{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:49fb320e4e9f8bda8c482a6df5a6d862902fe6b1b70d63f85fdebe1d70bf5a2c" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter7-Beams and Bendings" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex2-pg234" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "#calculate sf and Bm\n", "import matplotlib\n", "from matplotlib import pyplot\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "#initialization of variables\n", "s=3. #m\n", "n=60.\n", "p=50. #kg\n", "## calculations\n", "W=n*p\n", "Rc=W*2./s\n", "Rb=W-Rc\n", "dx = 0.001;\n", "x = numpy.linspace(0,s,3001)\n", "n = round(s/dx +1);\n", "n=int(n)\n", "Sx=numpy.zeros(n)\n", "Mx=numpy.zeros(n)\n", "i=0;\n", "for i in range (0,n):\n", " Sx[i] = -Rb + Rc*x[i]**2./6.;\n", " Mx[i] = Rb*x[i] - Rc*x[i]**3 /18.;\n", "\n", "##Results\n", "pyplot.plot(x,Sx);pyplot.title(\"Shear force diagram\");pyplot.xlabel(\"X (in m)\");pyplot.ylabel(\"Shear force (in kg)\");\n", "pyplot.show()\n", "pyplot.plot(x,Mx);pyplot.title(\"Bending Moment diagram\");pyplot.xlabel(\"X (in m)\");pyplot.ylabel(\"Bending Moment (in kg-m)\");\n", "pyplot.show()" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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"text": [ "" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex8-pg249" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "##initialization of new variables\n", "#centriod of the section and momets of inertia and product of inertia about xx and yy axes and direction of principal axes and value of maximum and minimum\n", "b=10075 ##mm\n", "h=10 ##mm\n", "p1=7.5\n", "p2=9\n", "##part (a)\n", "ybar=1*p1*0.5+1*p2*5.5\n", "ybar=ybar/16.5\n", "xbar=1*p1*0.5+1*p1*4.75\n", "xbar=xbar/16.5\n", "print('part (a)')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n Centroid coordinates (x,y) = ',xbar,''and '',ybar,'cm')\n", "\n", "##part (b)\n", "Ixx=p1*1**3/12.+p1*1*(3.23-0.5)**2+1*p2**3/12.+p2*1*(5.5-3.23)**2\n", "Iyy=1*p1**3/12.+p1*1*(3.75-2.43)**2+p2*1**3/12.+p2*1*(2.43-0.5)**2\n", "Ixy=p1*1.32*2.73+9*(-1.93)*(-2.27)\n", "print('\\n part (b)')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n Moment of Areas: \\n Ixx = ',Ixx,' cm^4 \\n Iyy = ',Iyy,' cm^4' and'Ixy=',Ixy,'cm^4')\n", "\n", "##part (c)\n", "alpha=0.5*math.atan(2*Ixy/(Iyy-Ixx))\n", "alpha=alpha*180/math.pi\n", "print('\\n part (c)')\n", "print('\\n Direction of principal axes:')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n alpha = ',alpha,' degrees')\n", "\n", "##part (d)\n", "Iuu=(Ixx+Iyy)/2+math.sqrt((Iyy-Ixx)**2/4.+Ixy**2)\n", "Ivv=(Ixx+Iyy)/2-math.sqrt((Iyy-Ixx)**2/4.+Ixy**2)\n", "print('\\n part (d)')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('\\n Iuu = ',Iuu,' cm^4 \\n Ivv = ',Ivv,' cm^4')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "part (a)\n", "\n", " Centroid coordinates (x,y) = 2.39 3.23 cm \n", "\n", " part (b)\n", "\n", " Moment of Areas: \n", " Ixx = 163.65 cm^4 \n", " Iyy = 82.50 Ixy= 66.46 cm^4 \n", "\n", " part (c)\n", "\n", " Direction of principal axes:\n", "\n", " alpha = -29.30 degrees\n", "\n", " part (d)\n", "\n", " Iuu = 200.94 cm^4 \n", " Ivv = 45.21 cm^4 \n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex10-pg256" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "##initialization of variables\n", "#determine bending stress and find the minimum radius \n", "Ys=17000. ##kg/cm^2\n", "E=2*10**6 ##kg/cm^2\n", "d1=1. ##mm\n", "d=1. ##cm\n", "##calculations: 1 cm\n", "R=E*d/(2*Ys)\n", "M=Ys*math.pi*d**3/32.\n", "## results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%(' daimeter wire:',d,'cm')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Minimum radius = ',R,' cm')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Bending Moment = ',M,' kg-cm')\n", "## calculations: 1 mm\n", "R1=R/(d1*10.)