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   "source": [
    "# Chapter 4 Operational Amplifier"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.1 Pg 79"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  closed loop gain of an op-amp is = 35.00\n",
      "  the input impedance Zin = 10.00 kohm \n",
      "  the output impedance Z0 = 0.020  ohm \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "# For an op-amp circuit find a) closed loop gain Acl b) input impedance Zin c) output impedance Zo\n",
    "ro = 85 # # ohm\n",
    "A = 150*10**3 # # ohm\n",
    "R2 = 350*10**3 # # ohm  # Feedback resistance\n",
    "R1 = 10*10**3 # # ohm  # Input resistance\n",
    "\n",
    "# a) closed loop gain\n",
    "# ACL = abs(Vo/Vin) = abs(R2/R1)\n",
    "ACL = abs(R2/R1) #\n",
    "print '  closed loop gain of an op-amp is = %0.2f'%ACL# # 1/beta = ACL\n",
    "beta = (1/ACL) #\n",
    "\n",
    "# b) the input impedance Zin\n",
    "Zin = R1 #\n",
    "print '  the input impedance Zin = %0.2f'%(Zin/1e3),'kohm '#\n",
    "\n",
    "# c0 the output impedance Z0\n",
    "Z0 = (ro)/(1+(beta*A))#\n",
    "print '  the output impedance Z0 = %0.3f'%Z0,' ohm '#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.2 Pg 80"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  The difference voltage is = 10.00  V \n",
      "  The open loop gain is = 2.00   \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
    "V1 = -5 # # volt  # input voltage\n",
    "V2 = 5 # # volt\n",
    "Vo = 20 # #volt  # output voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# the difference voltage is given by \n",
    "Vd = V2-V1 #\n",
    "print '  The difference voltage is = %0.2f'%Vd,' V '\n",
    "\n",
    "# open loop gain \n",
    "A = (Vo/Vd)#\n",
    "print '  The open loop gain is = %0.2f'%A,'  '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.3 Pg 80"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  The difference voltage is = 5.00  V \n",
      "  The open loop gain is = 4.00   \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
    "V1 = -5 # # volt # input voltage\n",
    "V2 = 0 # # volt  # GND\n",
    "Vo = 20 # #volt  # output voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# the difference voltage is given by \n",
    "Vd = V2-V1 #\n",
    "print '  The difference voltage is = %0.2f'%Vd,' V '\n",
    "\n",
    "# open loop gain \n",
    "A = (Vo/Vd)#\n",
    "print '  The open loop gain is = %0.2f'%A,'  '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.4 Pg 81"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  The difference voltage is = 5.00  V \n",
      "  The open loop gain is = 4.00   \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
    "V1 = 0 # # volt # input voltage  # GND\n",
    "V2 = 5 # # volt  \n",
    "Vo = 20 # #volt  # output voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# the difference voltage is given by \n",
    "Vd = V2-V1 #\n",
    "print '  The difference voltage is = %0.2f'%Vd,' V '\n",
    "\n",
    "# open loop gain \n",
    "A = (Vo/Vd)#\n",
    "print '  The open loop gain is = %0.2f'%A,'  '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.5 Pg 81"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  The difference voltage is = -10.00  V \n",
      "  The open loop gain is = 2.00   \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
    "V1 = 5 # # volt # input voltage  # GND\n",
    "V2 = -5 # # volt  \n",
    "Vo = -20 # #volt  # output voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# the difference voltage is given by \n",
    "Vd = V2-V1 #\n",
    "print '  The difference voltage is = %0.2f'%Vd,' V '\n",
    "\n",
    "# open loop gain \n",
    "A = (Vo/Vd)#\n",
    "print '  The open loop gain is = %0.2f'%A,'  '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.6 Pg 82"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp is = -2.50   \n",
      "The |Ac| Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp is = 2.50   \n",
      "The output voltage of an inverting op-amp is = -25.00  V \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "# To find closed loop gain and output voltage Vo of an inverting op-amp\n",
    "R1 = 10 # #kilo ohm  # input resistance\n",
    "R2 = 25 # # kilo ohm  # feedback resistance\n",
    "Vin = 10 # #volt  # input voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp\n",
    "Ac = -(R2/R1) #\n",
    "print 'The Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp is = %0.2f'%Ac,'  '\n",
    "Ac = abs(Ac)#\n",
    "print 'The |Ac| Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp is = %0.2f'%Ac,'  '\n",
    "\n",
    "# the output voltage of an inverting op-amp\n",
    "Vo = -(R2/R1)*Vin #\n",
    "print 'The output voltage of an inverting op-amp is = %0.2f'%Vo,' V '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.7 Pg 82"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " The Closed loop gain of an non-inverting op-amp is = 3.50   \n",
      " The output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is = 35.00  V \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# To find closed loop gain and output voltage Vo of an non-inverting op-amp\n",
    "R1 = 10 # #kilo ohm  # input resistance\n",
    "R2 = 25 # # kilo ohm  # feedback resistance\n",
    "Vin = 10 # #volt  # input voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# Closed loop gain of an non-inverting op-amp\n",
    "Ac = 1+(R2/R1) #\n",
    "Ac = abs(Ac)#\n",
    "print ' The Closed loop gain of an non-inverting op-amp is = %0.2f'%Ac,'  '\n",
    "\n",
    "# the output voltage of an inverting op-amp\n",
    "Vo = (1+R2/R1)*Vin #\n",
    "print ' The output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is = %0.2f'%Vo,' V '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.8 Pg 83"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The closed loop gain of differntial op-amp is = 2.50   \n",
      "The output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is= 50.00  V \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# to find out closed loop gain and output voltage Vo\n",
    "R1 = 10 # #kilo ohm  # input resistance\n",
    "R3 = 10 # #kilo ohm  # input resistance\n",
    "R2 = 25 # # kilo ohm  # feedback resistance\n",
    "R4 = 25 # # kilo ohm  # feedback resistance\n",
    "Vin2 = 10 # #volt  # input voltage\n",
    "Vin1 = -10 # #volt  # input voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# closed loop gain of differntial op-amp is given by\n",
    "Ac = (R2/R1) #\n",
    "Ac = abs(Ac)# \n",
    "print 'The closed loop gain of differntial op-amp is = %0.2f'%Ac,'  '\n",
    "\n",
    "# the output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is given by\n",
    "Vo = (R2/R1)*(Vin2-Vin1) #\n",
    "print 'The output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is= %0.2f'%Vo,' V '"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example 4.9 Pg 84"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  The upper voltage is = 2.86  V \n",
      "  The lower voltage is = -2.86  V \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Determine the non-inverting input voltage\n",
    "R1 = 10 # #kilo ohm  # input resistance\n",
    "R2 = 25 # #kilo ohm # feedback resistance\n",
    "Voh = 10 # # volt #output voltage\n",
    "Vol = -10 # # volt # output voltage\n",
    "\n",
    "# upper voltage\n",
    "V = (R1/(R1+R2)*Voh) #\n",
    "print '  The upper voltage is = %0.2f'%V,' V '\n",
    "\n",
    "# Lower voltage\n",
    "V = (R1/(R1+R2)*Vol) #\n",
    "print '  The lower voltage is = %0.2f'%V,' V '"
   ]
  }
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