{
 "metadata": {
  "name": ""
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter 11 : Basics of Non-Ideal Flow"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 11.1 pageno : 267"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "%pylab inline\n",
      "\n",
      "from numpy import *\n",
      "from matplotlib.pyplot import *\n",
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "T = array([0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35])    # time\n",
      "Cpulse = array([0,3,5,5,4,2,1,0])     # tracer output concentration\n",
      "dt = 5.;\n",
      "sum1 = 0.;\n",
      "sum2 = 0.;\n",
      "Area = 0.               #Initialization\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "for i in range(8):\n",
      "    sum1 = sum1+T[i]*Cpulse[i]*dt;\n",
      "    sum2 = sum2+Cpulse[i]*dt;\n",
      "    Area = Area+Cpulse[i]*dt;\n",
      "\n",
      "t = sum1/sum2;\n",
      "E = zeros(8)\n",
      "for j in range(8):\n",
      "    E[j] = Cpulse[j]/Area;\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print \" The mean residence time is %.f min \"%(t)\n",
      "plot(T,E)\n",
      "plot(T,E,\"go\")\n",
      "xlabel(\"t, min\")\n",
      "ylabel(\"E\")\n",
      "show()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n",
        " The mean residence time is 15 min \n"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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oQHNzM3bs2IEjR44EjKmrq8PRo0fR0tKCrVu3oqioKOjnAsDulN3wjFuLXl2t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\n0wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x32abdd0>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 11.2 pageno : 268"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "M = 150.            #Molecular mass(gm)\n",
      "v = 5.              #litre/sec\n",
      "v = 5*60.           #litre/min\n",
      "V = 860.            #litres\n",
      "Cpulse = .75\n",
      "# Calculations and Results\n",
      "#From Material Balance\n",
      "Area1 = M/v;        #gm.min/litre\n",
      "A1 = 0.375;\n",
      "Area2 = A1*(1+1./4+1./16+1./64+1./256+1./1024+1./4096);         #Taking Significant Areas\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "print \" From material balance Area is %.1f gm.min/litre\"%(Area1)\n",
      "print \" From Tracer Curve Area is %.1f gm.min/litre\"%(Area2)\n",
      "print \" Part a\"\n",
      "print \" As the two areas are equal,this is a properly done experiment \"\n",
      "#For the liquid,calculating t\n",
      "sum1 = 0;\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    sum1 = sum1+2*i*A1/(4**(i-1));\n",
      "    t = sum1/Area1;\n",
      "\n",
      "#liquid volume in vessel\n",
      "Vl = t*v;\n",
      "#Fraction of liquid\n",
      "f = Vl/V;\n",
      "E = Cpulse/(M/v)\n",
      "\n",
      "print \" Part b\"\n",
      "print \" Fraction of liquid is %.f %%\"%(f*100)\n",
      "\n",
      "print \" Part c\"\n",
      "print \" The E curve is %.1f C\"%E\n",
      "print \" Part d\"\n",
      "print \" The vessel has  a strong recirculation of liquid,probably induced by the rising bubbles\"\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        " From material balance Area is 0.5 gm.min/litre\n",
        " From Tracer Curve Area is 0.5 gm.min/litre\n",
        " Part a\n",
        " As the two areas are equal,this is a properly done experiment \n",
        " Part b\n",
        " Fraction of liquid is 93 %\n",
        " Part c\n",
        " The E curve is 1.5 C\n",
        " Part d\n",
        " The vessel has  a strong recirculation of liquid,probably induced by the rising bubbles\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 11.3 pageno : 272\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "Cin = zeros(14)\n",
      "E = zeros(14)\n",
      "Cout = zeros(14)\n",
      "Cin[0] = 0.\n",
      "Cin[1] = 8.\n",
      "Cin[2] = 4.\n",
      "Cin[3] = 6\n",
      "Cin[4] = 0\n",
      "E[4] = 0\n",
      "E[5] = 0.05\n",
      "E[6] = 0.5\n",
      "E[7] = 0.35\n",
      "E[8] = 0.1\n",
      "E[9] = 0.\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "for t in range(8,14):\n",
      "    sum1 = 0;\n",
      "    for p in range(5,t-1):\n",
      "        if p>10 or (t-p)>5:\n",
      "            h = 2;\n",
      "        else:\n",
      "            sum1 = sum1+Cin[t-p] * E[p];\n",
      "            Cout[t] = sum1;\n",
      "\n",
      "t = linspace(1,14,14)\n",
      "Cout = transpose(Cout)\n",
      "\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "plot(t,Cout)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 6,
       "text": [
        "[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x43ec990>]"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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jhVKiELh2DZg4EWhvB0aPFp2G/OFwADk58t2/Tz0lLgcvlBKpUGOjvLs9C107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\nP+TL9axw2ETbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x4149950>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 11.4 pageno : 275"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "import math \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "k = 0.307;            # min**-1\n",
      "t = 15.;          \n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations and Results\n",
      "fr_unconverted = math.exp(-k*t);\n",
      "print \" The fraction of reactant unconverted in a plug flow reactor is %.2f\"%(fr_unconverted)\n",
      "\n",
      "#For the real reactor\n",
      "T = [5,10,15,20,25,30];                             #given time\n",
      "E = [0.03,0.05,0.05,0.04,0.02,0.01];                #given\n",
      "dt = 5;\n",
      "sum1 = 0;\n",
      "for i in range(6):\n",
      "    sum1 = sum1+math.exp(-k*T[i])*E[i]*dt;\n",
      "\n",
      "print \" The fraction of reactant unconverted in a real reactor is %.3f\"%(sum1)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        " The fraction of reactant unconverted in a plug flow reactor is 0.01\n",
        " The fraction of reactant unconverted in a real reactor is 0.047\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Example 11.5 pageno : 277"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "import math \n",
      "from scipy.integrate import quad \n",
      "\n",
      "# Variables\n",
      "k = 0.5                     #litre/mol.min\n",
      "CAo = 2.                    #mol/litre\n",
      "to = 1.\n",
      "t1 = 3.\n",
      "E = 0.5\n",
      "\n",
      "# Calculations\n",
      "#Using eqn 13\n",
      "def f2(t): \n",
      "\t return 1./(1+t)\n",
      "\n",
      "XA_avg = 1-(E* quad(f2,to,t1)[0])\n",
      "# Results\n",
      "print \" Average concentration of A remaining in the droplet is %.3f\"%(XA_avg)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        " Average concentration of A remaining in the droplet is 0.653\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}