{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:1f1031fc7a31a26f2df358a4d88897e7d62132cd9ac575d363637d46b39b8c4e" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter 2 : Kinematics of Motion" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 2.1 Page No: 13 " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math \n", "\n", "# Variables:\n", "u1 = 0\n", "v1 = 72.*1000./3600 \t\t\t#m/s\n", "s1 = 500. \t\t\t #m\n", "\n", "# Solution:\n", "# Calculating the initial acceleration of the car\n", "a1 = (v1**2-u1**2)/(2*s1) \t\t\t#m/s**2\n", "#Calculating time taken by the car to attain the speed\n", "t1 = (v1-u1)/a1 \t\t\t#seconds\n", "#Parameters for the second case\n", "u2 = v1\n", "v2 = 90.*1000/3600 \t\t\t#m/s\n", "t2 = 10. \t\t\t#seconds\n", "\n", "#Calculating the acceleration for the second case\n", "a2 = (v2-u2)/t2 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n", "#Calculating the distance moved by the car in the second case\n", "s2 = (u2*t2)+(a2/2*t2**2)\n", "#Parameters for the third case\n", "u3 = v2\n", "v3 = 0 \t\t\t#m/s\n", "t3 = 5 \t\t\t#seconds\n", "#Calculating the distance moved by the car\n", "s3 = (u3+v3)*t3/2 \t\t\t#m\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \" The acceleration of the car, a = %.1f m/s**2. \"%(a1)\n", "print \" The car takes t = %d s to attain the speed.\"%(t1)\n", "print \" The acceleration of the car in the second case, a = %.1f m/s**2.\"%(a2)\n", "print \" The distance moved by the cars = %d m.\"%(s2)\n", "print \" The distance travelled by the car during braking, s = %.1f m.\"%(s3)\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " The acceleration of the car, a = 0.4 m/s**2. \n", " The car takes t = 50 s to attain the speed.\n", " The acceleration of the car in the second case, a = 0.5 m/s**2.\n", " The distance moved by the cars = 225 m.\n", " The distance travelled by the car during braking, s = 62.5 m.\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 2.2 Page no : 14" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# variables\n", "t = 1. # second\n", "v = 6.25 # m/s\n", "\n", "# calculations and results\n", "C1 = v - 0.25 +t -5\n", "\n", "# when t = 2\n", "t = 2.\n", "v = t**4/4 - t**3 + 5*t + 2\n", "print \"Velocity at t=2 seconds, V = %.f m/s\"%v\n", "\n", "# when t = 1 seconds and s = 8.30 m.\n", "t = 1.\n", "s = 8.30\n", "C2 = s - 1./20 + 1./4 - 5./2 - 2\n", "t = 2. # seconds\n", "s = t**5/20 - t**4/4 + 5*t**2/2 + 2*t + 4\n", "print \"Displacement = %.1f m\"%s\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Velocity at t=2 seconds, V = 8 m/s\n", "Displacement = 15.6 m\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 2.3 Page No: 15" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math \n", "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", "\n", "# Variables:\n", "#Initial parameters\n", "v0 = 100. \t\t\t#kmph\n", "t0 = 0\n", "#Parameters at the end of 40 seconds\n", "v1 = 90./100*v0 \t\t\t#kmph\n", "t1 = 40. \t\t\t#seconds\n", "\n", "#Solution:\n", "#The acceleration is given by\n", "#a = (-dv/dt) = k*v\n", "#Integrating\n", "#we get ln(v) = -k*t+C\n", "#Calculating the constant of integration\n", "def f3(v): \n", " return 1./v\n", "\n", "C = quad(f3,1,100)[0]\n", "\n", "#Calculating the constant of proportionality\n", "k = (C-2.3*math.log10(90))/40\n", "#Time after 120 seconds\n", "t2 = 120. \t\t\t#seconds\n", "#Calculating the velocity after 120 seconds\n", "v120 = 10**((-k*t2+C)/2.29)\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \" The velocity at the end of 120 seconds = %.1f kmph.\"%(v120)\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " The velocity at the end of 120 seconds = 73.5 kmph.