of O2 in bar : 0.4359\n",
"Pressure of N2 in bar : 1.6398\n",
"Total pressure in vessel in bar : 3.0378\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 39
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.41 Page No : 61"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"ma = 0.4;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"mb = 0.8;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"Ma = 44.;\n",
"Mb = 29.;\n",
"V = 0.4;\t\t\t#m**3\n",
"T = 300.;\t\t\t#K\n",
"Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"Ra = Rdash/Ma;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"Rb = Rdash/Mb;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"na = ma/Ma;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"nb = mb/Mb;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"#p*V = n*R*T\n",
"pa = na*Rdash/1000*T/V;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"pb = nb*Rdash/1000*T/V;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print \"Pressure of container A in KPa : %.2f\"%pa\n",
"print \"Pressure of container B in KPa : %.2f\"%pb\n",
"p = pa+pb;\t\t\t#Kpa\n",
"print \"Pressure of mixture in KPa : %.2f\"%p\n",
"\n",
"#Ans of Pb is wrong in the book.\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Pressure of container A in KPa : 56.69\n",
"Pressure of container B in KPa : 172.02\n",
"Pressure of mixture in KPa : 228.71\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 40
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.42 Page No : 62"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"\t\t\t\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n",
"mO2 = 23.15/100;\n",
"mN2 = 75.52/100;\n",
"mArgon = 1.29/100;\n",
"mCO2 = 0.04/100;\n",
"MO2 = 32.;\n",
"MN2 = 28.;\n",
"MArgon = 40.;\n",
"MCO2 = 44.;\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"RO2 = Rdash/MO2;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n",
"RN2 = Rdash/MN2;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n",
"RArgon = Rdash/MArgon;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n",
"RCO2 = Rdash/MCO2;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n",
"R = (mO2*RO2+mN2*RN2+RArgon*mArgon+RCO2*mCO2)/(mO2+mN2+mArgon+mCO2);\t\t\t#J/KgK\n",
"print \"Characteristic gas constant for air in J/KgK : %.2f\"%R\n",
"\n",
"M = Rdash/R;\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n",
"print \"Molecular weight of air in Kg/Kgmol : %.3f\"%M\n",
"\n",
"p = 1.013; \t\t\t#bar\n",
"nO2 = mO2/MO2;\t \t\t#moles\n",
"nCO2 = mCO2/MCO2;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"nN2 = mN2/MN2;\t\t \t#moles\n",
"nArgon = mArgon/MArgon;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"n = nO2+nN2+nArgon+nCO2;\n",
"pO2 = nO2/n*p;\t\t \t#bar\n",
"pN2 = nN2/n*p;\t\t \t #bar\n",
"pArgon = nArgon/n*p;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"pCO2 = nCO2/n*p;\t \t\t#bar\n",
"\n",
"print \"Pressure of O2 in bar : %.4f\"%pO2\n",
"print \"Pressure of N2 in bar : %.4f\"%pN2\n",
"print \"Pressure of Argon in bar : %.4f\"%pArgon\n",
"print \"Pressure of CO2 in bar : %.5f\"%pCO2\n",
"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Characteristic gas constant for air in J/KgK : 287.15\n",
"Molecular weight of air in Kg/Kgmol : 28.954\n",
"Pressure of O2 in bar : 0.2122\n",
"Pressure of N2 in bar : 0.7911\n",
"Pressure of Argon in bar : 0.0095\n",
"Pressure of CO2 in bar : 0.00027\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 41
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.43 Page No : 63"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
