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   "source": [
    "#13: Fiber Optics "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 13.1, Page number 13.5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "numerical aperture is 0.391\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "n1=1.55;     #refractive index of core\n",
    "n2=1.50;     #refractive index of cladding\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 13.2, Page number 13.6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "angle of acceptance is 26 degrees 29.5 minutes\n",
      "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "n1=1.563;     #refractive index of core\n",
    "n2=1.498;     #refractive index of cladding\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
    "alpha_i=math.asin(NA);      #angle of acceptance(radian)\n",
    "alpha_i=(alpha_i*180/math.pi);    #angle(degrees)\n",
    "alpha_id=int(alpha_i);\n",
    "alpha_im=60*(alpha_i-alpha_id);\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"angle of acceptance is\",alpha_id,\"degrees\",round(alpha_im,1),\"minutes\"\n",
    "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 13.3, Page number 13.6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "refractive index of core is 1.2333\n",
      "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "NA=0.39;       #numerical aperture\n",
    "delta=0.05;    #difference of indices\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "n1=NA/math.sqrt(2*delta);     #refractive index of core\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"refractive index of core is\",round(n1,4)\n",
    "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 13.4, Page number 13.7"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "fractional index change is 0.0416\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "n1=1.563;     #refractive index of core\n",
    "n2=1.498;     #refractive index of cladding\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "delta=(n1-n2)/n1;    #fractional index change\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"fractional index change is\",round(delta,4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 13.5, Page number 13.7"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "numerical aperture is 0.2965\n",
      "angle of acceptance is 17 degrees 15.0 minutes\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "n1=1.48;     #refractive index of core\n",
    "n2=1.45;     #refractive index of cladding\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
    "alpha_i=math.asin(NA);      #angle of acceptance(radian)\n",
    "alpha_i=(alpha_i*180/math.pi);    #angle(degrees)\n",
    "alpha_id=int(alpha_i);\n",
    "alpha_im=60*(alpha_i-alpha_id);\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,4)\n",
    "print \"angle of acceptance is\",alpha_id,\"degrees\",round(alpha_im),\"minutes\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##Example number 13.6, Page number 13.14"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "attenuation loss is 3.98 dB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#importing modules\n",
    "import math\n",
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "#Variable declaration\n",
    "Pout=40;    #power(mW)\n",
    "Pin=100;    #power(mW)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Calculation\n",
    "al=-10*math.log10(Pout/Pin);    #attenuation loss(dB)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Result\n",
    "print \"attenuation loss is\",round(al,2),\"dB\""
   ]
  }
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