{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:c36425eab1371d7c77f7bd1775095f254e3df888559e80a11117b968dfc1b5b4" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter 3: Principles of Power System" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.1, Page Number: 50" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Variable declaration:\n", "M = 100 #Maximum demand on power station(MW)\n", "L = 0.40 #annual load factor\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "E = M*L*8760*10**6 #Energy generated in a year(kWh)\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Energy generated in a year is (\",E/10**8,\"* 10^5) kWh\" " ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Energy generated in a year is ( 3504.0 * 10^5) kWh\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.2, Page Number: 50" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "L = 43 #connected load(MW)\n", "M = 20 #Maximum demand(MW)\n", "E = 61.5*10**6 #Units genearted per annum(kWh)\n", "\n", "#calculation:\n", "DF = M/L #demand factor\n", "LF = E/(M*8760*1000) #load factor\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"The demand factor is\",round(DF,3)\n", "print \"Load factor is \",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The demand factor is 0.465\n", "Load factor is 35.1 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.3, Page Number: 50" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "\n", "#variable declaration:\n", "\n", "#power station delivers 100 MW for 2 hours, \n", "#50 MW for 6 hours and is shut down for the rest\n", "#of each day.\n", "M = 100 #Maximum capacity of station(MW)\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "E1 = 100*2+50*6 #Energy supplied per day(MWh)\n", "n = 365-45 #No.of working days\n", "LF = E1*320/(M*n*24) #load factor\n", "\n", "print \"Annual load factor is\",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Annual load factor is 20.8 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.4, Page Number: 50" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "M = 25 #Maximum demand(MW)\n", "LF = 0.60 #Load factor\n", "PCF = 0.50 #plant capacity factor\n", "PUF = 0.72 #plant use factor\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculations:\n", "L = LF*M #Average load(MW)\n", "PC = L/PCF #Plant gapacity(MW)\n", "R = PC-M #Reserve capacity(MW)\n", "E = L*24 #daily energy produced(MWh)\n", "ME = E/PUF #Maximum energy produced(MWh/day)\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Reserve capacity is \",R,\"MW\"\n", "print \"Daily energy produced is\",E,\"MWh\"\n", "print \"Maximum energy that could be produced dauly is \",ME,\"MWh/day\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Reserve capacity is 5.0 MW\n", "Daily energy produced is 360.0 MWh\n", "Maximum energy that could be produced dauly is 500.0 MWh/day\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 4 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.5, Page Number: 51" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "M = 2500 #Maximum demand(kW)\n", "E = 45*10**5 #kWh/year\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "D = (1500+750+100+450)/M #diversity factor\n", "LF = E/(M*8760) #Annual load factor\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Diversity factor is\",D\n", "print \"Annual load factor is\",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Diversity factor is 1.12\n", "Annual load factor is 20.5 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.6, Page Number: 51" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "M = 15000 #Max demand(kW)\n", "LF = 0.50 #Annual load factor\n", "PCF = 0.4 #Plant capacity factor\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculations:\n", "L = LF*M #load factor(kW)\n", "PC = L/PCF #plant capacity(kW)\n", "R = PC-M #Reserve capacity(kW)\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"The reserve capacity is \",R,\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The