{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#5: Conducting Materials"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 5.1, Page number 5.34"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "drift speed is 36.6 *10**-5 m/s\n",
      "mean free path is 3.34 *10**-8 m\n",
      "answer given in the book is wrong\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "Na=6.023*10**26;    #avagadro number\n",
    "e=1.602*10**-19;\n",
    "d=8960;     #density\n",
    "N=1;       #number of free electrons\n",
    "w=63.54;    #atomic weight\n",
    "i=10;      #current(ampere)\n",
    "m=9.1*10**-31;    \n",
    "rho=2*10**-8;   #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "r=0.08*10**-2;    #radius(m)\n",
    "c=1.6*10**6;   #mean thermal velocity(m/s)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "A=math.pi*r**2;    #area(m**2)\n",
    "n=Na*d*N/w;\n",
    "vd=i/(A*n*e);     #drift speed(m/s)\n",
    "tow_c=m/(n*e**2*rho);\n",
    "lamda=tow_c*c;      #mean free path(m)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"drift speed is\",round(vd*10**5,1),\"*10**-5 m/s\"\n",
    "print \"mean free path is\",round(lamda*10**8,2),\"*10**-8 m\"\n",
    "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 5.2, Page number 5.35"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "electrical conductivity is 4.8 *10**7 ohm-1 m-1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "e=1.602*10**-19;\n",
    "m=9.1*10**-31;  #mass(kg)\n",
    "tow=2*10**-14;    #time(s)\n",
    "n=8.5*10**28;    \n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "sigma=n*e**2*tow/m;    #electrical conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"electrical conductivity is\",round(sigma/10**7,1),\"*10**7 ohm-1 m-1\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 5.3, Page number 5.35"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "relaxation time is 4.0 *10**-14 s\n",
      "mobility of electrons is 7.0 *10**-3 m**2/Vs\n",
      "drift velocity is 0.7 m/s\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
    "m=9.1*10**-31;  #mass(kg)\n",
    "n=5.8*10**28;  \n",
    "rho=1.54*10**-8;    #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "E=1*10**2;\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "tow=m/(rho*n*e**2);      #relaxation time(s)\n",
    "mew_e=1/(rho*e*n);       #mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)\n",
    "vd=mew_e*E;       #drift velocity(m/s)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"relaxation time is\",round(tow*10**14),\"*10**-14 s\"\n",
    "print \"mobility of electrons is\",round(mew_e*10**3),\"*10**-3 m**2/Vs\"\n",
    "print \"drift velocity is\",round(vd,1),\"m/s\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 5.4, Page number 5.35"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "resistivity is 5.51 *10**-8 ohm m\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "rho=1.7*10**-8;    #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "T=300;     #temperature(K)\n",
    "T1=973;    #temperature(K)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "a=rho/T;    \n",
    "rho_973=a*T1;    #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"resistivity is\",round(rho_973*10**8,2),\"*10**-8 ohm m\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 5.5, Page number 5.36"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "increase of resistivity is 0.54 *10**-8 ohm m\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "rho1=1.2*10**-8;    #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "rho2=0.12*10**-8;    #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "p1=0.4;    #atomic percent\n",
    "p2=0.5;    #atomic percent\n",
    "rho=1.5*10**-8;    #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "rho_i=(rho1*p1)+(rho2*p2);     #increase of resistivity(ohm m)\n",
    "Tr=rho+rho_i;       #total resistivity of copper alloy(ohm m)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"increase of resistivity is\",round(rho_i*10**8,2),\"*10**-8 ohm m\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 5.6, Page number 5.36"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "electrical conductivity is 1.688 *10**7 ohm-1 m-1\n",
      "thermal conductivity is 123.93 W/m/K\n",
      "lorentz number is 2.447 *10**-8 watt ohm K-2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
    "m=9.1*10**-31;  #mass(kg)\n",
    "n=6*10**28;     #density(per m**3)\n",
    "tow=10**-14;    #relaxation time(s)\n",
    "T=300;    #temperature(K)\n",
    "k=1.38*10**-23;   #boltzmann constant\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "sigma=n*e**2*tow/m;    #electrical conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
    "K=n*math.pi**2*k**2*T*tow/(3*m);    #thermal conductivity(W/m/K)\n",
    "L=K/(sigma*T);    #lorentz number(watt ohm K-2)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"electrical conductivity is\",round(sigma/10**7,3),\"*10**7 ohm-1 m-1\"\n",
    "print \"thermal conductivity is\",round(K,2),\"W/m/K\"\n",
    "print \"lorentz number is\",round(L*10**8,3),\"*10**-8 watt ohm K-2\""
   ]
  }
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