\n", "M1=M/(d1*1000.)\n", "## results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n daimeter wire:',d1,'mm')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Minimum radius = ',R1,' cm')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Bending Moment = ',M1,' kg-cm')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " daimeter wire: 1.00 cm\n", "\n", " Minimum radius = 58.82 cm\n", "\n", " Bending Moment = 1668.97 kg-cm\n", "\n", " daimeter wire: 1.00 mm\n", "\n", " Minimum radius = 5.88 cm\n", "\n", " Bending Moment = 1.67 kg-cm\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex11-pg258" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#calculate the section modulus per meter width of plate \n", "##initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "t=0.5 ##cm\n", "s=2. ##m\n", "p1=7.5 ##cm\n", "p2=10. ##cm\n", "d=p2/2.\n", "D=1650. ##kg/cm**2\n", "## calculations\n", "## ab\n", "IxX=p1*t**3./12.+t*p1*d**2.\n", "## bc\n", "alpha=math.atan(3/4.)*57.3\n", "Ixx=t*(p1+d)**3./12.\n", "Iyy=0.\n", "Ixy=0.\n", "Iuu=Ixx*math.cos(alpha)**2+Iyy*math.sin(alpha)**2-Ixy*math.sin(2.*alpha)\n", "Ixx=Iuu+IxX\n", "IXX=Ixx*100./(2.*p1)\n", "Z=IXX/(d+t/2.)\n", "w=D*Z*8./(s**2*100.)\n", "w=w/1000.\n", "##Results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('w = ',w,' tonne/m')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "w = 5.50 tonne/m\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex12-pg261" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#find the total u.d load that can be supported \n", "##initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "wb=10. ##cm\n", "wh=20. ##cm\n", "sb=0.5 ##cm\n", "sh=10. ##cm\n", "s=6. ##m\n", "fs=1650. ##kg/cm^2\n", "fw=150. ##kg/cm^2\n", "Es=2*10**6 ##kg/cm^2\n", "Ew=12*10**4 ##kg/cm^2\n", "\n", "##calculations\n", "## Method 1\n", "A=2*fs/(21.*Es)\n", "aw=2.*fw/(20.*Ew)\n", "a=min(A,aw)\n", "ss=a*Ew*wh/2.\n", "##Moment resistance of steel portion\n", "F=(fs+1573.)/2.*sb*sh\n", "k=sb/3*(fs+2*1573.)/(fs+1573.)\n", "Ms=2*F*(10.5-k)\n", "##Moment resistance of wooden portion\n", "F=ss*wb*wb/2.\n", "Mw=2*(F*(wb-wb/3.))\n", "M=Ms+Mw\n", "##Total udl supported\n", "W=M*8./(s*100.)\n", "\n", "##Results\n", "print('Using method 1')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n W = ',W,' kg')\n", "\n", "##Method 2\n", "nE=Es/Ew\n", "nf=fs/fw\n", "Is=2*(0+sb*sh*10.25**2)\n", "Iw=0.6*wh**3/12.\n", "I=Is+Iw\n", "W=fs*I*8./(s*100*10.5)\n", "\n", "##Results\n", "print('\\n Using method 2')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n W = ',W,' kg')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Using method 1\n", "\n", " W = 3040.91 kg\n", "\n", " Using method 2\n", "\n", " W = 3039.40 kg\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 4 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex13-pg264" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#calculate stiffness ratio \n", "##initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "p=6. ##mm\n", "Ixx=2375. ##cm**4\n", "Es=2*10**6. ##kg/cm**2\n", "EAl=0.667*10**6 ##kg/cm**2\n", "d1=10.6 ##cm\n", "d2=10. ##cm\n", "## calculations\n", "I1=2.*(0.+p/10*10*10.3**2)\n", "I2=Ixx*EAl/Es\n", "I=I1+I2\n", "n=I/I2\n", "## results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('stiffness ratio = ',n,'')\n", "n1=Es*d1/(d2*EAl)\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Stress ration = ',n1,'')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "stiffness ratio = 2.61 \n", "\n", " Stress ration = 3.18 \n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex14-pg269" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#calculate shape factor \n", "##initilization of new variables\n", "import math\n", "wt=0.8 ##cm\n", "ft=1.4 ##cm\n", "w=10. ##cm\n", "y=20. ##cm\n", "## Sigma_y: yield stress is not given explicitly\n", "k1=wt*(40.