{
"metadata": {
"name": ""
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
"worksheets": [
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 1,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Chapter 5:DC Motor Drives"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.1 ,Page no:75"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"T=10.0 #[turns]\n",
"Coil=144.0 #[no. of coils]\n",
"R=0.011 #[Resitance] ohm\n",
"fi=0.05 #Wb(flux per pole)\n",
"N=200.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"par_paths=2.0 #[Parallel paths] for wave winding\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"T_path=Coil*T/par_paths #no. of turns in each parallel path\n",
"R_path=R*T_path #ohm\n",
"Ra=R_path/par_paths #ohm(armature resistance)\n",
"p=12.0 #poles\n",
"emf=par_paths*Coil*T*p*fi*N/60.0/2.0 #V\n",
"R1=1000.0 #ohm\n",
"IL=emf/R1 #A\n",
"Ia=IL #A\n",
"T=par_paths*Coil*T*p*fi*Ia/2.0/math.pi/par_paths #N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"(a) Armature resistance : \",Ra,\"ohm\"\n",
"print\"(b) Torque: \",round(T,2),\"N-m\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"(a) Armature resistance : 3.96 ohm\n",
"(b) Torque: 396.03 N-m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 1
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.2 ,Page no:75"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Ia=110.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"V=480.0 #[Volatge] volt\n",
"Ra=0.2 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"p=6.0 #[poles]\n",
"C=864.0 #No of conductors\n",
"fi=0.05 #Wb[(flux per pole)]\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"back_emf=V-(Ia*Ra) #Volt\n",
"N=back_emf*60.0*p/C/p/fi #rpm\n",
"T=C*p*fi*Ia/2.0/math.pi/p #N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Speed : \",round(N,1),\"rpm\"\n",
"print\"Torque: \",round(T,1),\"N-m\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Speed : 636.1 rpm\n",
"Torque: 756.3 N-m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 2
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.3 ,Page no:79"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Ia=100.0 #[Current] A\n",
"V=200.0 #[Voltage] volt\n",
"N=600.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=0.05 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Eff=85.0/100.0 # [Efficiency]\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Ia1=Ia*Eff #armature current in separately excited dc motor\n",
"emf=V-Ia*Ra #V(motoring mode induced emf)\n",
"N1=500.0 #rpm(generating mode speed)\n",
"Gen_emf=emf*N1/N #V\n",
"Vo=round(Gen_emf)-Ia1*Ra #V\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Voltage of source : \",Vo,\"V\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Voltage of source : 158.75 V\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 3
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.4 ,Page no:79"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Ia1=10.0 #[Current] A\n",
"V1=200.0 #[Voltage] volt\n",
"N1=1800.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=0.6 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Rfield=360.0 #[Field resistance] ohm\n",
"V2=180.0 #[Voltage] volt\n",
"I_line=20.0 #[Limit line surrent] A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"#fi2=V2/V1*fi1\n",
"fi2BYfi1=V2/V1 \n",
"#Ia1*fi1=Ia2*fi2\n",
"Ia2=Ia1/fi2BYfi1 #A\n",
"Eb1=V1-Ia1*Ra #V\n",
"Eb2=V2-Ia2*Ra #V\n",
"#Eb1/Eb2=fi1*N1/fi2/N2\n",
"N2=N1/(Eb1/Eb2*fi2BYfi1) #rpm\n",
"Ifield=V2/Rfield #A\n",
"Ia=I_line-Ifield\n",
"#V2=Ia*(R+Ra)\n",
"R=V2/Ia-Ra #ohm\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"(a) Motor speed after supply voltage decreases : \",round(N2,2),\"rpm\"\n",
"print\"(b) Additional resistance is: \",round(R,2),\"ohm\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"(a) Motor speed after supply voltage decreases : 1786.94 rpm\n",
"(b) Additional resistance is: 8.63 ohm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 4
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.5 ,Page no:80"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Ia1=10.0 #A\n",
"V1=200.0 #[Supply voltage] volt\n",
"N1=1800.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=0.6 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Rfield=360.0 #[Field resistace] ohm\n",
"V2=180.0 #[Voltage] volt\n",
"I_line=20.0 #[Limit line current] A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Ia=Ia1-V1/Rfield #A(At changeover time)\n",
"emf=V1-Ia*Ra #volt\n",
"Ifield=emf/Rfield #A(At changeover time)\n",
"Iout=Ia1-Ifield #A\n",
"Rbraking=emf/Iout #ohm(Braking Resistance)\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Braking resistance : \",round(Rbraking,3),\"ohm\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Braking resistance : 20.542 ohm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 5
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.6 ,Page no:80"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"from scipy import integrate\n",
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Ia1=10.0 #[Current] A\n",
"V1=200.0 #[Voltage] volt \n",
"N1=1800.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=0.6 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Rfield=360.0 #[Field resistnce] ohm\n",
"V2=180.0 #[VOltage] volt\n",
"I_line=20.0 #[Limit line current] A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"#Part (a)\n",
"Ia=Ia1-V1/Rfield #A(At changeover time)\n",
"emf=V1-Ia*Ra #volt\n",
"Ifield=emf/Rfield #A(At changeover time)\n",
"Iout=Ia1-Ifield #A\n",
"Rbraking=emf/Iout #ohm(Braking Resistance)\n",
"I_initial=Iout #A(Inotial current)\n",
"t=30.0 #sec(time taken to stop)\n",
"I_change_rate=I_initial/t #A/s\n",
"#i=I_initial-I_change_rate*t , for 0<t<30(during braking time)\n",
"def f(t):\n",
" return((I_initial**2+(I_initial/30.0)**2.0/3.0*t**2.0-2.0*I_initial*I_initial/30.0*t)*Rbraking)\n",
" \n",
"E_dissipated=integrate.quad(f,0.0,t) #W-s\n",
"#Part (b) \n",
"#Rbraking=Rbraking-Rbraking/30*t #ohm\n",
"def g(t):\n",
" return(I_initial**2*(Rbraking-Rbraking/30*t))\n",
"E=integrate.quad(g,0.0,30.0) #Watt-sec\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Part(a) Energy dissipated : \",round(E_dissipated[0],1),\"watts-seconds\"\n",
"print\"Part(b) Energy dissipated in watts-sec : \",round(E[0]),\"watt-seconds\"\n",
"print\"NOTE:calculation of first part is not accurate in the book.\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Part(a) Energy dissipated : 6128.1 watts-seconds\n",
"Part(b) Energy dissipated in watts-sec : 27576.0 watt-seconds\n",
"NOTE:calculation of first part is not accurate in the book.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 6
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.7 ,Page no:82"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"I=50.0 #[DC Current] A\n",
"V=200.0 #[DC Volatge] volt\n",
"N=1000.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=0.2 #[Resiatnce[ ohm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb=V-I*Ra #V\n",
"Rt=(V+Eb)/2.0/I #ohm(Total resistance required)\n",
"omega_m=N/60.0*2.0*math.pi #rad/s\n",
"T1=Eb*2.0*I/omega_m #N-m\n",
"Eb=0.0 #for speed=0\n",
"I=V/Rt #A\n",
"#T proportional to I(for separately excited motor)\n",
"T2=T1*(I/100.0) #N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Additional resistance required to limit the current : \",Rt-0.5,\"ohm\"\n",
"print\"Braking torque : \",round(T1,2),\"N-m\"\n",
"print\"Torque when speed decreased to zero : \",round(T2,2),\"N-m\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Additional resistance required to limit the current : 3.4 ohm\n",
"Braking torque : 181.44 N-m\n",
"Torque when speed decreased to zero : 93.04 N-m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 7
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.8 ,Page no:82"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Ra=0.2 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"Rf=100.0 #[Field resistance] ohm\n",
"N=500.0 #[Rate dspeed] rpm\n",
"Rb=2.0 #Braking resistance ohm\n",
"E1=100.0 #back emf in V\n",
"If1=2.0 #Field curremn [A]\n",
"If2=2.5 #[Current] A\n",
"If3=3.0 #A\n",
"E2=125.0 #[EMF] V\n",
"E3=150.0 #[EMF] V\n",
"#Ib=Rf*If1/2\n",
"#Ia=If+Ib #A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"omega_m=N/60.0*2.0*math.pi #rad/s\n",
"Kefi1=E1/omega_m \n",
"Kefi2=E2/omega_m \n",
"Kefi3=E3/omega_m \n",
"T1=E1/omega_m*51.0*If1 #N-m\n",
"T2=E2/omega_m*51.0*If2 #N-m\n",
"T3=E3/omega_m*51.0*If3 #N-m\n",
"Tload=300.0 #N-m\n",
"Kefi=2.36 \n",
"If=2.482 #A\n",
"Ia=51.0*If #A\n",
"E=If*Rf/2.0+Ia*Ra #V\n",
"N=E/Kefi #rad/s\n",
"N=N*60.0/2.0/math.pi #rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Speed of motor : \",round(N,1),\"rpm\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Speed of motor : 604.6 rpm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 8
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.9 ,Page no:83"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
" \n",
"import math \n",
"%matplotlib inline\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"E1=200.0 #[EMF]V\n",
"E2=300.0 #V\n",
"E3=400.0 #V\n",
"E4=500.0 #V\n",
"E5=600.0 #V\n",
"E6=700.0 #V\n",
"Ia1=20.0 #[Current] A\n",
"Ia2=30.0 #A\n",
"Ia3=40.0 #A\n",
"Ia4=50.0 #A\n",
"Ia5=60.0 #A\n",
"Ia6=70.0 #A\n",
"Rt=0.6 #ohm\n",
"Tload=600.0 #N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"\n",
"from pylab import *\n",
"from numpy import *\n",
"\n",
"omega_m=Tload*2*math.pi/60.0 #rad/s\n",
"Kefi1=E1/omega_m \n",
"Kefi2=E2/omega_m \n",
"Kefi3=E3/omega_m \n",
"Kefi4=E4/omega_m \n",
"Kefi5=E5/omega_m \n",
"Kefi6=E6/omega_m \n",
"T1=E1/omega_m*Ia1 #N-m\n",
"T2=E2/omega_m*Ia2 #N-m\n",
"T3=E3/omega_m*Ia3 #N-m\n",
"T4=E4/omega_m*Ia4 #N-m\n",
"T5=E5/omega_m*Ia5 #N-m\n",
"T6=E6/omega_m*Ia6 #N-m\n",
"\n",
"fig,P1 = plt.subplots()\n",
"\n",
"P1.plot([Ia1,Ia2,Ia3,Ia4,Ia5,Ia6],[Kefi1,Kefi2,Kefi3,Kefi4,Kefi5,Kefi6],marker='o')\n",
"xlabel(\"Ia(A)\") \n",
"ylabel(\"Kefi\") \n",
"pylab.ylim(0, 12.0)\n",
"\n",
"P2 =P1.twinx()\n",
"P2.plot([Ia1,Ia2,Ia3,Ia4,Ia5,Ia6],[T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6],marker='o',color='r')\n",
"xlabel(\"Ia(A)\") \n",
"ylabel(\"T(N-m)\") \n",
"pylab.ylim(0,1000.0)\n",
"plt.xlim((0,80))\n",
"show()\n",
"#From the graph : \n",
"T=600.0 #N-m\n",
"Ia=63.0 #A\n",
"Kefi=9.8 \n",
"E=Kefi*omega_m #V\n",
"R=E/Ia #ohm\n",
"Rdb=R-Rt\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Resistance for dynamic braking : \",round(Rdb,2),\"ohm\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n"
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['f']\n",
"`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n"
]
},
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data",
"png": 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oCbPzzTfw4ovqQgOzZ0vHcp2sXasu/rdhA8iuz6Ie/Pbbb3zwwQc1ztRsbGz4\n5z//WauvI7/OwmwUF6u7be/YoS4wIGNpHS1dqi5xISt9i3pkMBi4cOHCbX8duaYkzMK+ffDss+rt\nM4sXy4o3dbZggbr9RGIitG+vdRpRz7QcO728vDh06NBtfx2ZKQldq6yEsDD46CNYskS9Ji/qQFHU\n5S3i4tTmBmdnrRMJUSNpCRe6lZkJ/furp+vS0qQg1ZnBoF6E27YNUlKkIFkhg8GAl5cXQ4YMAeDs\n2bP4+/vj7u5OQEAARUVFxueGhYXRoUMHOnXqRGJiYq3fozbt3rUhRUnojqLAf/8L3t5qIUpMlHG0\nzsrL1RVpT5xQi1KrVlonEhpYvHgxHh4extUUwsPD8ff3Jz09HT8/P+Pu38eOHWPt2rUcO3aMhIQE\npkyZQlVVVa3eo2U9bWsip++E5uLjU4iISKSszI5GjSqpqAjg7FkfkpLA01PrdOYlJT6exIgI7MrK\nqLSzI6CoCB9nZ3UvJFnp2yrl5OSwadMmZs+ezQcffABAXFwcO3bsACA4OBhfX1/Cw8OJjY1lzJgx\n2Nvb4+rqSvv27UlNTaWvCbuKpCgJTcXHpxAauoWMjHnGY3ffPZsVK8DT00fDZOYnJT6eLaGhzMvI\nMB6b3awZvPUWPlKQrNb06dNZuHBhtfVKCwoKjPcROTo6UlBQAEBeXl61AuTi4kJubq5J88rpO6Gp\niIjEagUJ4Pz5eSxdulWjROYrMSKiWkECmFdczNZPPtEokdDaxo0badOmDV5eXtftyrOxsbnhIqk3\nW0C1vslMSWjq7Nma/xcsLa39siRCZVdWVuNx29JSEycRppKcnExycvJ1H9+9ezdxcXFs2rSJ0tJS\nzp8/z7hx43B0dCQ/Px8nJydOnz5NmzZtAHB2diY7O9v4+pycHJxNfEFXZkpCE4qitngfPlxZ4+MO\nDgYTJzJzVVVUXuc0i0FO3VksX19f5syZY/y42vz588nOziYzM5OYmBgee+wxVq5cSVBQEFFRUQBE\nRUUxbNgwAIKCgoiJiaG8vJzMzExOnjyJt7e3Kb8lKUrC9AoKYMgQWLECPvooADe32dUed3ObRUiI\nrMVWa4WFMGgQAY0bM/vBB6s9NMvNDf+QEI2CCb25fCpu5syZbN26FXd3d7777jtmzpwJgIeHB6NG\njcLDw4PHH3+cJUuWmPz0nazoIExq40Z1V9iJE9WdEuzt1WaHyMitlJba4uBgICTEn0GDpMmhVvbu\nhaefhlFT7EnAAAAVN0lEQVSjYP58UhIT2RoZiW1pKQYHB/xDQvAZNEjrlMJELGHslKIkTKKkBF55\nRV2YeuVKdbkgcRsUBSIj1e11ly6FP0+/COtmCWOnNDqIBpeWpt6/2auXuglf8+ZaJzJz58/D88/D\nzz/Dnj2yb4ewKHJNSTQYg0Fd/3PgQHjrLVi1SgrSbbu8ze6998Lu3VKQhMWRmZJoEKdOqTvBVlXB\n/v1w1fV3URdRUeo50A8+gHHjtE4jRIOQmZKodzEx0Ls3BAbC9u1SkG7bpUvq6bqwMEhOloIkLJrM\nlES9OX8epk1T9z7atEktTOI2/fwzjBwJnTurU07ZSEpYOM1mSlcvpS7M265d0KMH3HGH2tggBake\nfPMN9Oun9tCvWSMFSVgFzWZKl5dSr4/tc4V2KirgnXfgiy/UDU2DgrROZAEqKmDmTPj6a/XGLhPf\nUS+EljSZKV1eSv355583+556a3byJPzjH3DgABw6JAWpXuTkgK8v/PQTHDwoBUlYHU2K0uWl1Bs1\nkj4Lc6Qo6syoXz/1mvumTeDkpHUqC5CYqJ73HDwYNmyAeto0TQhzYvLTd1cupX6j1W2vXFzQ19cX\nX1/fBs8mbq6wUL3E8csvaiNYly5aJ7IABgO8+666MkNMjDpTEsJKmXyZoVmzZrFy5Urs7OyMS6mP\nGDGC//73v3+FsoClMixRYiJMmABjxsC8edCkidaJLMBvv6nLXZSXQ3Q0tG2rdSJhxixh7NR07bsd\nO3bw/vvvs2HDhmrHLeEHa0lKS/+67v6f/4Cfn9aJLMTu3TB6tFqU3n0X7OQODXF7LGHs1Py3wNTL\nootbc/QojB0LnTqp69a1aKF1IgugKLBoEYSHw7Jl6jUkIQQgq4SL66iqgogI9TTdwoUQHAzy90M9\nOHdO3bfj11/hyy+hXTutEwkLYgljp+YzJaE/eXnw3HNw4YK6XY+s+VlPDh+Gp56CgAD1Zli5KCfE\nNaQnW1Tz7bfQsyc8/DDs3CkFqd4sXw7+/jB3Lnz8sRQkIa5DZkoCgOJiePlldQHVb7+Fv/9d60QW\noqQEpk6F1FRISVHXsBNCXJfMlASpqeDlpd4uc/iwFKR6k54OffuqywalpkpBEqIWpChZscpKtRN5\nyBB1V4QVK2TNz3rz5ZfqOdCpU9X93++8U+tEQpgFOX1npTIz1SWCmjRRl1hzcdE6kYUoL4dXX1WX\nCUpIUPeAF0LUmsyUrIyiqH+4e3vD8OGwdasUpHpz6hT4+EBWllrppSAJcctkpmRF/vgDXnxRvSE2\nKQk8PbVOZEESEtQ++hkz1C3L5aYuIepEipIFi49PISIikbIyOy5erOTXXwMYPdqHAwegaVOt01kI\ngwHmzFEvyK1bp86UhBB1JkXJQsXHpxAauoWMjHnGY23bziYwEJo2lYGzXpw5o67BpCjq6TpHR60T\nCWH2ZJkhCxUY+CaJie/VcPwtEhLe1SCReUuJjycxIgK7sjIqmzQhwM8Pn8hI9ZTdnDlga6t1RCEs\nYuyUmZKFKiur+T9taakMnrcqJT6eLaGhzMvIMB6bnZQEb72FzxX7fgkhbp9031moJk0qazzu4GAw\ncRLzlxgRUa0gAcyrqmLr3r0aJRLCcklRslAvvRSAm9vsasfc3GYREuKvUSLzZXfpUo3HbUtLTZxE\nCMsnp+8s1KBBajNDZORblJba4uBgICRkoPG4qKVt26hMS6vxIYODg4nDCGH5pNFBiJqcOqXeb7R/\nPynPPsuW6Ohqp/BmubkxcPFifAYN0jCkENVZwtgpMyUhrlRWBv/+N3