{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter 4 - Bipolar Junction Transistor"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 201 example 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "r1   =   19990.91 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alpha=0.98#\n",
    "vbe=0.7##base emitter voltage volt\n",
    "ie=-4*10**-3##emitter current\n",
    "vc=12##colector voltage volt\n",
    "colr=3.3*10**3##ohms\n",
    "colCurrent=ie*(-alpha)#\n",
    "baseCurrent=0.02*ie#\n",
    "vbn=vbe+(-4*10**-3*100)#\n",
    "i2=-vbn/(10*10**3)#\n",
    "i1=-(baseCurrent+i2)#\n",
    "vcn=(vc-((colCurrent+i1)*colr))#\n",
    "v1=vcn-0.9#\n",
    "r1=v1/i1#\n",
    "print \"r1   =   %0.2f\"%(abs(r1)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 202 example 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "rb   =   21500.00 ohm\n",
      "rc   =   700.00 ohm\n",
      "rb at emitter resistance 100ohm   =   18950.00 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "colvoltag=12##volts\n",
    "vbe=5##volts\n",
    "colcur=10*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "vce=5##volts\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "ib=colcur/beta1#\n",
    "rb=(vbe-0.7)/ib#\n",
    "rc=(12-vbe)/colcur#\n",
    "#when 100ohm included\n",
    "print \"rb   =   %0.2f\"%(rb),\"ohm\"\n",
    "print \"rc   =   %0.2f\"%(rc),\"ohm\"\n",
    "rb=(vce-0.7-(colcur+ib)*beta1)/ib#\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"rb at emitter resistance 100ohm   =   %0.2f\"%(rb),\"ohm\"#correction in the book"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 205 example 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "max resistance   =   76562.50 ohm\n",
      "baseresistance   =   100000.00 ohm\n",
      "temperature   =   46.70 celsius\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from math import log\n",
    "#given\n",
    "reveri=2*10**-6##ampere at 25\n",
    "icb=2*10**-6*2**5##ampere at 75\n",
    "basevoltag=5##volt\n",
    "#(1)\n",
    "rb=(-0.1+basevoltag)/(icb)#\n",
    "print \"max resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\"#correction in the book\n",
    "#(2)\n",
    "basevoltag=1#\n",
    "rb=100*10**3#\n",
    "reveri=(-0.1+basevoltag)/rb#\n",
    "q=reveri/(2*10**-6)#\n",
    "w=q**10#\n",
    "u=log(w)\n",
    "t=25+(u/log((2)))#\n",
    "print \"baseresistance   =   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "print \"temperature   =   %0.2f\"%((t)),\"celsius\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 205 example 6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "min resistance   =   3769.23 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#given\n",
    "vbe=0.8##volt\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "vce=0.2##volt\n",
    "rb=200*10**3##ohm\n",
    "bascur=(6-vbe)/rb#\n",
    "colres=(10-vce)/(beta1*bascur)#\n",
    "print \"min resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((colres)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 206 example 7"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "in saturation mode\n",
      "vo   =   3.51 volt\n",
      "emitter resistance   <   688.58 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "colres=3*10**3##collector resistance #ohm\n",
    "rb=8*10**3##ohm\n",
    "r1=500##ohm\n",
    "voltag=5##volt\n",
    "#(1)\n",
    "ib=(-voltag+0.7)/((1+beta1)*r1+(rb))#\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "vce=(-10-ic*(colres)+r1*(ib+ic))#\n",
    "vcb=vce+0.7#\n",
    "#(2)\n",
    "volmin=-0.2+abs(ib+ic)*r1#\n",
    "re=-(0.7+rb*ib+voltag)/((1+(beta1))*ib)#\n",
    "print \"in saturation mode\"\n",
    "print \"vo   =   %0.2f\"%((volmin)),\"volt\"#correction in the book\n",
    "print \"emitter resistance   <   %0.2f\"%((re)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 207 example 9"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "the operating point at vbb   =   1.00 volt ic   =   2.50e-03 ampere vce   =   7.00  volt\n",
      "the operating point at vbb   =   12.00 volt ic   =   5.95e-03 ampere vce   =   -176.33  volt\n",
      "beta at saturation   =   6.32\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "vcc=12##volt\n",
    "rb=12*10**3##ohm\n",
    "colres=2*10**3##ohm\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "vb=0.7##volt\n",
    "vce=0.1##volt\n",
    "\n",
    "for q in range(1,3):\n",
    "    if q==1:\n",
    "        vbb=1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        vbb=12\n",
    "    \n",
    "    ib=(vbb-vb)/rb\n",
    "    ic=beta1*ib\n",
    "    ie=ic+ib\n",
    "    vce=vcc-ic*colres\n",
    "    if q==2 :\n",
    "        ic=(vcc-0.1)/colres\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "    print \"the operating point at vbb   =   %0.2f\"%((vbb)),\"volt ic   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere vce   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\" volt\"\n",
    "\n",
    "beta1=ic/ib#\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"beta at saturation   =   %0.2f\"%((beta1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 208 example 11"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "current   =   1.00e-03 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "vbe=0.65##volt\n",
    "colres=2*10**3##ohm\n",
    "voltag=10##volt\n",
    "i1=voltag/10#\n",
    "q=(1.65-vbe)/(1*10**3)#\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"current   =   %0.2e\"%((q)),\"ampere\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 208 example 12"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "vce   =   5.70 volt\n",
      "collector current   =   1.05e-03 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "vcc=12##volt\n",
    "r1=10*10**3##ohm\n",
    "colres=1*10**3##ohm\n",
    "re=5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "rb=5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "vbe=0.7##volt\n",
    "basvol=vcc*10/20#\n",
    "ib=((basvol-vbe)/(rb+beta1*rb))#\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "vce=vcc-ic*(colres+re)#\n",
    "print \"vce   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\"\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 209 example 13"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "r1   =   4.22 times r2\n",
      "if r2 is 1200ohm\n",
      "r1   =   5061.77 ohm\n",
      "r2   =   1200.00 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "colres=330##ohm\n",
    "re=0.1*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vcc=12##volt\n",
    "vce=0.2##volt\n",
    "revcur=18*10**-3#ampere\n",
    "ib=0.3*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "stability=10#\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "colres=0.330##ohm\n",
    "re=0.1*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vbe=0.2#\n",
    "rb=(((1+beta1)*re)/10-((1+beta1)*re))/(1-10.1)#\n",
    "vb=2+ib*rb#\n",
    "w=vcc/vb#\n",
    "q=w-1#\n",
    "r1=1.2*10**3#\n",
    "r=q*1.2*10**3#\n",
    "print \"r1   =   %0.2f\"%((q)),\"times r2\"\n",
    "print \"if r2 is 1200ohm\"\n",
    "print \"r1   =   %0.2f\"%((r)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"r2   =   %0.2f\"%((r1)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 210 example 14"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "collector current   =   2.49e-03 ampere\n",
      "emitter current   =   2.52e-03 ampere\n",
      "collector current with ib   =   2.47e-03 ampere\n",
      "emitter current   =   2.50e-03 ampere\n",
      "error   =   7.94e-03\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alpha1=0.99#\n",
    "ib=25*10**-6##ampere\n",
    "icb=200*10**-9##ampere\n",
    "beta1=alpha1/(1-alpha1)#\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib+(beta1+1)*icb#\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "ie1=(ic-icb)/alpha1#\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((ie1)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "print \"collector current with ib   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "ie=ic/alpha1#\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((ie)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "w=(ie1-ie)/ie1#\n",
    "print \"error   =   %0.2e\"%((w))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 211 example 15"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "resistance   =   381879.22 ohm\n",
      "stability   =   22.62\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "vcc=26##volt\n",
    "colres=20*10**3##ohm\n",
    "re=470##ohm\n",
    "beta1=45#\n",
    "vce=8##volt\n",
    "ib=(vcc-vce)/((1+beta1)*(colres+re))#\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "r1=((vcc-colres*(ib+ic)-re*(ib+ic)-(0.7)))/ib#\n",
    "print \"resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((r1)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "stability=(1+beta1)/(1+(beta1*re)/(re+colres))#\n",
    "print \"stability   =   %0.2f\"%((stability))\n",
    "#correction required in the book"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 211 example 16"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "current   =   6.69e-04 ampere\n",
      "vce   =   2.69 volt\n",
      "resistance   =   6.90e+02 ohm\n",
      "current   =   6.36e-04 ampere\n",
      "vce   =   2.63 volt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "vcc=1.5#volt in book should be changed as 1.5\n",
    "colres=1.5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "emresi=0.27*10**3##ohm\n",
    "r1=2.7*10**3##ohm\n",
    "r=2.7*10**3##ohm\n",
    "beta1=45#\n",
    "basre1=690##ohm\n",
    "voltag=r*vcc/(r*r1)#\n",
    "basres=(r*r1)/(r+r1)#\n",
    "vbe=0.2#\n",
    "for q in range (1,3):\n",
    "    if q==2 :\n",
    "        print \"resistance   =   %0.2e\"%((basre1)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "        basres=basres+basre1\n",
    "    \n",
    "    bascur=(((voltag+vbe)))/(basres+(45*(emresi)))\n",
    "    colcur=beta1*bascur\n",
    "    vce=(vcc+colcur*colres+(bascur+colcur)*emresi)\n",
    "    print \"current   =   %0.2e\"%((colcur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "    print \"vce   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\"\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 212 example 17"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "base resistance   =   62500.00 ohm\n",
      "stability   =   26.00\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "beta1=25#\n",
    "colres=2.5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vcc=10##volt\n",
    "vce=-5##volt\n",
    "ic=-(vcc+vce)/colres#\n",
    "ib=ic/beta1#\n",
    "rb=vce/ib#\n",
    "stability=(1+beta1)/((1+beta1)*((colres)/(colres+rb)))#\n",
    "print \"base resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\"#correction in book\n",
    "print \"stability   =   %0.2f\"%((stability))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 212 example 18"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "junction temperature   =   51.00 celsius\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "therre=8##celsius per watts\n",
    "tepera=27##celsius ambient temperature\n",
    "potran=3##watt\n",
    "tejunc=tepera+(therre*potran)#\n",
    "print \"junction temperature   =   %0.2f\"%((tejunc)),\"celsius\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 213 example 19"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "dissipation   =   9.75 watt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "ambtep=40##celsius\n",
    "juntep=160##celsius\n",
    "hs_a=8#\n",
    "j_c=5#\n",
    "c_a=85#\n",
    "j_a=(j_c)+(c_a*hs_a)/(c_a+hs_a)#\n",
    "podiss=(juntep-ambtep)/j_a#\n",
    "print \"dissipation   =   %0.2f\"%((podiss)),\"watt\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 213 example 21"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "alpha   =   0.99\n",
      "beta   =   199.00\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "emicur=1*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "colcur=0.995*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "alpha1=colcur/emicur#\n",
    "beta1=alpha1/(1-alpha1)#\n",
    "print \"alpha   =   %0.2f\"%((alpha1))\n",
    "print \"beta   =   %0.2f\"%((beta1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 213 example 22"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "alpha   =   0.99\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "alpha1=beta1/(beta1+1)#\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"alpha   =   %0.2f\"%((alpha1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 213 example.23"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ic   =   0.0067 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "rb=200*10**3##ohm\n",
    "rc=2*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vcc=20##volt\n",
    "ib=(vcc)/(rb+200*rc)#\n",
    "ic=200*ib#\n",
    "print \"ic   =   %0.4f\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "#correction required in book"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 214 example 24"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "collector current   =   9.81e-04 ampere\n",
      "base current   =   1.90e-05 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "alpha1=0.98#\n",
    "revcur=1*10**-6##ampere\n",
    "emicur=1*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "colcur=alpha1*emicur+revcur#\n",
    "bascur=emicur-colcur#\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((colcur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"base current   =   %0.2e\"%((bascur)),\"ampere\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 214 example 25"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "vce   =   8.00 volt\n",
      "emitter resistance   =   50.00 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "colcur=100*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "ouresi=20##ohm\n",
    "r=200##ohm\n",
    "r1=100##ohm\n",
    "vcc=15##volt\n",
    "basvol=((r1)/(r+r1))*vcc#\n",
    "em1res=basvol/colcur#\n",
    "vce=vcc-(ouresi+em1res)*colcur#\n",
    "print \"vce   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\"\n",
    "print \"emitter resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((em1res)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 214 example 26"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "emitter current   =   0.019 ampere\n",
      "collector to emitter   =   3.112 volt\n",
      "collector to emitter   =   -15.18 volt\n",
      "collector current   =   0.005 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "colres=1*10**3##ohm\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "vbe=0.3##volt\n",
    "vcc=6##volt\n",
    "rb=10*10**3##ohm\n",
    "re=100##ohm\n",
    "em1cur=((vcc-vbe)*(beta1+1))/((rb+((beta1+1)*re)))#\n",
    "for q in range(1,3):\n",
    "    if q==2 :\n",
    "        colres=1*10**3#\n",
    "        vce=vcc-(colres+re)*em1cur#\n",
    "        ic=vcc/(colres+re)#\n",
    "        print \"collector to emitter   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\"\n",
    "        print \"collector current   =   %0.3f\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if q==1 :\n",
    "        colres=50#\n",
    "        rb=100#\n",
    "        vce=vcc-(colres+rb)*em1cur#\n",
    "        print \"emitter current   =   %0.3f\"%((em1cur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "        print \"collector to emitter   =   %0.3f\"%((vce)),\"volt\"\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 216 example 27"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "resistance   =   3928.57 ohm\n",
      "resistance r1    =   51281.87 ohm\n",
      "resistance r2   =   34645.75 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "beta1=99#\n",
    "stability=5#\n",
    "vbe=0.2##volt\n",
    "colres=2.5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vce=6##volt\n",
    "ven=5.5##volt\n",
    "vcc=15##volt\n",
    "vcn=vce+ven#\n",
    "colvol=vcc-vcn##voltage across collector resistance\n",
    "ic=colvol/colres#\n",
    "ib=ic/beta1#\n",
    "colre1=ven/ic#\n",
    "rb=stability*colre1/(1-(stability/(1+beta1)))##correction in the book taken collector resistance as 3.13*10**3ohm but it is 3.93*10**3ohm\n",
    "v1=(ib*rb)+(vbe)+((ib+ic)*colre1)#\n",
    "r=rb*vcc/v1#\n",
    "r1=r*v1/(vcc-v1)#\n",
    "print \"resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((colre1)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "print \"resistance r1    =   %0.2f\"%((r)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "print \"resistance r2   =   %0.2f\"%((r1)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 216 example 28"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "base current   =   -4.22e-05 ampere\n",
      "collector current   =   -2.11e-03 ampere\n",
      "emitter current   =   -2.15e-03 ampere\n",
      "vcb   =   5.99 volt\n",
      "the collector base junction is reverse biased the transistor in active region\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "vbb=5##volt\n",
    "rb=10*10**3##ohm\n",
    "colres=800##ohm\n",
    "re=1.8*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vcc=5##volt\n",
    "ib=(0.7-vbb)/((rb)+(beta1+1)*re)##correction in book\n",
    "re=beta1*ib#\n",
    "ie=(ib+re)#\n",
    "vce=vcc-colres*re-re*ie#\n",
    "vcb=(vce-0.7)#\n",
    "print \"base current   =   %0.2e\"%((ib)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((re)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((ie)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"vcb   =   %0.2f\"%((vcb)),\"volt\"#correction in book\n",
    "print \"the collector base junction is reverse biased the transistor in active region\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 217 example 29"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "collector current   =   9.49e-04 ampere\n",
      "collector emitter voltage   =   6.31 volt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "r=40*10**3##ohm\n",
    "r1=5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "colres=r1#\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "em1res=1*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vcc=12##volt\n",
    "rth=r*r1/(r+r1)#\n",
    "v1=r1*vcc/(r1+r)#\n",
    "bascur=(v1-0.3)/(rth+(beta1*em1res))#\n",
    "colcur=beta1*bascur#\n",
    "vce=vcc-(colres+em1res)*colcur#\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((colcur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"collector emitter voltage   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 217 example 30"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " base resistance   =   49500 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "colcur=8*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "re=500##ohm\n",
    "vce=3##volt\n",
    "beta1=80#\n",
    "vcc=9##volt\n",
    "ib=colcur/beta1#\n",
    "rb=(vcc-(1+beta1)*(ib*re))/ib#\n",
    "print \" base resistance   =   %0.f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 217 example 31"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "base current   =   9.08e-06 ampere\n",
      "collector current   =   9.08e-04 ampere\n",
      "emitter current   =   9.17e-04 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "vcc=10##volt\n",
    "basres=1*10**6##ohm\n",
    "colres=2*10**3##ohm\n",
    "em1res=1*10**3##ohm\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "bascur=vcc/(basres+(beta1+1)*(em1res))#\n",
    "colcur=beta1*bascur#\n",
    "em1cur=colcur+bascur#\n",
    "print \"base current   =   %0.2e\"%((bascur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((colcur)),\"ampere\"#correction in book\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((em1cur)),\"ampere\"#correction in book"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 218 example 32"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "collector current   =   1.98e-03 ampere\n",
      "emitter current   =   -2.00e-03 ampere\n",
      "collector emitter voltage   =   5.34 volt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "alpha1=0.99#\n",
    "rebacu=1*10**-11##ampere\n",
    "colres=2*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vcc=10##volt\n",
    "bascur=20*10**-6##ampere\n",
    "beta1=alpha1/(1-alpha1)#\n",
    "i1=(1+beta1)*rebacu#\n",
    "colcur=beta1*bascur+i1#\n",
    "em1cur=-(bascur+colcur)#\n",
    "vcb=vcc-colcur*colres#\n",
    "vce=vcb-0.7#\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((colcur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((em1cur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"collector emitter voltage   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 220 example 33"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "base current   =   2.15e-05 ampere\n",
      "collector current   =   2.15e-03 ampere\n",
      "emitter current   =   2.17e-03 ampere\n",
      "base current   =   2.56e-05 ampere\n",
      "collector current   =   2.56e-03 ampere\n",
      "emitter current   =   2.59e-03 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "revcur=20*10**-9##ampere\n",
    "colres=3*10**3##ohm\n",
    "rb=200*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vbb=5##volt\n",
    "vcc=11##volt\n",
    "em1res=2*10**3##ohm\n",
    "ib=(vbb-0.7)/rb#\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "ie=ib+ic#\n",
    "print \"base current   =   %0.2e\"%((ib)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((ie)),\"ampere\"#question asked only currents\n",
    "#2*10**3 ohm added to emitter\n",
    "ib=-(0.7-vcc)/(rb+((1+beta1)*em1res))#\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "ie=ib+ic#\n",
    "print \"base current   =   %0.2e\"%((ib)),\"ampere\"#correction in book\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((ie)),\"ampere\"#question asked only currents"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 221 example 34"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "emitter current   =   2.00e-03 ampere\n",
      "collector current   =   2.00e-03 ampere\n",
      "voltage   =   10.00 volt\n",
      "vcb   =   2.00 volt\n",
      "emitter resistance   =   6000.00 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "em1cur=2*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "v1=12##volt\n",
    "vcc=12##volt\n",
    "format(12)#\n",
    "colres=5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "em1res=v1/em1cur#\n",
    "colcur=em1cur#\n",
    "voltag=colcur*colres##ic*r\n",
    "v1=vcc-(colres*colcur)#\n",
    "print \"emitter current   =   %0.2e\"%((em1cur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"collector current   =   %0.2e\"%((colcur)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"voltage   =   %0.2f\"%((voltag)),\"volt\"\n",
    "print \"vcb   =   %0.2f\"%(abs(v1)),\"volt\"\n",
    "print \"emitter resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((em1res)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 221 example 35"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "resistance at 0.0 volt   80000.00 ohm\n",
      "resistance at 0.70 volt   66000.00 ohm\n",
      "vbb at 12volt\n",
      "resistance at 0.00 volt   240000.00 ohm\n",
      "resistance at 0.70 volt   226000.00 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "vbb=4##volt\n",
    "ib=50*10**-6##ampere\n",
    "for q in [0, 0.7, 4, 12]:\n",
    "    if q==0 :\n",
    "        rb=(vbb-q)/ib#\n",
    "        print \"resistance at %0.1f\"%((q)),\"volt   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "    elif q==0.7:\n",
    "        rb=(vbb-q)/ib\n",
    "        print \"resistance at %0.2f\"%((q)),\"volt   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "    elif q==4:\n",
    "        print \"vbb at 12volt\"\n",
    "        q=0\n",
    "        vbb=12\n",
    "        rb=(vbb-q)/ib\n",
    "        print \"resistance at %0.2f\"%((q)),\"volt   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        q=0.7#\n",
    "        vbb=12#\n",
    "        rb=(vbb-q)/ib#\n",
    "        \n",
    "        \n",
    "        print \"resistance at %0.2f\"%((q)),\"volt   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 222 example 36"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "beta   =   99.96\n",
      "ie   =   0.005 ampere\n",
      "alpha   =   1.00\n",
      "ib   =   9.80e-05 ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "ic=5.2*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "ib=50*10**-6##ampere\n",
    "icb=2*10**-6##ampere\n",
    "beta1=(ic-icb)/(ib+icb)#\n",
    "print \"beta   =   %0.2f\"%((beta1))\n",
    "ie=ib+ic#\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"ie   =   %0.3f\"%((ie)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "alpha1=(ic-icb)/ic#\n",
    "print \"alpha   =   %0.2f\"%((alpha1))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "ic=10*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "ib=(ic-(beta1+1)*(icb))/beta1#\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print \"ib   =   %0.2e\"%((ib)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "#correction required in the book"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 222 example 37"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "collector current at beta 160.00    =   1.07e-03 ampere\n",
      "vce at beta 160.00    =   -5.69 volt\n",
      "collector current at beta 80.00    =   1.07e-03 ampere\n",
      "vce at beta 80.00    =   -3.03 volt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "beta1=160\n",
    "vb=-0.8##volt\n",
    "re=2.5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "vcc=10##volt\n",
    "for q in [160, 80]:\n",
    "    ib=(vcc-vb)*10**2/((re)*(1+q)*400)#\n",
    "    ic=q*ib#\n",
    "    colres=1.5*10**3##ohm\n",
    "    print \"collector current at beta %0.2f\"%((q)),\"   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "    #correction required in the book\n",
    "    ie=(1+beta1)*ib#\n",
    "    vce=-(vcc-colres*ic-re*ie)#\n",
    "    print \"vce at beta %0.2f\"%((q)),\"   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\"\n",
    "    #correction required in the book"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 222 example 38"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "rb   =   630000.00  ohm\n",
      "stability   =   56.51\n",
      "new point\n",
      "ic   =   6.42e-04  ampere\n",
      "vce   =   8.79  volt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "vb=0.7##volt\n",
    "vce=7##volt\n",
    "ic=1*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "vcc=12##volt\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "colres=(vcc-vce)/ic#\n",
    "ib=ic/beta1#\n",
    "#rb\n",
    "rb=(vcc-vb-ic*colres)/ib#\n",
    "print \"rb   =   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\" ohm\"\n",
    "#stability\n",
    "stability=(1+beta1)/(1+beta1*(colres/(colres+rb)))#\n",
    "print \"stability   =   %0.2f\"%((stability))\n",
    "#beta=50\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "print \"new point\"\n",
    "ib=(vcc-vb)/(beta1*colres+rb)#\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "print \"ic   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\" ampere\"\n",
    "vce=vcc-(ic*colres)#\n",
    "print \"vce   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\" volt\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 223 example 39"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "new point\n",
      "vce   =   4.21  volt\n",
      "ic   =   1.93e-03  ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "vcc=16##volt\n",
    "colres=3*10**3##ohm\n",
    "re=2*10**3##ohm\n",
    "r1=56*10**3##ohm\n",
    "r2=20*10**3##ohm\n",
    "alpha1=0.985#\n",
    "vb=0.3##volt\n",
    "#coordinates\n",
    "beta1=alpha1/(1-alpha1)#\n",
    "v1=vcc*r2/(r1+r2)#\n",
    "rb=r2/(r1+r2)#\n",
    "ic=(v1-vb)/((rb/beta1)+(re/beta1)+re)#\n",
    "print \"new point\"\n",
    "print \"vce   =   %0.2f\"%((v1)),\" volt\"\n",
    "print \"ic   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\" ampere\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 224 example 40"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "re   =   1300.00  ohm\n",
      "r1   =   26233.18  ohm\n",
      "r2   =   3725.66  ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "vce=12##volt\n",
    "ic=2*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "vcc=24##volt\n",
    "vb=0.7##volt\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "colres=4.7*10**3##ohm\n",
    "#re\n",
    "re=((vcc-vce)/(ic))-colres#\n",
    "print \"re   =   %0.2f\"%((re)),\" ohm\"\n",
    "#r1\n",
    "ib=ic/beta1#\n",
    "v1=ib*3.25*10**3+vb+(ib+1.5*10**3)#\n",
    "r1=3.25*18*10**3/2.23#\n",
    "print \"r1   =   %0.2f\"%((r1)),\" ohm\"\n",
    "#r2\n",
    "r2=26.23*2.23*10**3/(18-2.3)#\n",
    "print \"r2   =   %0.2f\"%((r2)),\" ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 225 example 41"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ib   =   2.87e-05  ampere\n",
      "ic   =   3.58e-03  ampere\n",
      "ie   =   3.61e-03  ampere\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "colres=3*10**3##ohm\n",
    "rb=150*10**3##ohm\n",
    "beta1=125#\n",
    "vcc=10##volt\n",
    "v1=5##volt\n",
    "vb=0.7##volt\n",
    "ib=(v1-vb)/rb#\n",
    "print \"ib   =   %0.2e\"%((ib)),\" ampere\"\n",
    "ic=beta1*ib#\n",
    "ie=ic+ib#\n",
    "print \"ic   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\" ampere\"\n",
    "print \"ie   =   %0.2e\"%((ie)),\" ampere\"#correction in the book in question to find only currents"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 226 example 42"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "re   =   1033.33 ohm\n",
      "rb   =   4485.11 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "vb=0.6##volt\n",
    "vcc=18##volt\n",
    "colres=4.3*10**3##ohm\n",
    "ic=1.5*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "vce=10##volt\n",
    "stability=4#\n",
    "r1=(vcc-vce)/ic#\n",
    "re=r1-colres#\n",
    "w=(beta1+1)*(stability)*re/(1+beta1-stability)#\n",
    "print \"re   =   %0.2f\"%((re)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "print \"rb   =   %0.2f\"%((w)),\"ohm\"#correction in the book"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 226 example 43"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "r1   =   3.8*r2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "re=100##ohm\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "rb=1*10**3##ohm\n",
    "stability=(1+beta1)/(1+beta1*(re/(re+rb)))#\n",
    "r1=3.8#r2\n",
    "print \"r1   =   3.8*r2\"#correction in the book not given in question"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 228 example 45"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "rb at 75 celsius   =   14062.50 ohm\n",
      "icb   =   1.80e-05 ampere\n",
      "temperature at which current till max   =   58.40 celsius\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "from math import log10\n",
    "icb=2*10**-6##ampere\n",
    "vbb=1##volt\n",
    "r1=50*10**3##ohm\n",
    "#current increases every 10celsius rb at 75celsius\n",
    "vb=-0.1##volt\n",
    "icb=2**6*10**-6##at 75celsius\n",
    "rb=(vb+vbb)/icb#\n",
    "print \"rb at 75 celsius   =   %0.2f\"%((rb)),\"ohm\"\n",
    "icb=(vb+vbb)/r1#\n",
    "print \"icb   =   %0.2e\"%((icb)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "w=(log10(icb*10**6)*20/log10(2))-25#\n",
    "print \"temperature at which current till max   =   %0.2f\"%((w)),\"celsius\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 228 example 46"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "min collector resistance   =   4558.14 ohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "vb=0.8##volt\n",
    "beta1=100#\n",
    "vce=0.2##volt\n",
    "vcc=10##volt\n",
    "rb=200*10**3##ohm\n",
    "#collector resistance\n",
    "ib=(5-0.7)/rb#\n",
    "colres=(vcc-vce)/(beta1*ib)#\n",
    "print \"min collector resistance   =   %0.2f\"%((colres)),\"ohm\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## PageNumber 229 example 47"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ib2   =   4.00e-03 ampere\n",
      "ie1   =   -4.00e-03 ampere\n",
      "ic2   =   9.60e-02 ampere\n",
      "ib1   =   8.00e-05 ampere\n",
      "ic1   =   3.92e-03 ampere\n",
      "ic   =   9.99e-02 ampere\n",
      "ic/ib   =   1249.00\n",
      "ic/ie   =   -1.00\n",
      "vce   =   12.01 volt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "alpha1=0.98#\n",
    "alph11=0.96#\n",
    "vcc=24##volt\n",
    "colres=120##ohm\n",
    "ie=100*10**-3##ampere\n",
    "beta1=alpha1/(1-alpha1)#\n",
    "bet11=alph11/(1-alph11)#\n",
    "ib2=ie/(1+bet11)#\n",
    "ie1=-ib2#\n",
    "print \"ib2   =   %0.2e\"%((ib2)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"ie1   =   %0.2e\"%((ie1)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "ic2=bet11*ib2#\n",
    "ib1=ib2/(1+beta1)#\n",
    "ic1=beta1*ib1#\n",
    "print \"ic2   =   %0.2e\"%((ic2)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"ib1   =   %0.2e\"%((ib1)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"ic1   =   %0.2e\"%((ic1)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "ic=ic1+ic2#\n",
    "vce=vcc-ic*colres#\n",
    "ib=ib1#\n",
    "w=ic/ib#\n",
    "q=-ic/ie#\n",
    "print \"ic   =   %0.2e\"%((ic)),\"ampere\"\n",
    "print \"ic/ib   =   %0.2f\"%((w))\n",
    "print \"ic/ie   =   %0.2f\"%((q))\n",
    "#correction required in the book\n",
    "print \"vce   =   %0.2f\"%((vce)),\"volt\""
   ]
  }
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