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  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter - 8 : Operational Amplifiers (OPAMPs)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.1\n",
      ": Page No 432 "
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "# Given data\n",
      "A_V = -100 \n",
      "R1 = 2.2 # in kohm\n",
      "R1 = R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "R_f =-( A_V*R1) # in ohm\n",
      "R_f = R_f * 10**-3 # in kohm\n",
      "print \"The resistance value = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R_f"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The resistance value = 220 k\u03a9\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 21
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.2\n",
      ": Page No 432"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 200 # in kohm \n",
      "R1 = 2 # in kohm\n",
      "A_V = - (R_f/R1) \n",
      "V_in = 2.5 # in mV\n",
      "V_in= V_in*10**-3 # in V\n",
      "V_o = (A_V * V_in) # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output voltage = -0.25 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 20
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.3\n",
      ": Page No 461"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "V1 = 2 # in V\n",
      "R_f = 500 # in kohm\n",
      "R_f = R_f*10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "R1 = 100 # in kohm\n",
      "R1 = R1 * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "V_o = (1+(R_f/R1))*V1 # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output voltage = 12 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 19
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.4\n",
      ": Page No 461"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 1 # in Mohm\n",
      "R_f = R_f * 10**6 # in ohm\n",
      "print \"Part (a)\"\n",
      "V1 = 1 # in V\n",
      "V2 = 2 # in V\n",
      "V3 = 3 # in V\n",
      "R1 = 500 # in kohm\n",
      "R1 = R1 * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "R2 = 1 # in Mohm\n",
      "R2 = R2 * 10**6 # in ohm\n",
      "R3 = 1 # in Mohm\n",
      "R3 = R3 * 10**6 # in ohm\n",
      "V_o = -(R_f) * ( (V1/R1)+(V2/R2)+(V3/R3) ) # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %V_o\n",
      "\n",
      "print \"Part (b)\"\n",
      "V1 = -2 # in V\n",
      "V2 = 3 # in V\n",
      "V3 = 1 # in V\n",
      "R1 = 200 # in kohm\n",
      "R1 = R1 * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "R2 = 500 # in kohm\n",
      "R2 = R2 * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "R3 = 1 # in Mohm\n",
      "R3 = R3 * 10**6 # in ohm\n",
      "V_o = -(R_f) * ( (V1/R1)+(V2/R2)+(V3/R3) ) # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Part (a)\n",
        "The output voltage = -7 V\n",
        "Part (b)\n",
        "The output voltage = 3 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.6\n",
      ": Page No 462"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 0 # in V\n",
      "R1 = 2 # in kohm\n",
      "R1 = R1 * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "A_vmin = (1+(R_f/R1)) \n",
      "print \"The minimum closed loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %A_vmin\n",
      "R_f1 = 100 # in kohm\n",
      "R_f1 = R_f1 * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "A_vmax = (1+(R_f1/R1)) \n",
      "print \"The maximum closed loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %A_vmax"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The minimum closed loop voltage gain = 1\n",
        "The maximum closed loop voltage gain = 51\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.7\n",
      ": Page No 463"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "V1 = 745 # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V1 = V1 * 10**-6 # in V\n",
      "V2 = 740 # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V2 = V2 * 10**-6 # in V\n",
      "Av = 5*10**5 \n",
      "CMRR = 80 # in dB\n",
      "# Formula CMRR in dB= 20*log(Av/Ac)\n",
      "Ac= Av/(10**(CMRR/20)) \n",
      "print \"The common mode gain = %0.2f\" %Ac\n",
      "V_o = Av*(V1-V2)+Ac*((V1+V2)/2) # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_o\n",
      "\n",
      "# Note: In the book the calculation of finding the value of common mode gain  (i.e. Ac) is wrong, \n",
      "#       so the answer in the book is wrong"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The common mode gain = 50.00\n",
        "The output voltage = 2.54 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.8\n",
      ": Page No 464"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 1 # in Mohm\n",
      "R_f = R_f * 10**6 # in ohm\n",
      "Ri= 1*10**6 # in ohm\n",
      "R1 = Ri # in ohm\n",
      "A_VF = -(R_f/R1) \n",
      "print \"The Voltage gain = %0.f\" %A_VF"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The Voltage gain = -1\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.10\n",
      ": Page No 465"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_F = 3 # in kohm\n",
      "R1 = 1 # in  kohm\n",
      "V1 = 2 # in V\n",
      "V2 = 3 # in V\n",
      "V_o1 = (1+(R_F/R1))*V1 # in V\n",
      "V_o2 = (1+(R_F/R1))*V2 # in V\n",
      "V_o = V_o1+V_o2 # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output voltage = 20 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.11\n",
      ": Page No 466"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_i = 10 # in k\u03a9 \n",
      "R_im = 20 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R_f = 500 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "A_vmin = -(R_f/R_i) \n",
      "print \"Closed loop voltage gain corresponding to minimum resistance = %0.f\" %A_vmin\n",
      "A_vmax = -(R_f/R_im) \n",
      "print \"Closed loop voltage gain corresponding to maximum resistance = %0.f\" %A_vmax"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Closed loop voltage gain corresponding to minimum resistance = -50\n",
        "Closed loop voltage gain corresponding to maximum resistance = -25\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.12\n",
      ": Page No 467"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 200 # in  kohm\n",
      "R1 = 20 # in kohm\n",
      "A_v = -(R_f/R1) \n",
      "V_i = 0.1 # in V\n",
      "V_im = 0.5 # in V\n",
      "V_omin = -10*V_i # in V\n",
      "print \"The minimum output voltage = %0.f V\" %V_omin\n",
      "V_omax = -10*V_im # in V\n",
      "print \"The maximum output voltage = %0.f V\" %V_omax\n",
      "print \"Output voltage ranges :  from\",int(V_omin,),\"to\",int(V_omax)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The minimum output voltage = -1 V\n",
        "The maximum output voltage = -5 V\n",
        "Output voltage ranges :  from -1 to -5\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.13\n",
      ": Page No 467"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "%matplotlib inline\n",
      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
      "import numpy as np\n",
      "# Given data\n",
      "R = 133 # in kohm\n",
      "R = R *10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "C = 0.1 # in \u00b5F\n",
      "C = 0.1 * 10**-6 # in F\n",
      "Vi= 15 # in V\n",
      "plt.subplot(2,1,1)\n",
      "plt.plot([0,10],[1.5,1.5]) \n",
      "plt.ylabel(\"Vi in volts\")\n",
      "plt.xlabel(\"t\")\n",
      "plt.title(\"Input voltage\") \n",
      "t=np.arange(0,1,0.1)\n",
      "Vo= -1/(R*C)*t \n",
      "plt.subplot(2,1,2)\n",
      "plt.plot(t,Vo)\n",
      "plt.xlabel(\"t\") \n",
      "plt.ylabel(\"Vo in volts\") \n",
      "plt.title(\"Output voltage\")\n",
      "print \"\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "\n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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dXbt20bhxY/bu3cv06dP1Pp5RS4MUV9++fenbt6+xwzC6Tp065fslWt506NCB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\nIYTQiyQMIYQQevn/1U0AkpdVVxgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f36b41c4810>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.14\n",
      ": Page No 468"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "Rf = 250 # in kohm\n",
      "Vo= '-5*Va+3*Vb' # given expression\n",
      "# But output voltage of difference amplifier is \n",
      "# Vo= -Rf/R1*Va+(R2/(R1+R2))*(1+Rf/R1)*Vb      (i)\n",
      "# By comparing (i) with given expression\n",
      "R1 = Rf/5 # in kohm\n",
      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R1\n",
      "# (R2/(R1+R2))*(1+Rf/R1)= 3\n",
      "R2= 3*R1**2/(R1+Rf-3*R1) # in k\u03a9\n",
      "print \"The value of R2 = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R2\n",
      "\n",
      "# Note: There is calculation error to find the value of R2 in the book."
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The value of R1 = 50 k\u03a9\n",
        "The value of R2 = 50 k\u03a9\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.15\n",
      ": Page No 469"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "V_i1 = 150 # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V_i2 = 140 # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V_d = V_i1-V_i2 # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V_C = (1/2)*(V_i1+V_i2) # in \u00b5V\n",
      "print \"Part (i)\"\n",
      "CMRR = 100 \n",
      "A_d = 4000 \n",
      "V_o = (A_d * V_d)*(1+(1/CMRR)*(V_C/V_d)) # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V_o = V_o * 10**-3 # in mV\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.1f mV\" %V_o\n",
      "print \"Part(ii)\"\n",
      "CMRR = 10**5 \n",
      "V_o = (A_d * V_d)*(1+(1/CMRR)*(V_C/V_d)) # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V_o = V_o * 10**-3 # in mV\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.3f mV\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Part (i)\n",
        "The output voltage = 45.8 mV\n",
        "Part(ii)\n",
        "The output voltage = 40.006 mV\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.16\n",
      ": Page No 470"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 470 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R1 = 4.3 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R2 = 33 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R3 = R2 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "A1 = (1+R_f/R1) \n",
      "A2 = -(R_f/R2) \n",
      "A3 = -(R_f/R3) \n",
      "A = A1*A2*A3 \n",
      "V_i = 80 # in \u00b5V\n",
      "V_i= 80*10**-6 # in V\n",
      "V_o = A*V_i \n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output voltage = 1.79 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.18\n",
      ": Page No 472"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R4 = 300 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R2 = 150 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R3 = 10 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R1 = 10 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "V1 = 1 # in V\n",
      "V2 = 2 # in V\n",
      "V_o = ( (1+(R4/R2))*((R3/(R1+R3))*V1)-((R4/R2)*V2) ) # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output voltage = -2.5 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.19\n",
      ": Page No 472"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "V_o = 2 # in V\n",
      "R_i = 20 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R_f = 1 # in M\u03a9\n",
      "V_i = -((V_o*R_i)/R_f) # in mV\n",
      "print \"The input volatge = %0.f mV\" %V_i"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The input volatge = -40 mV\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.20\n",
      ": Page No 473"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 200 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "R_i = 30 # in k\u03a9\n",
      "V_i = 0.1 # in V\n",
      "V_im = 0.5 # in V\n",
      "Vo_min = -((R_f/R_i)*V_i) # in V\n",
      "print \"The minimum output voltage = %0.2f V\" %Vo_min\n",
      "Vo_max = -((R_f/R_i)*V_im) # in V\n",
      "print \"The minimum output voltage = %0.2f V\" %Vo_max\n",
      "print \"The output voltage range is : \",round(Vo_min,2),\"V to\",round(Vo_max,2),\"V\""
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The minimum output voltage = -0.67 V\n",
        "The minimum output voltage = -3.33 V\n",
        "The output voltage range is :  -0.67 V to -3.33 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.21\n",
      ": Page No 473"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 360 # in kohm\n",
      "R_i = 12 # in kohm\n",
      "V1 = - 0.3 # in V\n",
      "V_o = (1+(R_f/R_i))*V1 # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_o\n",
      "V_o1 = 2.4 # in V\n",
      "V_i = V_o1/(1+(R_f/R_i)) # in V\n",
      "print \"The input voltage = %0.2f mV\" %(V_i*10**3)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output voltage = -9.3 V\n",
        "The input voltage = 77.42 mV\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.22\n",
      ": Page No 474"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = -68 # in kohm\n",
      "R1 = 33 # in kohm\n",
      "R2 = 22 # in kohm\n",
      "R3 = 12 # in kohm\n",
      "V1 = 0.2 # in V\n",
      "V2 = - 0.5 # in V\n",
      "V3 = 0.8 # in V\n",
      "V_o = ((R_f/R1)*V1) + ((R_f/R2)*V2) + ((R_f/R3)*V3) # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.3f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The output voltage = -3.400 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.23\n",
      ": Page No 475"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 1.8 # in kohm\n",
      "R_f = R_f * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "R1 = 180 # in ohm\n",
      "A_v = (R_f/R1) \n",
      "print \"Closed loop gain = %0.f\" %A_v\n",
      "F = 1 # in MHz\n",
      "F = F * 10**6 # in Hz\n",
      "f2 = F/A_v # in Hz\n",
      "print \"Closed loop bandwidth = %0.f Hz\" %f2\n",
      "V_in = 25 # in mV\n",
      "V_in = V_in * 10**-3 # in V\n",
      "V_o = A_v*V_in # in V\n",
      "print \"The output voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_o"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Closed loop gain = 10\n",
        "Closed loop bandwidth = 100000 Hz\n",
        "The output voltage = 0.25 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 8.24\n",
      ": Page No 475 "
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from __future__ import division\n",
      "# Given data\n",
      "R_f = 3 # in K ohm\n",
      "R_f = R_f * 10**3 # in ohm\n",
      "R1 = 150 # in ohm\n",
      "A_v = (R_f/R1) + 1 \n",
      "print \"Close loop gain for inverting amplifier = %0.f\" %A_v\n",
      "f = 1 # in MHz\n",
      "f = f * 10**6 # in Hz\n",
      "f2 = f/A_v # in Hz\n",
      "f2 = f2 * 10**-3 # in KHz\n",
      "print \"The closed loop bandwidth = %0.2f KHz\" %f2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Close loop gain for inverting amplifier = 21\n",
        "The closed loop bandwidth = 47.62 KHz\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}