{
"metadata": {
"name": ""
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Chapter 8 : Measuring Devices"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.4 page number 336"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"\n",
"pressure_difference = 3.4 #in mm water\n",
"pressure = 1.0133*10**5 #in pa\n",
"temperatue = 293. #in K\n",
"mass_of_air = 29. #in Kg\n",
"\n",
"density_air = pressure/(temperatue*8314)*mass_of_air #in kg/m3\n",
"print \"Density of air = %f kg/cu m\"%(density_air)\n",
"\n",
"delta_p = pressure_difference*9.8 #in pascal, acceleration due to gravity, g=9.8\n",
"Height=4\n",
"density_difference = delta_p/(9.8*Height);\n",
"print \"Density difference = %f kg/cu m\"%(density_difference)\n",
"\n",
"density_mixture= density_air-density_difference; #in kg/m3\n",
"print \"Density of mixture = %f kg/cu m\"%(density_mixture)\n",
"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Density of air = 1.206309 kg/cu m\n",
"Density difference = 0.850000 kg/cu m\n",
"Density of mixture = 0.356309 kg/cu m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.5 page number 341\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"\n",
"diameter=0.6; #in m\n",
"disk_distance=1.25*10**-3; #in m\n",
"speed=5.; #revolutions/min\n",
"torque=11.5; #in Joules\n",
"\n",
"viscosity=(2*disk_distance*torque)/(3.14*(10*3.14)*(diameter/2)**4);\n",
"\n",
"print \"viscosity = %f Pa-s\"%(viscosity)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"viscosity = 0.035999 Pa-s\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.6 page number 342\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"diameter =10.; #in mm\n",
"density_of_solution = 1750.; #in kg/m3\n",
"density_of_air = 1.2; #in kg/m3\n",
"velocity = 0.9; #in mm/s\n",
"\n",
"viscosity = (density_of_solution-density_of_air)*9.8*(diameter*10**-3)**2/(18*velocity*10**-3); #expression for finding viscosity\n",
"\n",
"print \"viscosity of solution = %f Pa-s\"%(viscosity)\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"v=(0.2*viscosity)/(density_of_solution*diameter*10**-3);\n",
"if v>0.9 :\n",
" print \"system follows stokes law\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"viscosity of solution = 105.791605 Pa-s\n",
"system follows stokes law\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 3
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.7 page number 367\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"\n",
"density_of_water = 1000.; #in kg/m3\n",
"viscosity = 1*10.**-3; #in Pa-s\n",
"pipe_diameter = 250.; #in mm\n",
"orifice_diameter = 50.; # in mm\n",
"density_of_mercury = 13600.; # in mm\n",
"manometer_height = 242.; #in mm\n",
"\n",
"height_water_equivalent = (density_of_mercury-density_of_water)*(manometer_height*10**-3)/(density_of_water) #in m\n",
"\n",
"Co = 0.61;\n",
"velocity = Co*(2*9.8*height_water_equivalent/(1-(orifice_diameter/pipe_diameter)**4))**0.5; #in m/s\n",
"\n",
"Re = (orifice_diameter*10**-3*velocity*density_of_water)/viscosity;\n",
"print \"reynolds number = %f which is greater than 30000\"%(Re)\n",
"\n",
"if Re>30000:\n",
" print \"velocity of water = %f m/s\"%(velocity)\n",
"\n",
"rate_of_flow = (3.14*(orifice_diameter*10.**-3)**2./4)*velocity*density_of_water;\n",
"print \"rate of flow = %f litre/s\"%(rate_of_flow)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"reynolds number = 235976.385359 which is greater than 30000\n",
"velocity of water = 4.719528 m/s\n",
"rate of flow = 9.262073 litre/s\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.8 page number 368\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"pipe_diameter=0.15; #in m\n",
"venturi_diameter=0.05; #in m\n",
"pressure_drop=0.12; #m of water\n",
"flow_rate=3.; #in kg/s\n",
"density = 1000.; #in kg/m3\n",
"viscosity = 0.001 #in Pa-s\n",
"\n",
"velocity = ((4./3.14)*flow_rate)/(venturi_diameter**2*density);\n",
