{ "metadata": { "name": "CHAPTER1" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter1:Fundamental Concepts" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.1 Page No.7" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "k=9.4 # thermal conductivity in [BTU/hr.ft. \u02daRankine]\n", "q=6.3 # heat flux in [BTU/s. sq.ft]\n", "T1=350 # the outside surface temperature of one aide of the wall [\u02daF]\n", "\n", "Q=6.3*3600 # [BTU/hr.sq.ft]\n", "dx=0.5 # thickness in [inch]\n", "Dx=0.5/12.0 # thickness in [ft]\n", "T2=T1-(Q*Dx/k) # [\u02daF]\n", "\n", "print\"The required temperature on the other side of the firewall is \",round(T2,1),\"F\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The required temperature on the other side of the firewall is 249.5 F\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.2 Page No.9" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "k_ss=14.4 # thermal conductivity of stainless steel in [W/m.K]\n", "dt_ss=40 # [K]\n", "dt_al=8.65 # [K]\n", "dz_ss=1 # [cm]\n", "dz_al=3 # [cm]\n", "\n", "k_al=k_ss*dt_ss*dz_al/(dt_al*dz_ss);# thermal conductivity of Al in [W/m.K]\n", "\n", "print\"The thermal conductivity of aluminium is\",round(k_al,0),\"W/m.K\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The thermal conductivity of aluminium is 200.0 W/m.K\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.3 Page No.13" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "h_c=3 # convective coefficient in [BTU/hr.ft**2\n", "A=30*18 # Cross sectional area in ft**2\n", "T_w=140 # Roof surface temperature in degree Fahrenheit\n", "T_inf=85 # Ambient temperature in degree Fahrenheit\n", "\n", "dT= (T_w-T_inf)\n", "Q_c=h_c*A*dT # Convective heat transfer in BTU/hr\n", "\n", "print\"The heat transferred by convection is\",round(Q_c,2),\"BTU/hr\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The heat transferred by convection is 89100.0 BTU/hr\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 10 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.4 Page No.14" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "D=0.0243 # diameter in meter\n", "L=0.2 # length in meter\n", "A=3.14*D*L # cross-sectional area in sq.m\n", "cp=4200.0 # specific heat of water in J/kg.K\n", "T_b2=21.4 # temperature of bulk fluid in degree celsius\n", "T_in=20.0 # temperature of inlet water in degree celsius\n", "T_w=75.0 # temperature of wall in degree celsius\n", "Q=500.0 # volumetric flow rate in cc/s\n", "density=1000 # density of water in kg/cu.m\n", "\n", "m=Q*density/10**6 # mass flowa rate in kg/s\n", "hc=m*cp*(T_b2-T_in)/(A*(T_w-T_in))\n", "\n", "print\"The average film conductance is \",round(hc,0),\"W/sq.m. K\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The average film conductance is 3503.0 W/sq.m. K\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 14 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.5 Page No.18" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "W=14 # width in ft\n", "L=30.0 # length in ft\n", "A=W*L # area in ft**2\n", "F_12=1 # view factor assumed to be 1\n", "T1=120+460 # driveway surface temperature in degree Rankine\n", "T2=0 # space temperature assumed to be 0 degree Rankine\n", "\n", "sigma=0.1714*10**(-8) # value of Stefan-Boltzmann's constant in BTU/(hr.ft**2.(degree Rankine)**4)\n", "e=0.9 # surface emissivity\n", "q=sigma*A*e*F_12*((T1)**4-(T2)**4);\n", "\n", "print\"The heat loss rate by radiation is \",round(q,0),\"BTU/hr\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "The heat loss rate by radiation is 73319.0 BTU/hr\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 17 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.6 Page No.19" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "A=420.0 # area in sq.ft\n", "T1=580.0 # driveway surface temperature in degree Rankine\n", "T2=0 # surface temperature assumed to be 0 degree Rankine\n", "Qr=73320 # heat loss rate in BTU/hr\n", "\n", "hr=Qr/(A*(T1-T2)) # radiation thermal conductance in BTU/(hr.ft**2.(degree Rankine)\n", "\n", "print\"the radiation thermal conductance is \",round(hr,2),\"BTU/(hr. sq.ft R)\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "the radiation thermal conductance is 0.3 BTU/(hr. sq.ft R)\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 21 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.7 Page No. 21" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%matplotlib inline" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "A=1.0 # assuming A=1 m**2 for convenience\n", "hc1_avg=15.0 # taking average of extreme values for hc [W/m**2.K]\n", "k=(0.38+0.52)/2.0 # thermal conductivity of common brick in W/M.k\n", "L=0.1 #10 cm converted into m\n", "Rk=(L/(k*A)) # resistance of construction material, assume common brick\n", "\n", "T_inf1=1000.0 # temperature of exhaust gases in K\n", "T_inf2=283.0 # temperature of ambient air in K\n", "Rcl=1/(hc1_avg*A) # resistance on left side of wall [K/W]\n", "Rc2=Rcl \n", "q=(T_inf1-T_inf2)/(Rcl+Rk+Rc2) # heat transferred per unit area\n", "T_in=T_inf1-Rcl*q #inlet temprature \n", "T_out=T_inf2+Rc2*q\n", "\n", "print\"(b)\"\n", "print\"The resistance on left side of wall is \",round(Rcl,2),\"K/W\"\n", "print\"The resistance of construction material of wall is\",round(Rk,2),\"K/W\"\n", "print\"The resistance on right side of wall is \",round(Rc2,2),\"K/W\"\n", "print\"(c)The Heat transferred per unit area is \",round(q/1000,2),\"kw\"\n", "print \"(d)\"\n", "print\"The inside wall temperature is \",round(T_in,0),\"K\"\n", "print\"The outside wall temperature is\",round(T_out,1),\"K\"\n", "\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", "fig = plt.figure()\n", "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n", "\n", "x1=[5,5]\n", "T1=[0,1000]\n", "\n", "x2=[8,8]\n", "T2=[0,1000]\n", "\n", "x3=[1,4]\n", "T3=[1000,1000]\n", "\n", "x4=[4,5]\n", "T4=[1000,866]\n", "\n", "x5=[5,8]\n", "T5=[866,417]\n", "\n", "x6=[8,9]\n", "T6=[417,290]\n", "\n", "x7=[9,10]\n", "T7=[290,283]\n", "\n", "xlabel(\"x\") \n", "ylabel(\"T (K)\") \n", "plt.xlim((0,11))\n", "plt.ylim((0,1200))\n", "\n", "ax.plot([1], [1000], 'o')\n", "ax.annotate('(1000K)', xy=(1,1020))\n", "\n", "ax.plot([5], [866], 'o')\n", "ax.annotate('(T1)', xy=(5.5,866))\n", "\n", "ax.plot([8], [417], 'o')\n", "ax.annotate('(T2)', xy=(7.5,417))\n", "ax.plot([10], [283], 'o')\n", "ax.annotate('(283K)', xy=(10.5,283))\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "a1=plot(x1,T1)\n", "a2=plot(x2,T2)\n", "a3=plot(x3,T3)\n", "a4=plot(x4,T4)\n", "a5=plot(x5,T5)\n", "a6=plot(x6,T6)\n", "a7=plot(x7,T7)\n", "show(a1)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(b)\n", "The resistance on left side of wall is 0.07 K/W\n", "The resistance of construction material of wall is 0.22 K/W\n", "The resistance on right side of wall is 0.07 K/W\n", "(c)The Heat transferred per unit area is 2.02 kw\n", "(d)\n", "The inside wall temperature is 866.0 K\n", "The outside wall temperature is 417.4 K\n" ] }, { "output_type": "display_data", "png": 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} ], "prompt_number": 24 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 1.8 Page No.24" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "k=0.604 # [BTU/(hr.ft.degree Rankine)]\n", "hc=3.0 # average value for natural convection in BTU/(hr.ft**2.degree Rankine)\n", "ew=0.93 \n", "f_wr=1.0 # shape factor\n", "sigma= 0.1714*10**(-8) # BTU/(hr.ft**2.degree Rankine).\n", "L=4/12.0 # length in ft\n", "T1=80+460 # temperature of side-walk in degree Rankine\n", "T_inf=20+460 # temperature of ambient air in degree Rankine\n", "T_r=0 # assuming space temperature to be 0 degree Rankine\n", "\n", "a=((k/L)+hc) #Coefficient of Tw in the equation\n", "b=(sigma*ew*f_wr) #Coefficient of Tw**4 in the equation\n", "c=(k*T1/L)+(hc*T_inf)+(sigma*f_wr*ew*T_r**4) #right hans side of the equation\n", "Tw1=470 #assumed first value of temprature\n", "LHS1=a*Tw1+b*Tw1**4\n", "Tw2=480 #assumed 2nd value of temprature\n", "LHS2=a*Tw2+b*Tw2**4\n", "Tw3=490 #assumed 3rd value of temprature\n", "LHS3=a*Tw3+b*Tw3**4\n", "Tw4=485 #assumed 4th value of temprature\n", "LHS4=a*Tw4+b*Tw4**4\n", "Tw5=484.5 #assumed fifth value of temprature\n", "LHS5=a*Tw5+b*Tw5**4\n", "\n", "print\"RHS\",round(c,1)\n", "print\"LHS at surface Temprature 1=\",round(LHS1,1)\n", "print\"LHS at surface Temprature 2=\",round(LHS2,1)\n", "print\"LHS at surface Temprature 3=\",round(LHS3,0)\n", "print\"LHS at surface Temprature 4=\",round(LHS4,1)\n", "print\"LHS at surface Temprature 5=\",round(LHS5,1)\n", "print\"\\nLHS is close enough to RHS at Temprature 484.5. So Surface Temprature is\",Tw5,\"R\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "RHS 2418.5\n", "LHS at surface Temprature 1= 2339.4\n", "LHS at surface Temprature 2= 2394.4\n", "LHS at surface Temprature 3= 2450.0\n", "LHS at surface Temprature 4= 2422.0\n", "LHS at surface Temprature 5= 2419.2\n", "\n", "LHS is close enough to RHS at Temprature 484.5. So Surface Temprature is 484.5 R\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 22 }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] } ], "metadata": {} } ] }