zwAYSEQFQUPk2bQt++vBUZ\niW1pKQYHBwaGhEhBEqIByExJiMs2bYLQUOjaVS1KsiusMDOWMHbKTEmIjAyYPh1++gkiI2HgQK0T\nCWG1pPtOWK+SEnj7bejTB/r1UxcFlIIkhKZkpiSsj6Ko2+v+85/qJnyHD8tS6ULohMyUhHU5cUKd\nDb39trqIakyMFCRhsbKzs3n00Ufp0qULXbt2JSIiAoCzZ8/i7++Pu7s7AQEBFBUVGV8TFhZGhw4d\n6NSpE4mJiSbPLI0OwjpcuADvvQfLl8Ps2eqOsPb2WqcSol5dPXbm5+eTn59Pjx49KC4uplevXqxf\nv54VK1bQqlUrXnvtNRYsWMAff/xBeHg4x44dY+zYsezfv5/c3FwGDBhAeno6jRqZbv4iMyVh2RQF\noqOhc2coKFCvG738shQkYRWcnJzo0aMHAM2aNaNz587k5uYSFxdHcHAwAMHBwaxfvx6A2NhYxowZ\ng729Pa6urrRv357U1FSTZpZrSsJyHT0K06aps6R169RmBiGsVFZWFocOHaJPnz4UFBTg+OdWK46O\njhQUFACQl5dH3759ja9xcXEhNzfXpDmlKAnLU1QE//d/6gxp7lyYPFm2lhAWKTk5meTk5Js+r7i4\nmBEjRrB48WLuuuuuao/Z2Nhgc4Odkm/0WEOQoiQsR1UV/Pe/8MYbEBQEx45Bq1ZapxKiwfj6+uLr\n62v8fO7cudc8p6KighEjRjBu3DiGDRsGqLOj/Px8nJycOH36NG3atAHA2dmZ7Oxs42tzcnJwdnZu\n2G/iKnJNSViGgwfh4Yfh009hwwb47DMpSMLqKYrCpEmT8PDw4OWXXzYeDwoKIioqCoCoqChjsQoK\nCiImJoby8nIyMzM5efIk3t7eJs1s8u677Oxsxo8fz5kzZ7CxsWHy5Mm89NJL1UNJ952ord9/V7vp\nYmNh/nwIDgYTdgoJoSdXj53ff/89Pj4+dO/e3XgaLiwsDG9vb0aNGsWpU6dwdXVl3bp13HPPPQDM\nnz+f5cuXY2dnx+LFiwkMDDTt92DqonS9FsXOnTv/FUqKkrgZgwE+/1y9djR6tHrt6M9fKiGslSWM\nnSa/puTk5ISTkxPwV4tiXl5etaIkxA3t2aPeZ9SsGWzdCt27a51ICFFPNG10uLJFUYibKiiA119X\nC9HChTBmDJi4M0gI0bA0O/leXFzMyJEjWbx4Mc2aNdMqhjAHlZWweLG6pUSbNupq3mPHSkESwgJp\nMlO63KL47LPPGrs+rjZnzhzjv1/d9iisSHKyutmekxPs3AmdOmmdSAjRgEze6KAoCsHBwbRs2ZIP\nP/yw5lAWcLFO3KacHHj1Vdi9Gz78EIYPl5mREDdhCWOnyYvS9VoUB16xj40l/GBF7aXEx5MYEYFd\nWRmV9vYEODvjs3EjTJkCM2fCHXdoHVEIs2AJY6esEi40lRIfz5bQUOZlZBiPzb7jDgIXL8bn+ec1\nTCaE+bGEsVPuMhSaSoyIqFaQAOaVlLD1q680SiSE0JKsfSe0UVICa9Zgt2tXjQ/blpaaOJAQQg9k\npiRMKzNTbWB44AGIjaXyOt10BgcHEwcTQuiBFCXR8BRFveF16FB46CH189RU2LCBgLlzme3mVu3p\ns9zc8A8J0SisEEJL0uggGs6FCxAVBR99BI0bq/cbPfPMNd10KfHxbI2MxLa0FIODA/4hIfgMGqRR\naCHMlyWMnVKURP07cQI+/hhWrQI/P7UYPfKI3GckRAOzhLFTGh1E/TAYYPNmiIyEw4fhhRfghx/g\n/vu1TiaEMCNSlMTt+eMPWL4cliyBFi3UWVFsLEijghCiDqQoibo5ckS9VvTllzBoEKxZA7LauxDi\nNklRErVXWQnr16un6H7+Gf7f/1NX7HZ01DqZEMJCSFESN3fmjLrL66efgqureopu+HCwt9c6mRDC\nwkhREte3f796ii4uDkaMgA0boEcPrVMJISyYtISL6srK4Kuv1FN0+fnqtuMTJ0LLllonE0LchCWM\nnVKUhCo3Fz77DJYuhW7dYNo0GDwYbG21TiaEqCVLGDtlmSFrpijw/ffw9NPqVuO//w7bt/+1JJAU\nJCGEick1JWt06ZLawv3RR3DxojorWroUmjfXOpkQwsrJ6TsLVm1H1yZNCHj6aXx++glWrFDvKQoJ\nAX9/aCQTZiEsgSWMnTJTslA17uialARBQfjs3QtXrcwthBB6IH8iW6gad3StqmLrpUtSkIQQuiVF\nyULZlZXVeFx2dBVC6JkUJQtV2aRJjcdlR1chhJ5JUbJQAS+9JDu6CiHMjnTfWTDZ0VUI62IJY6cU\nJSGEsBCWMHbK6TshhBC6IUVJCCGEbkhREkIIoRtSlIQQQuiGJkUpISGBTp060aFDBxYsWKBFBCGE\nsArmNt6avCgZDAamTZtGQkICx44dIzo6muPHj5s6Rr1ITk7WOkKtSM76Yw4ZQXLWN3PJeTVzHG9N\nXpRSU1Np3749rq6u2NvbM3r0aGJjY00do16Yy/+okrP+mENGkJz1zVxyXs0cx1uTF6Xc3Fzuv/9+\n4+cuLi7k5uaaOoYQQlg8cxxvTV6UbGxsTP2WQghhlcxyvFVMbM+ePUpgYKDx8/nz5yvh4eHVnuPm\n5qYA8iEf8iEf8nELH25ubrc83uqNyZcZqqyspGPHjmzbto377rsPb29voqOj6dy5syljCCGExTPH\n8dbkO8/a2dnx0UcfERgYiMFgYNKkSbr+AQkhhLkyx/FWlwuyCiGEsE66W9FBjzd6TZw4EUdHR7p1\n62Y8dvbsWfz9/XF3dycgIICioiINE6qys7N59NFH6dKlC127diUiIgLQX9bS0lL69OlDjx498PDw\n4I033tBlzssMBgNeXl4MGTIE0GdOV1dXunfvjpeXF97e3oA+cxYVFTFy5Eg6d+6Mh4cH+/bt01XO\nEydO4OXlZfxo3rw5ERERusp4WVhYGF26dKFbt26MHTuWsrIyXea8VboqSnq90WvChAkkJCRUOxYe\nHo6/vz/p6en4+fkRHh6uUbq/2Nvb8+GHH/Ljjz+yd+9ePv74Y44fP667rA4ODmzfvp3Dhw9z5MgR\ntm/fzvfff6+7nJctXrwYDw8PYyeTHnPa2NiQnJzMoUOHSE1NBfSZMzQ0lCeeeILjx49z5MgROnXq\npKucHTt25NChQxw6dIiDBw9yxx13MHz4cF1lBMjKyuLzzz8nLS2No0ePYjAYiImJ0V3OOtG2z6K6\n3bt3V+sUCQsLU8LCwjRM9JfMzEyla9euxs87duyo5OfnK4qiKKdPn1Y6duyoVbTrGjp0qLJ161Zd\nZ7148aLSu3dv5X//+58uc2ZnZyt+fn7Kd999pwwePFhRFH3+t3d1dVUKCwurHdNbzqKiIqVdu3bX\nHNdbzsu2bNmi/OMf/1AURX8Zf//9d8Xd3V05e/asUlFRoQwePFhJTEzUXc660NVMyZxu9CooKMDR\n0REAR0dHCgoKNE5UXVZWFocOHaJPnz66zFpVVUWPHj1wdHQ0nnLUY87p06ezcOFCGjX661dFjzlt\nbGwYMGAAvXv35vPPPwf0lzMzM5PWrVszYcIEevbsyQsvvMDFixd1l/OymJgYxowZA+jvZ9miRQtm\nzJjBAw88wH333cc999yDv7+/7nLWha6Kklne6IWaW0/Zi4uLGTFiBIsXL+auu+6q9phesjZq1IjD\nhw+Tk5NDSkoK27dvr/a4HnJu3LiRNm3a4OXldd3dPPWQE2DXrl0cOnSIzZs38/HHH7Nz585qj+sh\nZ2VlJWlpaUyZMoW0tDTuvPPOa04v6SEnQHl5ORs2bOCpp5665jE9ZMzIyGDRokVkZWWRl5dHcXEx\nq1atqvYcPeSsC10VJWdnZ7Kzs42fZ2dn4+LiomGi63N0dCQ/Px+A06dP06ZNG40TqSoqKhgxYgTj\nxo1j2LBhgH6zAjRv3pxBgwZx8OBB3eXcvXs3cXFxtGvXjjFjxvDdd98xbtw43eUEaNu2LQCtW7dm\n+PDhpKam6i6ni4sLLi4uPPTQQwCMHDmStLQ0nJycdJUTYPPmzfTq1YvWrVsD+vsdOnDgAP369aNl\ny5bY2dnx5JNPsmfPHl3+LG+VropS7969OXnyJFlZWZSXl7N27VqCgoK0jlWjoKAgoqKiAIiKijIW\nAC0pisKkSZPw8PDg5ZdfNh7XW9bCwkJjV9ClS5fYunUrXl5euss5f/58srOzyczMJCYmhscee4yV\nK1fqLmdJSQkXLlwA4OLFiyQmJtKtWzfd5XRycuL+++8nPT0dgKSkJLp06cKQIUN0lRMgOjraeOoO\n9Pc71KlTJ/bu3culS5dQFIWkpCQ8PDx0+bO8ZRpf07rGpk2bFHd3d8XNzU2ZP3++1nEURVGU0aNH\nK23btlXs7e0VFxcXZfny5crvv/+u+Pn5KR06dFD8/f2VP/74Q+uYys6dOxUbGxvF09NT6dGjh9Kj\nRw9l8+bNust65MgRxcvLS/H09FS6deum/Otf/1IURdFdzislJycrQ4YMURRFfzl/+eUXxdPTU/H0\n9FS6dOli/L3RW05FUZTDhw8rvXv3Vrp3764MHz5cKSoq0l3O4uJipWXLlsr58+eNx/SWUVEUZcGC\nBYqHh4fStWtXZfz48Up5ebkuc94quXlWCCGEbujq9J0QQgjrJkVJCCGEbkhREkIIoRtSlIQQQuiG\nFCUhhBC6IUVJCCGEbkhREgJo1qzZTZ9TVlZG//79qy05tGjRIpo2bcr58+eNx44cOcKkSZMaJKcQ\nlk6KkhDUbt3F1atXM3jw4GrPjY6Oxt/fn2+++cZ4rHv37mRkZHDmzJkGySqEJZOiJMQViouLGTBg\nAL169aJ79+7ExcUZH4uOjmbo0KHGzzMyMqioqGDWrFlER0dX+zqPP/44X375pclyC2EppCgJcYWm\nTZvy7bffcvDgQb777jtmzJgBqBtQ/u9//8Pd3d343JiYGEaNGkXfvn35+eefq82MvL29SUlJMXl+\nIcydFCUhrlBVVcUbb7yBp6cn/v7+5OXlcebMGQoLC6/ZBiQmJsa4tcGwYcOqzYzatm1LVlaWKaML\nYRHstA4ghJ6sXr2awsJC0tLSsLW1pV27dpSWltKkSZNqDQ5Hjx7l5MmTDBgwAFD332nXrh1Tp04F\n1BXbzXEvGyG0JjMlIa5w/vx52rRpg62tLdu3b+fXX38FoFWrVhQXFxufFx0dzdy5c8nMzCQzM5Pc\n3Fzy8vI4deoUoO5l8+CDD2ryPQhhzqQoCcFf3XfPPPMMBw4coHv37qxcuZLOnTsDYGtrS9euXTlx\n4gQAa9euZfjw4dW+xvDhw1m7di0Aqamp+Pj4mPA7EMIyyNYVQtTSf/7zHwoKCnj99ddv+lxfX1/W\nrVtnljt/CqElmSkJUUtjx44lPj6em/0dd+TIEdq3by8FSYg6kJmSEEII3ZCZkhBCCN2QoiSEEEI3\npCgJIYTQDSlKQgghdEOKkhBCCN2QoiSEEEI3/j8rGyt1dMQR7AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
"text": [
"<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x59d6e10>"
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Resistance for dynamic braking : 9.17 ohm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 9
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.10 ,Page no:86"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
" \n",
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=240.0 #[DC voltage] V\n",
"Ra=0.4 #[Resistnce] ohm\n",
"N1=600.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"Ifl=25.0 #[Full load current] A\n",
"Radd=1.0 #[Added resistance] ohm\n",
"#If1=If2\n",
"#T1=T2 leads to If1*Ia1=If2*Ia2: Ia1=Ia2\n",
"Ia1=25.0 #A\n",
"Ia2=25.0 #A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb1=V-Ia1*Ra #V\n",
"Eb2=V-Ia2*(Ra+Radd) #V\n",
"N2=N1*Eb2/Eb1 #rpm\n",
"#T3=2*T1\n",
"#If3=If1\n",
"Ia3=2*Ia1 #A\n",
"Eb3=V-Ia3*(Ra+Radd) #V\n",
"N3=N1*Eb3/Eb1 #rpm\n",
"Eb4=0.0 #V(at speed zero Eb=0)\n",
"Ia4=V/(Ra+Radd) #V\n",
"T4ByT1=Ia4/Ia1 #(field constant)\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"(a). Speed at full load torque in rpm : \",round(N2,2),\"rpm\"\n",
"print\"(b) Speed at twice the full load torque : \",round(N3,2),\"rpm\"\n",
