{ "metadata": { "name": "ch_10" }, "nbformat": 2, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Chapter 10: Phase locked loop

" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Example 10.1, Page No: 429

" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "", "#Variable Declaration:", "fs=20000.0 #Signal frequency in hertz", "fr=21000.0 #Free running frquency in hertz", "VCOf=4000.0 #V/F transfer coefficient of VCO in Khz/V", "", "#Calculation:", "Vcd=(fr-fs)/VCOf #Calculating change in DC control voltage", "", "#Result:", "print('Vcd= %.2f V'%Vcd)" ], "language": "python", "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Vcd= 0.25 V" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Example No. 10.2, Page No: 430

" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "", "", "#Part A", "#Variable Ceclaration:", "R1=15.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm", "R3=15.0*10**3 #Resistance in ohm", "R2=2.2*10**3 #Resistance in ohm", "C1=0.001*10**-6 #Capacitance in farad", "Vcc=12.0 #Voltage in volt", "", "#Calculations:", "Vc=Vcc*(R3/(R2+R3)) #Calculating volatage in Vc", "fo1=2*(Vcc-Vc)/(C1*R1*Vcc) #Calculating frequency", "fo1n=fo1/1000.0 #Calculating frequency", "", "#Results:", "print('\\nVc= %.3f V'%Vc)", "print('\\nFo= %.2f kHz'%fo1n)", "", "#Part B", "#Variable Declaration:", "Vc1=7.0", "Vc2=8.0", "", "#Calculation:", "fo2=2*(Vcc-Vc1)/(C1*R1*Vcc) #Calculating frequency", "fo2n=fo2/1000.0 #Calculating frequency", "", "fo3=2*(Vcc-Vc2)/(C1*R1*Vcc) #Calculating frequency", "fo3n=fo3/1000.0 #Calculating frequency", "", "fch=fo2n-fo3n #Calculating chane in output frequency", " ", "#Results:", "print('\\nFo= %.3f kHz'%fo2n)", "print('\\nFo= %.3f kHz'%fo3n)", "print('\\nChange in output frequency= %.3f kHz'%fch)" ], "language": "python", "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "", "Vc= 10.465 V", "", "Fo= 17.05 kHz", "", "Fo= 55.556 kHz", "", "Fo= 44.444 kHz", "", "Change in output frequency= 11.111 kHz" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Example No. 10.3, Page No: 438

" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "", "#Variable Declaration:", "import math", "fo=100.0*10**3 #Frequency in hertz", "C=2.0*10**-6 #Capacitance in farad", "Vcc=6.0 #Voltage in volt", "", "#Calculations:", "fld=7.8*fo/(2*Vcc) #Calculating lock frequency", "fldn=fld/1000.0 #Calculating lock frequency", "LR=2.0*fldn #Calculating lock range", "", "fcd=math.sqrt(fld/(C*2*math.pi*3.6*10**3))#Calculating capture frequency ", "fcdn=fcd/1000.0 #Calculating capture frequency", "CR=2*fcdn #Calculating capature range ", "", "R1=12.0*10**3", "C1=1.2/(4*R1*fo) #Calculating value of capacitance ", "C1n=C1*10**12 #Calculating value of capacitance", "", "#Results:", "print('\\nDelta FL= +/- %d kHz'%fldn)", "print('\\nLock Range= %d kHz'%LR)", "print('\\nDelta FC= +/- %.3f kHz'%fcdn)", "print('\\nCapture Range= %.3f kHz'%CR)", "print('\\nC1= %d pF'%C1n)" ], "language": "python", "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "", "Delta FL= +/- 65 kHz", "", "Lock Range= 130 kHz", "", "Delta FC= +/- 1.199 kHz", "", "Capture Range= 2.397 kHz", "", "C1= 250 pF" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Example No. 10.4, Page No: 438

" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "", "#Variable Declaration:", "import math", "R1=15000.0 #Resistance in ohm", "C1=0.01*10**-6 #Capacitance in farad", "C=1*10**-6 #Capacitance in farad", "V=12.0 #Voltage in volt", "", "#Calculations:", "fo=1.2/(4*R1*C1) #Calculating output frequency ", "fon=fo*10**-3 #Calculating output frequency", "LR=7.8*fo/V #Calculating lock range", "LR1=LR/1000.0 #Calculating lock range", "fcd=math.sqrt(LR/(C*2*math.pi*3.6*1000)) #Calculating delta for capture frequency", "", "#Results:", "print('\\nCentre frequency of VCO is= %.2f kHz'%fon)", "print('\\nLock Range = +/- %.1f kHz'%LR1)", "print('\\nDelta FC= %.2f Hz'%fcd)" ], "language": "python", "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "", "Centre frequency of VCO is= 2.00 kHz", "", "Lock Range = +/- 1.3 kHz", "", "Delta FC= 239.73 Hz" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Example No. 10.5, Page No: 439

" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "", "#Variable Declaration:", "import math", "C1=470.0*10**-12 #Capacitance value in farad", "C=20.0*10**-6 #Capacitance value in farad", "V=12.0 #Voltage in volt", "R1=15000.0 #Resistance in ohm", "", "#Calculations:", "fo=1.2/(4*R1*C1) #Calculating centre frequency of the VCO", "fon=fo/1000.0 #Calculating centre frequency of the VCO", "", "LR=7.8*fo/V #Calculating lock range ", "LR1=LR/1000.0 #Calculating lock range", "fcd=math.sqrt(LR/(C*2*math.pi*3.6*1000)) #Calculating capture range ", "", "#Results:", "print('\\nCentre frequency of VCO is= %.3f kHz'%fon)", "print('\\nLock Range = +/- %.2f kHz'%LR1)", "print('\\nDelta FC= +/- %.2f Hz'%fcd)" ], "language": "python", "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "", "Centre frequency of VCO is= 42.553 kHz", "", "Lock Range = +/- 27.66 kHz", "", "Delta FC= +/- 247.27 Hz" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Example No. 10.6, Page No: 439

" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "", "#Variable Declaration:", "fr=300.0 #Free running frequency in hertz", "bw=50.0 #Bandwidth in hertz", "ip=320.0 #input signal frequency in hertz", "", "#Calculations:", "pdop=fr+ip #Calculating phase detector output", "difr=ip-fr #Calculating difference frequency", "", "#Results:", "print('\\nPhase detector output= %d kHz'%pdop)", "print('\\nDifference Frequency= %d kHz'%difr)", "print('\\nAs Bandwidth is greater than difference frequency,')", "print('\\nPLL can acquire lock')" ], "language": "python", "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "", "Phase detector output= 620 kHz", "", "Difference Frequency= 20 kHz", "", "As Bandwidth is greater than difference frequency,", "", "PLL can acquire lock" ] } ], "prompt_number": 4 }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "source": [ "

Example no. 10.7, Page No: 440

" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "", "#Variable Declaration:", "import math", "C1=0.01*10**-6 #Capacitance value in farad", "C=0.04*10**-6 #Capacitance value in farad", "V=12.0 #Voltage in volt", "R1=10000.0 #Resistance in ohm", "", "#Calculations:", "fo=120/(4*R1*C1) #Calculating centre frequency of the VCO", "fon=fo/1000.0 #Calculating centre frequency of the VCO", "", "fld=7.8*fo/(V) #Calculating Lock range", "fldn=fld/1000.0 #Calculating Lock range", " ", "fcd=math.sqrt(fld/(C*2*math.pi*3.6*10**3)) #Calculating capture range", "fcdn=fcd/1000.0 #Calculating Capture range", "", "#Results:", "print('\\nCentre frequency of VCO is= %.1f kHz'%fon)", "print('\\nLock Range= %d kHz'%fldn)", "print('\\nCapture Range= %.2f kHz'%fcdn)" ], "language": "python", "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "", "Centre frequency of VCO is= 300.0 kHz", "", "Lock Range= 195 kHz", "", "Capture Range= 14.68 kHz" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 } ] } ] }