{ "metadata": { "name": "" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter 3 : Fundamental concepts of Stoichiometry" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.1 page no : 41" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables \n", "\n", "m = 1000 * 0.4536; #kg/min pounds\n", "M = 30.24; #gm/mol avg. molecular weight\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "m1 = m * 60 / M;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"molar folw rate = \",m1,\"kmol/hr\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "molar folw rate = 900.0 kmol/hr\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.2 page no : 42" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables \n", "MK = 39.1; #potassium\n", "MC = 12.0; # carbon\n", "MO = 16.; # oxygen\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "MK2CO3 = MK * 2 + MC + MO * 3;\n", "m = 691.;\n", "N = m / MK2CO3;\n", "A = 6.023 * 10**23;\n", "molecules = N * A;\n", "\n", "# Result \n", "print \"Total no. of molecules = %.4e molecules\"%molecules\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Total no. of molecules = 3.0115e+24 molecules\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.3 page no : 43" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables \n", "Na = 23.; #gm/mol weight of sodium\n", "MNa = 100.; #kg sodium\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "N = MNa * 1000 / Na ; #g-atoms \n", "NNa2SO4 = N / 2;\n", "\n", "# Result \n", "print \"(a) moles of sodium sulphate = %.3e mol\"%NNa2SO4\n", "MNa2SO4 = 142.06;\n", "m = NNa2SO4 * MNa2SO4/1000;\n", "print \"(b)kilograms of sodium sulphate = %.2f kg\"%m\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a) moles of sodium sulphate = 2.174e+03 mol\n", "(b)kilograms of sodium sulphate = 308.83 kg\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.4 page no : 43" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables \n", "MFe = 55.85; \n", "MO = 16.;\n", "MS = 32.;\n", "MFeS2 = MFe + MS * 2; # molecular weight of FeS2\n", "MFe2O3 = MFe * 2 + MO * 3; # molecular weight of Fe2O3\n", "MSO3 = MS + MO * 3; # molecular weight of SO3\n", "m1SO3 = 100.; #kg\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "N1 = m1SO3 / (MSO3); #kmol\n", "NFeS2 = N1 / 2;\n", "mFeS2 = NFeS2 * MFeS2;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"mass of pyrites to obtain 100kg of SO3 = %.2f kg\"%mFeS2\n", "m2SO3 = 50.; #kg\n", "N2 = m2SO3 / (MSO3); #kmol\n", "NO2 = N2 * 15/8.;\n", "mO2 = NO2 * MO * 2;\n", "print \"mass of Oxygen consumed to produce 50kg of SO3 = %.2f kg\"%mO2\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "mass of pyrites to obtain 100kg of SO3 = 74.91 kg\n", "mass of Oxygen consumed to produce 50kg of SO3 = 37.50 kg\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.5 page no : 44" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables \n", "MKClO3 = 122.55 # weight of potassium\n", "mKClO3 = 100.; #kg potassium\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "NKClO3 = mKClO3 / MKClO3;\n", "NO2 = 3 * NKClO3 / 2;\n", "V1 = 22.4143; #m**3/kmol;\n", "V = V1 * NO2;\n", "\n", "# Result \n", "print \"volume of oxygen produced = %.2f m**3\"%V\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "volume of oxygen produced = 27.43 m**3\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.6 page no : 44" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# Variables \n", "mH2 = 100.; #kg hydrogen\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "NH2 = mH2/2.016;\n", "NFe = 3. * NH2 / 4;\n", "mFe = NFe * 55.85;\n", "\n", "# Result \n", "print \"(a)mass of iron required = %.2f kg\"%mFe\n", "NH2O = NH2 \n", "mH2O = NH2O * 18;\n", "print \"mass of steam required = %.1f kg\"%mH2O\n", "V1 = 22.4143; #m**3/kmol;\n", "V = V1 * NH2;\n", "print \"(b)Volume of hydrogen = %.1f m**3\"%V\n", "\n", "# Answer may vary because of rounding error.