-2*ft)/2.\n", "Zp=(14*19.3+k1*9.3)*2\n", "If=2*(w*ft**3/12+w*ft*19.3**2)\n", "Iw=wt*(40-2*ft)**3/12.\n", "I=Iw+If\n", "Z=I/y\n", "sf=Zp/Z\n", "##Results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('shape factor = ',sf,'')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "shape factor = 1.18 \n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex15-pg270" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#calculate elastic core \n", "##initilization of new variables\n", "import math\n", "wt=0.8 ##cm\n", "ft=1.4 ##cm\n", "w=10. ##cm\n", "y=20. ##cm\n", "T=750. ##T==750*sigma_y\n", "## calculations\n", "MpF=ft*w*(40-2*ft)\n", "c1=((40.-2*ft)/2)**2-(T-MpF)/wt\n", "c=math.sqrt(3*c1)\n", "## results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Elastic core of ',2*c,' cm depth is present')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Elastic core of 26.71 cm depth is present\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex17-pg274" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#find stress at the inner side of the hook \n", "##initialization of new variables\n", "P=2000. ##kg\n", "a=4. ##cm\n", "b=1. ##cm\n", "d=7. ##cm\n", "r=3. ##cm\n", "## calculations\n", "A=(a+b)/2*d\n", "xbar=(a+b*2.)*d/(r*(a+b))\n", "rbar=r+xbar\n", "I=b*d**3/12.+r*d**3/12.\n", "Ixx=I-A*2.8**2\n", "e=Ixx/(rbar*A)\n", "f1=P*5.8*(xbar-0.62)/(A*0.62*r)\n", "f2=P*5.8*(-d+2.18)/(A*0.62*(5.18+d-2.18))\n", "str=P/A\n", "Str_i=f1+str\n", "Str_o=-f2-str\n", "##Results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('stress at the inner side of the hook =',Str_i,' kg/cm^2 (tensile)')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n stress at the outer side of the hook = ',Str_o,' kg/cm^2 (compressive)')\n", "## approximations involved in the text\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "stress at the inner side of the hook = 891.18 kg/cm^2 (tensile)\n", "\n", " stress at the outer side of the hook = 401.03 kg/cm^2 (compressive)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 8 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex20-pg281" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# find Ratio of maximum bending stress in the stem and flange at various point\n", "##initialization of new variables\n", "import math\n", "t=1. ##cm\n", "a=40. ##cm\n", "A=236.\n", "## calculations\n", "ybar=a*t*0.5+(50-1)*4*0.5/(a*t+(50-1)*4)\n", "y1bar=1.25*a-ybar\n", "IAA=a*t**3/3.+(50-1)**3*4/12.+(50-1)*4*25.5**2\n", "Io=IAA-A*ybar**2.\n", "##part (1)\n", "r=y1bar/ybar\n", "## results\n", "print('Ratio of maximum bending stress in the stem and flange')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Ratio = ',r,'')\n", "##part(2)\n", "## calculations\n", "r=(2/3.*388*29.56)-(2/3.*160*20.44)-(228*20.44)\n", "r=r/(2*2/3.*388*29.56)\n", "## results\n", "print('\\n Ratio of S.F in flange to total S.F')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Ratio = ',r*100,' percent')\n", "## part (3)\n", "## calculations\n", "r=359.*200./Io\n", "## results\n", "print('\\n Ratio of maximum shear stress in the flange to average sher stress in the stem')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Ratio = ',r,'')\n", "##part (4)\n", "## calculations\n", "s=10 ##m\n", "r=r/0.922\n", "sigma=1650 ##kg/cm**2\n", "shear=945 ##kg/cm**2\n", "wsh=2*200*shear/(r*s)\n", "wsi=8*Io*sigma/(s**2*10*29.56)\n", "w=min(wsh,wsi)\n", "## results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n Maximum u.d.l. = ',w,' kg/m ')\n", "\n", "print('wrong moment of Inertia (Io) in the text and hence part (3) and part (4) are wrong')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Ratio of maximum bending stress in the stem and flange\n", "\n", " Ratio = 1.45 \n", "\n", " Ratio of S.F in flange to total S.F\n", "\n", " Ratio = 5.27 percent\n", "\n", " Ratio of maximum shear stress in the flange to average sher stress in the stem\n", "\n", " Ratio = 1.05 \n", "\n", " Maximum u.d.l. = 30507.35 kg/m \n", "wrong moment of Inertia (Io) in the text and hence part (3) and part (4) are wrong\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex21-pg284" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#find the design force two cases\n", "##initialization of new variables\n", "import math\n", "a=30. ##cm\n", "t=2.5 ##cm\n", "S=15. ##cm\n", "s=5. ##Tonne\n", "## calculations\n", "I=a*a**3-25*25**3\n", "I=I/12.\n", "tau_zx=s*1000.*27.5*t*25/(4*35000.*t)\n", "FA=S*t*tau_zx\n", "tau_xy=s*1000.*a*t*27.5/(4.*35000.*t)\n", "FB=tau_xy*t*S\n", "##Results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('case A \\n F = ',FA,' kg')\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('\\n case B \\n F= ',FB,' kg')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "case A \n", " F = 920.76 kg\n", "\n", " case B \n", " F= 1104.91 kg\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 10 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex23-pg288" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#calculate shear centre\n", "##initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "h=40. ##cm\n", "b=10. ##cm\n", "t1=1.4 ##cm\n", "t2=0.8 ##cm\n", "Ixx=13989.5 ##cm^4\n", "##calculations\n", "e=b**2*h**2*t1/(4.*Ixx)*(1-t1/h-t1/b+t1**2/(b*h))*(1-t1/h)\n", "##Results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('Shear center: \\n e = ',e,' cm')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Shear center: \n", " e = 3.21 cm\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 11 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex33-pg303" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#calculate deflection\n", "##initialization of new variables\n", "import math\n", "L=50. ##cm\n", "k=15. ##cm\n", "I=200. ##cm^4\n", "II=40. ##cm^4\n", "d=30. ##cm\n", "Pd=40. ##cm\n", "E=0.6667*10**6 ##kg/cm^2\n", "##calculations\n", "delta=(100.*10./2*16.33+L*d*35+L*k/2.*25+d*k/2.*45)\n", "delta1=delta/E\n", "##Results\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('deflection = ',delta1*10**1,'mm')\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "deflection = 1.20 mm\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 12 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex39-pg312" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#design suitable I design section\n", "W=1\n", "L=6\n", "f=1650\n", "Z=305.9\n", "w=31.2\n", "z=8\n", "t=0.65\n", "d=22.5\n", "M=4.5*10**5\n", "##part(i)\n", "#maximum B.M\n", "BM= W*L**2/(z)\n", "SF=W*L/2\n", "print'%s %.2f %s %.2f %s '%('Bm=',Bm,''and '',SF,'')\n", "#part(ii)\n", "Z=M/f\n", "#part(iii)\n", "#for ISMB 225 having weight 31.2\n", "Z1=305.9\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('z=',Z1,'')\n", "#Additional Beam\n", "Bm=w*12/z\n", "Z2=Bm/f\n", "TZ=Z+Z2\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('TZ=',TZ,'')\n", "#thickness\n", "WA=t*d\n", "print'%s %.2f %s'%('WA=',WA,'')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Bm= 4.00 3.00 \n", "z= 305.90 \n", "TZ= 272.76 \n", "WA= 14.62 \n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 19 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }