{
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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter5 Second and Third Law of Thermodynamics"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.1, Page no.20"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "maximum work= 214.42 cal\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "q2=1000      #in cal\n",
    "T2=100       #in C\n",
    "T1= 20       #in C\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "wmax= q2*(T2-T1)/(273.1+T2)\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "wmax=round(wmax,2)\n",
    "print 'maximum work=',wmax,'cal'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.2, Page no.20"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "entropy change per mole= 20.18 cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "dH= 6896   #in cal moleˆ−1\n",
    "T= 68.7    #in C\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "dS= dH/(273.1+T)\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "dS=round(dS,2)\n",
    "print 'entropy change per mole=',dS,'cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.3, Page no.21"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "increase in entropy= 0.64 cal degˆ−1 mole ˆ−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "Cp=6.09    #in cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
    "T1=30      #in C\n",
    "T2=0       #in C\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "k=0.0452799815  #log10((273+T1)/(273+T2)))\n",
    "dS=2.303*Cp*k\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "dS=round(dS,2)\n",
    "print 'increase in entropy=',dS,'cal degˆ−1 mole ˆ−1'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.4, Page no.21"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "increase in entropy= 5.74 cal degˆ−1 mole^−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "T1=25    #in C\n",
    "T2=600   #in C\n",
    "k1= 6.0954\n",
    "k2= 3.2533*10**-3      #in K\n",
    "k3= -10.71*10**-7      #in Kˆ−1\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "dS=k1*2.303*math.log10((273+T2)/(273+T1))+k2*(T2-T1)+(k3 /2)*((273+T2)**2-(273+T1)**2)\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "dS=round(dS,2)\n",
    "print 'increase in entropy=',dS,'cal degˆ−1 mole^−1'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.5, Page no.22"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "change in entropy= 2.76 cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "n=2      #in mole\n",
    "R=1.987  #in cal Kˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
    "X1=0.5   #in atm\n",
    "X2=0.5   #in atm\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "S=-2.303*n*R*(X1*math.log10(X1)+X2*math.log10(X2))\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "S=round(S,2)\n",
    "print 'change in entropy=',S,'cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.6, Page no.22"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "change in entropy= -10.61 cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "SH2O= 45.106   #in cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
    "SH2= 31.211    #in cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
    "SO2= 49.003    #in cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "dS= SH2O-SH2 -0.5*SO2\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "dS=round(dS,2)\n",
    "print 'change in entropy=',dS,'cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.7, Page no.23"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "change in Gibbs free energy= -2727.33 cal\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "n=2           #in moles\n",
    "p=1           #in atm\n",
    "p1=0.1        #in atm\n",
    "T=25          #in C\n",
    "R= 1.987      #in cal moleˆ−1 Kˆ−1\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS \n",
    "dG= n*R*2.303*math.log10(p1/p)*(273+T)\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "dG=round(dG,2)\n",
    "print 'change in Gibbs free energy=',dG,'cal'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.8, Page no.23"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "change in Gibbs free energy= -50.79 cal mole ˆ−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "R=1.987   #in cal moleˆ−1 Kˆ−1\n",
    "T=-10     #in C\n",
    "P1=2.149  #in mm\n",
    "P2=1.950  #in mm\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "dG=R*2.303*(273+T)*math.log10(P2/P1)\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "dG=round(dG,2)\n",
    "print 'change in Gibbs free energy=',dG,'cal mole ˆ−1'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.9, Page no.23"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "W= -741.151 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "qp= -9714.6 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "dE= -8973.449 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "dA= 741.151 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "dS= -26.04 cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
      "dG= 0.0 cal moleˆ−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "T=100       #in C\n",
    "R=1.987     #in cal moleˆ−1 Kˆ−1\n",
    "H=539.7     #in cal gˆ−1\n",
    "M=18        #in g moleˆ−1\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "w=-R*(273+T)\n",
    "qp=-H*M\n",
    "dE=qp-w\n",
    "dA=-w\n",
    "dS=qp/(273+T)\n",
    "dG=qp -(273+T)*dS\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "dS=round(dS,2)\n",
    "print 'W=',w,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'qp=',qp,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dE=',dE,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dA=',dA,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dS=',dS,'cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dG=',dG,'cal moleˆ−1'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 5.10, Page no.24"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "W= 1373.28 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "q= 1373.28 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "dE= 0 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "dA= -1373.28 cal moleˆ−1\n",
      "dS= 4.58 cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
      "dG= -1373.28 cal moleˆ−1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "#initialisation of variables\n",
    "R=1.987     #in cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1\n",
    "T=27        #in C\n",
    "V1=24.62    #in lit\n",
    "V2=2.462    #in lit\n",
    "#CALCULATIONS\n",
    "wmax=2.303*R*(273.1+T)*math.log10(V1/V2)\n",
    "dA=-wmax\n",
    "dE=0\n",
    "q=dE+wmax\n",
    "dH=0\n",
    "dG=-R*(273.1+T)*2.303\n",
    "dS=dG/(273.1+T)\n",
    "dS1=(dH-dG)/(273.1+T)\n",
    "#RESULTS\n",
    "wmax=round(wmax,2)\n",
    "q=round(q,2)\n",
    "dA=round(dA,2)\n",
    "dS1=round(dS1,2)\n",
    "dG=round(dG,2)\n",
    "print 'W=',wmax,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'q=',q,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dE=',dE,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dA=',dA,'cal moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dS=',dS1,'cal degˆ−1 moleˆ−1'\n",
    "print 'dG=',dG,'cal moleˆ−1'"
   ]
  }
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