"print\"(c) Stalling torque is \",round(T4ByT1,3),\" times of full load torque.\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"(a). Speed at full load torque in rpm : 534.78 rpm\n",
"(b) Speed at twice the full load torque : 443.48 rpm\n",
"(c) Stalling torque is 6.857 times of full load torque.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 10
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.11 ,Page no:87"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=250.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"Ra=1.0 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Ia1=25.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"N1=900.0 #Speed rpm\n",
"If=2.0 #[Filed current ] A\n",
"N2=1100.0 #[Increased speed [rpm]\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb1=V-Ia1*Ra #V\n",
"#If1*Ia1=If2*Ia2\n",
"#Eb2=V-Ia2*Ra #V\n",
"#-Ia2**2*Ra+Ia2*V-Eb1*Ia1*N2/N1=0 \n",
"polynomial=[-Ra,V,-Eb1*Ia1*N2/N1] \n",
"Ia2=roots(polynomial) #A\n",
"Ia2=Ia2[1] #A(wide range not allowed)\n",
"If2=Ia1/Ia2*If #A\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"New value of field current: \",round(If2,2),\"A\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"New value of field current: 1.59 A\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 11
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.12 ,Page no:110"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=230.0 #[Votage] V\n",
"f=50.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"Rf=200.0 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Ra=0.3 #[Resiatnce] ohm\n",
"T=50.0 #[Load torque] N-m\n",
"N=900.0 #[Speed at load torque] rpm\n",
"Kv=0.8 #[Voltage constant] V/A-rad/s\n",
"Kt=0.8 #[Voltage constant] N-m/A**2\n",
"\n",
"from scipy import integrate \n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vm=V*math.sqrt(2) #V\n",
"Vf=2*Vm/math.pi #V\n",
"If=Vf/Rf #A\n",
"#T=Kt*If*Ia\n",
"Ia=T/Kt/If #A\n",
"omega=N*2*math.pi/60.0 #rad/s\n",
"Eb=Kv*omega*If #V\n",
"Va=Eb+Ia*Ra #V\n",
"#Va=Vm/math.pi*(1+cosd(alfa_a))\n",
"alfa_a=math.acos(Va/Vm*math.pi-1.0) #degree\n",
"Pout=Ia*Va #W\n",
"\n",
"def f(t):\n",
" return(1)\n",
"I=integrate.quad(f,math.degrees(alfa_a),math.degrees(math.pi))\n",
"\n",
"Iin=math.sqrt(2/(2.0*180.0)*(Ia**2)*I[0]) \n",
"VAin=V*Iin #VA\n",
"pf_in=Pout/VAin #lagging\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"(a) Field current:\",If,\"A\"\n",
"print\"(b) Fringe angle of converter in degree : \",round(math.degrees(alfa_a),3),\"degree\"\n",
"print\"(c) Power factor of convertyer(lagging) : \",round(pf_in,3)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"(a) Field current: 1.03536376358 A\n",
"(b) Fringe angle of converter in degree : 94.078 degree\n",
"(c) Power factor of convertyer(lagging) : 0.605\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 12
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.13 ,Page no:111"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"f=50.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"Rf=200.0 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Ra=0.25#[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"Kv=1.1 #[Torque constant] V/A-rad/s\n",
"Kt=1.1 #[Voltage constant] N-m/A**2\n",
"alfa_a=45.0 #[Firing angle] degree\n",
"Ia=50.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"alfa_f=0.0 \n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vf=2*V*math.sqrt(2.0)/math.pi*math.cos(alfa_f) #V\n",
"#Va=(2*230.0*math.sqrt(2.0)/math.pi)*math.cos(alfa_a) #V\n",
"Va=(2.0*V/math.pi)\n",
"If=Vf/Rf #A\n",
"T=Kt*Ia*If #N-m\n",
"Eb=Va-Ia*Ra-2.0 #V\n",
"omega=Eb/Kv/If #rad/s\n",
"N=omega*60.0/(2.0*math.pi) #rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Torque developed : \",round(T,3),\"N-m\"\n",
"print\"Motor speed in rpm : \",round(N,1),\"rpm \"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Torque developed : 56.945 N-m\n",
"Motor speed in rpm : 1106.1 rpm \n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 13
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.14 ,Page no:111"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"\n",
"V=400 #[Voltage] V\n",
"Ra=0.3#Resiatnce armature inohm\n",
"Rf=250 #Filed resisatnce in ohm\n",
"Ia=50 #Armature current in A\n",
"Kv=1.3 #Voltage constantV/A-rad/s\n",
"N=1200 #Speed in rpm\n",
"alfa_f=0 \n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vf=3*math.sqrt(3)*V*math.sqrt(2)/math.sqrt(3)/math.pi*math.cos(alfa_f) #V\n",
"If=Vf/Rf #A\n",
"Eb=Kv*If*2*math.pi*N/60 #V\n",
"Va=Eb+Ia*Ra #V\n",
"alfa_a=math.acos(Va/3/math.sqrt(3)/V/math.sqrt(2)*math.sqrt(3)*math.pi) #degree\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Fringe angle of converter in degree : \",round(math.degrees(alfa_a),2),\"degree\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Fringe angle of converter in degree : 47.06 degree\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 14
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.15 ,Page no:112"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=500.0 #V [Voltage]\n",
"Ia=200.0 # [Armature Current] A\n",
"Ra=0.1#ohm[Armature resistance]\n",
"Kv=1.4 #[Voltage constant] V/A-rad/s\n",
"Kt=1.4 #[torque constant] N-m/A**2\n",
"If=2.0 #[Field current] A\n",
"cycle=0.5 #[Duty cycle of chopper] sec\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Pin=cycle*V*Ia/1000.0 #KW\n",
"Va=cycle*V #V\n",
"Eb=Va-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"omega=Eb/Kv/2.0 #rad/s\n",
"N=omega*60.0/2.0/math.pi #rpm\n",
"T=Kt*2.0*Ia #N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"(a) Input power in KW : \",Pin,\"kW\"\n",
"print\"(b) Speed in rpm : \",round(N,1),\"rpm\"\n",
"print\"(c) Torque in N-m : \",T,\"N-m\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"(a) Input power in KW : 50.0 kW\n",
"(b) Speed in rpm : 784.4 rpm\n",
"(c) Torque in N-m : 560.0 N-m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 15
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.16 ,Page no:112"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"Ra=0.1#[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Rb=7.5#[Braking resistance] ohm\n",
"Kv=1.4 #[Volate constant] V/A-rad/s\n",
"Ia=120.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"If=1.6 #[Filed current] A\n",
"cycle=0.35 #[Duty cycle of chopper] sec\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vavg=Rb*Ia*(1.0-cycle) #V\n",
"Pb=Ia**2*Rb*(1.0-cycle)**2 #W\n",
"emf=Vavg+Ra*Ia #V\n",
"omega=emf/Kv/If #rad/s\n",
"N=omega*60.0/2.0/math.pi #rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Average voltage across chopper : \",Vavg,\"V\"\n",
"print\"Power dissipated: \",Pb,\"W\"\n",
"print\"Speed : \",round(N),\"rpm\" \n",
"print \"NOTE:Answer of Pb & speed is wrong in the book.\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Average voltage across chopper : 585.0 V\n",
"Power dissipated: 45630.0 W\n",
"Speed : 2545.0 rpm\n",
"NOTE:Answer of Pb & speed is wrong in the book.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 16
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.17 ,Page no:113"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"%matplotlib inline\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=220.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"f=50.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"L=0.012 #[Inductance] H\n",
"Ra=0.72 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"K=2.0 #[Armature constant] V/rad/s\n",
"T=60.0 #[Torque characterisitc] N-m\n",
"alfa=90.0 #degree\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Va=(3.0*math.sqrt(3.0)*V*math.sqrt(2.0)/(2.0*math.pi))*(1.0) #V\n",
"Ia=5.0 #A\n",
"print\"Armature Current : \",Ia,\"A\"\n",
"T1=Ia*K #N-m\n",
"print\"Torque : \",T1,\"N-m\"\n",
"Eb=Va-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"omega=Eb/K #rad/s\n",
"N1=omega*60.0/2.0/math.pi #rpm\n",
"print\"Speed :\",N1,\"rpm\"\n",
"\n",
"Ia=10.0 #A\n",
"print\"Armature Current : \",Ia,\"A\"\n",
"T2=Ia*K #N-m\n",
"print\"Torque : \",T2,\"N-m\"\n",
"Eb=Va-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"omega=Eb/K #rad/s\n",
"N2=omega*60.0/(2.0*math.pi) #rpm\n",
"print\"Speed : \",N2,\"rpm\" \n",
"Ia=20.0 #A\n",
"print\"Armature Current: \",Ia,\"A\"\n",
"T3=Ia*K #N-m\n",
"print\"Torque in N-m : \",T3,\"N-m\"\n",
"Eb=Va-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"omega=Eb/K #rad/s\n",
"N3=omega*60.0/2.0/math.pi #rpm\n",
"print\"Speed in rpm : \",N3,\"rpm\"\n",
"Ia=30.0 #A\n",
"print\"Armature Current : \",Ia,\"A\"\n",
"T4=Ia*K #N-m\n",
"print\"Torque: \",T4,\"N-m\"\n",
"Eb=Va-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"omega=Eb/K #rad/s\n",
"N4=omega*60.0/2.0/math.pi #rpm\n",
"print\"Speed : \",T4,\"rpm\"\n",
"plot([T1,T2,T3,T4],[N1,N2,N3,N4]) \n",
"title('Speed Torque Characteristics') \n",
"xlabel('Torque(N-m)') \n",
"ylabel('speed(RPM)') \n",
"plt.ylim(0.0,1500.0)\n",
"plt.xlim(0.0,60.0)\n",
"plt.show()"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n",
"Armature Current : 5.0 A\n",
"Torque : 10.0 N-m\n",
"Speed : 1211.32800644 rpm\n",
"Armature Current : 10.0 A\n",
"Torque : 20.0 N-m\n",
"Speed : 1194.13927258 rpm\n",
"Armature Current: 20.0 A\n",
"Torque in N-m : 40.0 N-m\n",
"Speed in rpm : 1159.76180487 rpm\n",
"Armature Current : 30.0 A\n",
"Torque: 60.0 N-m\n",
"Speed : 60.0 rpm\n"
]
},
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stderr",
"text": [
"WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['f']\n",
"`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n"
]
},
{
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data",
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TIYRAbGwsZsyYYa6SiYjoHm0WGsHBwRg7diwuXryIfv36YceOHQbL737etFarRVBQELRa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\nEQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
"text": [
"<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x82b99e8>"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 17
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.18 ,Page no:114"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=400.0 #[Thyrisotr bridge voltage] V\n",
"f=50.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"I=50.0 #[Rated current] A\n",
"Ra=0.1 #[Resustnce] ohm\n",
"K=0.3 #[Voltage constant] V/rpm\n",
"Ia=5.0 #[Currentarmature] A\n",
"alfa=30.0 #[Firing angle] degree\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vavg=(3.0*math.sqrt(3)*V*math.sqrt(2)/(math.sqrt(3)*2.0*math.pi))*(1+math.cos(math.radians(alfa))) #V\n",
"Eb=Vavg-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"N=Eb/K #rpm\n",
"Speed=1600.0 #rpm\n",
"Eb=Speed*K #V\n",
"Vin=Eb+I*Ra #V\n",
"alfa=math.acos(Vin/3/math.sqrt(3)/V/math.sqrt(2)*math.sqrt(3)*2*math.pi-1.0) #degree\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"No load speed : \",round(N),\"rpm\"\n",
"print\"Fringe angle : \",round(math.degrees(alfa),2),\"degree\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"No load speed : 1678.0 rpm\n",
"Fringe angle : 37.28 degree\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 18
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.19 ,Page no:114"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"f=50.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"Rf=200.0 #[Feild resistance] ohm\n",
"Ra=0.25#[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"Kv=1.1 #[Volatge constant] V/A-rad/s\n",
"Kt=1.1 #[Torque constant] N-m/A**2\n",
"alfa_a=45.0 #[Firng angle] degree\n",
"Ia=50.0 #[armature current] A\n",
"alfa_f=0.0 #Final angle\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vf=2.0*V*math.sqrt(2.0)/math.pi*math.cos(math.radians(alfa_f)) #V\n",
"Va=2.0*V*math.sqrt(2.0)/math.pi*math.cos(math.radians(alfa_a)) #V\n",
"If=Vf/Rf #A\n",
"T=Kt*Ia*If #N-m\n",
"Eb=Va-Ia*Ra-2.0 #V\n",
"omega=Eb/Kv/If #rad/s\n",
"Eg=-Eb #V\n",
"Va=Eg+Ia*Ra+2 #V\n",
"alfa=math.acos(Va/2.0/V/math.sqrt(2.0)*math.pi) #degree\n",
"\n",
"P=abs(Va)*Ia #W(power fed back to source)\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Fringe angle to converter : \",round(math.degrees(alfa),2),\"degree\"\n",
"print\"Power fed back to source : \",round(P),\"W (approx)\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Fringe angle to converter : 124.55 degree\n",
"Power fed back to source : 5871.0 W (approx)\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 19
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.20 ,Page no:115"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=240.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"alfa=100.0 #degree [Firing angle] \n",
"Ra=6.0# [Armature resistanec] ohm\n",
"Ia=1.8 #[Armature current] A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vm=V*math.sqrt(2.0) #V\n",
"Vdc=Vm/math.pi*(1.0+math.cos(math.radians(alfa))) #Volt\n",
"Eb=Vdc-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Back emf : \",round(Eb,2),\"V\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Back emf : 78.48 V\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 20
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.21 ,Page no:115"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V1=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N1=1500.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=1.0 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"Ia=10.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"T=5.0 #[Troque] N-m\n",
"#V=K*omega+Ia*Ra\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"K=V1/(N1*2*math.pi/60.0+Ia*Ra) #V-s/rad or N-m/A\n",
"K=round(K,1)\n",
"Ia=T/K #A\n",
"Ia=round(Ia,2)\n",
"alfa1=30.0 #degree\n",
"V=(2*V1*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*math.cos(math.radians(alfa1)) #Volt\n",
"V=round(V,1)\n",
"omega=(V-Ia*Ra)/K #rad/s\n",
"\n",
"N=(omega*60.0)/(2.0*math.pi) #rpm\n",
"print\"Parrt(a) Speed:\",N,\"rpm\"\n",
"alfa=45.0 #degree\n",
"N=950.0 #rpm\n",
"V=(2*V1*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*math.cos(math.radians(alfa)) #Volt\n",
"V=round(V,2)\n",
"Ia=(V-K*2*math.pi/60.0*N)/Ra #A\n",
"Ia=round(Ia,2)\n",
"T=K*Ia #N-m\n",
"print\"Part(b) Torque : \",T,\"N-m\"\n",
"print\"\\nNOTE:Answer for (b) is wrong in the book.\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Parrt(a) Speed: 1198.64134927 rpm\n",
"Part(b) Torque : 9.996 N-m\n",
"\n",
"NOTE:Answer for (b) is wrong in the book.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 21
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.22 ,Page no:116"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"\n",
"V1=500.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N1=1500.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ia=100.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"V2=350.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"Ra=1.1 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"alfa=45.0 #[Firing angle] degree\n",
"N2=1200.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"#V=K*omega+Ia*Ra\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"K=(V1-Ia*Ra)/(N1*2*math.pi/60.0) #V-s/rad or N-m/A\n",
"V=3*math.sqrt(3)*V2*math.sqrt(2.0)/2.0/math.pi/math.sqrt(3.0)*(1+math.cos(math.radians(alfa))) #Volt\n",
"Ia=(V-K*N2*2*math.pi/60.0)/Ra #A\n",
"Vin_rms=Ia*math.sqrt(120.0/180.0) #V\n",
"Iavg=Ia/3.0 #A\n",
"Irms=Ia/math.sqrt(3) #A\n",
"pf_in=V*Ia/math.sqrt(3)/V2/Vin_rms #lagging\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"RMS source current : \",round(Ia,2),\"A\"\n",
"print\"RMS input voltage:\",round(Vin_rms,1),\"A\"\n",
"print\"Average thyristor current : \",round(Iavg,2),\"A\"\n",
"print\"RMS thyristor current : \",round(Irms,2),\"A\" \n",
"print\"Input power factor = \",round(pf_in,3),\"lagging\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"RMS source current : 83.13 A\n",
"RMS input voltage: 67.9 A\n",
"Average thyristor current : 27.71 A\n",
"RMS thyristor current : 48.0 A\n",
"Input power factor = 0.815 lagging\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 22
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.23 ,Page no:117"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"T1=40.0 #[Torque] N-m\n",
"N1=500.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"J=0.01 #[Inertia of drive] N-m_sec**2/rad\n",
"T2=100.0 #[Troque] N-m\n",
"N2=1000.0 #[Speed]rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"#Te=J*d(omega)/dt+D*omega+TL\n",
"d_omegaBYdt=(T2-T1)/J #\n",
"#t=omega/d_omegaBYdt+A \n",
"omega1=N1*2*math.pi/60 #rad/s\n",
"t=0 #s(initial time)\n",
"A=t-omega1/d_omegaBYdt #\n",
"omega2=N2*2*math.pi/60 #rad/s\n",
"t=omega2/d_omegaBYdt+A #s\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Time taken by the motor in sec : \",round(t,6),\"seconds\" \n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Time taken by the motor in sec : 0.008727 seconds\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 23
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.24 ,Page no:118"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"from sympy import Symbol\n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"f=400.0 #[Feed frequency] Hz\n",
"V=200.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"T=30.0 #[Torque] N-m\n",
"N=1000.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"R=0.2 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"L=2.0 #[Motor resistance] mH\n",
"Kv=1.5 #[Voltage constant] V-sec/rad\n",
"Kt=1.5 #[Troque constant] N-m/A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Ia=T/Kt #A\n",
"omega=N*2*math.pi/60.0 #rad/s\n",
"Eb=Kv*omega #V\n",
"alfa=(Eb+Ia*R)/V \n",
"T=1.0/f*1000.0 #ms\n",
"Ton=alfa*T #ms\n",
"Toff=T-Ton #ms\n",
"Imax=V/R*((1-math.exp(-alfa*T*10**-3*R/(L*10**-3)))/(1-math.exp(-T*10**-3*R/(L*10**-3))))-Eb/R #A\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"(a) Maximum motor armature current : \",round(Imax,3),\"A\"\n",
"Imin=V/R*((math.exp(alfa*T*R/L)-1)/(math.exp(T*R/L)-1))-Eb/R #A\n",
"print\"(a) Minimum motor armature current : \",abs(round(Imin)),\"A\"\n",
"Iexc=Imax #A\n",
"print\"(b) Excursion of armature current : \",round(Iexc,3),\"A\"\n",
"import sympy\n",
"t_= Symbol('t`') \n",
"e=Symbol('e')\n",
"#yy=2*math.exp(-100*t_dash/2).expand()\n",
"L=L/1000\n",
"i=(round(Imax,1)*e**(-R*t_/L))\n",
"i2=round((Eb/R),1)*(1.0-e**(-R*t_/L))\n",
"print\"(c) Expression for armature current:\\n i=\", i,i2"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"(a) Maximum motor armature current : 39.078 A\n",
"(a) Minimum motor armature current : 0.0 A\n",
"(b) Excursion of armature current : 39.078 A\n",
"(c) Expression for armature current:\n",
" i= 39.1*e**(-100.0*t`) -785.4*e**(-100.0*t`) + 785.4\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 26
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.25 ,Page no:128"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"f=50.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"Rf=1.5 #[Frequency] ohm\n",
"Kt=0.25 #[Torque constant] N-m/A\n",
"T=25.0 #[Torque] N-m\n",
"Kv=0.25 #[Voltage constant] V-sec/rad\n",
"\n",
"from scipy.optimize import fsolve\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vdc=2*math.sqrt(2)*V/math.pi #V\n",
"Em=Vdc #V\n",
"Ia=math.sqrt(T/Kt) #A\n",
"def f(omega_m):\n",
" return(1.5*Ia+Kt*omega_m*Ia-Em)\n",
"omega_m=fsolve(f,1)\n",
"N=omega_m*60.0/2.0/math.pi #RPM\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Average motor current: \",Ia,\"A\"\n",
"print\"Motor speed : \",round(N[0],2),\"RPM\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Average motor current: 10.0 A\n",
"Motor speed : 733.66 RPM\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 27
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.26 ,Page no:128"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V1=675.0 #[Secondary voltage] V\n",
"alfa1=90.5 #[Firing angle] degree\n",
"N1=350.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"Ia1=30.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"N2=500.0 #[Second motor speed] rpm\n",
"Rf=0.22 #[Field resistance] ohm\n",
"Ra=0.22 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Ia2=Ia1*N2/N1 #A\n",
"Va1=V1*math.sqrt(2.0)/math.pi*(1.0+math.cos(math.radians(alfa1))) #V\n",
"Eb1=Va1-Ia1*(Ra+Rf) #V\n",
"#Eb1/Eb2=Ia1*N1/(Ia2*N2)\n",
"#Eb2=Va2-Ia2*(Ra+Rf)\n",
"Va2=Eb1*Ia2*N2/(Ia1*N1)+Ia2*(Ra+Rf) #V\n",
"alfa2=math.acos(Va2/V1/math.sqrt(2.0)*math.pi-1.0) #degree\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Armature current of converter in A : \",round(Ia2,2),\"A\"\n",
"print\"Fringe angle of converter in degree : \",round(math.degrees(alfa2),2),\"degree\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Armature current of converter in A : 42.86 A\n",
"Fringe angle of converter in degree : 4.86 degree\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 28
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.27 ,Page no:129"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V1=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"P=15.0 #[Power] hp\n",
"N=1500.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"V2=220.0 #[Voltage]] V\n",
