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   "source": [
    "## Chapter 11 - Additional topics in phase equillibrium"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example: 11.1 Page: 458"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example: 11.1 - Page: 458\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Molecular Formula of Sulphur is S8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "print \"Example: 11.1 - Page: 458\\n\\n\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "#*****Data******#\n",
    "a = 2.423## [g]\n",
    "b = 100## [g]\n",
    "Lf = 35.7## [cal/g]\n",
    "Tf = 353.1## [cal/g]\n",
    "delta_Tf = 0.64## [OC]\n",
    "R = 2## [cal/mol K]\n",
    "Mw = 32## [Molecular wt. of Sulphur, g/mol]\n",
    "#*************#\n",
    "\n",
    "M2 =  ((R*Tf**2/(1000*Lf))*(a*1000/(b)))/delta_Tf## [g/mol]\n",
    "n = M2/Mw#\n",
    "print \"Molecular Formula of Sulphur is S%d\"%(round(n))#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example: 11.2 Page: 459"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example: 11.2 - Page: 459\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Molal Freezing point is 5.10 kg/kmol\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print \"Example: 11.2 - Page: 459\\n\\n\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "#*****Data******#\n",
    "Tf = 5 + 273## [K]\n",
    "Lf = 9830## [J/mol]\n",
    "R = 8.314## [J/mol K]\n",
    "M1 = 78## [kg/kmol]\n",
    "#**************#\n",
    "\n",
    "Kf = R*Tf**2*M1/(1000*Lf)## [kg/kmol]\n",
    "print \"Molal Freezing point is %.2f kg/kmol\\n\"%(Kf)#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example: 11.3 Page: 458"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example: 11.3 - Page: 458\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Latent Heat of Fusion of phenol is 26.54 cal/g\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print \"Example: 11.3 - Page: 458\\n\\n\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "#*****Data******#\n",
    "T_melting = 40## [OC]\n",
    "Tf = T_melting + 273## [K]\n",
    "a = 0.172## [g]\n",
    "b = 12.54## [g]\n",
    "T_new = 39.25## [OC]\n",
    "M2 = 135## [Molecular wt. of acetanilide, g/mol]\n",
    "R = 2## [cal/mol K]\n",
    "#**************#\n",
    "\n",
    "delta_T = T_melting - T_new## [OC]\n",
    "Kf = delta_T*b*M2/(1000*a)#\n",
    "Lv = ((R*Tf**2/(1000)))/Kf## [cal/g]\n",
    "print \"Latent Heat of Fusion of phenol is %.2f cal/g\\n\"%(Lv)#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example: 11.4 Page: 461"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example: 11.4 - Page: 461\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Molecular weight of anthracene is 178 kg/kmol\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print \"Example: 11.4 - Page: 461\\n\\n\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "#*****Data******#\n",
    "T_boiling = 118.24## [OC]\n",
    "Tb = T_boiling + 273## [K]\n",
    "a = 0.4344## [g]\n",
    "b = 44.16## [g]\n",
    "Lv = 121## [cal/g]\n",
    "T_new = 118.1## [OC]\n",
    "R = 2## [cal/mol K]\n",
    "#**************#\n",
    "\n",
    "delta_Tb = T_boiling - T_new## [OC]\n",
    "M2 = (R*Tb**2/(1000*Lv))*(a*1000/(b*delta_Tb))#\n",
    "print \"Molecular weight of anthracene is %d kg/kmol\"%(round(M2))#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example: 11.5 Page: 462"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example: 11.5 - Page: 462\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Molar Latent Heat of Vaporisation is 31638 J/mol\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print \"Example: 11.5 - Page: 462\\n\\n\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "#*****Data******#\n",
    "delta_Tb = 2.3## [K]\n",
    "w1 = 100## [g]\n",
    "M1 = 78## [g/mol]\n",
    "w2 = 13.86## [g]\n",
    "M2 = 154## [g/mol]\n",
    "Tb = 353.1## [K]\n",
    "R = 8.314## [J/mol K]\n",
    "#****************#\n",
    "\n",
    "# Molality:\n",
    "m = w2*1000/(w1*M2)## [mol/kg]\n",
    "# Molal Elevation Constant:\n",
    "Kb = delta_Tb/m## [K kg/mol]\n",
    "# Molar Latent Heat of Vaporisation:\n",
    "Lv = R*Tb**2*M1/(1000*Kb)## [J/mol]\n",
    "print \"Molar Latent Heat of Vaporisation is %d J/mol\"%(Lv)#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example: 11.6 Page: 465"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example: 11.6 - Page: 465\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Osmotic Pressure is 594.38 kPa\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print \"Example: 11.6 - Page: 465\\n\\n\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "#*****Data******#\n",
    "Temp = 50 + 273## [K]\n",
    "w2 = 60## [g]\n",
    "w1 = 1500## [g]\n",
    "M1 = 18## [g/mol]\n",
    "M2 = 180## [g/mol]\n",
    "Vl = 18*10**(-6)## [Molar Volume of water, cubic m/mol]\n",
    "R = 8.314## [J/mol K]\n",
    "#***************#\n",
    "\n",
    "# Mole fraction of glucose:\n",
    "x2 = (w2/M2)/((w2/M2) + (w1/M1))#\n",
    "# Applying Eqn. (11.45):\n",
    "P = R*Temp*x2/Vl## [N/square m]\n",
    "P = P/1000## [kPa]\n",
    "print \"Osmotic Pressure is %.2f kPa\\n\"%(P)#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Example: 11.7 Page: 465"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Example: 11.7 - Page: 465\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "Osmotic Pressure of the solution is 4.92 atm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print \"Example: 11.7 - Page: 465\\n\\n\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "#*****Data******#\n",
    "w2 = 0.6## [g]\n",
    "w3 = 1.8## [g]\n",
    "Temp = 27 + 273## [K]\n",
    "V1 = 100## [cubic cm]\n",
    "M2 = 60## [g/mol]\n",
    "M3 = 180## [g/mol]\n",
    "R = 0.082## [L.atm/mol.K]\n",
    "#****************#\n",
    "\n",
    "V1 = V1/1000## [litre]\n",
    "# C: Concentration per litre\n",
    "C = ((w2/M2) + (w3/M3))/V1## [mol/litre]\n",
    "P = C*R*Temp## [atm]\n",
    "print \"Osmotic Pressure of the solution is %.2f atm\"%(P)#"
   ]
  }
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