\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)mass of iron required = 2077.75 kg\n", "mass of steam required = 892.9 kg\n", "(b)Volume of hydrogen = 1111.8 m**3\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.7 page no : 46" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "MCaCO3 = 100.08; # molecular weight of CaCO3\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "GE = MCaCO3 / 2;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"Gram equivalent wt. of CaCO3 =\",GE,\"g\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Gram equivalent wt. of CaCO3 = 50.04 g\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 11 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.8 page no : 48\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "m1 = 1.; #kg (mass in air)\n", "m2 = 0.9; #kg (mass in water)\n", "m3 = 0.82; #kg (mass in liquid)\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "L1 = m2 - m1; #kg (loss of mass in water)\n", "L2 = m3 - m1; #kg (loss of mass in liquid)\n", "sp_g = L2 /L1;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"specific gravity of liquid = \",sp_g\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "specific gravity of liquid = 1.8\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 13 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.9 page no : 49\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "m1 = 10. #kg liquid A\n", "m2 = 5. #kg liquid B\n", "sp_g1 = 1.17; # gravity A\n", "sp_g2 = 0.83; # gravity B\n", "Dwater = 1000. #kg/m**3 water\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "DA = Dwater * sp_g1;\n", "DB = Dwater * sp_g2;\n", "V1 = m1 / DA;\n", "V2 = m2 / DB;\n", "V = V1 + V2;\n", "Dmix = (m1 + m2)/ V ;\n", "sp_g3 = Dmix \n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"specific gravity of mixture = %.f kg/m**3\"%sp_g3\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "specific gravity of mixture = 1029 kg/m**3\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 15 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.10 page no : 49" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "Tw = 100.; #Tw baume scale\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "sp_g = Tw/200 + 1;\n", "Be = 145 - 145/sp_g;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"specific gravity on beume scale = %.1f Be\"%Be\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "specific gravity on beume scale = 48.3 Be\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 17 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.11 page no : 49\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "API1 = 30. #API gas oil\n", "sp_g1 = 141.5/(131.5 + API1) # (since, API = 141.5/sp_g -131.5) gravity scale\n", "Dwater = 999. #kg/m**3; density of water\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "Doil1 = sp_g1 * Dwater;\n", "V1 = 250.; #m**3\n", "m1 = V1 * Doil1;\n", "API2 = 15.; #API\n", "sp_g2 = 141.5/(131.5 + API2); # (since, API = 141.5/sp_g -131.5)\n", "Dwater = 999.; #kg/m**3;\n", "Doil2 = sp_g2 * Dwater;\n", "V2 = 1000.; #m**3\n", "m2 = V2 * Doil2;\n", "Dmix = (m1 + m2)/(V1 + V2);\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"density of the mixture = %.f kg/m**3\"%Dmix\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "density of the mixture = 947 kg/m**3\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 19 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.12 page no : 51" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "m1 = 250. #kg wet ammonium sulphate\n", "mwater1 = 50. #kg moisture\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "mdrysolid1 = m1 - mwater1;\n", "wfe1 = mwater1 / m1;\n", "wr1 = mwater1 / mdrysolid1; \n", "wtpercentw1 = mwater1 * 100 / m1;\n", "wtpercentd1 = mwater1 * 100 / mdrysolid1;\n", "a = 90. #%\n", "mwater2 = mwater1 * (1 - a/100);\n", "m2 = mdrysolid1 + mwater2;\n", "wfe2 = mwater2 / m2;\n", "wr2 = mwater2 / mdrysolid1; \n", "wtpercentw2 = mwater2 * 100 / m2;\n", "wtpercentd2 = mwater2 * 100 / mdrysolid1;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"(a)weight fraction of water at entrance =\",wfe1\n", "print \"weight fraction of water at exit = %.3f\"%wfe2\n", "print \"(b)weight ratio of water at entrance = \",wr1\n", "print \"weight ratio of water at exit = \",wr2\n", "print \"weight percent of moisture on wet basis at entrance = \",wtpercentw1,\"%\"\n", "print \"(c)weight percent of moisture on dry basis at entrance = \",wtpercentd1,\"%\"\n", "print \"weight percent of moisture