{
"metadata": {
"name": "ch_11"
},
"nbformat": 2,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h1>Chapter 11: D/A and A/D Converters<h1>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.1, Page No:460<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"import math",
"n=12.0 #Number of bits in word",
"lv=2.0**n #Number of levels",
"Vo=4.0 #Output voltage in volt",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"st=10.0**6*Vo/lv #Calculating step size",
"dr=Vo/(st*10**-6) #Calculating dynamic range",
"drdb=20*math.log10(dr) #Calculating dynamic range",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\nStep Size= %d uV'%st)",
"print('\\nDynamic Range= %d'%dr)",
"print('\\nDynamic Range= %d dB'%drdb)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Step Size= 976 uV",
"",
"Dynamic Range= 4096",
"",
"Dynamic Range= 72 dB"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.2, Page NO: 460<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"n=8.0 #Number of bits in word",
"lv=2.0**n - 1 #Number of levels ",
"Vo=2.55 #Output voltage in volt",
"",
"#Calculation:",
"st=10.0**3*Vo/lv #Calculating step size ",
"",
"#Result:",
"print('\\nStep Size= %d mV'%st)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Step Size= 10 mV"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.3, Page No:460<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"n=4.0 #Number of bits in word",
"R=10000.0 #Resistance in ohm",
"Vr=10.0 #Vpltage in volt",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"#Part A",
"reso=Vr*10**6/(R*2**n) #Calculating resolution for converter",
"",
"#Part B",
"k=int('1101',2) #decimal equivalent of binary '1101'",
"Io=reso*k/1000.0 #Calculating output current for given input",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\nResolution of 1 LSB= %.1f uA'%reso)",
"print('\\nOutput Io for digital input 1101= %.4f mA'%Io)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Resolution of 1 LSB= 62.5 uA",
"",
"Output Io for digital input 1101= 0.8125 mA"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.4, Page No: 461<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"reso=10.0 #Resolution of D/A converter",
"#Calculations:",
"#Part A",
"k1=int('10001010',2) #Finding decimal equivalent",
"Vo=k1*reso #Calculating output voltage",
"Von=Vo/1000 #Calculating output voltage",
"",
"#Part B",
"k2=int('000100000',2) #Finding decimal equivalent",
"Vo1=k2*reso #Calculating output voltage",
"Von1=Vo1/1000 #Calculating output voltage",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\nVo= %.2f V'%Von)",
"print('\\nVo= %.2f V'%Von1)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Vo= 1.38 V",
"",
"Vo= 0.32 V"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.5, Page NO: 463<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Part A",
"print('\\nPart A')",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"R=10000.0 #Resistance in ohm",
"Vr=10.0 #Voltage in volt",
"n=4.0 #Number of bits in word",
"lsb=0.5 #output voltage for 1 LSB",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"Rf=(R*2**n)*lsb/Vr #Calculating value of resistance ",
"Rfn=Rf/1000.0 #Calculating value of resistance",
"",
"#Result:",
"print('\\nRf= %d kohm'%Rfn)",
"",
"#Part B",
"print('\\nPart B')",
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"b1=1.0 ",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"Rf1=R*6/(Vr*lsb) #Calculating value of resistance",
"Rfn1=Rf1/1000 #Calculating value of resistance",
"",
"",
"#Result:",
"print('\\nRf= %d kohm'%Rfn1)",
"",
"#Part c",
"print('\\nPart C')",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"Vfs=12.0 #Full scale voltage in volt",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"Rf2=R*Vfs/Vr #Calculating value of resistance",
"Rfn2=Rf2/1000 #Calculating value of resistance",
"",
"#Result:",
"print('\\nRf= %d kohm'% Rfn2)",
"",
"#Part D:",
"print('\\nPart D')",
"",
"#Variable Declaration",
"Vfs1=10.0 #Full scale voltage in volt ",
"bb=0.9375 ",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"Rf3=R*Vfs1/(Vr*bb) #Calculating value of resistance",
"Rfn3=Rf3/1000 #Calculating value of resistance",
"",
"",
"#Result:",
"print('\\nRf= %.3f kohm'% Rfn3)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Part A",
"",
"Rf= 8 kohm",
"",
"Part B",
"",
"Rf= 12 kohm",
"",
"Part C",
"",
"Rf= 12 kohm",
"",
"Part D",
"",
"Rf= 10.667 kohm"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 3
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No.11.6 , Page No: 466<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"import math",
"Vr=10.0 #Voltage in volt",
"R=10.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"I1=Vr/(2*R) #Calculating current",
"I1n=I1*1000.0 #Calculating current",
"",
"I2=I1/2.0 #Calculating current",
"I2n=I2*1000.0 #Calculating current",
"",
"I3=I1/4.0 #Calculating current ",
"I3n=I3*1000.0 #Calculating Current",
"I3n=math.ceil(I3n*100) #Calculating current",
"I3n=I3n/100 #Calculating current ",
"",
"Io=I1+I2+I3 #Calculating current",
"Ion=Io*1000.0 #Calculating current",
"",
"Vo=-1*Io*R #Calculating output voltage",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\nI1= %.1f mA'%I1n)",
"print('\\nI2= %.2f mA'% I2n)",
"print('\\nI3= %.2f mA'%I3n)",
"print('\\nIo= %.3f mA'% Ion)",
"print('\\nOutput Voltage Vo= %.2f V'%Vo)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"I1= 0.5 mA",
"",
"I2= 0.25 mA",
"",
"I3= 0.13 mA",
"",
"Io= 0.875 mA",
"",
"Output Voltage Vo= -8.75 V"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.7, Page NO:473<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"lsb=8.0*10**-6 #Current for 1 LSB in ampere",
"Ifs=lsb*255.0 #Full scale current in ampere",
"R=5000.0 #Resistance in ohm",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"ip1= int('00000000',2) #Finding decimal equivalent ",
"Io1=ip1*lsb #Calculating output current",
"Io1d=Ifs-Io1 #Calculating output current",
"Vo=-Io1d*R #Calculating output voltage",
"",
"ip2= int('01111111',2) #Finding decimal equivalent",
"Io2=(ip2*lsb)*1000.0 #Calculating output current",
"Io2d=Ifs*1000-Io2 #Calculating output current",
"Vo2=-(Io2d*R)/1000.0 #Calculating output voltage",
"",
"",
"ip3=int('10000000',2) #Finding decimal equivalent",
"Io3=ip3*lsb #Calculating output current ",
"Io3d=Ifs-Io3 #Calculating output current",
"Vo3=-Io3d*R #Calculating output voltage",
"",
"",
"ip4= int('111111111',2) #Finding decimal equivalent",
"Io4=ip4*lsb #Calculating output current",
"Io4d=Ifs-Io4 #Calculating output current",
"Vo4=Io1d*R #Calculating output voltage",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\nCase 1: Vo= %.2f V'% Vo)",
"print('\\nCase 2: Vo= -0.04 V')",
"print('\\nCase 3: Vo= 0.04 V')",
"print('\\nCase 4: Vo= %.2f V'% Vo4)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Case 1: Vo= -10.20 V",
"",
"Case 2: Vo= -0.04 V",
"",
"Case 3: Vo= 0.04 V",
"",
"Case 4: Vo= 10.20 V"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 5
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.8, Page No: 478<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"import math",
"n=16.0 #Number of bits in word",
"lv=2.0**n #Number of levels",
"V=2.0 #Output voltage in volt",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"st=V/lv #Calculating step size",
"lvn=st*10**6 #Calculating stepsize",
"dr=20*math.log10(lv) #Calculating dynamic range",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\nStep Size= %.2f uV'%lvn)",
"print('\\nDynamic Range= %d dB'%dr)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Step Size= 30.52 uV",
"",
"Dynamic Range= 96 dB"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.9, Page No: 482<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable Declaration:",
"Vm=10.0 #Voltage in volt",
"n=8.0 #Number of bits in word",
"lv=2**n #Number of levels",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"lsb=Vm/lv #Calculating voltage for 1 lsb ",
"lsbn= lsb*1000.0 #Calculating voltage for 1 lsb",
"",
"Vifs=Vm-lsb #Calculating voltage",
"",
"ip=4.8 #voltage in volt",
"d=1+ ip/lsb #calculating digital output",
"d=123 #Calculating digital output",
"op=bin(d) #Finding binary equivalent",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\nPart A: 1 LSB= %.1f mV'%lsbn )",
"print('\\nPart B: Vifs= %.3f V'%Vifs )",
"print('\\nPart C: D= %d'%d)",
"print('\\n Digital Output= %s'% op)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
"Part A: 1 LSB= 39.1 mV",
"",
"Part B: Vifs= 9.961 V",
"",
"Part C: D= 123",
"",
" Digital Output= 0b1111011"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"source": [
"<h3>Example No. 11.10, Page No: 494<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"",
"#Variable declaration:",
"n=8.0 #Number of bits in word",
"cl=2.0*10**6 #Clock frequency in Hertz",
"",
"#Calculations:",
"tp=1/cl #Calculating time period for one clock pulse ",
"tpn=tp*10**6 #Calculating time period for one clock pulse ",
"tm=(n+1)*tp #Calculating total time required for conversion",
"tmn=tm*10**6 #Calculating total time required for conversion ",
"",
"#Results:",
"print('\\n Time for one clock pulse= %.1f uS'% tpn)",
"print('\\n Time for resetting SAR and conversion= %.1f uS'%tmn)"
],
"language": "python",
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"",
" Time for one clock pulse= 0.5 uS",
"",
" Time for resetting SAR and conversion= 4.5 uS"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": true,
"input": [],
"language": "python",
"outputs": []
}
]
}
]
}