" \n",
"# Variables :\n",
"yO2 = 0.3;\n",
"yN2 = 0.5;\n",
"yCO2 = 0.2;\n",
"V = 1.; \t\t\t#m**3\n",
"T = 27+273;\t\t\t#K\n",
"m = 8.;\t \t\t#Kg\n",
"MO2 = 32.;\n",
"MN2 = 28.;\n",
"MCO2 = 44.;\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations and Results\n",
"M = 1/(yO2/MO2+yN2/MN2+yCO2/MCO2);\t\t\t#Kg/Kgmol\n",
"print \"Molecular mass for mixture in Kg/Kgmol : %.3f\"%M\n",
"\n",
"Rdash = 8314.3;\t\t\t#J/Kgk\n",
"R = Rdash/M;\t\t\t#Nm/KgK\n",
"print \"Gas consmath.tant R of mixture in Nm/KgK : %.1f\"%R\n",
"\n",
"p = m*R*T/V/10**5;\t\t\t#bar\n",
"print \"Pressure exerted by gases in bar : %.3f\"%p\n",
"\n",
"nO2 = yO2/MO2*m;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"nCO2 = yCO2/MCO2*m;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"nN2 = yN2/MN2*m;\t\t\t#moles\n",
"print \"Mole fraction of O2(moles) : %.4f\"%nO2\n",
"print \"Mole fraction of N2(moles) : %.4f\"%nN2\n",
"print \"Mole fraction of CO2(moles) : %.4f\"%nCO2\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Molecular mass for mixture in Kg/Kgmol : 31.469\n",
"Gas consmath.tant R of mixture in Nm/KgK : 264.2\n",
"Pressure exerted by gases in bar : 6.341\n",
"Mole fraction of O2(moles) : 0.0750\n",
"Mole fraction of N2(moles) : 0.1429\n",
"Mole fraction of CO2(moles) : 0.0364\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 42
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 1.44 Page No : 64"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Variables :\n",
"mN2 = 4.;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"mO2 = 2.4;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"mCO2 = 1.6;\t\t\t#Kg\n",
"MO2 = 32.;\n",
"MN2 = 28.;\n",
"MCO2 = 44.;\n",
"Gamma = 1.4;\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"#Rdash = Cpdash*(1-1/Gamma)\n",
"Rdash = 8.3143;\t\t\t#J/KgK\n",
"Cpdash = Rdash*Gamma/(Gamma-1);\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n",
"Cvdash = Cpdash/Gamma;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n",
"CpO2 = Cpdash/MO2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n",
"CpN2 = Cpdash/MN2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n",
"CpCO2 = Cpdash/MCO2;\t\t\t#KJ/KgmolK\n",
"CvO2 = Cvdash/MO2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n",
"CvN2 = Cvdash/MN2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n",
"CvCO2 = Cvdash/MCO2;\t\t\t#KJ/Kg\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# Results\n",
"print (\"Specific heat of gases : \");\n",
"print \"For N2, Cp is %.3f\"%(CpN2),\" KJ/Kg & Cv is %.4f\"%CvN2,\" KJ/Kg.\"\n",
"print \"For O2, Cp is %.3f\"%CpO2,\" KJ/Kg & Cv is %.4f\"%CvO2,\" KJ/Kg.\"\n",
"print \"For CO2, Cp is %.3f\"%CpCO2,\" KJ/Kg & Cv is %.4f\"%CvCO2,\" KJ/Kg.\"\n",
"Cp = (mO2*CpO2+mN2*CpN2+mCO2*CpCO2)/(mO2+mN2+mCO2);\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n",
"print \"Specific heat of mixture, Cp in KJ/KgK : %.5f\"%Cp\n",
"Cv = (mO2*CvO2+mN2*CvN2+mCO2*CvCO2)/(mO2+mN2+mCO2);\t\t\t#KJ/KgK\n",
"print \"Specific heat of mixture, Cv in KJ/KgK : %.4f\"%Cv\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Specific heat of gases : \n",
"For N2, Cp is 1.039 KJ/Kg & Cv is 0.7423 KJ/Kg.\n",
"For O2, Cp is 0.909 KJ/Kg & Cv is 0.6496 KJ/Kg.\n",
"For CO2, Cp is 0.661 KJ/Kg & Cv is 0.4724 KJ/Kg.\n",
"Specific heat of mixture, Cp in KJ/KgK : 0.92473\n",
"Specific heat of mixture, Cv in KJ/KgK : 0.6605\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 44
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}