on wet basis at exit = %.2f %%\"%wtpercentw2\n", "print \"(d)weight percent of moisture on dry basis at exit = \",wtpercentd2,\"%\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)weight fraction of water at entrance = 0.2\n", "weight fraction of water at exit = 0.024\n", "(b)weight ratio of water at entrance = 0.25\n", "weight ratio of water at exit = 0.025\n", "weight percent of moisture on wet basis at entrance = 20.0 %\n", "(c)weight percent of moisture on dry basis at entrance = 25.0 %\n", "weight percent of moisture on wet basis at exit = 2.44 %\n", "(d)weight percent of moisture on dry basis at exit = 2.5 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 20 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.13 page no : 53" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "mdrysolid = 100. #kg dry solids\n", "percentin = 25. # water in the feed\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "mwaterin = mdrysolid * percentin / 100;\n", "percentout = 2.5;\n", "mwaterout = mdrysolid * percentout / 100;\n", "mremoved = mwaterin - mwaterout;\n", "percentremoved = mremoved *100 / mwaterin ;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"percentage of water removed = \",percentremoved\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "percentage of water removed = 90.0\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 21 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.14 page no : 53" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "m = 1. #kg wet ammonium sulphate\n", "percent1 = 20. #% water\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "mwaterin = m * percent1 / 100.\n", "mdrysolid = m - mwaterin;\n", "percent2 = 2.44; #%\n", "mout = mdrysolid / (1 - percent2/100);\n", "mwaterout = mout - mdrysolid;\n", "mremoved = mwaterin - mwaterout;\n", "percentremoved = mremoved * 100 / mwaterin ;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"weight of water removed = %.2f kg\"%mremoved\n", "print \"percentage of water removed = %.f %%\"%percentremoved\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "weight of water removed = 0.18 kg\n", "percentage of water removed = 90 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 23 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.15 page no : 55" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "mwater = 100. #kg water\n", "mNaCl = 35.8 #kg solubility\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "msolu = mwater + mNaCl;\n", "mfr = mNaCl / msolu;\n", "mpr = mfr * 100;\n", "MNaCl = 58.45; #kg/kmol\n", "NNaCl = mNaCl / MNaCl;\n", "MH2O = 18. #kg/kmol\n", "NH2O = mwater / MH2O;\n", "Mfr = NNaCl / (NNaCl + NH2O);\n", "Mpr = Mfr * 100;\n", "N = NNaCl *1000 / mwater;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"(a)mass fraction of NaCl = %.4f\"%mfr\n", "print \"mass percent of NaCl= %.2f %%\"%mpr\n", "print \"(b)mole fraction of NaCl = %.4f\"%Mfr\n", "print \"mole percent of NaCl = %.2f %%\"%Mpr\n", "print \"kmol NaCl per 1000 kg of water = %.3f kMol NaCl\"%N\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)mass fraction of NaCl = 0.2636\n", "mass percent of NaCl= 26.36 %\n", "(b)mole fraction of NaCl = 0.0993\n", "mole percent of NaCl = 9.93 %\n", "kmol NaCl per 1000 kg of water = 6.125 kMol NaCl\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.16 page no : 55" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "Y = 0.015; #kg water vapour/kg dry air\n", "Mair = 29.; #kg/kmol weight of air\n", "Mwater = 18.016; #kg/kmol \n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "Nwater = Y / Mwater; #kmol\n", "Nair = 1 / Mair; #kmol\n", "Mpr = Nwater *100 / (Nwater + Nair);\n", "Mr = Nwater / Nair;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"(a)mole percent of water vapour = %.2f %%\"%Mpr\n", "print \"(b) molal absolute humidity = %.4f kmol water/kmol dry air\"%Mr\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)mole percent of water vapour = 2.36 %\n", "(b) molal absolute humidity = 0.0241 kmol water/kmol dry air\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 26 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.17 page no : 56" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "msolu = 100.; #g basis\n", "MK2CO3 = 138.20; #g/mol molecular weight\n", "percent1 = 50.; #% mass of K2CO3\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "mK2CO3 = percent1 *msolu / 100;\n", "NK2CO3 = mK2CO3 / MK2CO3;\n", "mwater = msolu - mK2CO3;\n", "Nwater = mwater / 18.06;\n", "Mpr = NK2CO3 * 100 / (NK2CO3 + Nwater);\n", "sp_gr =1.53;\n", "Vsolu = msolu/sp_gr; #mL\n", "Vwater = mwater / 1; #mL\n", "Vpr = Vwater * 100/ Vsolu;\n", "Molality = NK2CO3 / (mwater * 10**-3);\n", "Molarity = NK2CO3 / (Vsolu * 10**-3);\n", "Eq_wt = MK2CO3 / 2;\n", "No = mK2CO3/Eq_wt;\n", "N = No / (Vsolu * 10**-3);\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"(a)Mole prcent of salt = %.2f %%\"%Mpr\n", "print \"(b)Volume percent of water = %.2f %%\"%Vpr\n", "print \"(c)Molality = %.3f mol/kg\"%Molality\n", "print \"(d)Molarity = %.3f mol/L\"%Molarity\n", "print \"(e)Normality = %.2f N\"%N\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)Mole prcent of salt = 11.56 %\n", "(b)Volume percent of water = 76.50 %\n", "(c)Molality = 7.236 mol/kg\n", "(d)Molarity = 5.535 mol/L\n", "(e)Normality = 11.07 N\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 27 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.18 page no : 58" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "# variables \n", "msolu = 100.; #kg volume\n", "percent1 = 60.; #% alcohol\n", "Dwater = 998.; #kg/m**3 water\n", "Dalco = 798.; #kg/m**3 alcohol\n", "Dsolu = 895.; #kg/m**3 solution\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "Vsolu = msolu/Dsolu;\n", "malco = msolu * percent1 / 100;\n", "Valco = malco / Dalco;\n", "Vpr = Valco * 100 / Vsolu;\n", "Malco = 46.048; #kg/kmol\n", "N = malco/Malco;\n", "Molarity = N/(Vsolu );\n", "mwater = msolu - malco;\n", "Molality = N * 1000 /mwater;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"(a)Volume percent of ethanol in solution = %.1f %%\"%Vpr\n", "print \"(b)Molarity = %.2f mol/L\"%Molarity\n", "print \"(c)Molality = %.3f mol/(kg of water)\"% Molality\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)Volume percent of ethanol in solution = 67.3 %\n", "(b)Molarity = 11.66 mol/L\n", "(c)Molality = 32.575 mol/(kg of water)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.19 page no : 63" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "#CO + CL2 = COCl2\n", "import math \n", "# Variables \n", "Np = 12.; #moles phosgene\n", "NCl2 = 3.; #moles chlorine\n", "NCO = 8.; #moles carbon monoxide\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "N1Cl2 = NCl2 + Np;\n", "N1CO = NCO + Np;\n", "pr_ex = (N1CO - N1Cl2)* 100/N1Cl2;\n", "pr_co = (N1Cl2-NCl2) * 100/ N1Cl2;\n", "T = Np + NCl2 + NCO;\n", "T1 = N1Cl2 + N1CO;\n", "N = T / T1;\n", "\n", "# Result\n", "print \"(a)percent excess of CO = %.2f %%\"%pr_ex\n", "print \"(b)percent conversion = %.2f %%\"%pr_co\n", "print \"(c)Moles of total products per mole of total reactants = %.3f\"%N\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)percent excess of CO = 33.33 %\n", "(b)percent conversion = 80.00 %\n", "(c)Moles of total products per mole of total reactants = 0.657\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 29 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.21 page no : 64" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# Variables \n", "\n", "msolu = 100.; #g mold of feed mixture\n", "MK2CO3 = 138.20; #g/mol \n", "ethylene = 53.89 # %\n", "ethanol = 14.37 # %\n", "ether = 1.8 # %\n", "water = 23.35 # %\n", "\n", "# Calculation \n", "Ethylene = ethylene * 83.57 / 100\n", "Ethanol = ethanol*83.57 / 100\n", "Ether = ether*83.57 / 100\n", "Water = water*83.57 / 100\n", "Inerts = 3 # mol\n", "\n", "conversion_ethylene = (60 - Ethylene)/60 * 100\n", "yield_ethanol = Ethanol/(60 - Ethylene)*100\n", "yeild_ether = Ether*2/(60-Ethylene) * 100\n", "\n", "# Result \n", "print \"Conversation of ethylene = %.2f %%\"%conversion_ethylene\n", "print \"Yield of ethanol = %.2f %%\"%yield_ethanol\n", "print \"Yield of Ether = %d %%\"%yeild_ether\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Conversation of ethylene = 24.94 %\n", "Yield of ethanol = 80.25 %\n", "Yield of Ether = 20 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }