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 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h1>Chapter 16: Templates<h1>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.1, Page Number: 376<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "def swapargs(a,b):\n",
      "    temp=a[0]\n",
      "    a[0]=b[0]\n",
      "    b[0]=temp\n",
      "\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "i=[10]\n",
      "j=[20]\n",
      "x=[10.1]\n",
      "y=[23.3]\n",
      "a=['x']\n",
      "b=['z']\n",
      "\n",
      "print \"Original i, j: \",i[0],j[0]\n",
      "print \"Original x,y: \",x[0],y[0]\n",
      "print \"Original a,b: \",a[0],b[0]\n",
      "\n",
      "swapargs(i,j)        #swap integers\n",
      "swapargs(x,y)        #swap floats\n",
      "swapargs(a,b)        #swap chars\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print \"Swapped i, j: \",i[0],j[0]\n",
      "print \"Swapped x,y: \",x[0],y[0]\n",
      "print \"Swapped a,b: \",a[0],b[0]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Original i, j:  10 20\n",
        "Original x,y:  10.1 23.3\n",
        "Original a,b:  x z\n",
        "Swapped i, j:  20 10\n",
        "Swapped x,y:  23.3 10.1\n",
        "Swapped a,b:  z x\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.2, Page Number: 378<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "def myfunc(x,y):\n",
      "    print x,y\n",
      "    \n",
      "myfunc(10,\"hi\")\n",
      "myfunc(0.23,10L)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "10 hi\n",
        "0.23 10\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.3, Page Number: 379<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "def swapargs(a,b):\n",
      "    if isinstance(a[0],int):  #integer version\n",
      "        temp=a[0]\n",
      "        a[0]=b[0]\n",
      "        b[0]=temp\n",
      "        print \"Inside swapargs int specialization.\"\n",
      "    else:                  #generic version\n",
      "        temp=a[0]\n",
      "        a[0]=b[0]\n",
      "        b[0]=temp\n",
      "        print \"Inside template swapargs.\"\n",
      "\n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "i=[10]\n",
      "j=[20]\n",
      "x=[10.1]\n",
      "y=[23.3]\n",
      "a=['x']\n",
      "b=['z']\n",
      "\n",
      "print \"Original i, j: \",i[0],j[0]\n",
      "print \"Original x,y: \",x[0],y[0]\n",
      "print \"Original a,b: \",a[0],b[0]\n",
      "\n",
      "swapargs(i,j)        #calls explicitly overloaded swapargs()\n",
      "swapargs(x,y)        #calls generic swapargs()\n",
      "swapargs(a,b)        #calls generic swapargs()\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print \"Swapped i, j: \",i[0],j[0]\n",
      "print \"Swapped x,y: \",x[0],y[0]\n",
      "print \"Swapped a,b: \",a[0],b[0]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Original i, j:  10 20\n",
        "Original x,y:  10.1 23.3\n",
        "Original a,b:  x z\n",
        "Inside swapargs int specialization.\n",
        "Inside template swapargs.\n",
        "Inside template swapargs.\n",
        "Swapped i, j:  20 10\n",
        "Swapped x,y:  23.3 10.1\n",
        "Swapped a,b:  z x\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.4, Page Number: 381<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "def f(a,b=None):\n",
      "    if(b==None):                 #First version of f()\n",
      "        print \"Inside f(X a)\"\n",
      "    else:                        #Second version of f()\n",
      "        print \"Inside f(X a, Y b)\"\n",
      "        \n",
      "f(10)      #calls f(X)\n",
      "f(10,20)   #calls f(X,Y)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Inside f(X a)\n",
        "Inside f(X a, Y b)\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.5, Page Number: 382<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "#Display data specified number of times.\n",
      "def repeat(data,times):\n",
      "    while times:\n",
      "        print data\n",
      "        times-=1\n",
      "        \n",
      "repeat(\"This is a test\",3)\n",
      "repeat(100,5)\n",
      "repeat(99.0/2, 4)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "This is a test\n",
        "This is a test\n",
        "This is a test\n",
        "100\n",
        "100\n",
        "100\n",
        "100\n",
        "100\n",
        "49.5\n",
        "49.5\n",
        "49.5\n",
        "49.5\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.6, Page Number: 383<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "def myabs(val):\n",
      "    if  val<0:\n",
      "        return -val\n",
      "    else:\n",
      "        return val\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "print myabs(-10)\n",
      "print myabs(-10.0)\n",
      "print myabs(-10L)\n",
      "print myabs(-10.0)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "10\n",
        "10.0\n",
        "10\n",
        "10.0\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.7, Page Number: 385<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "def SIZE():\n",
      "    return 100\n",
      "class queue:\n",
      "    def __init__(self):\n",
      "        self.q=[]\n",
      "        self.sloc=self.rloc=0\n",
      "    #Put an object into the queue\n",
      "    def qput(self,i):\n",
      "        if self.sloc==SIZE():\n",
      "            print \"Queue is full.\"\n",
      "            return\n",
      "        self.sloc+=1\n",
      "        self.q.append(i)\n",
      "    #Get an object from the queue.\n",
      "    def qget(self):\n",
      "        if self.rloc==self.sloc:\n",
      "            print \"Queue Underflow.\"\n",
      "            return\n",
      "        a=self.rloc\n",
      "        self.rloc+=1\n",
      "        return self.q[a]\n",
      " \n",
      "#Create two integer queues\n",
      "a=queue()\n",
      "b=queue()\n",
      "a.qput(10)\n",
      "b.qput(19)\n",
      "a.qput(20)\n",
      "b.qput(1)\n",
      "\n",
      "print a.qget(),\n",
      "print a.qget(),\n",
      "print b.qget(),\n",
      "print b.qget()\n",
      "\n",
      "#Create two double queues\n",
      "c=queue()\n",
      "d=queue()\n",
      "c.qput(10.12)\n",
      "d.qput(19.99)\n",
      "c.qput(-20.0)\n",
      "d.qput(0.986)\n",
      "\n",
      "print c.qget(),\n",
      "print c.qget(),\n",
      "print d.qget(),\n",
      "print d.qget()\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "10 20 19 1\n",
        "10.12 -20.0 19.99 0.986\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.8, Page Number: 387<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "class myclass:\n",
      "    def __init__(self,a,b):\n",
      "        self.__i=a\n",
      "        self.__j=b\n",
      "    def show(self):\n",
      "        print self.__i,self.__j\n",
      "\n",
      "ob1=myclass(10,0.23)\n",
      "ob2=myclass('X',\"This is a test\")\n",
      "\n",
      "#Result\n",
      "ob1.show()   #Show int,double\n",
      "ob2.show()   #Show char.char*\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "10 0.23\n",
        "X This is a test\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.9, Page Number: 388<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "#Defining constant\n",
      "def SIZE():\n",
      "    return 10\n",
      "\n",
      "class atype:\n",
      "    def __init__(self):\n",
      "        self.a=[]\n",
      "        for i in range(SIZE()):\n",
      "            self.a.append(i)\n",
      "    #Implementing the [] overloading\n",
      "    def op1(self,i,j):\n",
      "        if (i<0 or i>=SIZE()):\n",
      "            print \"\\nIndex value of \",\n",
      "            print i,\" is out-of-bounds.\"\n",
      "            return \n",
      "        self.a[i]=j\n",
      "    def op2(self,i):\n",
      "        if (i<0 or i>SIZE()-1):\n",
      "            print \"\\nIndex value of \",\n",
      "            print i,\" is out-of-bounds.\"\n",
      "            return\n",
      "        return self.a[i]\n",
      " \n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "intob=atype()\n",
      "doubleob=atype()\n",
      "     \n",
      "print \"Integer array: \",\n",
      "for i in range(SIZE()):\n",
      "    intob.op1(i,i)\n",
      "for i in range(SIZE()):\n",
      "    print intob.op2(i),\n",
      "    \n",
      "print \"\"\n",
      "\n",
      "print \"Double array: \",\n",
      "for i in range(SIZE()):\n",
      "    doubleob.op1(i,float(i)/3)\n",
      "for i in range(SIZE()):\n",
      "    print doubleob.op2(i),\n",
      "    \n",
      "intob.op1(12,100)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Integer array:  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n",
        "Double array:  0.0 0.333333333333 0.666666666667 1.0 1.33333333333 1.66666666667 2.0 2.33333333333 2.66666666667 3.0 \n",
        "Index value of  12  is out-of-bounds.\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.10, Page Number: 389<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "class atype:\n",
      "    def __init__(self,size):\n",
      "        self.a=[]\n",
      "        self.size=size\n",
      "        for i in range(size):\n",
      "            self.a.append(i)\n",
      "    #Implementing the [] overloading\n",
      "    def op1(self,i,j):\n",
      "        if (i<0 or i>self.size-1):\n",
      "            print \"\\nIndex value of \",\n",
      "            print i,\" is out-of-bounds.\"\n",
      "            return\n",
      "        self.a[i]=j\n",
      "    def op2(self,i):\n",
      "        if (i<0 or i>self.size-1):\n",
      "            print \"\\nIndex value of \",\n",
      "            print i,\" is out-of-bounds.\"\n",
      "            return\n",
      "        return self.a[i]\n",
      " \n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "intob=atype(10)\n",
      "doubleob=atype(15)\n",
      "     \n",
      "print \"Integer array: \",\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    intob.op1(i,i)\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    print intob.op2(i),\n",
      "    \n",
      "print \"\"\n",
      "\n",
      "print \"Double array: \",\n",
      "for i in range(15):\n",
      "    doubleob.op1(i,float(i)/3)\n",
      "for i in range(15):\n",
      "    print doubleob.op2(i),\n",
      "    \n",
      "intob.op1(12,100)                #generates runtime error\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Integer array:  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n",
        "Double array:  0.0 0.333333333333 0.666666666667 1.0 1.33333333333 1.66666666667 2.0 2.33333333333 2.66666666667 3.0 3.33333333333 3.66666666667 4.0 4.33333333333 4.66666666667 \n",
        "Index value of  12  is out-of-bounds.\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.11, Page Number: 391<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "class atype:\n",
      "    def __init__(self,size=10):\n",
      "        self.a=[]\n",
      "        for i in range(size):\n",
      "            self.a.append(i)\n",
      "    #Implementing the [] overloading\n",
      "    def op1(self,i,j):\n",
      "        if (i<0 and i>SIZE()-1):\n",
      "            print \"Index value of \"\n",
      "            print i,\" is out-of-bounds.\"\n",
      "            exit(1)\n",
      "        self.a[i]=j\n",
      "    def op2(self,i):\n",
      "        if (i<0 and i>SIZE()-1):\n",
      "            print \"Index value of \"\n",
      "            print i,\" is out-of-bounds.\"\n",
      "            exit()\n",
      "        return self.a[i]\n",
      " \n",
      "#Variable declaration\n",
      "intob=atype(100)\n",
      "doubleob=atype()\n",
      "defarray=atype()\n",
      "     \n",
      "print \"Integer array: \",\n",
      "for i in range(100):\n",
      "    intob.op1(i,i)\n",
      "for i in range(100):\n",
      "    print intob.op2(i),\n",
      "    \n",
      "print \"\"\n",
      "\n",
      "print \"Double array: \",\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    doubleob.op1(i,float(i)/3)\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    print doubleob.op2(i),\n",
      "    \n",
      "print \"\"\n",
      "\n",
      "print \"Defarray array: \",\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    doubleob.op1(i,i)\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    print doubleob.op2(i),\n",
      "\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Integer array:  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 \n",
        "Double array:  0.0 0.333333333333 0.666666666667 1.0 1.33333333333 1.66666666667 2.0 2.33333333333 2.66666666667 3.0 \n",
        "Defarray array:  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<h3>Example 16.12, Page Number: 393<h3>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "\n",
      "class myclass:\n",
      "    def __init__(self,a):\n",
      "        if isinstance(a,int):\n",
      "            print \"Inside myclass<int>specialization\"\n",
      "            self.__x=a*a\n",
      "        else:\n",
      "            print \"Inside generic myclass\"\n",
      "            self.__x=a\n",
      "    def getx(self):\n",
      "        return self.__x\n",
      "        \n",
      "d=myclass(10.1)\n",
      "print \"double: \",d.getx(),\"\\n\"\n",
      "\n",
      "i=myclass(5)\n",
      "print \"int: \",i.getx()\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Inside generic myclass\n",
        "double:  10.1 \n",
        "\n",
        "Inside myclass<int>specialization\n",
        "int:  25\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}