\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 2.5 Page No: 17" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "import math \n", "from matplotlib.pyplot import *\n", "\n", "# Variables:\n", "s = 500. #mm\n", "s1 = 125. #mm\n", "s2 = 250. #mm\n", "s3 = 125. \t\t#mm\n", "t = 1. \t\t\t#second\n", "\n", "#Solution:\n", "#Matrices for the velocity vs. time graph\n", "V = [0 ,750.,750.,0] \t\t\t#The velocity matrix\n", "T = [0,1./3,2./3,1] \t\t\t#The time matrix\n", "plot(T,V)\n", "xlabel(\"Time\")\n", "ylabel(\"Velocity\")\n", "#Calculating the time of uniform acceleration\n", "\n", "#Equating the time taken to complete the stroke to 1 second\n", "v = (125/(1./2)+250/1+125/(1./2))/1 \t\t\t#mm/s\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "show()\n", "print \" The maximum cutting speed v = %d mm/s.\"%(v)\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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"text": [ "" ] }, { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " The maximum cutting speed v = 750 mm/s.\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 2.6 Page No: 19" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# Variables:\n", "N0 = 0\n", "N = 2000. \t\t\t#rpm\n", "t = 20. \t\t\t#seconds\n", "\n", "#Solution:\n", "#Calculating the angular velocities\n", "omega0 = 0\n", "omega = 2*math.pi*N/60 \t\t\t#rad/s\n", "#Calculating the angular acceleration\n", "alpha = (omega-omega0)/t \t\t\t#rad/s**2\n", "#Calculating the angular distance moved by the wheel during 2000 rpm\n", "theta = (omega0+omega)*t/2 \t\t\t#rad\n", "#Calculating the number of revolutions made by the wheel\n", "n = theta/(2*math.pi)\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \" The angular acceleration of the wheel, alpha = %.3f rad/s**2.\"%(alpha)\n", "print \" The wheel makes n = %.1f revolutions.\"%(n)\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " The angular acceleration of the wheel, alpha = 10.472 rad/s**2.\n", " The wheel makes n = 333.3 revolutions.\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 2.7 Page No: 21" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math \n", "\n", "# Variables:\n", "r = 1.5 \t\t\t#m\n", "N0 = 1200.\n", "N = 1500. \t\t\t#rpm\n", "t = 5. \t\t\t#seconds\n", "\n", "#Solution:\n", "#Calculating the angular velocities\n", "omega0 = 2*math.pi*N0/60\n", "omega = 2*math.pi*N/60 \t\t\t#rad/s\n", "#Calculating the linear velocity at the beginning\n", "v0 = r*omega0 \t\t\t#m/s\n", "#Calculating the linear velocity at the end of 5 seconds\n", "v5 = r*omega \t\t\t#m/s\n", "#Calculating the angular acceleration\n", "alpha = (omega-omega0)/t \t\t\t#ad/s**2\n", "#Calculating the math.tangential acceleration after 5 seconds\n", "TangentialAcceleration = alpha*(r/2) \t\t\t#m/s**2\n", "#Calculating the radial acceleration after 5 seconds\n", "RadialAcceleration = (round(omega)**2)*(r/2) \t\t\t#m/s**2\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \" The linear velocity at the beginning, v0 = %.1f m/s.\"%(v0)\n", "print \" The linear velocity after 5 seconds, v5 = %.1f m/s.\"%(v5)\n", "print \" The tangential acceleration after 5 seconds is %.1f m/s**2.\"%(TangentialAcceleration)\n", "print \" The radial acceleration after 5 seconds is %.f m/s**2.\"%(RadialAcceleration)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " The linear velocity at the beginning, v0 = 188.5 m/s.\n", " The linear velocity after 5 seconds, v5 = 235.6 m/s.\n", " The tangential acceleration after 5 seconds is 4.7 m/s**2.\n", " The radial acceleration after 5 seconds is 18487 m/s**2.\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 4 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }