{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Chapter - 18 : BJT BIASING AND STABILISATION"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.1 Pg 402"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ic=2.00 mA\n",
      "Vce=20.00 V\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYQAAAEPCAYAAABCyrPIAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nYCXfIREAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f3408d27b10>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "from numpy import arange\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n",
    "Vbb=10#\n",
    "Rb=47*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=20#\n",
    "Rc=10*10**3#\n",
    "B=100#\n",
    "Ic=Vcc/Rc##saturation current\n",
    "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),'mA'\n",
    "Vce=Vcc##cut-off voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"\n",
    "i=arange(2,0,-0.1)\n",
    "plot(i)#\n",
    "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n",
    "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n",
    "show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.2 Pg 403"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "IC=66.67 mA\n",
      "Vce=20.00 V\n",
      "Ib=1.86e-04 A\n",
      "Ic=3.72e-02 A\n",
      "Vce=8.84 V\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYQAAAEPCAYAAABCyrPIAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nLXMgajYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f2cf6497910>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "from numpy import arange\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n",
    "\n",
    "Vbb=10#\n",
    "Rb=50*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=20#\n",
    "Rc=300#\n",
    "beta=200#\n",
    "Ic=Vcc/Rc##saturation current\n",
    "print \"IC=%0.2f\"%(Ic*1e3),'mA'\n",
    "Vce=Vcc##cut-off voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"\n",
    "Ib=(Vbb-0.7)/Rb#\n",
    "print \"Ib=%0.2e\"%Ib,\"A\"\n",
    "Ic=beta*Ib#\n",
    "print \"Ic=%0.2e\"%Ic,\"A\"\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc#\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"\n",
    "i=arange(21,0,-0.1)\n",
    "plot(i)#\n",
    "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n",
    "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n",
    "show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.3 Pg 404"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ib=0.14 mA\n",
      "Ic=11.11 mA\n",
      "Vce=15.89 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Rb=180*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=25#\n",
    "Rc=820#\n",
    "beta=80#\n",
    "Ib=Vcc/Rb##saturation current\n",
    "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*1e3),'mA'\n",
    "Ic=beta*Ib#\n",
    "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*1e3),'mA'\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##cut-off voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.4 Pg 404"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Rb=40.00 Kohm\n",
      "S= 101\n",
      "Ic=3.00e-02 A\n",
      "Vce=2.10 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Vcc=12#\n",
    "Rc=330#\n",
    "Ib=0.3*10**-3#\n",
    "beta=100#\n",
    "#Ib=Vcc/Rb##saturation current\n",
    "Rb=Vcc/Ib#\n",
    "print \"Rb=%0.2f\"%(Rb*1e-3),'Kohm'\n",
    "S=1+beta#\n",
    "print \"S=\",S\n",
    "Ic=beta*Ib#\n",
    "print \"Ic=%0.2e\"%Ic,\"A\"\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##cut-off voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.5 Pg 405"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ib=0.04 mA\n",
      "Ic=4.00 mA\n",
      "Vce=8.00 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Rb=400*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=20#\n",
    "Rc=2*10**3#\n",
    "Re=1*10**3#\n",
    "beta=100#\n",
    "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+(beta*Re))##saturation current\n",
    "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*10**3),'mA'\n",
    "Ic=beta*Ib#\n",
    "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),'mA'\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*(Rc+Re))##cut-off voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.6 Pg 406"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ic=2.35 mA\n",
      "VCe=6.82 V\n",
      "Icsat=5.45 mA\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXoAAAEPCAYAAABMTw/iAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f2d0cb4b310>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "from numpy import arange\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n",
    "\n",
    "Vcc=12#\n",
    "Rc=2.2*10**3#\n",
    "Rb=240#\n",
    "B=50#\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "RE=0#\n",
    "Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(RE+(Rb/B))##collector current\n",
    "print \"Ic=%0.2f mA\"%Ic\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*10**-3)*Rc##CE voltage\n",
    "print 'VCe=%0.2f V'%Vce\n",
    "Icsat=Vcc/Rc#\n",
    "print 'Icsat=%0.2f mA'%(Icsat*10**3)\n",
    "Vcec=Vcc##cutoff voltage\n",
    "i=arange(5.45,0,-0.5)\n",
    "plot(i)#\n",
    "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n",
    "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n",
    "show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.7 Pg 407"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ic=6.00 mA\n",
      "Vce=30.00 V\n",
      "Ib=20.00 microA\n",
      "Ic=2.00 mA\n",
      "Vce= 20.00 V\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXsAAAEPCAYAAACjjWTcAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f2cf32fe390>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "from numpy import arange\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n",
    "\n",
    "Vcc=30#\n",
    "Rb=1.5*10**6#\n",
    "Rc=5*10**3#\n",
    "beta=100#\n",
    "Ic=Vcc/Rc##saturation current\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vce=Vcc##cut-off voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f V'%Vce\n",
    "Ib=Vcc/Rb##base current\n",
    "print 'Ib=%0.2f microA'%(Ib*10**6)\n",
    "Ic=beta*Ib#\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc#\n",
    "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce\n",
    "i=arange(6,0,-0.2)\n",
    "plot(i)#\n",
    "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n",
    "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n",
    "show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.9 Pg 408"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ic=9.92 mA\n",
      "Vce= 16.87 V\n",
      "S=74.394\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Rb=180*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=25#\n",
    "Rc=820#\n",
    "Re=200#\n",
    "beta=80#\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Re+(Rb/beta))##collector current\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce\n",
    "S=(1+beta)/(1+beta*(Re/(Re+Rb)))#\n",
    "print \"S=%0.3f\"%S##stability factor"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.10 Pg 409"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ic=0.85 mA\n",
      "Vce= 1.55 V\n",
      "Ic=1.00 mA\n",
      "Vce= 10.00 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "Rb=100*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=10#\n",
    "Rc=10*10**3#\n",
    "beta=100#\n",
    "Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rc+(Rb/beta))##collector current\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce\n",
    "Ic=Vcc/Rc#\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vce=Vcc#\n",
    "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.11 Pg 410"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ib=0.05 mA\n",
      "Ic=2.33 mA\n",
      "Ie=2.33 mA\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Rb=100*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=10#\n",
    "Rc=2*10**3#\n",
    "beta1=50#\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rb+(beta1*Rc))#\n",
    "print 'Ib=%0.2f mA'%(Ib*10**3)\n",
    "Ic=beta1*Ib#\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Ie=Ic#\n",
    "print 'Ie=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.12 Pg 411"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "IB=15.82 microA\n",
      "IC=1581.82 microA\n",
      "IC=1.58 mA\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=9#\n",
    "RB=220*10**3#\n",
    "RC=3.3*10**3#\n",
    "VBE=0.3#\n",
    "B=100#\n",
    "#if vc=0\n",
    "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+(B*RC))#\n",
    "print 'IB=%0.2f microA'%(IB*10**6)\n",
    "IC=B*IB#\n",
    "print 'IC=%0.2f microA'%(IC*10**6) #CORRECTION IN BOOK\n",
    "#if VC=9\n",
    "VC=9#\n",
    "IC=B*IB#\n",
    "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n",
    "#IC*RC=0,which means collector resistance is short circuited"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.13 Pg 412"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ic=1.96 mA\n",
      "Vb=0.90 V\n",
      "Vc=5.53 V\n",
      "IR2=0.28 mA\n",
      "Ib=0.04 mA\n",
      "IR1=0.32 mA\n",
      "R1=14.63 kohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Vcc=12#\n",
    "Rc=3.3*10**3#\n",
    "Re=100#\n",
    "Ie=2*10**-3#\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "alpha=0.98#\n",
    "Ic=alpha*Ie#\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vb=Vbe+(Ie*Re)#\n",
    "print 'Vb=%0.2f V'%Vb\n",
    "Vc=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n",
    "print 'Vc=%0.2f V'%Vc\n",
    "R2=20*10**3#\n",
    "IR2=Vc/R2#\n",
    "print 'IR2=%0.2f mA'%(IR2*10**3)\n",
    "Ib=Ie-Ic#\n",
    "print 'Ib=%0.2f mA'%(Ib*10**3)\n",
    "IR1=IR2+Ib#\n",
    "print 'IR1=%0.2f mA'%(IR1*10**3)\n",
    "R1=(Vc-Vb)/IR1#\n",
    "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.14 Pg 414"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "IC=1.90 mA\n",
      "RB=117.00 kohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=24#\n",
    "RC=10*10**3#\n",
    "RE=270#\n",
    "VBE=0.7#\n",
    "B=45#\n",
    "VCE=5#\n",
    "IC=(VCC-VCE)/RC#\n",
    "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n",
    "RB=(2.6*10**3)*B#\n",
    "print 'RB=%0.2f kohm'%(RB*10**-3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.15 Pg 416"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ib=0.01 mA\n",
      "Ic=1.06 mA\n",
      "Vce=1.09 V\n",
      "S=16.091\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Rb=33*10**3#\n",
    "Vcc=3#\n",
    "Rc=1.8*10**3#\n",
    "beta=90#\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rb+(Rc*beta))##collector current\n",
    "print 'Ib=%0.2f mA'%(Ib*10**3)\n",
    "Ic=beta*Ib#\n",
    "print 'Ic=%.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f V'%Vce\n",
    "S=(1+beta)/(1+beta*(Rc/(Rc+Rb)))#stability factor\n",
    "print \"S=%0.3f\"%S"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.16 Pg 416"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Vb=3.33 V\n",
      "Ve=2.63 V\n",
      "Ie=05 mA\n",
      "Ic=05 mA\n",
      "Ve=2.63 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "Vcc=10#\n",
    "Rc=1*10**3#\n",
    "beta=100#\n",
    "R1=10*10**3#\n",
    "R2=5*10**3#\n",
    "Re=500#\n",
    "Vb=Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n",
    "print 'Vb=%0.2f V'%Vb\n",
    "Ve=Vb-Vbe#\n",
    "print 'Ve=%0.2f V'%Ve\n",
    "Ie=Ve/Re#\n",
    "print 'Ie=%02.f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n",
    "Ic=Ie#\n",
    "print 'Ic=%02.f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)#\n",
    "print 'Ve=%0.2f V'%Ve"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.17 Pg 418"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Vb=2.81 V\n",
      "Ve=2.11 V\n",
      "Ie=3.11 mA\n",
      "Ic=3.11 mA\n",
      "VRc=3.11 V\n",
      "Vc=5.89 V\n",
      "Vce=3.78 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Vcc=9#\n",
    "Rc=1*10**3#\n",
    "Re=680#\n",
    "beta=100#\n",
    "R1=33*10**3#\n",
    "R2=15*10**3#\n",
    "Vb=Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n",
    "print 'Vb=%0.2f V'%Vb\n",
    "Vbe=0.7#\n",
    "Ve=Vb-Vbe#\n",
    "print 'Ve=%0.2f V'%Ve\n",
    "Ie=Ve/Re#\n",
    "print 'Ie=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n",
    "Ic=Ie#\n",
    "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n",
    "VRc=Ic*Rc#\n",
    "print 'VRc=%0.2f V'%VRc\n",
    "Vc=Vcc-VRc#\n",
    "print 'Vc=%0.2f V'%Vc\n",
    "Vce=Vc-Ve#\n",
    "print 'Vce=%0.2f V'%Vce"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.18 Pg 419"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Rc=2200.00 ohm\n",
      "R1=40.00 kohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=5#\n",
    "RE=0.3*10**3#\n",
    "IC=1*10**-3#\n",
    "VCE=2.5#\n",
    "B=100#\n",
    "VBE=0.7#\n",
    "ICO=0#\n",
    "R2=10*10**3#\n",
    "IE=IC#\n",
    "RC=((VCC-VCE)/IC)-RE#\n",
    "print 'Rc=%0.2f ohm'%RC\n",
    "VE=IE*RE#\n",
    "VB=VE+VBE#\n",
    "R1=VCC*R2-R2#\n",
    "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.19 Pg 420"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VB=10.00 V\n",
      "IE=1.86 mA\n",
      "VCE=18.14 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "Vcc=20#\n",
    "RC=1*10**3#\n",
    "RE=5*10**3#\n",
    "R1=10*10**3#\n",
    "R2=10*10**3#\n",
    "B=462#\n",
    "VBE=0.7#\n",
    "VB=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2)#\n",
    "print 'VB=%0.2f V'%VB\n",
    "VE=VB-VBE#\n",
    "IE=VE/RE#\n",
    "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n",
    "IC=IE#\n",
    "VCE=Vcc-IC*RC#\n",
    "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.20 Pg 422"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "IC=0.62 mA\n",
      "IE=0.65 mA\n",
      "IB=26.04 microA\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=8#\n",
    "VRC=0.5#\n",
    "RC=800#\n",
    "a=0.96#\n",
    "VCE=VCC-VRC##VRC=IC*RC\n",
    "IC=VRC/RC#\n",
    "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n",
    "IE=IC/a#\n",
    "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n",
    "IB=IE-IC#\n",
    "print 'IB=%0.2f microA'%(IB*10**6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.21 Pg 423"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ICdiff=43.478 %\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=12#\n",
    "RC=1*10**3#\n",
    "RE=100#\n",
    "R1=25*10**3#\n",
    "R2=5*10**3#\n",
    "B=50#\n",
    "VBE=0.6#\n",
    "VTH=VCC*R2/(R1+R2)#\n",
    "RTH=R1*R2/(R1+R2)#\n",
    "IE50=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+RTH/B)#\n",
    "B=150#\n",
    "IE150=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+RTH/B)#\n",
    "ICdiff=(IE150-IE50)/IE50#\n",
    "print \"ICdiff=%0.3f %%\"%(ICdiff*100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.24 Pg 424"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "RE=1.40 kohm\n",
      "RTH=2.98 kohm\n",
      "R2=7.00 kohm\n",
      "R1=5.17 kohm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "B=50#\n",
    "VBE=0.7#\n",
    "VCC=22.5#\n",
    "RC=5.6*10**3#\n",
    "VCE=12#\n",
    "IC=1.5*10**-3#\n",