reserve capacity is 3750.0 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.7, Page Number: 51" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "DFo = 1.35 #Overall diversity factor of system\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculations:\n", "M = (1500+2000+10000)/DFo #max demand(kW)\n", "#for domestic load:\n", "CL1 = (1500*1.2)/0.8 #kW\n", "\n", "#for Commercial load:\n", "CL2 = 2000*1.1/0.9 #kW\n", "\n", "#for Industrial load:\n", "CL3 = 10000*1.25/1 #kW\n", "\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Maximum demand is \",M,\"kW\"\n", "print \"Connected loads for each type are:\"\n", "print CL1,\"kW \",round(CL2),\"kW \",CL3,\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Maximum demand is 10000.0 kW\n", "Connected loads for each type are:\n", "2250.0 kW 2444.0 kW 12500.0 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.8, Page Number: 52" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Variable declaration:\n", "Dt = 1.3 #Diversity among transformers\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "#for transformer 1:\n", "M1 = (10*0.65)/1.5 #Max demand (kW)\n", "\n", "#for transformer 2:\n", "M2 = (12*0.6)/3.5 #max demand(kW)\n", "\n", "#for transformer:\n", "M3 = (15*0.7)/1.5 #max demand(kW)\n", "\n", "Mf = (M1+M2+M3)/Dt #Maximum demand on feeder(kW)\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Maximum load on the feeder is \",round(Mf,1),\"kW\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Maximum load on the feeder is 10.3 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 8 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.9, Page Number: 52" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Variable declaration:\n", "n1 = 1000 #No of houses\n", "CL1 = 1.5 #Avg connected load in each house(kW)\n", "DF1 = 0.4 #Demand factor\n", "DvF = 2.5 #Diversity factor\n", "\n", "n2 = 10 #no. of factories\n", "M2 = 90 #factory overall max demand(kW)\n", "\n", "n3 = 7 #no of tubewells\n", "C3 = 7 #capacity of tubewells(kW)\n", "\n", "DF = 1.2 #Diversity factor among above types of consumers\n", "\n", "#Calculations:\n", "Ms = ((DF1*n1*CL1)/DvF)+M2+n3*C3 #Sum of maximum demand on the station(kW)\n", "M = Ms/DF #maximum demand on the station(kW)\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Minimum capacity on the power station is\",round(M),\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Minimum capacity on the power station is 316.0 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.10, Page Number: 53" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculations:\n", "M = 70.0 #Max demand, from load curve(MW)\n", "E = 40*6+50*4+60*2+50*4+70*4+40*4 #Units generated per day(MWh)\n", "L = E/24 #Avg load(MW)\n", "LF = L/M #Load factor\n", "\n", "n1 = linspace(0,6,10);\n", "M1 = linspace(40,40,10);\n", "plot(n1,M1);\n", "hold(True);\n", "\n", "n2 = linspace(6,10,10);\n", "M2 = linspace(50,50,10);\n", "plot(n2,M2,'b');\n", "\n", "n3 = linspace(10,12,10);\n", "M3 = linspace(60,60,10);\n", "plot(n3,M3,'b');\n", "\n", "n4 = linspace(12,16,10);\n", "M4 = linspace(50,50,10);\n", "plot(n4,M4,'b');\n", "\n", "n5 = linspace(16,20,10);\n", "M5 = linspace(70,70,10);\n", "plot(n5,M5,'b');\n", "\n", "n6 = linspace(20,24,10);\n", "M6 = linspace(40,40,10);\n", "plot(n6,M6,'b');\n", "\n", "ylim(0,100);\n", "xlim(0,24);\n", "grid(1,linewidth=0.5);\n", "ylabel(\"Load in MW ------>\");\n", "xlabel(\"Time in hours ----->\");\n", "title(\"Daily Load Curve\")\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Maximum demand is \",M,\"MW\"\n", "print \"Units generated per day is (\",E/100,\"* 10^5) kWh\"\n", "print \"Average load is\",L*1000,\"kW\"\n", "print \"Load factor is \",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"The Daily load curve is shown below:\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", "Maximum demand is " ] }, { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " 70.0 MW\n", "Units generated per day is ( 12.0 * 10^5) kWh\n", "Average load is 50000.0 kW\n", "Load factor is 71.4 %\n", "The Daily load curve is shown below:\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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"text": [ "" ] } ], "prompt_number": 31 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.11, Page Number: 54" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "M = 350.0 #Maximum demand(kW)\n", "DF = (200+100+50+100)/M #Diversity factor\n", "E = 100*6+(100+50)*2+(200+100+50)*2+(200+100)*8+100*6 #kWh/day\n", "LF = E/(24*M) #load factor\n", "\n", "n1 = linspace(0,6,10);\n", "M1 = linspace(100,100,10);\n", "plot(n1,M1);\n", "\n", "\n", "hold(True);\n", "\n", "n2 = linspace(6,8,10);\n", "M2 = linspace(150,150,10);\n", "plot(n2,M2,'b');\n", "\n", "n3 = linspace(8,10,10);\n", "M3 = linspace(350,350,10);\n", "plot(n3,M3,'b');\n", "\n", "n4 = linspace(10,18,10);\n", "M4 = linspace(300,300,10);\n", "plot(n4,M4,'b');\n", "\n", "n5 = linspace(18,24,10);\n", "M5 = linspace(100,100,10);\n", "plot(n5,M5,'b');\n", "\n", "ylim(0,400);\n", "xlim(0,24);\n", "grid(linewidth=0.5);\n", "ylabel(\"Load in kW ------>\");\n", "xlabel(\"Time in hours ----->\");\n", "title(\"Daily Load Curve\")\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Diversity factor is \",round(DF,3)\n", "print \"Unis generated per day is \",E,\"kWh\"\n", "print \"Load factor is \",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"The daily load curve is shown below:\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", "Diversity factor is " ] }, { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " 1.286\n", "Unis generated per day is 4600 kWh\n", "Load factor is 54.8 %\n", "The daily load curve is shown below:\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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8kszMTNq3b09CQoLb72Px4sXMmzeP4OBgIiMjXc40fK1jx44sW7as\nyW1gxXx0GWoREZPTsFhExORUCERETE6FQETE5FQIRERMToVARMTkVAhERExOhUBExORUCERETO7/\nAV3udrfsY+WJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n", "text": [ "" ] } ], "prompt_number": 30 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.12, Page Number: 54" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "M1 = 800 #max demand of consumer 1(Watts)\n", "M2 = 1000 #max demand of consumer 2(Watts)\n", "M3 = 1200 #max demand of consumer 3(Watts)\n", "\n", "n1 = linspace(0,8,10);\n", "m1 = linspace(200,200,10);\n", "plot(n1,m1);\n", "\n", "hold(True);\n", "n2 = linspace(8,14,10);\n", "m2 = linspace(800,800,10);\n", "plot(n2,m2,'b');\n", "\n", "n3 = linspace(14,16,10);\n", "m3 = linspace(2400,2400,10);\n", "plot(n3,m3,'b');\n", "\n", "n4 = linspace(16,22,10);\n", "m4 = linspace(800,800,10);\n", "plot(n4,m4,'b');\n", "\n", "n5 = linspace(22,24,10);\n", "m5 = linspace(400,400,10);\n", "plot(n5,m5,'b');\n", "\n", "ylim(0,2500);\n", "xlim(0,24);\n", "grid(linewidth=0.5);\n", "ylabel(\"Load in Watts ------>\");\n", "xlabel(\"Time in hours ----->\");\n", "title(\"Daily Load Curve\");\n", "annotate(\"(Midnight)\",xy=(0,0));\n", "annotate(\"(Midnight)\",xy=(24,0));\n", "annotate(\"(Noon)\",xy=(12,0));\n", "\n", "#load factors of each consumers:\n", "LF1 = (600*6+200*2+800*6)/(24*M1)\n", "LF2 = (200*8+1000*2+200*2)/(24*M2)\n", "LF3 = (200*6+1200*2+200*2)/(24*M3)\n", "#The simultaneous maximum demand on the station is 200 + 1000 + 1200 = 2400 W\n", "#and occurs from 2 P.M. to 4 P.M.