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 },
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  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter : 12 - D/A and A/D Converters"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.1 : Page No - 444\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "n = 8 \n",
      "Resolution = 2**n \n",
      "print \"Part (ii) : The resolution = %0.f\" %Resolution \n",
      "print \"That is, the output voltage can have\",int(Resolution),\"different values including zero\"\n",
      "V_OFS = 2.55 # in V\n",
      "Resolution= V_OFS/(2**n - 1)*10**3 \n",
      "print \"\\nPart (i) : The resolution =\",int(round(Resolution)),\" mV/1LSB\"\n",
      "print \"That is, an input change of 1 LSB causes the output to change by \",round(Resolution),\" mV\"\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Part (ii) : The resolution = 256\n",
        "That is, the output voltage can have 256 different values including zero\n",
        "\n",
        "Part (i) : The resolution = 10  mV/1LSB\n",
        "That is, an input change of 1 LSB causes the output to change by  10.0  mV\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.2 : Page No - 444\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "n = 4 \n",
      "V_OFS = 15 # in V\n",
      "digital_input = '0110' # in binary\n",
      "D= int(digital_input , 2) \n",
      "Resolution = V_OFS/((2**n)-1) # in V/LSB\n",
      "V_out = Resolution*D # in V\n",
      "print \"Final output voltage = %0.f V\" %V_out"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Final output voltage = 6 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.3 : Page No - 445\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "n = 8 \n",
      "Resolution = 20 # in mV/LSB\n",
      "digital_input= '10000000' # in binary\n",
      "D= int(digital_input , 2) # in decimal\n",
      "Resolution=Resolution*10**-3 # in V/LSB\n",
      "V_OFS = Resolution * ((2**n)-1) # in V\n",
      "print \"The value of V_OFS = %0.1f V\" %V_OFS \n",
      "V_out = Resolution*D # in V\n",
      "print \"The value of V_out = %0.2f V\" %V_out "
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The value of V_OFS = 5.1 V\n",
        "The value of V_out = 2.56 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.4 : Page No - 445\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "#Given data\n",
      "n = 4 \n",
      "V_OFS = 5 # in V\n",
      "digital_input= '1000' # in binary\n",
      "D= int(digital_input , 2) # in decimal\n",
      "Resolution = V_OFS/((2**n)-1) \n",
      "V_out = Resolution * D # in V\n",
      "print \"When input is 1000 then, the output = %0.4f V\" %V_out \n",
      "# When\n",
      "digital_input= '1111' # in binary\n",
      "D= int(digital_input , 2) # in decimal\n",
      "V_out= Resolution * D # in V\n",
      "print \"When input is 1111 then , the output  =%0.f V\" %V_out"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "When input is 1000 then, the output = 2.6667 V\n",
        "When input is 1111 then , the output  =5 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.5 : Page No - 445\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "n=12 \n",
      "digital_input= '010101101101' # in binary\n",
      "D= int(digital_input , 2) # in decimal\n",
      "step_size= 8 # in mV\n",
      "step_size=step_size*10**-3 # in V\n",
      "VoFS= step_size*(2**n-1) # in V\n",
      "print \"The full scale output voltage = %0.2f V\" %VoFS\n",
      "Per_resolution= step_size/VoFS*100 # in %\n",
      "print \"Percentage resolution is = %0.5f\" %Per_resolution\n",
      "Vout= step_size*D # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage in V %0.3f\" %Vout"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The full scale output voltage = 32.76 V\n",
        "Percentage resolution is = 0.02442\n",
        "The output voltage in V 11.112\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.6 : Page No - 450\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "V_R = 10 # in V\n",
      "n = 4 \n",
      "Resolution = 0.5 # in V\n",
      "R_F = 10 # in k ohm\n",
      "R = (1/2**n)*(V_R/Resolution)*R_F # in k ohm\n",
      "print \"The value of resistor = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %R "
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The value of resistor = 12.5 k\u03a9\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 19
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.7 : Page No - 456\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "V_i = 5.1 # in V\n",
      "n = 8 \n",
      "Re = 2**n \n",
      "Resolution = V_i/(2**n-1) # in V/LSB\n",
      "print \"The Resolution = %0.f mV/LSB\" %(Resolution*10**3) \n",
      "\n",
      "# When\n",
      "V_i = 1.28 # in V\n",
      "D = int(round(V_i/Resolution) )\n",
      "D_in_binary= bin(D) # in binary\n",
      "print \"The digital output = \",D_in_binary"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The Resolution = 20 mV/LSB\n",
        "The digital output =  0b1000000\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 21
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.8 : Page No - 457\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "V_i = 4.095 #input voltage in V\n",
      "n = 12 \n",
      "Q_E = V_i/( ((2**n)-1)*2 ) # in V\n",
      "Q_E = Q_E * 10**3 # in mV\n",
      "print \"The quantizing error = %0.1f mV\" %Q_E"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The quantizing error = 0.5 mV\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 23
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.9 : Page No - 460\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "print \"Part (i)\"\n",
      "V_i = 100 # in mV\n",
      "V_R = 100 # in mV\n",
      "t1 = 83.33 # in ms\n",
      "t2 = (V_i/V_R)*t1 # in ms\n",
      "print \"The value of t2 = %0.2f ms\" %t2 \n",
      "print \"Part (ii)\"\n",
      "Vi = 200 # in mV\n",
      "t_2 = (Vi/V_R)*t1 # in ms\n",
      "print \"The value of t_2 = %0.1f ms\" %t_2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Part (i)\n",
        "The value of t2 = 83.33 ms\n",
        "Part (ii)\n",
        "The value of t_2 = 166.7 ms\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 25
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.10 : Page No - 460\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "#Given data\n",
      "C_F = 12 #clock frequency in kHz\n",
      "C_F = C_F * 10**3 # in Hz\n",
      "V_i = 100 # in mV\n",
      "V_R = 100 # in mV\n",
      "t1 = 83.33*10**-3 # in sec\n",
      "D = C_F * t1*(V_i/V_R) # in counts\n",
      "print \"The Digital output is : \",int(round(D,1)),\" counts\" \n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The Digital output is :  1000  counts\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 26
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 12.12 : Page No - 463\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from numpy import pi\n",
      "#Given data\n",
      "n = 8 \n",
      "T_C = 9 #in \u00b5sec\n",
      "T_C = T_C * 10**-6 # in sec\n",
      "f_max = 1/(2*pi*T_C*(2**n)) # in Hz\n",
      "print \"Maximum frequency = %0.2f Hz\" %f_max"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Maximum frequency = 69.08 Hz\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 28
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}