{
"cells": [
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"source": [
"## Chapter 11 - Additional topics in phase equillibrium"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example: 11.1 Page: 458"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
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{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Example: 11.1 - Page: 458\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Molecular Formula of Sulphur is S8\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"from __future__ import division\n",
"print \"Example: 11.1 - Page: 458\\n\\n\"\n",
"\n",
"# Solution\n",
"\n",
"#*****Data******#\n",
"a = 2.423## [g]\n",
"b = 100## [g]\n",
"Lf = 35.7## [cal/g]\n",
"Tf = 353.1## [cal/g]\n",
"delta_Tf = 0.64## [OC]\n",
"R = 2## [cal/mol K]\n",
"Mw = 32## [Molecular wt. of Sulphur, g/mol]\n",
"#*************#\n",
"\n",
"M2 = ((R*Tf**2/(1000*Lf))*(a*1000/(b)))/delta_Tf## [g/mol]\n",
"n = M2/Mw#\n",
"print \"Molecular Formula of Sulphur is S%d\"%(round(n))#"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example: 11.2 Page: 459"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Example: 11.2 - Page: 459\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Molal Freezing point is 5.10 kg/kmol\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print \"Example: 11.2 - Page: 459\\n\\n\"\n",
"\n",
"# Solution\n",
"\n",
"#*****Data******#\n",
"Tf = 5 + 273## [K]\n",
"Lf = 9830## [J/mol]\n",
"R = 8.314## [J/mol K]\n",
"M1 = 78## [kg/kmol]\n",
"#**************#\n",
"\n",
"Kf = R*Tf**2*M1/(1000*Lf)## [kg/kmol]\n",
"print \"Molal Freezing point is %.2f kg/kmol\\n\"%(Kf)#"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example: 11.3 Page: 458"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Example: 11.3 - Page: 458\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Latent Heat of Fusion of phenol is 26.54 cal/g\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print \"Example: 11.3 - Page: 458\\n\\n\"\n",
"\n",
"# Solution\n",
"\n",
"#*****Data******#\n",
"T_melting = 40## [OC]\n",
"Tf = T_melting + 273## [K]\n",
"a = 0.172## [g]\n",
"b = 12.54## [g]\n",
"T_new = 39.25## [OC]\n",
"M2 = 135## [Molecular wt. of acetanilide, g/mol]\n",
"R = 2## [cal/mol K]\n",
"#**************#\n",
"\n",
"delta_T = T_melting - T_new## [OC]\n",
"Kf = delta_T*b*M2/(1000*a)#\n",
"Lv = ((R*Tf**2/(1000)))/Kf## [cal/g]\n",
"print \"Latent Heat of Fusion of phenol is %.2f cal/g\\n\"%(Lv)#"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example: 11.4 Page: 461"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Example: 11.4 - Page: 461\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Molecular weight of anthracene is 178 kg/kmol\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print \"Example: 11.4 - Page: 461\\n\\n\"\n",
"\n",
"# Solution\n",
"\n",
"#*****Data******#\n",
"T_boiling = 118.24## [OC]\n",
"Tb = T_boiling + 273## [K]\n",
"a = 0.4344## [g]\n",
"b = 44.16## [g]\n",
"Lv = 121## [cal/g]\n",
"T_new = 118.1## [OC]\n",
"R = 2## [cal/mol K]\n",
"#**************#\n",
"\n",
"delta_Tb = T_boiling - T_new## [OC]\n",
"M2 = (R*Tb**2/(1000*Lv))*(a*1000/(b*delta_Tb))#\n",
"print \"Molecular weight of anthracene is %d kg/kmol\"%(round(M2))#"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example: 11.5 Page: 462"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Example: 11.5 - Page: 462\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Molar Latent Heat of Vaporisation is 31638 J/mol\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print \"Example: 11.5 - Page: 462\\n\\n\"\n",
"\n",
"# Solution\n",
"\n",
"#*****Data******#\n",
"delta_Tb = 2.3## [K]\n",
"w1 = 100## [g]\n",
"M1 = 78## [g/mol]\n",
"w2 = 13.86## [g]\n",
"M2 = 154## [g/mol]\n",
"Tb = 353.1## [K]\n",
"R = 8.314## [J/mol K]\n",
"#****************#\n",
"\n",
"# Molality:\n",
"m = w2*1000/(w1*M2)## [mol/kg]\n",
"# Molal Elevation Constant:\n",
"Kb = delta_Tb/m## [K kg/mol]\n",
"# Molar Latent Heat of Vaporisation:\n",
"Lv = R*Tb**2*M1/(1000*Kb)## [J/mol]\n",
"print \"Molar Latent Heat of Vaporisation is %d J/mol\"%(Lv)#"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example: 11.6 Page: 465"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Example: 11.6 - Page: 465\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Osmotic Pressure is 594.38 kPa\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print \"Example: 11.6 - Page: 465\\n\\n\"\n",
"\n",
"# Solution\n",
"\n",
"#*****Data******#\n",
"Temp = 50 + 273## [K]\n",
"w2 = 60## [g]\n",
"w1 = 1500## [g]\n",
"M1 = 18## [g/mol]\n",
"M2 = 180## [g/mol]\n",
"Vl = 18*10**(-6)## [Molar Volume of water, cubic m/mol]\n",
"R = 8.314## [J/mol K]\n",
"#***************#\n",
"\n",
"# Mole fraction of glucose:\n",
"x2 = (w2/M2)/((w2/M2) + (w1/M1))#\n",
"# Applying Eqn. (11.45):\n",
"P = R*Temp*x2/Vl## [N/square m]\n",
"P = P/1000## [kPa]\n",
"print \"Osmotic Pressure is %.2f kPa\\n\"%(P)#"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example: 11.7 Page: 465"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Example: 11.7 - Page: 465\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Osmotic Pressure of the solution is 4.92 atm\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print \"Example: 11.7 - Page: 465\\n\\n\"\n",
"\n",
"# Solution\n",
"\n",
"#*****Data******#\n",
"w2 = 0.6## [g]\n",
"w3 = 1.8## [g]\n",
"Temp = 27 + 273## [K]\n",
"V1 = 100## [cubic cm]\n",
"M2 = 60## [g/mol]\n",
"M3 = 180## [g/mol]\n",
"R = 0.082## [L.atm/mol.K]\n",
"#****************#\n",
"\n",
"V1 = V1/1000## [litre]\n",
"# C: Concentration per litre\n",
"C = ((w2/M2) + (w3/M3))/V1## [mol/litre]\n",
"P = C*R*Temp## [atm]\n",
"print \"Osmotic Pressure of the solution is %.2f atm\"%(P)#"
]
}
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