"print \"velociy = %f m/s\"%(velocity)\n",
"\n",
"Cv=velocity*((1-(venturi_diameter/pipe_diameter)**4)/(2*9.8*pressure_drop))**0.5;\n",
"print \"coefficient of discharge = %f\"%(Cv)\n",
"\n",
"Re = velocity*(venturi_diameter/pipe_diameter)**2*pipe_diameter*density/viscosity;\n",
"print \"reynolds No = %f\"%(Re)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"velociy = 1.528662 m/s\n",
"coefficient of discharge = 0.990593\n",
"reynolds No = 25477.707006\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 5
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.9 page number 369\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"h1=0.66; #in m\n",
"h2=0.203; #in m\n",
"h3=0.305 #in m\n",
"density=1000.; #in kg/m3\n",
"pB=68900.; #in Pa\n",
"s1=0.83;\n",
"s2=13.6;\n",
"\n",
"print (\"part 1\")\n",
"pA=pB+(h2*s2-(h1-h3)*s1)*density*9.81; #in Pa\n",
"print \"pressure at A = %f Pa\"%(pA)\n",
"\n",
"print (\"part 2\")\n",
"pA1=137800. #in Pa\n",
"pressure=735. #mm Hg\n",
"pB1=pA1-(h2*s2-(h1-h3)*s1)*density*9.81;\n",
"pressure_B=(pB1-pressure*133.3)/9810.; #m of water\n",
"print \"pressure at B = %f m of water\"%(pressure_B)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"part 1\n",
"pressure at A = 93092.931500 Pa\n",
"part 2\n",
"pressure at B = 1.593432 m of water\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.10 page number 370\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"density_oil=900.; #in kg/m3\n",
"viscosity_oil=38.8*10**-3; #in Pa-s\n",
"density_water = 1000.; #in kg/m3\n",
"diameter=0.102 #in m\n",
"manometer_reading=0.9; #m of water\n",
"\n",
"delta_H=manometer_reading*(density_water-density_oil)/density_oil;\n",
"print \"manometer reading as m of oil = %f m\"%(delta_H)\n",
"\n",
"maximum_velocity=(2*9.8*delta_H)**0.5;\n",
"print \"maximum_velocityVmax) = %f m/s\"%(maximum_velocity)\n",
"\n",
"Re=diameter*maximum_velocity*density_oil/viscosity_oil;\n",
"print \"if Re<4000 then v=0.5*Vmax Re = %f\"%(Re)\n",
"if Re<4000 :\n",
" velocity=maximum_velocity*0.5;\n",
"\n",
"print \"velocity = %f m/s\"%(velocity)\n",
"\n",
"flow_rate=(3.14/4)*diameter**2*velocity*1000;\n",
"print \"flow rate =%f litre/s\"%(flow_rate)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"manometer reading as m of oil = 0.100000 m\n",
"maximum_velocityVmax) = 1.400000 m/s\n",
"if Re<4000 then v=0.5*Vmax Re = 3312.371134\n",
"velocity = 0.700000 m/s\n",
"flow rate =5.716998 litre/s\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.11 page number 372\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"import math \n",
"flow_rate_steel=1.2; #l/s\n",
"density_steel=7.92;\n",
"density_kerosene=0.82;\n",
"density_water=1;\n",
"\n",
"flow_rate_kerosene =(((density_steel-density_kerosene)/density_kerosene)/((density_steel-density_water)/density_water))**0.5*flow_rate_steel\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"print \"maximum_flow rate of kerosene = %f litre/s\"%(flow_rate_kerosene)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"maximum_flow rate of kerosene = 1.342303 litre/s\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 8
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 3,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"example 8.12 page number 373\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"from scipy.optimize import fsolve \n",
"import math \n",
"initial_CO2 = 0.02; #weight fraction\n",
"flow_rate_CO2 = 22.5; #gm/s\n",
"final_CO2=0.031; #weight fraction\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"def f(x): \n",
"\t return initial_CO2*x+0.0225 - 0.031*(x+0.0225)\n",
"\n",
"flow_rate_flue_gas=fsolve(f,0)\n",
"\n",
"print \"flow rate of flue gas = %f kg/s\"%(flow_rate_flue_gas)\n",
"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"flow rate of flue gas = 1.982045 kg/s\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": []
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}