{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:48ea781a71227cd2ed588b90ba4f6ceb57773ac789c06adb226b03cd21058126" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "CHAPTER 1: HEATING AND EXPANSION OF GASES ENTROPY" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.1 Page 1" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan\n", "p1=280#lb/in^2\n", "v=2#ft^3\n", "p2=20#lb/in^2\n", "v2=18.03#ft^3\n", "\n", "#calculation\n", "W=144*(p1*v-p2*v2)/(1.2-1)#ft/lb\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print\"The volume and work done during the expansion is\",round(W,2),\"ft/lb\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The volume and work done during the expansion is 143568.0 ft/lb\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.2 Page 2" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan\n", "v=2#ft^3\n", "v2=20#ft^3\n", "p=100000#ft lb\n", "v2=10.41#lb/in^2\n", "v3=10#lb/in^2\n", "p1=1.3#lb\n", "p2=(v2*199.5)/9.95#lb/in^2\n", "\n", "#calculation\n", "P=(p2/v3-v2)#lb/in^2\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print\"The initial andfinal pressure is\",round(P,4),\"lb/in^2\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The initial andfinal pressure is 10.4623 lb/in^2\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.4 Page 3" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan\n", "Cp=0.24#lb/in^2\n", "Cv=0.18#ft^3\n", "p1=5#lb/in^2\n", "T1=20#Degree C\n", "T2=150#Degree C\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "W=p1*Cp*(T2-T1)#C.H.U\n", "H=p1*Cv*(T2-T1)#C.H.U\n", "Gamma=Cp/Cv#lb/in^2\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"the constant pressure is\",round(W,2),\"C.H.U\"\n", "print\"the constant volume the value of gas is\",round(Gamma,2),\"lb/in^2\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "the constant pressure is 156.0 C.H.U\n", "the constant volume the value of gas is 1.33 lb/in^2\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.5 Page 4" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan\n", "Gama=1.33#ft/lb\n", "p=100#lb/in^2\n", "p1=20#lb/in^2\n", "v2=10.05#ft^3\n", "v=3#ft/lb\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "W=144*(p*v-p1*v2)/0.33#ft lb\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"The work done is\",round(W,2),\"lb\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The work done is 43200.0 lb\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.8 Page 5" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan\n", "p=3.74#ft/lb\n", "p1=2.48#ft/lb\n", "v=5.70#ft lb\n", "Cv=0.21#ft/lb\n", "P=440.00#lb/in^2\n", "P1=160.00#lb/in^2\n", "P2=14.00#lb/in^2\n", "T=25.00#degree C\n", "T1=100.00#F\n", "vs=(pi*(p1)**2/4)*(p/1728.00)#ft^3\n", "vc=5.70#ft^3\n", "v1=4.70#ft^3\n", "v2=vs/v1#ft^3\n", "v3=0.01273#ft^3\n", "T2=298.00#F\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "W=(P2*144.00*v3)/(T2*T1)#lb\n", "T3=((P1*144.0*1.0)/(P2*144.0*7.0)*T2)#Degree C\n", "T4=(P*T3)/P1#Degree C\n", "H=W*Cv*(T4-T3)#C.H.U\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"The heat supplied during explosion is\",round(H,5),\"C.H.U\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The heat supplied during explosion is 0.15398 C.H.U\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 39 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.9 Page 6" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan,log\n", "v=10.0#ft^3\n", "p=100.0#lb/in^2\n", "p1=18.0#lb/in^2\n", "v1=50.0#ft^3\n", "n=log(p/p1)/log(5)\n", "gama=1.40#air\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "W=(144.0*(p*v-p1*v1))/(n-1)#ft lb\n", "H=(gama-n)/(gama-1)*W#ft lb\n", "E=W-H#ft lb\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"The heat supplied and the change of internal energy\",round(E,2),\"ft lb\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The heat supplied and the change of internal energy 36000.0 ft lb\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 37 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.11 Page 7" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan,log\n", "v=2.0#ft^3\n", "p=1100.0#lb/in^2\n", "t1=44.0#Degree C\n", "t2=15.0#Degree C\n", "p1=300.0#lb/in^2\n", "t3=3.0#Degree c\n", "Cv=0.17#ft/lb\n", "T=273.0#F\n", "R=96.0#ft lb\n", "p3=300.0#lb/in^2\n", "n=1.12#lb\n", "gama=1.404#lb\n", "W=((144*p*v)/(T+t1))/R#lb\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "Wc=W*Cv*(t1-t2)#C.H.U\n", "p2=p*(T+t2)/(T+t1)#lb /in^2\n", "A=(144*p3*v)/(R*276)#lb\n", "W1=(A/W)*v#ft^3\n", "H=((gama-n)/(gama-1))*(144*(p*0.65-p1*v)/(n-1))#ft lb\n", "H1=H/1400#C.H.U\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"the heat was lost by all the air in the vessel before leakage began\",round(Wc,4),\"C.H.U\"\n", "print\"the heat was lost or gainned leakage by the air\",round(H1,4),\"C.H.U\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "the heat was lost by all the air in the vessel before leakage began 51.3218 C.H.U\n", "the heat was lost or gainned leakage by the air 69.2928 C.H.U\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 42 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.13 Page 9" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan,log\n", "h=0.218#ft^3\n", "h1=0.156#ft^3\n", "n=0.249#lb\n", "h2=0.178#lb\n", "c=0.208#lb\n", "c1=0.162#lb\n", "w1=1.0#ft^3\n", "p=150.0#lb/in^2\n", "T=100.0#Degree C\n", "T1=373.0#F\n", "Cp=(h*0.2312)+(n*0.3237)+(c*0.4451)#C.H.U/lb\n", "Cv=(h1*0.2312)+(h2*0.3237)+(c1*0.4451)#C.H.U//lb\n", "R=1400*(Cp-Cv)#ft lb units\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "W=(144*p*w1)/(R*T1)#lb\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"The characteristic constant of the gas is\",round(W,4),\"lb\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The characteristic constant of the gas is 0.7157 lb\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 43 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.20 Page 12" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan,log\n", "T=200.0#Degree C\n", "p=150.0#lb/in^2\n", "v=12.0#ft^3\n", "R=96.0#Lb\n", "T1=473.0#F\n", "T2=273.0#F\n", "j=1400.0#lb\n", "Cv=0.169#lb/in^2\n", "v1=(R*T1)/(p*144)#ft^3\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "Fhi=(R/j)*log(v/v1)+Cv*log(T2/T1)#rank\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"The change of entropy is\",round(Fhi,4),\"rank\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The change of entropy is 0.0266 rank\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 44 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.22 Page 13" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan,log\n", "v=10.0#ft^3\n", "T=20.0#Degree C\n", "p=15.0#lb in^2\n", "p1=200.0#lb//in^2\n", "gama=1.41 #lb\n", "Cv=0.169#lb\n", "v2=1.153#ft^3\n", "j=1400.0#lb\n", "T1=293.0#F\n", "T2=451.0#F\n", "T1=((p1*v2)/(p*v))*T1#Degree C\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "R=Cv*j*(gama-1)\n", "W=0.816#lb\n", "Fhi=Cv*((gama-1.2)/(1.2-1))*log(T1/T2)*W#rnak\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"The change of entropy is\",round(Fhi,5),\"rank\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The change of entropy is -0.00018 rank\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 46 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.23 Page 15" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan,log\n", "p=1.0#lb\n", "T=200.0#Degree C\n", "p1=15.0#lb/in^2\n", "v1=4.0#ft^3\n", "gama=1.41#lb\n", "Cv=0.169#lb\n", "J=1400.0#lb\n", "n=1.2\n", "T=473.0#F\n", "v2=16.1#ft^3\n", "T1=473.0#F\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "T2=(p1*v2)/(p*v1)*T1#Degree C\n", "R=Cv*J*(gama-p)#lb/in^2\n", "Fhi=0.1772*log(1.317)#rank\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"the change of entropy from intial condition is\",round(Fhi,5),\"rank\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "the change of entropy from intial condition is 0.04879 rank\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 47 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.26 Page 16" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#initialisation of variable\n", "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,asin,atan,cos,sin,tan,log\n", "w=0.066#ft^3\n", "p=14.7#lb/in^2\n", "w1=14.2#lb/in^2\n", "w2=2780.0#lb/in^2\n", "g=0.038#lb\n", "a=28.9#lb\n", "R=w2/w1#for gas\n", "R1=93.0#for air\n", "T=273.0#F\n", "V=0.4245#ft^3\n", "\n", "#CALCULATIONS\n", "W=(p*144*w)/(T*R)#lb\n", "m=(g-W)#lb gas\n", "T2=(V+w)#ft^3\n", "\n", "#RESULTS\n", "print\"The volume of mixture is\",round(T2,4),\"ft^3\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The volume of mixture is 0.4905 ft^3\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 48 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }