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   "source": [
    "# Chapter 1: Introduction"
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Example 1.1, Shear Stress, Page No. 16"
   ]
  },
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     "text": [
      "Shear Stress Required to nucleate a grain boundary crack in high temperature deformation = 158.887 MPa\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#variable declaration\n",
    "from math import pi\n",
    "from math import sqrt\n",
    "y_b=2;\n",
    "G=75;\n",
    "G=G*10**9;       #conversion to Pa\n",
    "L=0.01;\n",
    "L=L*10**-3;       #conversion to m\n",
    "nu=0.3;\n",
    "\n",
    "#calculation\n",
    "T=sqrt((3*pi*y_b*G)/(8*(1-nu)*L));\n",
    "T=T/10**6;\n",
    "\n",
    "#result\n",
    "print ('Shear Stress Required to nucleate a grain boundary crack in high temperature deformation = %g MPa') %(T)"
   ]
  }
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