"Ke=0.03 #[emf constant] V/A-s\n",
"Kt=0.03 #[torque constant] N-m/A**2\n",
"alfa=45.0 #[firing angle] degree\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vm=V1*math.sqrt(2) #V\n",
"omega=N*2*math.pi/60 #rad/s\n",
"T=4*Kt*Vm**2*math.cos(math.radians(alfa))**2/(math.pi**2*(Ke*omega)**2) #N-m\n",
"Ia=math.sqrt(T/Kt) #A\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"part (a) : \"\n",
"print\"Torque in N-m : \",round(T,2),\"N-m\"\n",
"print\"Armature current : \",round(Ia,2),\"A\"\n",
"print\"part (b) : \"\n",
"Ia=Vm*(1+math.cos(math.radians(alfa)))/(math.pi*(Ke*omega)) #A\n",
"T=Kt*Ia**2 #N-m\n",
"print\"Armature current : \",round(Ia,1),\"A\"\n",
"print\"Torque : \",round(T,4),\"N-m\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"part (a) : \n",
"Torque in N-m : 28.96 N-m\n",
"Armature current : 31.07 A\n",
"part (b) : \n",
"Armature current : 37.5 A\n",
"Torque : 42.2033 N-m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 29
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.28 ,Page no:130"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V1=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N=1000.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"P=15.0 #[Power rating] hp\n",
"Rt=0.2 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"Ke=0.03 #[emf rating] V/A-s\n",
"Kt=0.03 #[torque rating] N-m/A**2\n",
"alfa=30.0 #[Firng angle] degree\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vm=V1*math.sqrt(2) #V\n",
"omega=N*2*math.pi/60.0 #rad/s\n",
"V=Vm/math.pi*(1+math.cos(math.radians(alfa))) #V\n",
"#V=Ke*Ia*omega+Ia*Rt\n",
"Ia=V/(Ke*omega+Rt) #A\n",
"T=Kt*Ia**2 #N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Motor current : \",round(Ia,3),\"A\"\n",
"print\"Torque : \",round(T,2),\"N-m\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Motor current : 57.817 A\n",
"Torque : 100.28 N-m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 30
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.29 ,Page no:131"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=220.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"Vin=230.0 #[input volatge] V\n",
"N1=1500.0 #[Speed of motor] rpm\n",
"Ia1=10.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"Ra=3.0 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"N2=600.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"E1=V-Ia1*Ra #V\n",
"E2=E1*N2/N1 #V\n",
"Ia2=Ia1/2.0 #A(because of Tnew=T/2)\n",
"Vapp=E2+Ia2*Ra #V\n",
"alfa=math.acos(Vapp*math.pi/2/math.sqrt(2)/Vin) #degree\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Firing angle of converter : \",round(math.degrees(alfa),1),\"degree\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Firing angle of converter : 63.9 degree\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 31
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.30 ,Page no:131"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
" \n",
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=230.0 #[Volatge] V\n",
"N=870.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"Ia=100.0 #[Armaturecurrent] A\n",
"Ra=0.05 #[Armature resisatce]ohm\n",
"T=400.0 #[Torque] N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"E=V-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"Vgen=V+Ia*Ra #V\n",
"N2=N*Vgen/E #rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Motor speed in rpm : \",round(N2,2),\"rpm\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Motor speed in rpm : 908.67 rpm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 32
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.31 ,Page no:132"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=220.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"P=2.2 #[Power of motor] KW\n",
"N1=1000.0 #[Motor speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=2.0 #[Resistance] ohm\n",
"f=250.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"alfa=0.9 #[duty cycle] cycle\n",
"N2=1200.0 #[Load torque]rpm\n",
"N3=800.0 #[Final speed] rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Ia1=P*1000.0/V #A\n",
"Ia2=Ia1*N2/N1 #A\n",
"Eb2=alfa*V-Ia2*Ra #V\n",
"Eb3=Eb2*N3/N2 #V\n",
"Ia3=Ia1*N3/N1 #A\n",
"alfa3=(Eb3+Ia3*Ra)/V #cycle\n",
"ton=alfa3/f #sec\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"On time of chopper %.1e\"%ton,\"sec\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"On time of chopper 2.4e-03 sec\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 33
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.32 ,Page no:139"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
" \n",
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=230.0 #[Voltage]V\n",
"N1=1000.0 #[Motor speed]rpm\n",
"Ia1=100.0 #[Armature current]A\n",
"Ra=0.1 #[Armature resistance]ohm\n",
"Rf=0.1 #[Field ressiatnce]ohm\n",
"N2=800.0 #[Final speed of motor]rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Ia2=math.sqrt(2)*Ia1 #A(As T2=2*T1 & T proportional to Ia**2)\n",
"Eb1=V-Ia1*(Ra+Rf) #V\n",
"Eb2=N2*Ia2/(N1*Ia1)*Eb1 #V\n",
"#Eb2=Ia2*(Ra+Rf+Rbraking)\n",
"Rbraking=Eb2/Ia2-Ra-Rf #ohm\n",
"Ibraking=Eb2/Rbraking #A\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print'Braking resistance : ' ,Rbraking,\"ohm\"\n",
"print'Braking current : ',round(Ibraking,1),\"A\"\n",
"print\"NOTE:Braking current is not calculated in the textbook but asked in the example.\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Braking resistance : 1.48 ohm\n",
"Braking current : 160.5 A\n",
"NOTE:Braking current is not calculated in the textbook but asked in the example.\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 34
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.33 ,Page no:139"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"P=6.0 #poles\n",
"V=220.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"f=50.0 #[Frequency] Hz\n",
"Ra=0.2 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"Rf=150.0 #[Field resistance] ohm\n",
"Z=150.0 #[no. of conductors]\n",
"fi=0.02027 #[Field flux per mole]Wb(flux)\n",
"alfa=0.0 #[Delay angle for field converter] degree\n",
"alfa_a=45.0 #[Delay angle for armature converters] degree\n",
"Ia=25.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"A=2.0 # [Area]\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"T=Z*P*fi*Ia/(2*math.pi*A) #N-m\n",
"Vm=V*math.sqrt(2) #V\n",
"Vdc=2*Vm/math.pi*math.cos(math.radians(alfa_a)) #V\n",
"Eb=Vdc-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"N=Eb*60*A/(Z*P*fi) #rpm\n",
"Pout=Vdc*Ia #W\n",
"pf=Pout/V/Ia #lagging\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Totque : \",round(T,3),\"N-m\"\n",
"print\"Speed : \",round(N,2),\"rpm\"\n",
"print'Power factor : ',round(pf,4),\"Lagging\"\n",
"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Totque : 36.293 N-m\n",
"Speed : 888.38 rpm\n",
"Power factor : 0.6366 Lagging\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 35
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.34 ,Page no:140"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"#Variable declaration\n",
"R=0.1 #Armature resistance in [ohm]\n",
"V1=220.0 #Voltage in [V]\n",
"N1=1000.0 #speed in [rpm]\n",
"I=100.0 #Current in [A]\n",
"V2=200.0 #Dropped voltage in [V]\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb2=V2-I*R\n",
"Eb1=V1-I*R \n",
"N2=Eb2*N1/Eb1 #Motor speed after drop\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Motor speed after voltage drop is\",round(N2,2),\"rpm\""
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Motor speed after voltage drop is 904.76 rpm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 36
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.35 ,Page no:140"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"\n",
"V1=200.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N1=940.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=0.02 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"Ia=100.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"N2=500.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb1=V1-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"#Eb1/Eb2=N1/N2\n",
"#Eb2=V2-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"V2=Eb1*N2/N1+Ia*Ra #V\n",
"cycle=V2/V1 \n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Duty cycle : \",round(cycle,4)\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Duty cycle : 0.5366\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 37
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.36 ,Page no:141"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V1=220.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"Ra=0.05 #[Armature resistance]ohm\n",
"N1=1000.0 #[Speed]rpm\n",
"Ia=100.0 #[Armature current]A\n",
"N2=500.0 #[Speed]rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb=V1-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"Ib=2*Ia #A\n",
"Rb=(V1+Eb)/Ib-Ra #ohm\n",
"Tb=Eb/(N1*2*math.pi/60.0)*Ib #N-m\n",
"Eb2=Eb*N2/N1 #V\n",
"Ib2=(V1+Eb2)/(Ra+Rb) #A\n",
"Tb2=Eb2/(N2*2*math.pi/60.0)*Ib2 #N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Resistance to be added:\",Rb,\"ohm\"\n",
"print\"Initial braking torque : \",round(Tb,2),\"N-m\"\n",
"print\"Initial braking torque: \",round(Tb2,1),\"N-m\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Resistance to be added: 2.125 ohm\n",
"Initial braking torque : 410.62 N-m\n",
"Initial braking torque: 309.1 N-m\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 38
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.37 ,Page no:142"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V1=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N1=870.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ia=100.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"Ra=0.05 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"T=400.0 #[Torqu] N-m\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb=V1-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"Vgen=V1+Ia*Ra #V\n",
"N2=N1*Vgen/Eb #rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Speed : \",round(N2,2),\"rpm\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Speed : 908.67 rpm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 39
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.38 ,Page no:142"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"P=10.0 #[Power] KW\n",
"V1=230.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N1=1200.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=0.5 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"Ke=0.182 #[emf constant] V/rpm\n",
"V2=260.0 #[Voltage]V\n",
"alfa=30.0 #[Firing angle] degree\n",
"Ia=30.0 #[Armature current] A\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Vm=V2*math.sqrt(2) #V\n",
"Vdc=2*Vm/math.pi*math.cos(math.radians(alfa)) #V\n",
"Eb=Vdc-Ia*Ra #V\n",
"Kt=Ke*60/2/math.pi #N-m/A\n",
"T=Kt*Ia #N-m\n",
"N2=Eb/Ke #rpm\n",
"Pout=Vdc*Ia #W\n",
"pf=Pout/V2/Ia #lagging power factor\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Torque in N-m : \",round(T,2),\"N-m\"\n",
"print\"Speed in rpm : \",round(N2,2),\"rpm\"\n",
"print\"Power factor : \",round(pf,3),\"lagging\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Torque in N-m : 52.14 N-m\n",
"Speed in rpm : 1031.43 rpm\n",
"Power factor : 0.78 lagging\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 40
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.39 ,Page no:143"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration \n",
"P=2.2 #[Power] KW\n",
"V=220 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N1=1000 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"Ra=2 #[Resistance armature] ohm\n",
"f=250 #[frequency] Hz\n",
"alfa=0.9 #duty cycle\n",
"N2=1200 #[Speed]rpm\n",
"N3=800 #[Motor sped] rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Ia1=P*1000/V #A\n",
"Ia2=Ia1*N2/N1 #A\n",
"Eb1=alfa*V-Ia2*Ra #V\n",
"Eb2=Eb1*N3/N2 #V\n",
"Ia3=Ia1*N3/N1 #A\n",
"alfa3=(Eb2+Ia3*Ra)/V #cycle\n",
"ton=alfa3/f #sec\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print'On time of chopper : ',ton*1000,\"milli seconds\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"On time of chopper : 2.4 milli seconds\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 41
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.40,Page no:143"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V=220.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"Eff1=85/100.0 #Efficiency\n",
"Eff2=80/100.0 #Efficiency\n",
"Load=400.0 #[Load in Kg\n",
"t=2.5 #[time] ms\n",
"Ra=0.1 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"g=9.81 #constant for gravity acceleration\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Pout=Load*g*t #W\n",
"IL=Pout/V/Eff1/Eff2 #A\n",
"Eb=V-IL*Ra #V\n",
"R=(V+Eb)/IL-Ra #ohm\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Current drawn : \",round(IL,3),\"A\"\n",
"print\"Resistance to be added : \",round(R,2),\"ohm\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Current drawn : 65.575 A\n",
"Resistance to be added : 6.51 ohm\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 42
},
{
"cell_type": "heading",
"level": 2,
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Example:5.41 ,Page no:144"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
"import math \n",
"#Variable declaration\n",
"V1=220.0 #[Voltage] V\n",
"N1=1500.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"I=10.0 #[Current] A\n",
"Ra=3.0 #[Armature resistance] ohm\n",
"V2=230.0 #[Voltage]V\n",
"N2=600.0 #[Speed] rpm\n",
"\n",
"#Calculation\n",
"Eb1=V1-I*Ra #V\n",
"Eb2=Eb1*N2/N1 #V\n",
"Ia=I/2 #A(at half rated torque)\n",
"Vm=V1*math.sqrt(2) #V\n",
"alfa=math.acos((Eb2+Ia*Ra)*math.pi/2/Vm) #degree\n",
"\n",
"#Result\n",
"print\"Firing angle : \",round(math.degrees(alfa),2),\"degree\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"output_type": "stream",
"stream": "stdout",
"text": [
"Firing angle : 62.65 degree\n"
]
}
],
"prompt_number": 43
}
],
"metadata": {}
}
]
}