\n", "DF = (M1+M2+M3)/2400.0 #Diversity factor\n", "LF = (200*8+800*6+2400*2+800*6+400*2)/(24*2400.0) #load factor\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"(i) The maximum demand of individual consumers are:\"\n", "print \"\\tConsumer 1 =\",M1,\"W, Consumer 2 =\",M2,\"W, Consumer 3 =\",M3,\"W\"\n", "print \"\\n(ii)Load Factors of individual consumers are:\"\n", "print \"\\tConsumer 1 =\",round(LF1*100,1),\"%, Consumer 2 =\",round(LF2*100,1),\"\"\"%,\n", "\\tConsumer 3 =\"\"\",round(LF3*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"\\n(iii)Diversity factor is \",DF\n", "print \"\\n(iv) Load factor of the station is\",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"\\n The load curve is shown below:\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", "(i) The maximum demand of individual consumers are:" ] }, { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "\n", "\tConsumer 1 = 800 W, Consumer 2 = 1000 W, Consumer 3 = 1200 W\n", "\n", "(ii)Load Factors of individual consumers are:\n", "\tConsumer 1 = 45.8 %, Consumer 2 = 16.7 %,\n", "\tConsumer 3 = 13.9 %\n", "\n", "(iii)Diversity factor is 1.25\n", "\n", "(iv) Load factor of the station is 29.2 %\n", "\n", " The load curve is shown below:\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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JCYFWq4W1tTVWrFghndZcsWIFIiIi8ODBAwQFBWH48OGmCpuIiBSG97okIlIxNYydvDMK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\n/wAb/9x823/nZQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", "text": [ "" ] } ], "prompt_number": 29 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.13, Page Number: 55" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "A = 12 #Area of load curve(cm**2)\n", "Lo = 1000 #load under 1cm length(kW)\n", "To = 2 #time under 1cm length(hr)\n", "M = 3000 #maximum demand(kW)\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "L = Lo*To*A/24 #Average load(kW)\n", "LF = L/M #load factor\n", "\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Load factor is\",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Load factor is 33.3 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 13 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.14, Page Number: 56" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "C = 75 #Capacity of each generator(MW)\n", "n = 4 #No. of generators\n", "CV = 10000 #Calorific value of oil used(kcal/kg)\n", "H = 2860 #Avg heat rate(kcal/kWh)\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "E = (260*6+200*8+160*4+100*6) #Units generated per day(MWh)\n", "L = E/24 #Avg load(MW)\n", "LF =L/260 #Load factor\n", "PCF = L/(n*C) #Plant capacity\n", "TH = H*E*10**3 #heat generated per day(kcal)\n", "w = TH/CV #daily fuel requirement(kg)\n", "\n", "print \"Daily load factor is\",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"Plant capacity factor is\",round(PCF*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"Daily fuel requirement is (\",w/1000,\"* 10^3) kg\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Daily load factor is 70.5 %\n", "Plant capacity factor is 61.1 %\n", "Daily fuel requirement is ( 1258.4 * 10^3) kg\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 14 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.15, Page Number: 56" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "#Calculations:\n", "E = 20*2+40*4+60*4+20*4+50*4+20*6 #Units generated per day(MWh)\n", "\n", "#1st plot\n", "subplot(1,3,1)\n", "n1 = linspace(0,8,10);\n", "m1 = linspace(20,20,10);\n", "plot(n1,m1);\n", "\n", "hold(True);\n", "n2 = linspace(8,12,10);\n", "m2 = linspace(40,40,10);\n", "plot(n2,m2,'b');\n", "\n", "n3 = linspace(12,16,10);\n", "m3 = linspace(60,60,10);\n", "plot(n3,m3,'b');\n", "\n", "n4 = linspace(16,20,10);\n", "m4 = linspace(20,20,10);\n", "plot(n4,m4,'b');\n", "\n", "n5 = linspace(20,24,10);\n", "m5 = linspace(40,40,10);\n", "plot(n5,m5,'b');\n", "\n", "ylim(0,100);\n", "xlim(0,24);\n", "grid(linewidth=0.5);\n", "ylabel(\"Load in MW ------>\");\n", "xlabel(\"Time in hours ----->\");\n", "title(\"$(i)$ Daily Load Curve\");\n", "\n", "#next plot\n", "subplot(1,3,3)\n", "n1 = linspace(0,4,10);\n", "m1 = linspace(60,60,10);\n", "plot(n1,m1);\n", "\n", "hold(True);\n", "n2 = linspace(4,8,10);\n", "m2 = linspace(50,50,10);\n", "plot(n2,m2,'b');\n", "\n", "n3 = linspace(8,12,10);\n", "m3 = linspace(40,40,10);\n", "plot(n3,m3,'b');\n", "\n", "n4 = linspace(12,24,10);\n", "m4 = linspace(20,20,10);\n", "plot(n4,m4,'b');\n", "\n", "ylim(0,100);\n", "xlim(0,24);\n", "grid(linewidth=0.5);\n", "ylabel(\"Load in MW ------>\");\n", "xlabel(\"Hours duration ----->\");\n", "title(\"$(ii)$ Load Duration Curve\");\n", "\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Energy generated per day is (\",E,\"* 10^3) kWh\"\n", "print \"\\nThe daily load curve and load duration curves are shown below:\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", "Energy generated per day is (" ] }, { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " 840 * 10^3) kWh\n", "\n", "The daily load curve and load duration curves are shown below:\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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"text": [ "" ] } ], "prompt_number": 28 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.16, Page Number: 57" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "c1 = 10 #Capacity of each of 2 generators(MW)\n", "c2 = 5 #Capacity of 3rd generator(MW)\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "C = 2*c1+c2 #Installed capacity(MW)\n", "A = (1/2)*(20+4) #Avg load, seen from the curve(MW)\n", "PF = A/C #plant factor\n", "E = 8760*A #Units generated per annum(MWh)\n", "LF = A/20 #Load factor\n", "PUF = 20/C #Plant capacity factor\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"(i) Installed capacity is \",C,\"MW\"\n", "print \"(ii) Plant factor is \",round(PF*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"(iii) Units generated per annum is \",(E/1000),\"* 10^3 kWh\"\n", "print \"(iv) Load factor is \",round(LF*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"(V) Utilisation factor is \",round(PUF*100,1),\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(i) Installed capacity is 25 MW\n", "(ii) Plant factor is 48.0 %\n", "(iii) Units generated per annum is 105.12 * 10^3 kWh\n", "(iv) Load factor is 60.0 %\n", "(V) Utilisation factor is 80.0 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 16 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.17, Page Number: 57 " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Variable declaration:\n", "n = 0.72 #efficiency of the load\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "Ma = (10*0.746/0.72)* 0.65 + 5 * 0.60 #kW\n", "Mb = (7.5*0.746/0.72)*0.75+4*0.60 #kW\n", "Mc = (15*0.746/0.72)*0.65 #kW\n", "Md = (5*0.746/0.72)*0.75+2*0.60 #kW\n", "\n", "SM = Ma+Mb+Mc+Md #Sum of maximum demands(kW)\n", "\n", "#The diversity factor between consumers of this type of service is 1\u00b75 from above table.\n", "M1 = SM/1.5 #Maximum demand on transformer 1(kW)\n", "\n", "#In a similar manner, the other transformer loads are determined to be\n", "# Total Simultaneous\n", "#Transformer 2 26 kW 7\u00b743 kW\n", "#Transformer 3 29\u00b713 kW 19\u00b740 kW\n", "\n", "#The diversity factor between transformers is 1\u00b73\n", "M2 = 7.43; M3 = 19.40\n", "MF = (M1+M2+M3)/1.3 #Maximum load on feeder(kW)\n", "\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"The maximum load on the feeder is \",round(MF,2),\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The maximum load on the feeder is 37.64 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.18, Page Number: 61" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "E = 10**3*(20*2+40*3+50*5+35*3+70*3+40*2+20*6) #Units generated per day(kWh)\n", "A = E/24 #Average load(kW)\n", "LF = A/(70*10**3) #Load factor\n", "\n", "n1 = linspace(0,8,10);\n", "m1 = linspace(20,20,10);\n", "plot(n1,m1);\n", "\n", "hold(True);\n", "n2 = linspace(8,11,10);\n", "m2 = linspace(40,40,10);\n", "plot(n2,m2,'b');\n", "\n", "n3 = linspace(11,16,10);\n", "m3 = linspace(50,50,10);\n", "plot(n3,m3,'b');\n", "\n", "n4 = linspace(16,19,10);\n", "m4 = linspace(35,35,10);\n", "plot(n4,m4,'b');\n", "\n", "n5 = linspace(19,22,10);\n", "m5 = linspace(70,70,10);\n", "plot(n5,m5,'b');\n", "\n", "n6 = linspace(22,24,10);\n", "m6 = linspace(40,40,10);\n", "plot(n6,m6,'b');\n", "\n", "\n", "ylim(0,100);\n", "xlim(0,24);\n", "grid(linewidth=0.5);\n", "ylabel(\"Load in MW ------>\");\n", "xlabel(\"Time in hours ----->\");\n", "title(\"Daily Load Curve\");\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Load factor is \",round(LF*100,2),\"%\"\n", "print \"\"\"\\nOperational schedule: Referring to the load curve shown\n", "below, the operational schedule will be as under :\n", " (i) Set No. 1 will run for 24 hours.\n", " (ii) Set No. 2 will run from 8.00 hours to midnight.\n", " (iii)Set No. 3 will run from 11.00 hours to 16 hours and \n", " again from 19 hours to 22 hours.\"\"\"\n", "print \"\\nThe Load curve is shown below:\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", "Load factor is " ] }, { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " 55.06 %\n", "\n", "Operational schedule: Referring to the load curve shown\n", "below, the operational schedule will be as under :\n", " (i) Set No. 1 will run for 24 hours.\n", " (ii) Set No. 2 will run from 8.00 hours to midnight.\n", " (iii)Set No. 3 will run from 11.00 hours to 16 hours and \n", " again from 19 hours to 22 hours.\n", "\n", "The Load curve is shown below:\n" ] }, { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stderr", "text": [ "WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['tri', 'axes', 'legend', 'stackplot', 'figure', 'rc_context', 'quiver', 'streamplot', 'rc', 'text', 'colors', 'contour', 'axis', 'colorbar', 'test', 'rcdefaults', 'table']\n", "`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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"text": [ "" ] } ], "prompt_number": 27 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ " Example 3.19, Page Number: 61" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Variable declaration:\n", "#peak loads(MW) are:\n", "P1 = 10\n", "P2 = 5\n", "P3 = 8\n", "P4 = 7\n", "\n", "DF = 1.5 #Diversity factor\n", "LF = 0.60 #Avg annual load factor\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "M = (P1+P2+P3+P4)/DF #Max demand on the station(MW)\n", "E = (LF*M)*8760 #Annual energy supplied(MWh)\n", "#the installed capacity should be 15% to 20% more than the\n", "#maximum demand to meet the future needs.\n", "#Taking Installed capacity to be 20% more than the maximum demand,\n", "IC = 1.2*M #MW\n", "\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"(i) The maximum demand on the station is\",M,\"MW\"\n", "print \"(ii) Annual energy supplied by the station is (\",E/1000,\"* 10^6) kWh\"\n", "print \"(iii)Installed capacity is\",IC,\"MW\"\n", "print \" Suitable unit sizes are 4, each of 6 MW capacity.\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(i) The maximum demand on the station is 20.0 MW\n", "(ii) Annual energy supplied by the station is ( 105.12 * 10^6) kWh\n", "(iii)Installed capacity is 24.0 MW\n", " Suitable unit sizes are 4, each of 6 MW capacity.\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.20, Page Number: 64" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "c1 = 20 #capacity of standby station(MW)\n", "c2 = 18 #Capacity of base load station(MW)\n", "E1 = 7.35*10**6 #Annual standby output(kWh)\n", "E2 = 101.35*10**6 #Annual base load station output(kWh)\n", "P3 = 12 #peak load on standby station(MW)\n", "t = 2190 #hours of use by standby station/year\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "LF1 = E1/(t*P3*10**3) #Annual load factor of standby station\n", "PCF1 = E1/(8760*c1*10**3) #Plant capacity factor of standby station\n", "LF2 = E2/(8760*c2*10**3) #Annual load factor of base load station\n", "#for base load station,\n", "PCF2 = LF2 #Plant capacity factor of base load station\n", "\n", "#Results:\n", "print \"Annual load factor of standby station is\",round(LF1*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"Plant capacity factor of standby station is\",round(PCF1*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"Annual load factor of base load station