{
"metadata": {
"name": "chapter-14.ipynb"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h1>Chapter 14: Operations On Bits<h1>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>Binary Conversion, Page number: 483<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Function definition\n",
"def showbits ( n ):\n",
" a = 15\n",
" for i in range(0,16):\n",
" andmask = 1 << a\n",
" k = n & andmask\n",
" if k == 0:\n",
" print \"0\"\n",
" else:\n",
" print \"1\" \n",
" a = a-1\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"for j in range(0,6):\n",
" print \"Decimal %d is same as binary \"%( j )\n",
" showbits ( j ) #function call\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Decimal 0 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"Decimal 1 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"Decimal 2 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"Decimal 3 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"Decimal 4 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"Decimal 5 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>One's Complement, Page number: 484<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Function definition\n",
"def showbits ( n ):\n",
" a = 15\n",
" for i in range(0,16):\n",
" andmask = 1 << a\n",
" k = n & andmask\n",
" if k == 0:\n",
" print \"0\" \n",
" else:\n",
" print \"1\" \n",
" a = a-1\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"for j in range(0,4):\n",
" print \"Decimal %d is same as binary \"%(j )\n",
" showbits ( j ) \n",
" k = ~j \n",
" print \"One\u2019s complement of %d is \"%( j ) \n",
" showbits ( k )"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Decimal 0 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"One\u2019s complement of 0 is \n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"Decimal 1 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"One\u2019s complement of 1 is \n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"Decimal 2 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"One\u2019s complement of 2 is \n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"Decimal 3 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"One\u2019s complement of 3 is \n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 3
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>File Encryption, Page number: 485<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Function definition\n",
"def encrypt( ):\n",
" fs = open ( \"C:/Users/Akshatha M/Desktop/carrot.txt\", \"r\" ) #normal file \n",
" ft = open ( \"C:/Users/Akshatha M/Desktop/temp.txt\", \"w\" ) # encrypted file \n",
" if ( not fs or not ft ):\n",
" print \"File opening error!\" \n",
" exit()\n",
" while (1):\n",
" ch = fs.read(1)\n",
" if(not ch): #EOF\n",
" break\n",
" else:\n",
" ft.write(ascii(~ord(ch))) #complemented\n",
" #close files\n",
" fs.close()\n",
" ft.close()\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"encrypt() #function call\n",
" "
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": []
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>Right Shift Operator, Page number: 487<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Function definition\n",
"def showbits ( n ):\n",
" a = 15\n",
" for i in range(0,16):\n",
" andmask = 1 << a\n",
" k = n & andmask\n",
" if k == 0:\n",
" print \"0\" \n",
" else:\n",
" print \"1\" \n",
" a = a-1\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"i = 5225\n",
"\n",
"print \"Decimal %d is same as binary \"%( i )\n",
"showbits(i)#function call\n",
"\n",
"for j in range(0,6):\n",
" k = i >>j #right shift \n",
" print \"%d right shift %d gives \" %(i, j )\n",
" showbits ( k ) #function call "
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Decimal 5225 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"5225 right shift 0 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"5225 right shift 1 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"5225 right shift 2 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"5225 right shift 3 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"5225 right shift 4 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"5225 right shift 5 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 5
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>Left Shift Operator, Page number: 488<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Function definition\n",
"def showbits ( n ):\n",
" a = 15\n",
" for i in range(0,16):\n",
" andmask = 1 << a\n",
" k = n & andmask\n",
" if k == 0:\n",
" print \"0\" \n",
" else:\n",
" print \"1\" \n",
" a = a-1\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"i = 5225\n",
"\n",
"print \"Decimal %d is same as binary \"%( i )\n",
"showbits(i)#function call\n",
"\n",
"for j in range(0,6):\n",
" k = i <<j #left shift \n",
" print \"%d left shift %d gives \" %(i, j )\n",
" showbits ( k ) #function call \n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Decimal 5225 is same as binary \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"5225 left shift 0 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"5225 left shift 1 gives \n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"5225 left shift 2 gives \n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"5225 left shift 3 gives \n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"5225 left shift 4 gives \n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"5225 left shift 5 gives \n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"1\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n",
"0\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>Date Field in Directory, Page number: 492<h3>\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"d = 9\n",
"m = 3\n",
"y = 1990\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation and result\n",
"date = ( y - 1980 ) * 512 + m * 32 + d \n",
"print \"Date = %u\"%( date ) \n",
"year = 1980 + ( date >> 9 ) \n",
"month = ( (date << 7 ) >> 12 ) \n",
"day = ( (date << 11 ) >> 11 ) \n",
"print \"Year = \", year \n",
"print \"Month = %u\" %(m)\n",
"print \"Day = %u\" %(d)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Date = 5225\n",
"Year = 1990\n",
"Month = 3\n",
"Day = 9\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>Bitwise AND Operator, Page number: 495<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"i = 65\n",
"\n",
"print \"value of i = \", i \n",
"\n",
"j = i & 32 #bitwise and\n",
"if ( j == 0 ):\n",
" print \"and its fifth bit is off\" \n",
"else:\n",
" print \"and its fifth bit is on\"\n",
"\n",
"j = i & 64 #bitwise and\n",
"if ( j == 0 ):\n",
" print \"whereas its sixth bit is off\" \n",
"else:\n",
" print \"whereas its sixth bit is on\" \n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"value of i = 65\n",
"and its fifth bit is off\n",
"whereas its sixth bit is on\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 8
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<h3>Bitwise XOR Operator, Page number: 500<h3>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"b = 50\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation and result\n",
"b = b ^ 12 \n",
"print b # this will print 62 \n",
"b = b ^ 12 \n",
"print b # this will print 50 \n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"62\n",
"50\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": []
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}