{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:930bb93eeedabbc53e2ff6144f3806057a75b6b8eeda03fa36e964a84be57f62" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter04: MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.1:pg-245" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "L_min=0.4*10**-6; # (m)\n", "t_ox=8*10**-9; # (s)\n", "u_n=450*10**-4; # (A/V**2)\n", "V_t=0.7; # (V)\n", "e_ox=3.45*10**-11; \n", "\n", "# 4.1a\n", "C_ox=e_ox/t_ox;\n", "print round(C_ox*1000,2),\"= C_ox (fF/micrometer**2)\"\n", "k_n=u_n*C_ox;\n", "print round(k_n*1e6),\"= k_n (microA/V**2)\"\n", "\n", "# 4.1b \n", "# Operation in saturation region\n", "W=8*10**-6; # (m)\n", "L=0.8*10**-6; # (m)\n", "i_D=100*10**-6; # (A)\n", "V_GS=math.sqrt(2*L*i_D/(k_n*W)) +V_t;\n", "print round(V_GS,2),\"= V_GS (V)\"\n", "V_DSmin=V_GS-V_t;\n", "print round(V_DSmin,2),\"= V_DSmin (V)\"\n", "\n", "# 4.1c\n", "# MOSFET in triode region\n", "r_DS=1000; # (ohm)\n", "V_GS=1/(k_n*(W/L)*r_DS)+V_t;\n", "print round(V_GS,2),\"= V_GS (V)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "4.31 = C_ox (fF/micrometer**2)\n", "194.0 = k_n (microA/V**2)\n", "1.02 = V_GS (V)\n", "0.32 = V_DSmin (V)\n", "1.22 = V_GS (V)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.2:pg-263" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# NMOS transistor is operating in saturation region\n", "I_D=0.4*10**-3; # (A)\n", "V_D=0.5; # (V)\n", "V_t=0.7; # (V)\n", "uC_n=100*10**-6; # (A/V**2)\n", "L=1*10**-6; # (m)\n", "W=32*10**-6; # (m)\n", "V_SS=-2.5; # (V)\n", "V_DD=2.5; # (V)\n", "V_OV=math.sqrt(I_D*2*L/(uC_n*W));\n", "V_GS=V_t+V_OV;\n", "print V_GS,\"= V_t (V)\"\n", "V_S=-1.2; # (V)\n", "R_S=(V_S-V_SS)/I_D;\n", "print round(R_S/1000,2),\"= R_S (Kohm)\"\n", "V_D=0.5; # (V)\n", "R_D=(V_DD-V_D)/I_D;\n", "print round(R_D/1000),\"= R_D (Kohm)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "1.2 = V_t (V)\n", "3.25 = R_S (Kohm)\n", "5.0 = R_D (Kohm)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.3:pg-264" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# FET is operating in saturation region\n", "I_D=80*10**-6; # (A)\n", "V_t=0.6; # (V)\n", "uC_n=200*10**-6; # (A/V**2)\n", "L=0.8*10**-6; # (m)\n", "W=4*10**-6; # (m)\n", "V_DD=3; # (V)\n", "V_OV=math.sqrt(2*I_D/(uC_n*(W/L)));\n", "V_GS=V_t+V_OV;\n", "V_DS=V_GS;\n", "V_D=V_DS;\n", "print V_D,\"V_D (V)\"\n", "R=(V_DD-V_D)/I_D;\n", "print R/1000,\"R (Kohm)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "1.0 V_D (V)\n", "25.0 R (Kohm)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 11 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.4:pg-265" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# MOSFET is operating in triode region\n", "V_D=0.1; # (V)\n", "V_DD=5; # (V)\n", "V_t=1; # (V=)\n", "K=1*10**-3; # K=k'_n(W/L)\n", "V_GS=5; # (V)\n", "V_DS=0.1; # (V)\n", "I_D=K*((V_GS-V_t)*V_DS-(V_DS**2)/2);\n", "print I_D*1000,\"=I_D (mA)\"\n", "R_D=(V_DD-V_D)/I_D;\n", "print round(R_D/1000,1),\"=R_D (Kohm)\"\n", "r_DS=V_DS/I_D;\n", "print round(r_DS),\"=r_DS (ohm)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "0.395 =I_D (mA)\n", "12.4 =R_D (Kohm)\n", "253.0 =r_DS (ohm)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 14 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.5:pg-266" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "V_t=1; # (V)\n", "K=1*10**-3; # K=k'_n(W/L)\n", "V_DD=10; # (V)\n", "R_G1=10*10**6; # (ohm)\n", "R_G2=10*10**6; # (ohm)\n", "R_D=6*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "R_S=6*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "I_D=0.5 # mA\n", "# I_D=0.89mA will result in transistor cut off hence we take the other root of the equation\n", "V_G=V_DD*R_G2/(R_G2+R_G1);\n", "I_D=I_D*10**-3;\n", "print I_D*1000,\"= I_D (mA)\"\n", "V_S=I_D*R_S;\n", "print V_S,\"= V_S (V)\"\n", "V_GS=V_G-V_S;\n", "print V_GS,\"= V_GS (V)\"\n", "V_D=V_DD-R_D*I_D;\n", "print V_D,\"= V_D (V)\"\n", "# V_D>V_G-V_t the transistor is operating in saturation as initially assumed" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "0.5 = I_D (mA)\n", "3.0 = V_S (V)\n", "2.0 = V_GS (V)\n", "7.0 = V_D (V)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 18 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.6:pg-268" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# MOSFET is in saturation\n", "V_DD=5; # (V)\n", "V_D=3; # (V)\n", "I_D=0.5*10**-3; # (A)\n", "V_t=-1; # (V)\n", "K=1*10**-3; # K=k'_n(W/L)\n", "V_OV=math.sqrt(2*I_D/K);\n", "V_GS=V_t+(-V_OV)\n", "R_D=V_D/I_D;\n", "V_Dmax=V_D-V_t; # - sign as magnitude of V_t is considered\n", "R_D=V_Dmax/I_D;\n", "print R_D/1000,\"= R_D (Kohm)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "8.0 = R_D (Kohm)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 20 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.7:pg-269" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "K_n =1*10**-3; # K_n=k_n*W_n/L_n (A/V**2)\n", "K_p = 1*10**-3; # K_p=k_p*W_p/L_p (A/V**2)\n", "V_tn= 1; # (V)\n", "V_tp= -1; # (V)\n", "V_I=-2.5; # (V)\n", "V_DD=2.5; # (V)\n", "R=10;# (kilo ohm)\n", "# For V_I=0\n", "I_DP=(K_p*(V_DD-V_tn)**2)/2;\n", "I_DN=I_DP;\n", "print round(I_DP*1000,3),\"= I_DP (mA) and \",round(I_DN*1000,1),\"=I_DN (A) for V_I=0V\"\n", "print 0,\"= V_O for V_I =0V\"\n", "# For V_I=2.5V\n", "# I_DN=K_N(V_GS-V_tn)V_DS\n", "# I_DN=v_O/R\n", "# Solving the two equations we get\n", "I_DN=0.244*10**-3; # (V)\n", "V_O=-2.44; # (V)\n", "print V_O,\"= V_O and\",round(I_DN*1000,2),\"= I_DN for V_I=2.5V\"\n", "# For V_I=-2.5V Q_N is cut off\n", "I_DP=2.44*10**-3; # (A)\n", "V_O=2.44; # (V)\n", "print V_O,\"= V_O(V), \",round(I_DP*1000,2),\"=I_DP (mA) and\",0,\"= I_DN (A) for V_I=-2.5V\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "1.125 = I_DP (mA) and 1.1 =I_DN (A) for V_I=0V\n", "0 = V_O for V_I =0V\n", "-2.44 = V_O and 0.24 = I_DN for V_I=2.5V\n", "2.44 = V_O(V), 2.44 =I_DP (mA) and 0 = I_DN (A) for V_I=-2.5V\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 28 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.9:pg-283" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "I_d=0.5*10**-3; # (A)\n", "I_S=0.5*10**-3; # (A)\n", "V_t=1; # (V)\n", "K_n=1*10**-3; # K_n=k_n*W/L (A/V**2)\n", "V_DD=15; # (V)\n", "V_D=10; # (V)\n", "V_S=5; # (V)\n", "R_D=(V_DD-V_D)/I_d;\n", "R_S=V_S/I_S;\n", "V_OV=math.sqrt(I_d*2/K_n);\n", "V_GS=V_t+V_OV;\n", "V_G=V_S+V_GS;\n", "# V_t=1.5V\n", "# I_D=K(V_GS-V_t)**2/2\n", "# 7=V_GS+10I_D\n", "# solving above equations \n", "I_D=0.455*10**-3;\n", "deltaI_D=I_D-I_d; # Change in I_D (A)\n", "change=deltaI_D*100/I_d; # Change in %\n", "print round(change,2),\"= Change in I_D (%)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "-9.0 = Change in I_D (%)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 30 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.10:pg-293" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# Example 4.10 : Small signal analysis\n", "V_t=1.5; # (V)\n", "K=0.00025;#K= k_nW/L (A/V**2)\n", "V_A=50; # (V)\n", "I_D=1.06*10**-3; # (A)\n", "V_D=4.4; # (V)\n", "R_D=10000; # (ohm)\n", "R_L=10000; # (ohm)\n", "V_GS=V_D;\n", "g_m=K*(V_GS-V_t);\n", "r_o=V_A/I_D;\n", "A_v=-g_m*(R_L*R_D*r_o)/(R_D*R_L+R_D*r_o+R_L*r_o);\n", "print round(A_v,1),\"= Voltage gain (V/V)\"\n", "R_G=10*10**6; #(ohm)\n", "# i_i=v_i*(1-A_v)/R_G\n", "R_in=R_G/(1-(A_v));\n", "print round(R_in/1e6,1),\"= Input resistance (Mohm)\"\n", "# v_DSmin=v_GSmin-V_t\n", "v_i=V_t/(1+(-A_v)); # - sign to make A_v positive\n", "print