is\",round(LF2*100,1),\"%\"\n", "print \"Plant capacity factor of base load station is\",round(PCF2*100,1),\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Annual load factor of standby station is 28.0 %\n", "Plant capacity factor of standby station is 4.2 %\n", "Annual load factor of base load station is 64.3 %\n", "Plant capacity factor of base load station is 64.3 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 20 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.21, Page Number: 64" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from sympy import *\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "M = 60000 #maximum load of hydro plant(kW)\n", "m = 20000 #minimum load of hydro pland(kW)\n", "P = 50000 #peak load of plant per day(kW)\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "#Let OE = Capacity of steam plant\n", "#EC = Capacity of hydro plant\n", "x,y = symbols('x,y') #two variables as indicated in given curve\n", "# As steam electric conversion is 60%,\n", "#\u2234 Area HEFI = 0\u00b76 \u00d7 Area FGB ... (i)\n", "#But Area HEFI = Area CFE \u2212 Area CHI\n", "# = 1/2*(x*y-50000)\n", "# Now Area FGB = 1/2*(FG*GB) = 1/2*(24-x)*(40000-y)\n", "# or 0.2*x*y + 12000*x + 7.2*y \u2212 338000 = 0\n", "#Also from similar triangles CEF and CDB, we get,\n", "# y/40000 = x/24\n", "y = x/24*40000\n", "x1 = round(solve(0.2*x*y + 12000*x + 7.2*y-338000,x)[1])\n", "y1 = x1/24*40000\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "#Result:\n", "print \"Capacity of the hydro plant is\",y1,\"kW\"\n", "print \"Capacity of the steam plant is\",60000-y1,\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Capacity of the hydro plant is 20000.0 kW\n", "Capacity of the steam plant is 40000.0 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 32 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 3.22, Page Number: 65" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "from sympy import *\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration:\n", "#Suppose the maximum demand of reservoir plant is y MW and it \n", "#operates for x hours\n", "x,y = symbols('x y')\n", "\n", "\n", "#Calculation:\n", "E = 10**3*(1/2*(320+160)*8760) #Units generated/annum\n", "#As the steam plant, run-of-river plant and hydro plant generate \n", "#units in the ratio of 7 : 4 : 1, so, units generated by \n", "#each plant are:\n", "\n", "E1 = E*7/12 #by steam plant\n", "E2 = E*4/12 #by run-of-river plant\n", "E3 = E/1/12 #by reservoir plant\n", "\n", "#(i) Maximum demand on run-of-river plant = Area OEBA/OA\n", "M2 = 700.8*10**6/8760 #kW\n", "\n", "#Now,\n", "x = 8760*y/160\n", "E33 = 10**3*1/2*(x*y)\n", "#But the units generated by reservoir plant are E3 kWh\n", "y1 = solve(E33-E3,y)[1]\n", "M3 = y1 #maximum demand on reservoir station(MW)\n", "M1 = 320-80-M2/1000 #Maximum demand on steam station(MW)\n", "LF2 = 100 #load factor of river plant(%), because it acts \n", " #as a base station.\n", "\n", "LF1 = E1*100/(M1*1000*8760) #load factor of of run-of-river plant(%)\n", "LF3 = E3*100/(M3*1000*8760) #load factor of reservoir plant(%)\n", "\n", " \n", "\n", "#Result:\n", "print \"(i)Maximum demand on run-of-river plant is\",round(M1),\"MW\"\n", "print \" Maximum demand on steam station is\",round(M2),\"MW\"\n", "print \" Maximum demand on reservoir station is\",round(y1),\"MW\"\n", "print \"\\n(ii)Load factor of steam plant plant is\",LF1,\"%\"\n", "print \" Load factor of of run-of-river plant is\",LF2,\"%\"\n", "print \" Load factor of of reservoir plant is\",round(LF3),\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(i)Maximum demand on run-of-river plant is 160.0 MW\n", " Maximum demand on steam station is 80000.0 MW\n", " Maximum demand on reservoir station is 80.0 MW\n", "\n", "(ii)Load factor of steam plant plant is 87.5 %\n", " Load factor of of run-of-river plant is 100 %\n", " Load factor of of reservoir plant is 25.0 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }