{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:2f492bc2a6dad7cae3b696b117670d34888491ec5959ea22de590b83b18e09cd" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "1: Theory of Relativity" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.1, Page number 29" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "l0 = 50 #length of rocket ship(m)\n", "l = 49.5 #length observed on ground(m)\n", "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "#we know that l = l0*math.sqrt(1-((v**2)/(c**2)))\n", "v = math.sqrt((c**2)*(1-((l/l0)**2))) #speed(m/sec)\n", "v = v*10**-7;\n", "v=math.ceil(v*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"speed of the rocket is\",v, \"*10**7 m/sec\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "speed of the rocket is 4.233 *10**7 m/sec\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.2, Page number 30" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "l0 = 1; #assume length(m)\n", "l = (99/100)*l0 #length observed on ground(m)\n", "c = 1 #assume c = 1\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "#we know that l = l0*math.sqrt(1-((v**2)/(c**2)))\n", "v = math.sqrt((c**2)*(1-((l/l0)**2))) #speed(m/sec)\n", "v=math.ceil(v*10**4)/10**4; #rounding off to 4 decimals\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"speed of the rocket is\",v,\"c\"\n", "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "speed of the rocket is 0.1411 c\n", "answer given in the book is wrong\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 11 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.3, Page number 30" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "l0 = 120 #length of spaceship(m)\n", "c = 1 #assume c = 1\n", "v = 0.99*c; #speed of spaceship(m/sec)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "l = l0*math.sqrt(1-((v**2)/(c**2))); #length of the observer(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"length of the observer is\",round(l),\"m\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "length of the observer is 17.0 m\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 14 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.4, Page number 30 theoretical proof" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.5, Page number 31" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "#surface area of elliptical lamina = 1/2 (area of circular lamina)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "c = 3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", "#((math.pi*D**2)/4)*math.sqrt(1-(v**2/c**2)) = 1/2*math.pi*D**2/4\n", "#math.sqrt(1-(v**2/c**2)) = 1/2\n", "v = c*math.sqrt(1-(1/4)); #velocity(m/sec)\n", "v = v*10**-8;\n", "v=math.ceil(v*10)/10; #rounding off to 1 decimal\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"velocity is\",v,\"*10**8 m/sec\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "velocity is 2.6 *10**8 m/sec\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 18 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.6, Page number 32" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "t0 = 2*10**-8; #mean life of meson(sec)\n", "c = 1; #assume c = 1\n", "v = 0.8*c; #velocity of meson(m/sec)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "t = t0/math.sqrt(1-(v**2/c**2)); #mean life with a particular velocity\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"mean life of meson with a velocity is\",round(t/1e-8,3),\"*10**-8 sec\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "mean life of meson with a velocity is 3.333 *10**-8 sec\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 22 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.7, Page number 32" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "t0 = 3; #time period of pendulum(sec)\n", "c = 1; #assume c = 1\n", "v = 0.95*c; #velocity of observer(m/sec)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "t = t0/math.sqrt(1-(v**2/c**2)); #time period measured by observer(sec)\n", "t = math.ceil(t*100)/100; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"time period measured by observer is\",t,\"sec\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "time period measured by observer is 9.61 sec\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.8, Page number 33" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "t0 = 1; #life time of particle(micro sec)\n", "v = 2.7*10**8; #velocity of particle(m/sec)\n", "c = 3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "t0 = t0*10**-6; #life time of particle(sec)\n", "t = t0/math.sqrt(1-(v**2/c**2)); #life time(sec)\n", "t = round(t/1e-6,1)*10**-6; \n", "x = v*t; #distance travelled before disintegration(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"life time is\",t,\"sec\"\n", "print \"distance travelled before disintegration is\",x,\"m\"\n", "print \"answer for distance given in the book is wrong\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "life time is 2.3e-06 sec\n", "distance travelled before disintegration is 621.0 m\n", "answer for distance given in the book is wrong\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.9, Page number 33" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "c = 1; #assume c = 1\n", "u = -0.85*c; #speed of B\n", "v = 0.75*c; #speed of A\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "u_dash = (u-v)/(1-(u*v/c**2)); #velocity of B with respect to A\n", "u_dash = math.ceil(u_dash*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"velocity of B with respect to A is\",u_dash,\"c\"\n", "print \"answer given in the book is wrong with respect to sign\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "velocity of B with respect to A is -0.977 c\n", "answer given in the book is wrong with respect to sign\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.10, Page number 34" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "c = 1; #assume c = 1\n", "u_dash = 0.9*c; #velocity of beta particle\n", "v = 0.25*c; #speed of A\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "u = (u_dash+v)/(1+(u_dash*v/c**2)); #speed of beta particle\n", "u = math.ceil(u*10**2)/10**2; #rounding off to 2 decimals\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"speed of beta particle is\",u,\"c\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "speed of beta particle is 0.94 c\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.11, Page number 34" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "mp = 1.6*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", "me = 9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", "c = 3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "m0 = me;\n", "m = mp;\n", "# we know that m = m0/math.sqrt(1-(v**2/c**2));\n", "A = (m0/m)**2;\n", "v_square = (1-A)*(c**2);\n", "v = math.sqrt(v_square); #speed of electron(m/sec)\n", "v = v*10**-8;\n", "v = math.ceil(v*10**7)/10**7; #rounding off to 7 decimals\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"speed of electron is\",v,\"*10**8 m/sec\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "speed of electron is 2.9999996 *10**8 m/sec\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 18 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.12, Page number 35" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "m0 = 1; #assume m0 = 1\n", "m = 2.25*m0;\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "A = (m0/m)**2;\n", "v_square = (1-A)*(c**2);\n", "v = math.sqrt(v_square); #speed of a body(m/sec)\n", "v = v*10**-8;\n", "v = math.ceil(v*10**3)/10**3; #rounding off to 3 decimals\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"speed of the body is\",v,\"*10**8 m/sec\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "speed of electron is 2.688 *10**8 m/sec\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 22 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.13, Page number 35" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "c = 1; #assume c = 1\n", "v = 0.99*c; #velocity of electron\n", "m0 = 9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "m = m0/math.sqrt(1-(v**2/c**2)); #mass of electron(kg)\n", "m = m*10**31;\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"mass of the electron is\",int(m),\"*10**-31 kg\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "mass of the electron is 64 *10**-31 kg\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 27 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.14, Page number 35" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "prompt_number": 28 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.15, Page number 36" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "prompt_number": 29 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example number 1.16, Page number 37" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "prompt_number": 30 }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] } ], "metadata": {} } ] }