{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "",
  "signature": "sha256:01457b400cb26c0846fbd5ddd5063f407fdfab264a58fb8bca41c527415d193b"
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter 7 : Voltage Drop and Power Loss Calculations"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.2  Page No : 327"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "Vll = 416.;         #Voltage Line to Line\n",
      "Vph = Vll/(math.sqrt(3));         #Phase Voltage and Base Voltage\n",
      "#Load Currents\n",
      "Ia = 30.;\n",
      "Ib = 20.;\n",
      "Ic = 50.;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Power Factors of the load\n",
      "pfa = 1.;\n",
      "pfb = 0.5;\n",
      "pfc = 0.9;\n",
      "\n",
      "#Impedances of the Sections\n",
      "ZA = 0.05+(1j*0.01);\n",
      "ZAB = 0.1+(1j*0.02);\n",
      "ZBC = 0.05+(1j*0.05);\n",
      "#Impedance upto the point of load\n",
      "ZB = ZA+ZAB;\n",
      "ZC = ZB+ZBC;\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "#Function to Calculate Voltage Drop\n",
      "def VD(a,b,c):\n",
      "    return a*((b.real*c)+(b.imag*math.sin(math.acos(c))))\n",
      "\n",
      "#Voltage Drops at A,B and C\n",
      "VDA = VD(Ia,ZA,pfa);\n",
      "VDB = VD(Ib,ZB,pfb);\n",
      "VDC = VD(Ic,ZC,pfc);\n",
      "\n",
      "TVD = VDA+VDB+VDC;         #Total Voltage Drop\n",
      "\n",
      "TVDpu = TVD/Vph;         # In Per Unit\n",
      "\n",
      "def Real(y,z):\n",
      "    return  Vph*y*z         #Function to Calculate Real Power\n",
      "def Reactive(y,z):\n",
      "    return  Vph*y*math.sin(math.acos(z))         #Funtion to Calculate the Reactive power\n",
      "\n",
      "#Real Powers\n",
      "Pa = Real(Ia,pfa);\n",
      "Pb = Real(Ib,pfb);\n",
      "Pc = Real(Ic,pfc);\n",
      "P = Pa+Pb+Pc;         #Total Real Power\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#Reactive Powers\n",
      "Qa = Reactive(Ia,pfa);\n",
      "Qb = Reactive(Ib,pfb);\n",
      "Qc = Reactive(Ic,pfc);\n",
      "Q = Qa+Qb+Qc;         #Total Reactive Power\n",
      "\n",
      "S = math.sqrt((P**2)+(Q**2));         #Total output from the Transformer\n",
      "PF = P/S;         #Load Power Factor\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'a) The Total Voltage drop is %g pu'%(TVDpu)\n",
      "print 'b) The Real Power per Phase is %g kW'%(P/1000)\n",
      "print 'c) The Reactive Power per Phase is %g kVAr'%(Q/1000)\n",
      "print 'd) The Kilovoltampere output and load factor is %g kVA and %g lagging'%(S/1000,PF)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "a) The Total Voltage drop is 0.0593859 pu\n",
        "b) The Real Power per Phase is 20.4151 kW\n",
        "c) The Reactive Power per Phase is 9.39455 kVAr\n",
        "d) The Kilovoltampere output and load factor is 22.473 kVA and 0.90843 lagging\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.3  Page No : 329"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "pf = 0.9;         #Power Factor\n",
      "Vb = 120.;         #Base Voltage\n",
      "#From The Tables\n",
      "r = 0.334;         #Resismath.tance per thousand feet\n",
      "x = 0.0299;         #Reacmath.tance per thousand feet\n",
      "K1 = 0.02613;         #Voltage Drop\n",
      "\n",
      "#Assumed Cable\n",
      "I = 100.;         #Secodary line Current\n",
      "Ls = 100.;         #Length of Secondary line in feet\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "R = r*Ls/1000;         # Resismath.tance Value for a 100 feet Line\n",
      "X = x*Ls/1000;         # Reacmath.tance Value for a 100 feet Line\n",
      "\n",
      "VD = I*((R*pf)+(X*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))));         #Voltage Drop\n",
      "VDpu = VD/Vb;         #Per unit value\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'The Cable Selected is of 100 feet, carrying 100A and cable size         #2 AWG'\n",
      "print 'The Voltage drop for the above cable is %g pu V'%(VDpu)\n",
      "print 'The Above Value is Close to the Value%g pu V) in the table given.'%(K1)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The Cable Selected is of 100 feet, carrying 100A and cable size         #2 AWG\n",
        "The Voltage drop for the above cable is 0.0250696 pu V\n",
        "The Above Value is Close to the Value0.02613 pu V) in the table given.\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.4  Page No : 333"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "Sts = (10+(11*4.4));         #Load Selected on the transformer\n",
      "V = 240.;         #Voltage\n",
      "Sta = 50.;         #Available Unit\n",
      "pf = 0.9;         #Load Power Factor\n",
      "I = (Sts/V)/(Sta/V);\n",
      "\n",
      "VDT = I*((0.0107*pf)+(0.0139*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))));\n",
      "\n",
      "SLload = 10.+(3*6);\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "def VD(a,b,c):\n",
      "    return a*b*c/(10**4)         #Function to find Voltage Drop Per unit\n",
      "\n",
      "VDSL = VD(0.0088,116.7,150);\n",
      "VDSD = VD(0.01683,41.76,70);\n",
      "\n",
      "TVD = VDT+VDSL+VDSD;\n",
      "\n",
      "Is = 80.;\n",
      "Smotor = Is*V/1000;\n",
      "pf1 = 0.5;\n",
      "VDIPT = ((0.0107*pf1)+(0.0139*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf1)))))*(Smotor/Sta);\n",
      "\n",
      "VDIPSL = VD(0.00636,80,150);\n",
      "VDIPSD = VD(0.01089,80,70);\n",
      "TVDIP = VDIPT+VDIPSL+VDIPSD;\n",
      "\n",
      "VDSL1 = VD(0.00769,116.7,150);\n",
      "VDSD1 = VD(0.0136,41.6,70);\n",
      "TVD1 = VDT+VDSL1+VDSD1;\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'a The Voltage drops are:'\n",
      "print 'Transformer is %g pu V'%(VDT)\n",
      "print 'Secondary Lines is %g pu V'%(VDSL)\n",
      "print 'Service Drops is %g pu V'%(VDSD)\n",
      "print 'Total is %g pu V'%(TVD)\n",
      "print 'The Above Value doesn''t meet the required criterion'\n",
      "print 'b The Voltage dip for motor starting are:'\n",
      "print 'Transformer is %g pu V'%(VDIPT)\n",
      "print 'Secondary Lines is %g pu V'%(VDIPSL)\n",
      "print 'Service Drops is %g pu V'%(VDIPSD)\n",
      "print 'Total is %g pu V'%(TVDIP)\n",
      "print 'The Above Value does meet the required criterion'\n",
      "print 'C The Voltage drops after changing the conductors are:'\n",
      "print 'Transformer is %g pu V'%(VDT)\n",
      "print 'Secondary Lines is %g pu V'%(VDSL1)\n",
      "print 'Service Drops is %g pu V'%(VDSD1)\n",
      "print 'Total is %g pu V'%(TVD1)\n",
      "print 'The Above Value doesn''t meet the required criterion'\n",
      "print 'Thus 350 kcmilcable size for the secondary lines and        \\\n",
      " #2/0 AWG cable size for service drops to meet the criteria'\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "a The Voltage drops are:\n",
        "Transformer is 0.0113756 pu V\n",
        "Secondary Lines is 0.0154044 pu V\n",
        "Service Drops is 0.00491975 pu V\n",
        "Total is 0.0316998 pu V\n",
        "The Above Value doesnt meet the required criterion\n",
        "b The Voltage dip for motor starting are:\n",
        "Transformer is 0.00215195 pu V\n",
        "Secondary Lines is 0.007632 pu V\n",
        "Service Drops is 0.0060984 pu V\n",
        "Total is 0.0158824 pu V\n",
        "The Above Value does meet the required criterion\n",
        "C The Voltage drops after changing the conductors are:\n",
        "Transformer is 0.0113756 pu V\n",
        "Secondary Lines is 0.0134613 pu V\n",
        "Service Drops is 0.00396032 pu V\n",
        "Total is 0.0287973 pu V\n",
        "The Above Value doesnt meet the required criterion\n",
        "Thus 350 kcmilcable size for the secondary lines and         #2/0 AWG cable size for service drops to meet the criteria\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.5  Page No : 336"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "#Length in feet\n",
      "Lsd = 100.;         #Service Drop Line\n",
      "Lsl = 200.;         #Secondary Line\n",
      "\n",
      "SB = 75.;         #Transformer Capacity in kVA\n",
      "pf = 0.9;         #Load Power Factor\n",
      "\n",
      "#From the Tables\n",
      "ISL = 129.17;         #Secondary Line Current\n",
      "ISD = 41.67;         #Service Drop Current\n",
      "KSD = 0.01683;         #Service Drop Cable Consmath.tant\n",
      "KSL = 0.0136;         #Secondary Cable Consmath.tant\n",
      "\n",
      "#for Transformer\n",
      "R = 0.0101;         #Resismath.tance in per unit\n",
      "X = 0.0143;         #Reamath.tance in per unit\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "#From the Diagram\n",
      "ST = (3.+2+8+6)+(5+6+7+4)+(6+7+8+10);         #Total Load on transformer\n",
      "\n",
      "STpu = ST/SB;         #In Per unit;\n",
      "\n",
      "#The Above value also corresponds to the Current as Well\n",
      "\n",
      "I = STpu;         #Current in Per Unit\n",
      "\n",
      "VDT = I*((R*pf)+(X*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))));         #Voltage Drop in the Transformer\n",
      "VDSL = KSL*(Lsl*ISL/(10**4));         #Secondary Line\n",
      "VDSD = KSD*(Lsd*ISD/(10**4));         #Service Drop Line\n",
      "\n",
      "VD = VDT+VDSD+VDSL;         #Total Voltage Drop\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'a)The Load in transformer is %g kVA or %g pu'%(ST,STpu)\n",
      "print 'b) The Total Voltage Drop is %g pu V'%(VD)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "a)The Load in transformer is 72 kVA or 0.96 pu\n",
        "b) The Total Voltage Drop is 0.0509818 pu V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.7  Page No : 340"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "from numpy import exp\n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "An = 4.;         #Service Area\n",
      "l = 1.;         #Length of 0a\n",
      "#Voltages in kV \n",
      "Vll = 13.2;         #Line to line\n",
      "Vln = 7.62;         #Line to neutral\n",
      "\n",
      "#Peak Loading\n",
      "Dp = 1000.;         #Peak Loading Intensity per sq.miles\n",
      "Sl = 2000.;         #Lumped Load in kVA\n",
      "\n",
      "#Off Peak Loading\n",
      "Dop = 333.;         #Loading intensity\n",
      "\n",
      "VB = 7620.;         #Base Voltage\n",
      "\n",
      "Vs = 1.025;         #Substation Voltages\n",
      "\n",
      "Sn = Dp*An;         #Load Connected to the square shaped service area\n",
      "Sm = Sn+Sl;         #Total Load\n",
      "\n",
      "K = 0.0003;         #Cable Consmath.tant\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "VD0a = K*Sm*l;         #Voltage Drop between substation and a\n",
      "lab = 2;          #Dismath.tance from a to b\n",
      "VDab = (K*Sn*lab/2)+(K*Sl*lab);        #Voltage drop from b to c\n",
      "lbc = 2;         #Dismath.tance from b to c\n",
      "VDbc = 3*K*Sl*lbc;         #Voltage drop from b to c         #Change in Consmath.tant\n",
      "\n",
      "I = Sl/(math.sqrt(3)*(0.947*Vll));\n",
      "Ib = Sl/(math.sqrt(3)*(Vll));        #BAse Current\n",
      "\n",
      "MIpu = I/Ib;         #Per Unit Current\n",
      "\n",
      "Ztpu = complex(0,0.05);\n",
      "pf = 0.9;         #Load Power Factor\n",
      "\n",
      "Ipu = MIpu*exp(1j*math.pi*math.acos(pf)/180);\n",
      "\n",
      "#The Voltage has been tapped up 5 percent\n",
      "\n",
      "puVDcd = (abs(Ipu)*((Ztpu.real*pf)+(Ztpu.imag*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf))))))-0.05;\n",
      "VDcd = puVDcd*100;\n",
      "def volt(a,b):\n",
      "    return  (a-(b/100.))         #funtion to find out voltages\n",
      "\n",
      "#per unit Voltages\n",
      "puVa = volt(Vs,VD0a);\n",
      "puVb = volt(puVa,VDab);\n",
      "puVc = volt(puVb,VDbc);\n",
      "puVd = volt(puVc,VDcd);\n",
      "\n",
      "#Voltages in V\n",
      "Va = puVa*VB;\n",
      "Vb = puVb*VB;\n",
      "Vc = puVc*VB;\n",
      "Vd = puVd*VB;\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'a The Percentage drops are'\n",
      "print ' Substation to a is %g percent'%(VD0a);\n",
      "print ' a to b is %g percent'%(VDab);\n",
      "print ' b to c is %g percent'%(VDbc);\n",
      "print ' c to d is %g percent'%(VDcd);\n",
      "print 'b The Per unit voltages are:'\n",
      "print ' Point a is %g pu V'%(puVa)\n",
      "print ' Point b is %g pu V'%(puVb)\n",
      "print ' Point c is %g pu V'%(puVc)\n",
      "print ' Point d is %g pu V'%(puVd)\n",
      "print 'c The Line to Neutral voltages are:'\n",
      "print ' Point a is %g  V'%(Va)\n",
      "print ' Point b is %g  V'%(Vb)\n",
      "print ' Point c is %g  V'%(Vc)\n",
      "print ' Point d is %g  V'%(Vd)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "a The Percentage drops are\n",
        " Substation to a is 1.8 percent\n",
        " a to b is 2.4 percent\n",
        " b to c is 3.6 percent\n",
        " c to d is -4.95844 percent\n",
        "b The Per unit voltages are:\n",
        " Point a is 1.007 pu V\n",
        " Point b is 0.983 pu V\n",
        " Point c is 0.947 pu V\n",
        " Point d is 0.996584 pu V\n",
        "c The Line to Neutral voltages are:\n",
        " Point a is 7673.34  V\n",
        " Point b is 7490.46  V\n",
        " Point c is 7216.14  V\n",
        " Point d is 7593.97  V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.8  Page No : 340"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "#To determine the percent drop from the substation to various points\n",
      "#Page 340\n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "V0op = 1.;         #At off Peak\n",
      "An = 4.;         #Service Area\n",
      "l = 1.;         #Length of 0a\n",
      "#Voltages in kV \n",
      "Vll = 13.2;         #Line to line\n",
      "Vln = 7.62;         #Line to neutral\n",
      "\n",
      "#Peak Loading\n",
      "Dp = 1000.;         #Peak Loading Intensity per sq.miles\n",
      "Sl = 2000.;         #Lumped Load in kVA\n",
      "\n",
      "#Off Peak Loading\n",
      "Dop = 333.;         #Loading intensity\n",
      "\n",
      "VB = 7620.;         #Base Voltage\n",
      "\n",
      "Vs = 1.025;         #Substation Voltages\n",
      "\n",
      "Sn = Dop*An;         #Load Connected to the square shaped service area\n",
      "Sm = Sn+Sl;         #Total Load\n",
      "\n",
      "K = 0.0003;         #Cable Consmath.tant\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "VD0a = K*Sm*l;         #Voltage Drop between substation and a\n",
      "lab = 2.;          #Dismath.tance from a to b\n",
      "VDab = (K*Sn*lab/2)+(K*Sl*lab);        #Voltage drop from b to c\n",
      "lbc = 2.;         #Dismath.tance from b to c\n",
      "VDbc = 3*K*Sl*lbc;         #Voltage drop from b to c         #Change in Consmath.tant\n",
      "\n",
      "I = Sl/(math.sqrt(3)*(0.947*Vll));\n",
      "Ib = Sl/(math.sqrt(3)*(Vll));        #BAse Current\n",
      "\n",
      "MIpu = I/Ib;         #Per Unit Current\n",
      "\n",
      "Ztpu = complex(0,0.05);\n",
      "pf = 0.9;         #Load Power Factor\n",
      "\n",
      "Ipu = MIpu*exp(1j*math.pi*math.acos(pf)/180);\n",
      "\n",
      "#The Voltage has been tapped up 5 percent\n",
      "\n",
      "puVDcd = (abs(Ipu)*((Ztpu.real*pf)+(Ztpu.imag*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf))))))-0.05;\n",
      "VDcd = puVDcd*100;\n",
      "def volt(a,b):\n",
      "    return (a-(b/100))        #funtion to find out voltages\n",
      "\n",
      "#per unit Voltages\n",
      "puVa = volt(V0op,VD0a);\n",
      "puVb = volt(puVa,VDab);\n",
      "puVc = volt(puVb,VDbc);\n",
      "puVd = volt(puVc,VDcd);\n",
      "\n",
      "#Voltages in V\n",
      "Va = puVa*VB;\n",
      "Vb = puVb*VB;\n",
      "Vc = puVc*VB;\n",
      "Vd = puVd*VB;\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'a The Percentage drops are'\n",
      "print ' Substation to a is %g percent'%(VD0a);\n",
      "print ' a to b is %g percent'%(VDab);\n",
      "print ' b to c is %g percent'%(VDbc);\n",
      "print ' c to d is %g percent'%(VDcd);\n",
      "print 'b The Per unit voltages are:'\n",
      "print ' Point a is %g pu V'%(puVa)\n",
      "print ' Point b is %g pu V'%(puVb)\n",
      "print ' Point c is %g pu V'%(puVc)\n",
      "print ' Point d is %g pu V'%(puVd)\n",
      "print 'c The Line to Neutral voltages are:'\n",
      "print ' Point a is %g  V'%(Va)\n",
      "print ' Point b is %g  V'%(Vb)\n",
      "print ' Point c is %g  V'%(Vc)\n",
      "print ' Point d is %g  V'%(Vd)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "a The Percentage drops are\n",
        " Substation to a is 0.9996 percent\n",
        " a to b is 1.5996 percent\n",
        " b to c is 3.6 percent\n",
        " c to d is -4.95844 percent\n",
        "b The Per unit voltages are:\n",
        " Point a is 0.990004 pu V\n",
        " Point b is 0.974008 pu V\n",
        " Point c is 0.938008 pu V\n",
        " Point d is 0.987592 pu V\n",
        "c The Line to Neutral voltages are:\n",
        " Point a is 7543.83  V\n",
        " Point b is 7421.94  V\n",
        " Point c is 7147.62  V\n",
        " Point d is 7525.45  V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.9  Page No : 344"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "Vll = 13.2;         #Voltage in kV (Line voltage)\n",
      "TCDi = 0.45;         #Load Density in kVA per feet\n",
      "FD = 1.08;         #Diversity Factor for all loads\n",
      "FLS = 0.2;         #Annual Loss Factor\n",
      "DFi = 0.6;         #30 min Annual Demand Factor\n",
      "\n",
      "Dg = TCDi*DFi/FD;         #Divesified Maximum Demand of the Group\n",
      "\n",
      "L = 30000;         #Length of the Whole Feeder in Feet\n",
      "\n",
      "#To Achieve Minimum Voltage Drop, The Substation must be located at the centre of the line \n",
      "Ln = 15000.;         #NEW Length of the Feeder\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "SPK = Dg*Ln;         #Peak Load on each main of the substation trnasformer\n",
      "I = (SPK/(math.sqrt(3)*Vll));         #Current in the Line\n",
      "\n",
      "K = 0.0009;         #For the Assumed Conductor\n",
      "VD = K*SPK*Ln/(2*5280);         #Voltage Drop, Is divided by 5280, to convert the length in miles\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'a) To Achieve Minimum Voltage Drop, The Substation is Placed at the Centre of the Line,\\\n",
      " and For a Current of %g A following in it,         #4 AWG or         #2 AWG ACSR conductors are used'%(I)\n",
      "print 'b) For a         #4 AWG Copper Conductor, The Percentage Voltage drop at annual peak load is %g pecent'%(VD)\n",
      "\n",
      "#Calculation Mistake in the TextBook\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "a) To Achieve Minimum Voltage Drop, The Substation is Placed at the Centre of the Line, and For a Current of 164.02 A following in it,         #4 AWG or         #2 AWG ACSR conductors are used\n",
        "b) For a         #4 AWG Copper Conductor, The Percentage Voltage drop at annual peak load is 4.79403 pecent\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.10  Page No : 346"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# Variables\n",
      "Vll = 13.2;         #Voltage in kV (Line voltage)\n",
      "TCDi = 0.45;         #Load Density in kVA per feet\n",
      "FD = 1.08;         #Diversity Factor for all loads\n",
      "FLS = 0.2;         #Annual Loss Factor\n",
      "DFi = 0.6;         #30 min Annual Demand Factor\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "Dg = TCDi*DFi/FD;         #Divesified Maximum Demand of the Group\n",
      "L = 30000;         #Length of the Whole Feeder in Feet\n",
      "I = 164.2;         #Current\n",
      "\n",
      "r = 0.592;         #Resismath.tance Per Mile\n",
      "R = r*L/(3.*5280);         #Total Resismath.tance\n",
      "\n",
      "CL = 3*(I**2)*R;         #Total Power Loss in entire length\n",
      "\n",
      "TAEL = CL*FLS*8760/(10**3);         #Total Annual Energy Loss\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'The Total Annual Eddy Current Loss is %g kWhr'%(TAEL)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "The Total Annual Eddy Current Loss is 158887 kWhr\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 7.11  Page No : 347"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "#Loads in kVA\n",
      "Sbc = 3000.;         #Load Along bc\n",
      "Sd = 2000.;         #Load At Point d\n",
      "S0a = Sbc+Sd;         #Total Load\n",
      "Sab = Sbc/2;         #Load along ab\n",
      "\n",
      "#Cable Consmath.tants\n",
      "K0a = 0.0005;         #For 0 to a\n",
      "Kab = 0.0010;         #For a to b\n",
      "Kac = 0.0010;         #For a to c\n",
      "Kad = 0.0010;         #For a to d\n",
      "\n",
      "#Length\n",
      "l0a = 1.0;         #From 0 to a\n",
      "lab = 2.;        #From a to b\n",
      "lad = 2.;         #From a to d\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "#Voltage Drops At Specific Points\n",
      "VDa = K0a*S0a*l0a;\n",
      "VDb = (Kab*Sab*lab/2)+VDa;\n",
      "VDc = VDb;\n",
      "VDd = (Kad*Sd*lad)+VDa;\n",
      "\n",
      "#To determine the Voltages at Point a\n",
      "Vll = 12650.;         #Line to Line Voltage\n",
      "Vln = 7300.;         #Line to Neutral Voltage\n",
      "\n",
      "Valn = Vln-(VDa*Vln/100);\n",
      "Vall = Vll-(VDa*Vll/100);\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print 'a The Voltage Drops at:'\n",
      "print 'Point a is %g percent'%(VDa)\n",
      "print 'Point b is %g percent'%(VDb)\n",
      "print 'Point c is %g percent'%(VDc)\n",
      "print 'Point d is %g percent'%(VDd)\n",
      "print 'b) The Voltages VaL-N is %g V and VaL-L is %g V'%(Valn,Vall)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "a The Voltage Drops at:\n",
        "Point a is 2.5 percent\n",
        "Point b is 4 percent\n",
        "Point c is 4 percent\n",
        "Point d is 6.5 percent\n",
        "b) The Voltages VaL-N is 7117.5 V and VaL-L is 12333.8 V\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}