{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "Chapter 12"
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": "Superconducting Materials"
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": "Example number 12.1, Page number 356"
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "#To calculate the critical field\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc=3.7;   #critical temperature in K\nH0=0.0306;   #magnetic field in T\nT=2;    #temperature in K\n\n#Calculation\nHc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\nHc=math.ceil(Hc*10**5)/10**5;   #rounding off to 5 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical field in T is\",Hc);\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "('critical field in T is', 0.02166)\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": "Example number 12.2, Page number 356"
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "#To calculate the critical field\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc=7.26;   #critical temperature in K\nH0=6.4*10**3;   #magnetic field in T\nT=5;    #temperature in K\n\n#Calculation\nHc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\nHc=math.ceil(Hc*10**3)/10**3;   #rounding off to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical field in T is\",Hc);",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "('critical field in T is', 3364.385)\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": "Example number 12.3, Page number 357"
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "#To calculate the value of Tc\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTc1=4.185;   #critical temperature in K\nM1=199.5;     #atomic mass\nM2=203.4;     #atomic mass after changing\n\n#Calculation\n#according to maxwell equation Tc*M^0.5=constant\n#Tc1*M1^0.5=Tc2*M2^0.5\nTc2=(Tc1*M1**0.5)/M2**0.5;\nTc2=math.ceil(Tc2*10**6)/10**6;   #rounding off to 6 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical temperature of Hg in K is\",Tc2);\n",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "('critical temperature of Hg in K is', 4.144685)\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": "Example number 12.4, Page number 357"
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "#To calculate the critical current density\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nd=1;    #diameter of wire in mm\nT=4.2;       #temperature in K\nTc=7.18;   #critical temperature in K\nH0=6.5*10**4;   #magnetic field\n\n#Calculation\nd=d*10**-3;     #diameter in m\nR=d/2;\nHc=H0*(1-(T**2/Tc**2));\nHC=Hc/10**4;\nHC=math.ceil(HC*10**3)/10**3;   #rounding off to 2 decimals\nIc=2*math.pi*R*Hc;\nIc=math.ceil(Ic*10**2)/10**2;   #rounding off to 2 decimals\nA=math.pi*R**2;\nJ=Ic/A;\nJ=J/10**8;\nJ=math.ceil(J*10**5)/10**5;   #rounding off to 5 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"critical magnetic field at 4.2K in A/m is\",HC,\"*10**4\");\nprint(\"critical current in A is\",Ic);\nprint(\"critical current density in A/m^2 is\",J,\"*10**8\");",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "('critical magnetic field at 4.2K in A/m is', 4.276, '*10**4')\n('critical current in A is', 134.33)\n('critical current density in A/m^2 is', 1.71035, '*10**8')\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": "Example number 12.5, Page number 358"
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "#To calculate the frequency of radiation\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\ne=1.6*10**-19;\nh=6.626*10**-34;\nV=6;    #voltage applied in micro volts\n\n#Calculation\nV=V*10**-6;    #converting micro volts to volts\nnew=(2*e*V)/h;\nnew=new/10**9;\nnew=math.ceil(new*10**4)/10**4;   #rounding off to 4 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"frequency of ac signal in Hz is\",new,\"*10**9\");",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "('frequency of ac signal in Hz is', 2.8977, '*10**9')\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": "Example number 12.6, Page number 358"
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "#To calculate the band gap\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nKb=1.38*10**-23;\nTc=7.19;    #critical temperature in K\n\n#Calculation\nEg=3.5*Kb*Tc;\nEg=Eg/(1.6*10**-19);    #converting J to eV\nEg=Eg*10**3;    #converting eV into milli eV\nEg=math.ceil(Eg*10**3)/10**3;   #rounding off to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint(\"band gap of superconducting lead in meV is\",Eg);",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": "('band gap of superconducting lead in meV is', 2.171)\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": "",
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}