    "S=3#\n",
    "RE=(VCC-IC*RC-VCE)/IC#\n",
    "print 'RE=%0.2f kohm'%(RE*10**-3)\n",
    "RTH=(4375)-RE#\n",
    "print 'RTH=%0.2f kohm'%(RTH*10**-3)\n",
    "R2=0.1*B*RE#\n",
    "print 'R2=%0.2f kohm'%(R2*10**-3)\n",
    "R1=(-RTH*R2)/(RTH-R2)#\n",
    "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.25 Pg 425"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ie=1.86 mA\n",
      "IC=1.86 mA\n",
      "VCE=8.84 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=10#\n",
    "VEE=10#\n",
    "RC=1*10**3#\n",
    "RE=5*10**3#\n",
    "RB=50*10**3#\n",
    "VBE=0.7#\n",
    "VE=-VBE#\n",
    "IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE#\n",
    "print 'Ie=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n",
    "IC=IE#\n",
    "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n",
    "VC=VCC-IC*RC#\n",
    "VCE=VC-VE#\n",
    "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.26 Pg 426"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "IE1=1.89 mA\n",
      "VC1=10.54 V\n",
      "VCE1=11.24 V\n",
      "IE2=1.92 mA\n",
      "VC2=10.40 V\n",
      "VCE2=8.74 V\n",
      "delIc=1.51 %\n",
      "delVCE=28.60 %\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=20#\n",
    "VEE=20#\n",
    "RC=5*10**3#\n",
    "RE=10*10**3#\n",
    "RB=10*10**3#\n",
    "B1=50#\n",
    "B2=100#\n",
    "VBE1=0.7#\n",
    "VBE2=0.6#\n",
    "IE1=(VEE-VBE1)/(RE+RB/B1)#\n",
    "print 'IE1=%0.2f mA'%(IE1*10**3)\n",
    "IC1=IE1#\n",
    "VC1=VCC-IC1*RC#\n",
    "print 'VC1=%0.2f V'%VC1\n",
    "VE=-VBE1#\n",
    "VCE1=VC1-VE#\n",
    "print 'VCE1=%0.2f V'%VCE1\n",
    "IE2=(VEE-VBE2)/(RE+RB/B2)#\n",
    "print 'IE2=%0.2f mA'%(IE2*10**3)\n",
    "IC2=IE2#\n",
    "VC2=VCC-IC2*RC#\n",
    "print 'VC2=%0.2f V'%VC2\n",
    "VE=-VBE2#\n",
    "VCE2=VC-VE#\n",
    "print 'VCE2=%0.2f V'%VCE2\n",
    "delIc=(IC2-IC1)/IC1#\n",
    "print \"delIc=%0.2f %%\"%(delIc*100)\n",
    "delVCE=(VCE1-VCE2)/VCE2#\n",
    "print \"delVCE=%0.2f %%\"%(delVCE*100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.27 Pg 427"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VB=-2.00 V\n",
      "VE=-1.80 V\n",
      "IC=1.80 mA\n",
      "VC=-8.40 V\n",
      "VCE=-6.60 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=12#\n",
    "RC=2*10**3#\n",
    "RE=1*10**3#\n",
    "R1=100*10**3#\n",
    "R2=20*10**3#\n",
    "B=100#\n",
    "VBE=-0.2#\n",
    "VB=-VCC*R2/(R1+R2)#\n",
    "print 'VB=%0.2f V'%VB\n",
    "VE=VB-VBE#\n",
    "print 'VE=%0.2f V'%VE\n",
    "IE=-VE/RE#\n",
    "IC=IE#\n",
    "print \"IC=%0.2f mA\"%(IC*10**3)\n",
    "VC=-(VCC-IC*RC)#\n",
    "print 'VC=%0.2f V'%VC\n",
    "VCE=VC-(VE)#\n",
    "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ex 18.28 Pg 428"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "VB=-0.41 V\n",
      "VE=-0.11 V\n",
      "IC=0.40 mA\n",
      "VRC=0.61 V\n",
      "VC=-3.89 V\n",
      "VCE=-3.78 V\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import division\n",
    "\n",
    "VCC=4.5#\n",
    "RC=1.5*10**3#\n",
    "RE=0.27*10**3#\n",
    "R2=2.7*10**3#\n",
    "R1=27*10**3#\n",
    "B=44#\n",
    "VBE=-0.3#\n",
    "VB=-VCC*R2/(R1+R2)#\n",
    "print 'VB=%0.2f V'%VB\n",
    "VE=VB-VBE#\n",
    "print 'VE=%0.2f V'%VE\n",
    "IE=-VE/RE#\n",
    "IC=IE#\n",
    "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n",
    "VRC=IC*RC#\n",
    "print 'VRC=%0.2f V'%VRC\n",
    "VC=-(VCC-VRC)\n",
    "print 'VC=%0.2f V'%VC\n",
    "VCE=VC-(VE)#\n",
    "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 2",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python2"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 2
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
   "version": "2.7.9"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}