round(v_i,2),\"= Largest allowable input signal (V)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "-3.3 = Voltage gain (V/V)\n", "2.3 = Input resistance (Mohm)\n", "0.35 = Largest allowable input signal (V)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 35 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.11:pg-304" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "v_o=90; # (V)\n", "v_i=9; # (V)\n", "R_sig=100.0*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "R_L=10.0*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "v_sig=10; # (V)\n", "A_vo=v_o/v_i;\n", "print A_vo,\"= A_vo (V/V)\"\n", "G_vo=v_o/A_vo;\n", "print G_vo,\"= G_vo (V/V)\"\n", "R_i=G_vo*R_sig/(A_vo-G_vo)\n", "print R_i/1000,\"= R_i in Kohm\"\n", "print \"assume R_L = 10 kilo ohm is connected\"\n", "v_o=70.0; # (V)\n", "v_i=8; # (V)\n", "A_v=v_o/v_i;\n", "print A_v,\"= A_v (V/V)\"\n", "G_v=v_o/A_vo;\n", "print G_v,\"= G_v (V/V)\"\n", "R_o=R_L*(A_vo-A_v)/A_v;\n", "print round(R_o/1000,2),\"= R_o (Kohm)\"\n", "R_out=R_L*(G_vo-G_v)/G_v;\n", "print round(R_out/1000,2),\"= R_out (Kohm)\"\n", "R_in=(v_i*100)/(v_sig-v_i);\n", "print R_in,\"= R_in (Kohm)\"\n", "G_m=A_vo/R_o;\n", "print G_m,\"= G_m (mho)\"\n", "A_i=A_v*R_in/R_L;\n", "print A_i,\"= A_i (V/V)\"\n", "R_inL0=R_sig/((1+R_sig/R_i)*(R_out/R_o)-1); # R_in|R_L=0 (ohm)\n", "print round(R_inL0/1000,1),\"= R_in at R_L=0\"\n", "A_is=A_vo*R_inL0/R_o;\n", "print int(A_is),\"= A_is (A/A)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "10 = A_vo (V/V)\n", "9 = G_vo (V/V)\n", "900.0 = R_i in Kohm\n", "assume R_L = 10 kilo ohm is connected\n", "8.75 = A_v (V/V)\n", "7.0 = G_v (V/V)\n", "1.43 = R_o (Kohm)\n", "2.86 = R_out (Kohm)\n", "400 = R_in (Kohm)\n", "0.007 = G_m (mho)\n", "0.35 = A_i (V/V)\n", "81.8 = R_in at R_L=0\n", "572 = A_is (A/A)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 43 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.12:pg-331" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "# Example 4.12 : Midband gain and upper 3dB frequency\n", "R_sig= 100.0*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "R_G=4.7*10**6; # (ohm)\n", "R_D=15.0*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "R_l=15.0*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "g_m=1*10.0**-3; # (mho)\n", "r_o=150.0*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "C_gs=1*10.0**-12; # (F)\n", "C_gd=0.4*10**-12; # (F)\n", "R_L= 1.0/(1/r_o + 1/R_D + 1/R_l)\n", "A_M=R_G/(R_G + R_sig)*g_m*R_L;\n", "print round(A_M),\"= midband gain A_M (V/V)\"\n", "C_eq=(1+g_m*R_L)*C_gd;\n", "C_in=C_gs+C_eq;\n", "f_H=(R_G+R_sig)/(2*math.pi*C_in*R_sig*R_G);\n", "print round(f_H/1000),\"= f_H (KHz)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "7.0 = midband gain A_M (V/V)\n", "382.0 = f_H (KHz)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 49 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ex4.13:pg-335" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "R_G=4.7*10**6; # (ohm)\n", "R_D=15*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "R_L=15*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "R_sig=100*10**3; # (ohm)\n", "g_m=1*10**-3; # (mho)\n", "f_L=100; # (Hz)\n", "C_S=g_m/(2*math.pi*f_L)\n", "print round(C_S*1e6,1),\"= C_S (microF)\"\n", "f_P2=1/(2*math.pi*C_S/g_m);\n", "f_P1=10; # (Hz)\n", "f_P2=10; # (Hz)\n", "C_C1=1/(2*math.pi*(R_G+R_sig)*10)\n", "print round(C_C1*1e9,1),\"= C_C1 (nanoF)\"\n", "C_C2=1/(2*math.pi*(R_D+R_L)*10)\n", "print round(C_C2*1e6,2),\"= C_C2 (microF)\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "1.6 = C_S (microF)\n", "3.3 = C_C1 (nanoF)\n", "0.53 = C_C2 (microF)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 55 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }