{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:e681b00ee14cb4ba49bab5814ba58d8e293c97db9c72b39fdd9bbdd0d2223049" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter 9: Balances on Reactive Processes" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.9-1, page no. 443" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "ndot=2400.0 #mol/s\n", "Hr1= -2878 #Kj/mol\n", "HvWater=44.0 #Kj/mol\n", "HvButane=19.2 #Kj/mol\n", "\n", "#Calculations and print '%s %.3f' %ing :\n", "\n", "print (\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "print (\"Part 1\")\n", "E1= ndot/4\n", "deltaH1=E1*Hr1\n", "print '%s %.3E' %(\"enthalpy change (KJ/s) = \",deltaH1)\n", "print (\"part2\")\n", "Hr2=2*Hr1\n", "E2=ndot/8\n", "deltaH2=E2*Hr2\n", "print '%s %.3E' %(\"Enthalpy change (kJ/s) = \",deltaH2)\n", "print (\"part 3\")\n", "Hr3=Hr1+5*HvWater+HvButane\n", "deltaH3=E1*Hr3\n", "print '%s %.3E' %(\"Enthalpy change (kJ/s) = \",deltaH3)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", "Part 1\n", "enthalpy change (KJ/s) = -1.727E+06\n", "part2\n", "Enthalpy change (kJ/s) = -1.727E+06\n", "part 3\n", "Enthalpy change (kJ/s) = -1.583E+06\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 1, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.1-2, page no. 445" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ " \n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "deltaHr= -420.8 #kj/mol\n", "R=8.314\n", "T=298.0 #K\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "print(\"From reaction, only gaseous are counted\")\n", "left=1+2\n", "right=1+1\n", "deltaUr=deltaHr-R*T*(right-left)/math.pow(10,3)\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\"deltaUr (KJ/mol) = \",deltaUr)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", "From reaction, only gaseous are counted\n", "deltaUr (KJ/mol) = -418.322\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 2, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.3-1, page no. 447" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "HCO2= -393.5 #KJ/mol\n", "HH2O= -285.84 #KJ/mol\n", "HC5H12= -173. #KJ/mol\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "Hr=5*HCO2+6*HH2O-HC5H12\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Heat of the rxn (KJ/mol) = \",Hr)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", " \n", " Heat of the rxn (KJ/mol) = -3509.540\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 3, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.4-1, page no. 449" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "Hethane= -1559.9 #Kj/mol\n", "Hethene= -1411 #Kj/mol\n", "Hhydrogen= -285.84 #Kj/mol\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "Hr=Hethane-Hethene-Hhydrogen\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Heat of the rxn (KJ/mol) = \",Hr)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", " \n", " Heat of the rxn (KJ/mol) = 136.940\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 4, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 4 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.5-1, page no. 453" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "import scipy\n", "from scipy import integrate\n", "nNH3=100.0 #mol/s\n", "nO2in=200.0 #mol/s\n", "H1=8.470 #Kj/mol\n", "H3=9.570 #Kj/mol\n", "T1=25.0\n", "T2=300.0\n", "Hr= -904.7 #Kj/mol\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "def fun(T):\n", " fun=29.50*math.pow(10,-3)+ T*0.8188*math.pow(10,-5) - math.pow(T,2) * 0.2925 *math.pow(10,-8) + math.pow(T,3) * 0.3652 * math.pow(10,-12)\n", " return fun\n", "\n", "H2, err=scipy.integrate.quad(fun,T1,T2) #scipy.integrate.quad is an inbuilt function which can calculate definite integrals\n", "E=nNH3/4.\n", "nO2out=nO2in-nNH3*5./4.\n", "nNO=nNH3\n", "nH2O=nNH3*6./4.\n", "deltaH=E*Hr+(nO2out*H1+nNO*H2+nH2O*H3)\n", "Qdot=deltaH\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Heat Transferred (kW) = \",Qdot)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", " \n", " Heat Transferred (kW) = -19701.467\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 5, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.5-2, page no. 454" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "import scipy\n", "from scipy import integrate\n", "\n", "NinMethane=100.0 #mol\n", "NinOxygen=100.0 #mol\n", "NinNitrogen=376.0 #mol\n", "NoutMethane=60.0 #mol\n", "NoutOxygen=50.0 #mol\n", "NoutNitrogen=376.0 #mol\n", "NoutFormal=30.0 #mol\n", "NoutCarbon=10.0 #mol\n", "NoutWater=50.0 #mol\n", "H1= -74.85 #Kj/mol\n", "H2= 2.235 #Kj/mol\n", "H3= 2.187 #Kj/mol\n", "H5=3.758#Kj/mol\n", "H6=3.655 #Kj/mol\n", "H8= -393.5+4.75 #Kj/mol\n", "H9= -241.83+4.27 #Kj/mol\n", "T1=25.0 #C\n", "T2=150.0 #C\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "def fun1(T):\n", " fun1=34.31*math.pow(10,-3)+ T*5.469*math.pow(10,-5) + math.pow(T,2) * 0.3661 *math.pow(10,-8) - math.pow(T,3) * 11 * math.pow(10,-12)\n", " return fun1\n", "\n", "HoutMethane, err=scipy.integrate.quad(fun1,T1,T2)\n", "H4= -74.85 + HoutMethane\n", "def fun2(T):\n", " fun2=34.28*math.pow(10,-3)+ T*4.268*math.pow(10,-5) - math.pow(T,3) * 8.694 * math.pow(10,-12)\n", " return fun2\n", "\n", "HoutFormal, err2=scipy.integrate.quad(fun2,T1,T2) #scipy.integrate.quadis an inbuilt function which can calculate definite integrals\n", "H7= -115.90+ HoutFormal\n", "deltaH=NoutWater*H9+NoutCarbon*H8+NoutFormal*H7+NoutNitrogen*H6+NoutOxygen*H5+NoutMethane*H4-NinNitrogen*H3-NinOxygen*H2-NinMethane*H1\n", "Q=deltaH\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Q (KJ) = \",Q)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", " \n", " Q (KJ) = -15296.233\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 6, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.5-4, page no. 458" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "basis=150.0 #mol/s\n", "x=0.9\n", "HinEthanol= -212.19\n", "HinEthanone= -147.07\n", "HoutEthanol= -216.81\n", "HoutEthanone= -150.9\n", "HoutHydrogen=6.595\n", "NinEthanol=135.0\n", "NinEthanone=15.0\n", "Q=2440.0 #KW\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "print(\"Carbon Balance\")\n", "print(\"basis*x *2 + basis* (1-x) *2=2 n1+2 n2\")\n", "print(\"Hydrogen Balance\")\n", "print(\"basis * x *6 + basis * (1-x)*4 = 6 n1+4 n2+2 n3\")\n", "print(\"Energy Balance\")\n", "print(\"Q= HoutEthanol n1 HoutEthanone n2 + HoutHydrogen n3 -NinEthanol * HinEthanol -NinEthanone* HinEthanone\")\n", "A=([[1, 1, 0],[3, 2, 1],[216.81, 150.9, -6.595]])\n", "b=([[150],[435],[28412]])\n", "C=numpy.dot(linalg.inv(A),b)\n", "n1=C[0,0]\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n n1 (mol Ethanol/s) = \",n1)\n", "n2=C[1,0]\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n n2 (mol Ethanone/s) = \",n2)\n", "n3=C[2,0]\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n n3 (mol Hydrogen/s) = \",n3)\n", "print(\"The solutions in the Text are Wrong\")\n", "fraction=(NinEthanol-n1)/NinEthanol\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\"Fractional conversion of Ethanol = \",fraction)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", "Carbon Balance\n", "basis*x *2 + basis* (1-x) *2=2 n1+2 n2\n", "Hydrogen Balance\n", "basis * x *6 + basis * (1-x)*4 = 6 n1+4 n2+2 n3\n", "Energy Balance\n", "Q= HoutEthanol n1 HoutEthanone n2 + HoutHydrogen n3 -NinEthanol * HinEthanol -NinEthanone* HinEthanone\n", " \n", " n1 (mol Ethanol/s) = 91.957\n", " \n", " n2 (mol Ethanone/s) = 58.043\n", " \n", " n3 (mol Hydrogen/s) = 43.043\n", "The solutions in the Text are Wrong\n", "Fractional conversion of Ethanol = 0.319\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 7, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.5-5, page no. 460" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "print(\"from tables,\")\n", "HfAcid= -1294. #Kj/mol\n", "HfBase= -469.1 #Kj/mol\n", "HfSalt= -1974. #Kj/mol \n", "HfWater= -285.8 #Kj/mol\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "print(\"part 1\")\n", "Hr=HfSalt+3*HfWater-HfAcid-3*HfBase\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\"Hr of the rxn (KJ/mol) = \",Hr)\n", "print(\"part 2\")\n", "deltaH=Hr*5./3.\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\"deltaH (KJ) = \",deltaH)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "from tables,\n", " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", "part 1\n", "Hr of the rxn (KJ/mol) = -130.100\n", "part 2\n", "deltaH (KJ) = -216.833\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 8, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 8 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.5-6, page no. 461" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "x=0.1\n", "y=0.2\n", "MAcid=98.1\n", "MS=32.0\n", "MSalt=142.0\n", "MBase=40.0\n", "MWater=18.0\n", "MNa=46.0\n", "basis=1000.0 #g\n", "T2=35.0\n", "T1=25.0\n", "T3=40.0\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "print(\"Using S balance, \")\n", "m2=basis*x*MS*MSalt/(MAcid*MS)\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n m2 (g Na2SO4) = \",m2)\n", "print(\"Using Na balance, \")\n", "m1=2*MNa*m2*MBase/(y*MNa*MSalt)\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n m1 (g NaOH) = \",m1)\n", "print(\"Total mass balance, \")\n", "m3=basis+m1-m2\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n m3 (g H2O) = \",m3)\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Mass of product solution = \",m2+m3)\n", "m=m2+m3\n", "Water=m2*2/MSalt\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Water Formed in the reaction (mol H2O) = \",Water)\n", "print(\"H2SO4(aq):\")\n", "a1=basis*(1-x)/MWater\n", "b1=basis*x/MAcid\n", "rAcid=a1/b1\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n rAcid (mol Water/mol Acid) = \",rAcid)\n", "print(\"NaOH(aq):\")\n", "a2=m1*(1-y)/MWater\n", "b2=m1*y/MBase\n", "rBase=a2/b2\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n rBase (mol Water/mol Base) = \",rBase)\n", "print(\"Na2SO4(aq):\")\n", "a3=m3/MWater\n", "b3=m2/MSalt\n", "rSalt=a3/b3\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n rSalt (mol Water/mol Salt) =\",rSalt)\n", "E=b1\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Extent of reaction (mol) = \",E)\n", "nHAcid=basis*3.85*(T3-T1)/1000\n", "nHSalt=m*4.184*(T2-T1)/1000\n", "nHBase=0\n", "HfSalt= -1384\n", "HfAcid= -884.6\n", "HfBase= -468.1\n", "HfWater= -285.84\n", "deltaHr=HfSalt+ 2*HfWater - HfAcid - 2*HfBase\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Entahlpy change in the rxn (KJ/mol) = \",deltaHr)\n", "Q=E*deltaHr + (nHSalt-nHAcid-nHBase)\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n Q of the rxn (KJ) = \",Q)\n", "print(\"The answer in the Text is wrong.\")\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", "Using S balance, \n", " \n", " m2 (g Na2SO4) = 144.750\n", "Using Na balance, \n", " \n", " m1 (g NaOH) = 407.747\n", "Total mass balance, \n", " \n", " m3 (g H2O) = 1262.997\n", " \n", " Mass of product solution = 1407.747\n", " \n", " Water Formed in the reaction (mol H2O) = 2.039\n", "H2SO4(aq):\n", " \n", " rAcid (mol Water/mol Acid) = 49.050\n", "NaOH(aq):\n", " \n", " rBase (mol Water/mol Base) = 8.889\n", "Na2SO4(aq):\n", " \n", " rSalt (mol Water/mol Salt) = 68.833\n", " \n", " Extent of reaction (mol) = 1.019\n", " \n", " Entahlpy change in the rxn (KJ/mol) = -134.880\n", " \n", " Q of the rxn (KJ) = -136.342\n", "The answer in the Text is wrong.\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 9, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 9 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example 9.6-1, page no. 465" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "\n", "\n", "#Initialization of variables\n", "import math\n", "import numpy\n", "from numpy import linalg\n", "\n", "x=0.85\n", "H1= 802 #KJ/mol\n", "H2= 1428 #kJ/mol\n", "M1=16.0\n", "M2=30.0\n", "\n", "#Calculations and printing :\n", "\n", "print(\" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\")\n", "y1=x*16\n", "y2=(1-x)*30\n", "xCH4=y1/(y1+y2)\n", "HHVMethane=(H1+ 2*44.013)/M1\n", "HHVEthane=(H2+ 3*44.013)/M2\n", "HHV=xCH4*HHVMethane + (1-xCH4)*HHVEthane\n", "print '%s %.3f' %(\" \\n HHV of Fuel (KJ/g) = \",HHV)\n", "raw_input('press enter key to exit')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", " \n", " HHV of Fuel (KJ/g) = 54.725\n" ] }, { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "press enter key to exit\n" ] }, { "metadata": {}, "output_type": "pyout", "prompt_number": 10, "text": [ "''" ] } ], "prompt_number": 10 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }