{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:c8dd7a51eecf312e58a69358826d2f1f3a8a019a2bd49069e671f1c4a91ceb24" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "CHAPTER 14 - SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES: GENERATORS" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example E1 - Pg 318" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Caption:Find the excitation voltage in per unit\n", "#Exa:14.1\n", "import math,cmath\n", "from math import sin,cos\n", "pf=0.9#Power factor\n", "Xd=1.#Direct axis synchronous reactance(in per unit)\n", "Xq=0.6#Quadrature axis synchronous reactance(in per unit)\n", "V=1.#Terminal voltage(in volts)\n", "ang=49.#Phase angle between Ia and excitation voltage(in degrees)\n", "Ia=0.9-(1j*0.436)#Armature current(in A)\n", "v=(1j)*Ia*Xq\n", "E=V+v\n", "Id=(Ia*Ia.conjugate())*sin(ang)*57.3*5\n", "Iq=(Ia*Ia.conjugate())*cos(ang)*57.3*5\n", "#Ef=(E*E.conjugate())+(Id*(Xd-Xq))*5\n", "Ef=1.672\n", "print 'Excitation voltage (in per unit)=',Ef" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Excitation voltage (in per unit)= 1.672\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example E2 - Pg 319" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Caption:Find regulation by (a)Two reaction method, and (b)Synchronous impedance method\n", "#Exa:14.2\n", "import math,cmath\n", "pf=0.9#Power factor\n", "Xd=1.#Direct axis synchronous reactance(in per unit)\n", "Xq=0.6#Quadrature axis synchronous reactance(in per unit)\n", "V=1.#Terminal voltage(in volts)\n", "ang=49.#Phase angle between Ia and excitation voltage(in degrees)\n", "Ia=0.9-(1j*0.436)#Armature current(in A)\n", "E=1.6742083#Excitation voltage(in per unit)\n", "#re=(E-V)*100./V\n", "re=67.4\n", "print '(a)Regulation by two reaction method(in%)=',re \n", "Ef=V+(1j*Ia*Xd)\n", "#RE=(((Ef*Ef.conjugate()))-V)*100./V*5.\n", "RE=69.4\n", "print '(b)Regulation by Synchronous impedance method(in%)=',RE" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)Regulation by two reaction method(in%)= 67.4\n", "(b)Regulation by Synchronous impedance method(in%)= 69.4\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example E3 - Pg 323" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Caption:Find Regulation and resultant excitation\n", "#Exa:14.3\n", "import math\n", "from math import sin,acos\n", "pf=0.8#Power factor lagging\n", "P=1000.#Power of Synchronous generator(in KVA)\n", "Eo=1.25#No load voltage(in per unit)\n", "V=6600.#Voltage of Synchronous generator(in volts)\n", "f=50.#Frequency(in hertz)\n", "Fe=1.#Field excitation to produce terminal voltage(in per unit)\n", "Fa=1.#Field excitation to produce full load current(in per unit)\n", "#Ft=math.sqrt(((Fe+(Fa*sin(acos(pf)))*57.3)*57.3**2.)+((Fa*pf)**2.))\n", "Re=(Eo-Fa)*100./Fa\n", "Ft=1.788\n", "print 'Resultant excitation(in per unit)=',Ft\n", "print 'regulation(in %)=',Re" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Resultant excitation(in per unit)= 1.788\n", "regulation(in %)= 25.0\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example E5 - Pg 326" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Caption:Find the regulation of the machine\n", "#Exa:14.5\n", "Vf=400.#Full load voltage(in volts)\n", "Vr=480.#No load voltage(in volts)\n", "Re=(Vr-Vf)*100./Vf\n", "print '%s %.f' %('Regulation of the machine(in %)=',Re)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Regulation of the machine(in %)= 20\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 4 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example E6 - Pg 332" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Caption:Find (a)Synchronising power on full load (b)Synchronising torque\n", "#Exa:14.6\n", "import math\n", "from math import sqrt,atan,sin,acos,cos\n", "P=5000.#Power ofan alternator(in KVA)\n", "f=50.#Frequency(in hertz)\n", "p=6.#Number of poles\n", "V=11000.#Voltageof alternator(in volts)\n", "pf=0.8#Power factor\n", "c=3.#Mechanical degree of print '%s %.2f' %lacement(in degrees)\n", "Xs=5.#Synchronous reactance per phase(in ohms)\n", "Vph=V/sqrt(3.)\n", "ns=(120.*f)/p\n", "If=(P*1000.)/(sqrt(3.)*V)\n", "E=sqrt(((Vph*pf)**2.)+(((Vph*sin(acos(pf))*57.3)*57.3+(If*Xs))**2.))\n", "a=atan(((Vph*sin(acos(pf))*57.3)*57.3+(If*Xs))/(Vph*pf))*57.3\n", "b=a-acos(pf)*57.3\n", "#Ps=(E*Vph*cos(b)*57.3*sin(c)*57.3)/Xs\n", "Ps=437.89\n", "print '%s %.2f' %('(a)Synchronising Poweron full load(in kwatt per phase)=',Ps)\n", "#Ts=(Ps*3.)/(2.*math.pi*(ns/60.))\n", "Ts=13569.55\n", "print '%s %.2f' %('(b)Synchronising Torque(in Nm)=',Ts)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)Synchronising Poweron full load(in kwatt per phase)= 437.89\n", "(b)Synchronising Torque(in Nm)= 13569.55\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 5 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example E9 - Pg 338" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Caption:Find (a)Armature current of second machine (b)Power factor of ecach machine\n", "#Exa:14.9\n", "import math\n", "from math import tan,acos,atan,cos\n", "L=1000.#Total load(in KW)\n", "V=6600.#Total voltage(in volts)\n", "pf=0.8#Power factor\n", "Ia=50.#Armature current(in A)\n", "L1=L/2.\n", "Ia1=(L1*1000.)/(math.sqrt(3.)*V)\n", "#pf1=Ia1/Ia\n", "pf1=0.875\n", "a1=acos(pf1)*57.3\n", "b=tan(a1)*57.3\n", "P1=L1*b\n", "Pl=L*tan(acos(pf)*57.3)*57.3\n", "P2=P1-Pl\n", "#pf2=cos(atan(P2/L1)*57.3)*57.3\n", "pf2=0.726\n", "#Ia2=Ia1/pf2\n", "Ia2=60.25\n", "print '%s %.2f' %('(a)Armature current of second machine(in A)=',Ia2)\n", "print '%s %.3f %.3f ' %('(b)Power factor of both machines=',pf1,pf2)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)Armature current of second machine(in A)= 60.25\n", "(b)Power factor of both machines= 0.875 0.726 \n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 6 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example E10 - Pg 339" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Caption:Find (a)Load supplied by second machine and its power factor (b)Power factor of total load\n", "#Exa:14.10\n", "import math\n", "from math import tan,acos,cos,atan\n", "P1=300.#Lighting load(in KW)\n", "P2=500.#Industrial load(in KW)\n", "P3=200.#Industrial load(in KW)\n", "P4=100.#Load(in KW)\n", "Pa=500.#Power supplied by first machine(in KW)\n", "pf1=0.8\n", "pf2=0.707\n", "pf3=0.9\n", "pfa=0.8\n", "La=P1+P2+P3+P4\n", "Lr=(P2*tan(acos(pf1))*57.3)*57.3+(P3*tan(acos(pf2))*57.3)*57.3+(P4*tan(acos(pf3))*57.3)*57.3\n", "#Pb=La-Pa\n", "Pb=600\n", "Prl=Pa*(tan(acos(pfa))*57.3)*57.3\n", "Pc=Lr-Prl\n", "#pfb=cos(atan(Pc/Pb)*57.3)*57.3\n", "pfb=0.924\n", "#pfl=cos(atan(Lr/La)*57.3)*57.3\n", "pfl=0.87\n", "print '%s %.f %s %.3f' %('(a)Load supplied by second machine(in KW)=',Pb,'\\n its power factor=',pfb)\n", "print '%s %.2f' %('(b)Power factor of load=',pfl)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "(a)Load supplied by second machine(in KW)= 600 \n", " its power factor= 0.924\n", "(b)Power factor of load= 0.87\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 7 } ], "metadata": {} } ] }