{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "#14: Optics" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.1, Page number 14.41" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 39, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is 19.727\n", "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "I1=10; #intensity(w/m**2)\n", "I2=25; #intensity(w/m**2)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "a1bya2=math.sqrt(I1/I2); \n", "I=((1+a1bya2)**2)/((a1bya2-1)**2); #ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is\",round(I,3)\n", "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.2, Page number 14.42" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 40, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "angular position of 10th maximum is 3 degrees 7 minutes 30.887 seconds\n", "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n", "angular position of 1st minimum is 0 degrees 9 minutes 23 seconds\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "lamda=5460*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", "d=1*10**-4; #seperation(m)\n", "D=2; #distance(m)\n", "n=10; #position\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "Xmax10=n*lamda*D/d;\n", "tan_phi=Xmax10/D; \n", "phi_max10=math.atan(tan_phi);\n", "phi_max10=phi_max10*180/math.pi; #angular position of 10th maximum(degrees)\n", "phim=60*(phi_max10-int(phi_max10));\n", "phis=60*(phim-int(phim));\n", "xmin1=lamda*D/(2*d); \n", "tan_phi1=xmin1/D;\n", "phi_min1=math.atan(tan_phi1);\n", "phi_min1=phi_min1*180/math.pi; #angular position of 1st minimum(degrees)\n", "phi_m=60*(phi_min1-int(phi_min1));\n", "phi_s=60*(phi_m-int(phi_m));\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"angular position of 10th maximum is\",int(phi_max10),\"degrees\",int(phim),\"minutes\",round(phis,3),\"seconds\"\n", "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"\n", "print \"angular position of 1st minimum is\",int(phi_min1),\"degrees\",int(phi_m),\"minutes\",int(phi_s),\"seconds\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.3, Page number 14.43" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 41, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "5320.0 angstrom lies in the visible region\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "mew=1.33; #refractive index of soap\n", "t=5000*10**-10; #thickness(m)\n", "n0=0;\n", "n1=1;\n", "n2=2;\n", "n3=3;\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "x=4*mew*t;\n", "lamda1=x/((2*n0)+1); #for n=0\n", "lamda2=x/((2*n1)+1); #for n=1\n", "lamda3=x/((2*n2)+1); #for n=2\n", "lamda4=x/((2*n3)+1); #for n=3\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print lamda3*10**10,\"angstrom lies in the visible region\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.4, Page number 14.43" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 42, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "wavelength of light is 5880 angstrom\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "D15=0.59*10**-2; #diameter of 15th ring(m)\n", "D5=0.336*10**-2; #diameter of 5th ring(m)\n", "R=1; #radius(m)\n", "m=10;\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "lamda=((D15**2)-(D5**2))/(4*m*R); #wavelength of light(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"wavelength of light is\",int(lamda*10**10),\"angstrom\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.5, Page number 14.44" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 43, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "radius of curvature is 1.059 m\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "D10=0.5*10**-2; #diameter of 10th ring(m)\n", "lamda=5900*10**-10; #wavelength of light(m)\n", "n=10;\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "R=D10**2/(4*n*lamda); #radius of curvature(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"radius of curvature is\",round(R,3),\"m\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.6, Page number 14.44" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 44, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "least distance of the point is 13 mm\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "lamda1=650*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n", "lamda2=500*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n", "D=1; #distance(m)\n", "d=0.5*10**-3; #seperation(m)\n", "n=10;\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "x=n*lamda1*D/d; #least distance of the point(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"least distance of the point is\",int(x*10**3),\"mm\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.7, Page number 14.45" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 45, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "thickness is 2.5 micro m\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "lamda=500*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n", "n=10;\n", "D10=2*10**-3; #diameter(m)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "r10=D10/2; #radius(m)\n", "R=D10**2/(4*n*lamda);\n", "t=r10**2/(2*R); #thickness(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"thickness is\",t*10**6,\"micro m\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.8, Page number 14.45" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 46, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "fringe width is 2.75 mm\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "d=0.2*10**-3; #seperation(m)\n", "lamda=550*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n", "D=1; #diameter(m)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "beta=lamda*D/d; #fringe width(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"fringe width is\",beta*10**3,\"mm\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.9, Page number 14.45" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 47, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "separation between slits is 2 mm\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "lamda=500*10**-9; #wavelength(m)\n", "D=2; #diameter(m)\n", "beta=(5/100)*10**-2; #fringe width(m)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "d=lamda*D/beta; #separation between slits(m)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"separation between slits is\",int(d*10**3),\"mm\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.10, Page number 14.46" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 48, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is 2.0\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "a12=36; #intensity 1\n", "a22=1; #intensity 2\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "a1=math.sqrt(a12);\n", "a2=math.sqrt(a22);\n", "Imin=(a1-a2)**2; #minimum intensity\n", "Imax=(a1+a2)**2; #maximum intensity\n", "r=Imax/Imin;\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is\",round(r)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "##Example number 14.11, Page number 14.46" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 51, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "diameter of 25th ring is 0.8239 cm\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#importing modules\n", "import math\n", "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "#Variable declaration\n", "D5=0.3; #diameter of 5th ring(cm)\n", "D15=0.62; #diameter of 15th ring(cm)\n", "\n", "#Calculation\n", "D_25=2*(D15**2)-(D5**2);\n", "D25=math.sqrt(D_25); #diameter of 25th ring(cm)\n", "\n", "#Result\n", "print \"diameter of 25th ring is\",round(D25,4),\"cm\"" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 2", "language": "python", "name": "python2" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 2 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", "version": "2.7.9" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 0 }