{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter 7 Common-Collector Approximations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.1 Page No 183"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Q-point = (5.70V,10.00mA)\n",
      "DC load line shown in figure\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYEAAAEaCAYAAAD3+OukAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f83366aa1d0>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from numpy import arange\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import show,title,ylabel,xlabel,plot\n",
    "# given data\n",
    "V_CC= 10##  V\n",
    "R_E= 430##  Ω\n",
    "V_BE= 0.7##in V\n",
    "V_B= 5##in V\n",
    "# The collector saturation current,\n",
    "I_Csat= V_CC/R_E##  A\n",
    "# The collector emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_CEcutoff= V_CC##  V\n",
    "# The collector current,\n",
    "I_C= (V_B-V_BE)/R_E##  A\n",
    "# The collector emitter voltage,\n",
    "V_CE= V_CC-(V_B-V_BE)##  V\n",
    "I_C= I_C*10**3##  mA\n",
    "print \"Q-point = (%.2fV,%.2fmA)\"%(V_CE,I_C)\n",
    "print \"DC load line shown in figure\"\n",
    "I_C= I_C*10**-3##  A\n",
    "V_CE= arange(0,0.1+V_CEcutoff,0.1) #  V\n",
    "I_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/R_E*10**3##  mA\n",
    "# The plot of DC load line\n",
    "plot(V_CE,I_C)#\n",
    "xlabel(\"V_CE in volts\")\n",
    "ylabel(\"I_C in mA\")\n",
    "title(\"DC load line\")\n",
    "show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " ## Example 7.2 Page No 184"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The output voltage = 99.17 mV\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "Vin= 100##  mV\n",
    "Vin= Vin*10**-3##  V\n",
    "R_E= 430##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "r_e= 2.5##  Ω\n",
    "# The ac load resistance,\n",
    "r_L= R_E*R_L/(R_E+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "A= r_L/(r_L+r_e)## unit less\n",
    "# The output voltage \n",
    "Vout= A*Vin##  V\n",
    "Vout= Vout*10**3##  mV\n",
    "print \"The output voltage = %.2f mV\"%Vout"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.3 Page No 186"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The voltge gain = 0.97\n",
      "The input impedence = 3.85 kΩ\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "R_E= 430##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 100##  Ω\n",
    "R1= 10*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R2= 10*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "bita= 200## unit less\n",
    "r_e= 2.5##  Ω\n",
    "r_L= R_E*R_L/(R_E+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "# The voltge gain \n",
    "A= r_L/(r_L+r_e)#\n",
    "print \"The voltge gain = %.2f\"%A\n",
    "Zin_base= bita*(r_L+r_e)##  Ω\n",
    "# The input impedence \n",
    "Zin= R1*R2*Zin_base/(R1*R2+R2*Zin_base+Zin_base*R1)##  Ω\n",
    "Zin= Zin*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "print \"The input impedence = %.2f kΩ\"%Zin"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.4 Page No 187"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The power gain = 194.01\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "R_E= 430##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 100##  Ω\n",
    "R1= 10*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R2= 10*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "bita= 200#\n",
    "r_e= 2.5##  Ω\n",
    "# The load resistance\n",
    "r_L= R_E*R_L/(R_E+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "# The power gain \n",
    "G= bita*r_L/(r_L+r_e)#\n",
    "print \"The power gain = %.2f\"%G"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.5 Page No 191"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The ac output voltage = 33.33 mV\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "R_C= 5*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "r_e= 25##  Ω\n",
    "Vin= 1*10**-3##  V\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "A= R_C/r_e#\n",
    "# Thevenin voltage,\n",
    "V_TH= A*Vin##  V\n",
    "# The ac output voltage \n",
    "Vout= R_L*V_TH/(R_C+R_L)##  V\n",
    "Vout= Vout*10**3##  mV\n",
    "print \"The ac output voltage = %.2f mV\"%Vout"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.7 Page No 194"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The ac output voltage = 183.21 mV\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "V_B= 1.8##  V\n",
    "V_E= 1.1##  V\n",
    "V_TH= 200*10**-3##  V\n",
    "I_E= 1*10**-3##  A\n",
    "r_e= 2.5##in Ω\n",
    "bita=200#\n",
    "V_CC= 10##  V\n",
    "R_C= 5*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R_E= 430##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**3##in Ω\n",
    "I_C= I_E##  A\n",
    "# The collector voltage,\n",
    "V_C= V_CC-I_C*R_C##  V\n",
    "V_E= 4.3##  V\n",
    "# The emitter current,\n",
    "I_E= V_E/R_E##  A\n",
    "# The base current,\n",
    "I_B= I_E/bita##  A\n",
    "# The load resistance,\n",
    "r_L= R_E*R_L/(R_E+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "Zin= bita*(r_L+r_e)##  Ω\n",
    "Vin= Zin*V_TH/(R_C+Zin)##  V\n",
    "# The ac output voltage\n",
    "Vout= r_L*Vin/(r_L+r_e)##in V\n",
    "Vout= Vout*10**3##  mV\n",
    "print \"The ac output voltage = %.2f mV\"%Vout"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.9 Page No 199"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The value of r''e2 = 2.50 Ω\n",
      "The value of r''e1 = 250.00 Ω\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "R1= 100##in kΩ\n",
    "R2= 100##in kΩ\n",
    "R3= 360##in Ω\n",
    "bita= 100#\n",
    "V1= 5##  V\n",
    "v1= 1.4##  V\n",
    "v2= 25##  mV\n",
    "# Voltage at first base\n",
    "V2= R1/R2*V1##  V\n",
    "# Emitter current = %.2f second transistor\n",
    "I_E2= (V2-v1)/R3##  A\n",
    "I_E2= I_E2*10**3##  mA\n",
    "# Resistance of second emitter diode,\n",
    "r_desh_e2= v2/I_E2##  Ω\n",
    "# Base current\n",
    "I_B2= I_E2/bita##  mA \n",
    "# Emitter current,\n",
    "I_E1= I_B2##  mA\n",
    "# First emitter diode resistance\n",
    "r_desh_e1= v2/I_E1##  Ω\n",
    "print \"The value of r''e2 = %.2f Ω\"%r_desh_e2\n",
    "print \"The value of r''e1 = %.2f Ω\"%r_desh_e1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.10 Page No 200"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The input impedence = 49.09 kΩ\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "R_E= 360##  Ω\n",
    "R_L= 1*10**3##  Ω\n",
    "R1= 100*10**3##in Ω\n",
    "R2= 100*10**3##in Ω\n",
    "r_desh_e1= 250##  Ω\n",
    "r_desh_e2= 2.5##  Ω\n",
    "h_FE= 100#\n",
    "h_fe= 100#\n",
    "# The load resistance,\n",
    "r_L= R_E*R_L/(R_E+R_L)##  Ω\n",
    "Zin1= h_FE*h_fe*r_L##  Ω\n",
    "Zin= R1*R2*Zin1/(R1*R2+R2*Zin1+Zin1*R1)##  Ω\n",
    "Zin2= h_FE*(r_L+r_desh_e2)##  Ω\n",
    "Zin1= h_FE*(Zin2+r_desh_e1)##  Ω\n",
    "# The input impedence \n",
    "Zin= R1*R2*Zin1/(R1*R2+R2*Zin1+Zin1*R1)##  Ω\n",
    "Zin= Zin*10**-3##  k ohm\n",
    "print \"The input impedence = %.2f kΩ\"%Zin"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 7.11 Page No 203"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The current through the zener diode = -7.75 mA\n",
      "The transistor power dissipation = 6.63 watt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# given data\n",
    "Vin= 20##  V\n",
    "Vz= 10##  V\n",
    "Rs= 680##  Ω\n",
    "V_BE= 0.7##  V\n",
    "R_L= 15##  Ω\n",
    "bita= 80#\n",
    "Is= (Vin-Vz)/Rs##  A\n",
    "Vout= Vz-V_BE##  V\n",
    "I_E= Vout/R_L##  A\n",
    "I_L= I_E##  A\n",
    "I_B= I_E/bita##  A\n",
    "# The current through the zener diode \n",
    "Iz= Is-I_B##  A\n",
    "V_CE= Vin-Vout##  V\n",
    "# The transistor power dissipation \n",
    "Po= I_L*(Vin-Vout)##  W\n",
    "Iz= Iz*10**3##  mA\n",
    "print \"The current through the zener diode = %.2f mA\"%Iz\n",
    "print \"The transistor power dissipation = %.2f watt\"%Po"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 2",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python2"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 2
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
   "version": "2.7.9"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}