{
"metadata": {
"name": "",
"signature": "sha256:6c1a77947ef3aadf1ffc1910414edb715436af612d196c62287eaa1f52dff688"
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"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Chapter 4 : Change of State\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.1 Page No : 106"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Input data\n",
"m = 1000. # Mass of Ice in gms\n",
"Sp = 0.5 # Specific heat of Ice in cal/g-K\n",
"t1 = -10 # Initial temperature of Ice in degree centigrade\n",
"t2 = 0. # The final temperature of Ice in degree centigrade\n",
"Li = 80. # Latent heat of fusion of ice in cals per gram\n",
"Ls = 540. # Latent heat of fusion of steam in cals per gram\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"h1 = m * -t1 * Sp # Heat required to raise the temperature of Ice in cals\n",
"h2 = m * Li # Heat required to melt ice at 0 degree centigrade in cals\n",
"h3 = m * 100 # Heat required to raise the temperature of water from 0 to 100 degree centigrade in cals\n",
"h4 = m * Ls # Heat required to convert water into steam at 100 degree centigrade in cals\n",
"T = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 # Total quantity of heat required in cals\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'Total quantity of heat required is %3.0f cals ' % (T)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Total quantity of heat required is 725000 cals \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.2 Page No : 112"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Input data\n",
"m = 1. # Mass of steam in gms\n",
"Ls = 537. # Latent heat of fusion of steam in cal per gram\n",
"mi = 100. # mass of ice in gms\n",
"Li = 80. # Latent heat of fusion of ice in cal per gram\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"h1 = m * Ls # Heat given out by one gram of steam when converted from steam into water at 100 degree centigrade in cals\n",
"h2 = 1. * 100 # Heat given out by one gram of water when cooled from 100 to 0 degree centigrade in cals\n",
"h = h1 + h2 # Total quantity of heat given out by one gram of steam in cals\n",
"m = h / Li # The amount of Ice melted in gms\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The amount of Ice melted is m = %3.2f gms ' % (m)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The amount of Ice melted is m = 7.96 gms \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.3 Page No : 115"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Input data\n",
"m = 100. # Mass of water in gms\n",
"tw = 40. # The temperature of water in degree centigrade\n",
"mi = 52. # Mass of Ice in gms\n",
"Lw = 100. # Latent heat of fusion of water in cals per gram\n",
"Li = 80. # Latent heat of fusion of Ice in cals per gram\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"h = Lw * tw # Heat lost by water when its temperature falls from 40 to 0 degree centigrade in cals\n",
"hi = mi * Li # Heat gained by Ice in cals\n",
"hg = h # The amount of heat gained by Ice in cals\n",
"ml = (hg / Li) # The amount of Ice melted in gms\n",
"M = mi - ml # The amount of ice remaining in gms\n",
"W = m + (mi - M) # The amount of water in gms\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The remaining Ice is %3.0f g \\n Hence the result will be %3.0f g of Ice and %3.0f g of water at 0 degree centigrade ' % (M, M, W)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The remaining Ice is 2 g \n",
" Hence the result will be 2 g of Ice and 150 g of water at 0 degree centigrade \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 3
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.4 Page No : 121"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Input data\n",
"m = 100. # Let the mass of water in gms\n",
"t = 15. # Time taken for an electric kettle to heat a certain quantity of water from 0 to 100 degree centigrade in minutes\n",
"T = 80. # Time taken to turn all the water at 100 degree centigrade into steam in minutes\n",
"Lw = 100. # Latent heat of fusion of water in cals per gram\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"h1 = m * Lw # Heat required to raise its temperature from 0 to 100 degree centigrade in cals\n",
"h2 = h1 # Heat produced by electric kettle in 15 minutes in cals\n",
"h3 = h2 / 15 # Heat produced by electric kettle in 1 minute in cals\n",
"h4 = h3 * 80 # Heat produced by electric kettle in 80 minutes in cals\n",
"L = h4 / m # Latent heat of steam in cal/g\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The latent heat of steam is L = %3.2f cal/g ' % (L)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The latent heat of steam is L = 533.33 cal/g \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.5 Page No : 123"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Input data\n",
"m = 50. # Mass of water in gms\n",
"t1 = 15. # Initial temperature in degree centigrade\n",
"t2 = -20 # Final temperature in degree centigrade\n",
"Sp = 0.5 # Specific heat of Ice in cal/g-K\n",
"Li = 80. # Latent heat of fusion of Ice in cals per gram\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"h1 = m * 1 * t1 # Heat removed in cooling water from 15 to 0 degree centigrade in cal\n",
"h2 = m * Li # Heat removed in converting water into Ice at 0 degree centigrade in cal\n",
"h3 = m * Sp * -t2 # Heat removed in cooling ice from 0 to -20 degree centigrade in cal\n",
"H = h1 + h2 + h3 # Total heat removed in one hour in cal\n",
"H1 = H / 60 # Heat removed per minute in cal/minute\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The Quantity of heat removed per minute is %3.1f cal/minute ' % (H1)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The Quantity of heat removed per minute is 87.5 cal/minute \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 5
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.6 Page No : 128"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Input data\n",
"M = 20. # Mass of the substance in g\n",
"t = 100. # The temperature of the substance in degree centigrade\n",
"a = 1. / 100 # Area of cross section in cm**2\n",
"l = 5. # The length of the coloumn through which liquid moves in cm\n",
"V1 = 1000. # The volume of water in cm**3\n",
"V2 = 1090. # The volume of Ice from the volume of water on freezing in cm**3\n",
"Li = 80. # Latent heat of Ice in cals per gram\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"V = V2 - V1 # The decrease in volume of Ice in cm**3\n",
"Vi = V / 1000 # The decrease in volume when one gram of ice melts in cm**3\n",
"v = l * a # Decrease in volume in cm**3\n",
"# Specific heat of the substance incal/g degree centigrade\n",
"S = (Li * v) / (Vi * M * t)\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The specific heat of the substance is %3.3f cal/g.degree centigrade ' % (S)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The specific heat of the substance is 0.022 cal/g.degree centigrade \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.7 Page No : 132"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"# Input data\n",
"M = 27. # The mass of the substance in g\n",
"t = 100. # The temperature of the substance in degree centigrade\n",
"a = 3. / 100 # Area of cross section in cm**2\n",
"l = 10. # The length of the coloumn through which liquid moves in cm\n",
"Li = 80. # Latent heat of Ice in cals per gram\n",
"V1 = 1000. # The volume of water in cm**3\n",
"V2 = 1090. # The volume of Ice from the volume of water on freezing in cm**3\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"v = l * a # Decrease in volume in cm**3\n",
"V = V2 - V1 # The decrease in volume of Ice in cm**3\n",
"Vi = V / 1000 # The decrease in volume when one gram of ice melts in cm**3\n",
"# Specific heat of the substance incal/g degree centigrade\n",
"S = (Li * v) / (Vi * M * t)\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The specific heat of the substance is %3.3f cal/g.degree centigrade ' % (S)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The specific heat of the substance is 0.099 cal/g.degree centigrade \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.8 Page No : 134"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Input data\n",
"t = 16.5 # The temperature of air in degree centigrade\n",
"d = 6.5 # The dew point in degree centigrade\n",
"s1 = 7.05 # S.V.P at 6 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"s2 = 7.51 # S.V.P at 7 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"s3 = 13.62 # S.V.P at 16 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"s4 = 14.42 # S.V.P at 17 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"s5 = (s1 + s2) / 2 # S.V.P at 6.5 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"s6 = (s3 + s4) / 2 # S.V.P at 16.5 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"R = (s5 / s6) * 100 # Relative humidity of air in percent\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The percentage relative humidity of air is R.H = %3.1f percent ' % (R)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The percentage relative humidity of air is R.H = 51.9 percent \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 8
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example 4.9 Page No : 140"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"\n",
"# Input data\n",
"R = 52. # The relative humidity of air in percent\n",
"t = 20. # The temperature of air in degree centigrade\n",
"s1 = 17.5 # S.V.P of water at 20 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"s2 = 9.2 # S.V.P of water at 10 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"s3 = 8.6 # S.V.P of water at 9 degree centigrade in mm\n",
"\n",
"# Calculations\n",
"s4 = (R / 100) * s1 # S.V.P at dew point in mm\n",
"s5 = s2 - s3 # S.V.P for 1 degree centigrade difference in mm\n",
"# The dew point temperature in degree centigrade\n",
"d = 9. + ((s4 - s3) / (s2 - s3))\n",
"\n",
"# Output\n",
"print 'The dew point temperature is %3.2f degree centigrade ' % (d)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"The dew point temperature is 9.83 degree centigrade \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}