{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:4fa0d818a53ec5608949c7725a11f84c78952680d73d506e4179ac596da192fb" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Chapter 38: Synchronous Motor" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.1, Page Number:1495" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "p=75#kW\n", "f=50#Hz\n", "v=440#V\n", "pf=0.8\n", "loss=0.95\n", "xs=2.5#ohm\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "ns=120*f/4\n", "pm=p*1000/loss\n", "ia=pm/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", "vol_phase=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "mechanical power= 78947.3684211 W\n", "armature current= 129.489444346 A\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.2, Page Number:1498" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import cmath\n", "#variable declaration\n", "p=20\n", "vl=693#V\n", "r=10#ohm\n", "lag=0.5#degrees\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "#lag=0.5\n", "alpha=p*lag/2\n", "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", "zs=complex(0,10)\n", "ia=er/zs\n", "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", "print \"displacement:0.5%\"\n", "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"\n", "print \"\"\n", "\n", "#lag=5\n", "lag=5\n", "alpha=p*lag/2\n", "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", "zs=complex(0,10)\n", "ia=er/zs\n", "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", "\n", "print \"displacement:5%\"\n", "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "displacement:0.5%\n", "alpha= 5.0 degrees\n", "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", "armature current/phase= (3.4871338335-0.152251551219j) A\n", "power drawn= 4189.63221768 W\n", "\n", "displacement:5%\n", "alpha= 50 degrees\n", "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", "armature current/phase= (30.6497244054-14.2922012106j) A\n", "power drawn= 40591.222447 W\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.3, Page Number:1499" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400.0#V/ph\n", "i=32.0#A/ph\n", "xs=10.0#ohm\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xs)**2)\n", "delta=math.atan((i*xs)/v)\n", "power=3*v*i\n", "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", "\n", "\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "E= 512.249938995 V\n", "delta= 38.6598082541 degrees\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 15 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.4, Page Number:1506" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "w=150#kW\n", "f=50#Hz\n", "v=2300#V\n", "n=1000#rpm\n", "xd=32#ohm\n", "xq=20#ohm\n", "alpha=16#degrees\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "eb=2*vp\n", "ex_power=eb*vp*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/xd\n", "rel_power=(vp**2*(xd-xq)*math.sin(math.radians(2*alpha)))/(2*xd*xq)\n", "pm=3*(ex_power+rel_power)\n", "tg=9.55*pm/1000\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", "\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "torque= 1121.29686485 N-m\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 27 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.5, Page Number:1506" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", "from sympy import Symbol\n", "#variable declaration\n", "x=Symbol('x')\n", "v=3300.0#V\n", "P=1.5#MW\n", "phi=3.0\n", "xd=4.0#ohm per phase\n", "xq=3.0#ohm per phase\n", "sin_phi=0\n", "cos_phi=1\n", "phi=0\n", "#calculations\n", "v1=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "ia=P*math.pow(10,6)/(math.sqrt(3)*v*cos_phi)\n", "tan_sigma=(v1*sin_phi-ia*xq)/(v1*cos_phi)\n", "sigma=math.atan(tan_sigma)\n", "alpha=phi-sigma\n", "i_d=ia*math.sin(sigma)\n", "iq=ia*math.cos(sigma)\n", "eb=v1*math.cos(alpha)-i_d*xd\n", "#eb=1029sin(alpha)+151sin(2*alpha)\n", "#dPm/d(alpha)=1029sin(alpha)+151sin(2*alpha)=0\n", "ans=solve([(604.0*x**2+1029.0*x-302.0)],[x])\n", "alpha2=math.acos(math.radians(ans[1][0]))\n", "Pm=1029*math.sin(alpha2)+151*math.sin(alpha2)\n", "max_P=Pm*3\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"Maximum mechanical power which the motor would develop=\",round(max_P),\"kW\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Maximum mechanical power which the motor would develop= 3540.0 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 27 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.6, Page Number:1506" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=11000#V\n", "ia=60#A\n", "r=1#ohm\n", "x=30#ohm\n", "pf=0.8\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "p2=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf\n", "cu_loss=ia**2*3\n", "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", "zs=x\n", "z_drop=ia*zs\n", "eb=math.sqrt((vp**2+z_drop**2-(2*vp*z_drop*math.cos(theta+phi))))*math.sqrt(3)\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"power supplied=\",p2/1000,\"kW\"\n", "print \"mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"KW\"\n", "print \"induced emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", "\n", " " ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "power supplied= 914.522826396 kW\n", "mechanical power= 903.722826396 KW\n", "induced emf= 13039.2734763 V\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 1 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.7, Page Number:1507" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400#V\n", "i=32#A\n", "pf=1\n", "xd=10#ohm\n", "xq=6.5#ohm\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xq)**2)+((xd-xq)*14.8)\n", "delta=math.atan((i*xq)/v)\n", "power=3*v*i\n", "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "E= 502.648089715 V\n", "delta= 27.4744316263 degrees\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 60 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.8, Page Number:1508" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=500#V\n", "output=7.46#kW\n", "pf=0.9\n", "r=0.8#ohm\n", "loss=500#W\n", "ex_loss=800#W\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "pm=output*1000+loss+ex_loss\n", "ia=(v*pf-math.sqrt(v**2*pf**2-4*r*pm))/(2*r)\n", "m_input=loss*ia*pf\n", "efficiency=output*1000/m_input\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"commercial efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "commercial efficiency= 82.1029269497 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 3 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.9, Page Number:1509" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=2300#V\n", "r=0.2#ohm\n", "x=2.2#ohm\n", "pf=0.5\n", "il=200#A\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "theta=math.atan(x//r)\n", "v=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"Eb=\",eb,\"volt/phase\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Eb= 1708.04482042 volt/phase\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 12 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.10, Page Number:1509" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "vl=6600#V\n", "f=50#Hz\n", "il=50#A\n", "r=1#ohm\n", "x=20#ohm\n", "pf=0.8\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "#0.8 lagging\n", "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi-theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", "\n", "print \"0.8 lag: Eb=\",eb\n", "\n", "#0.8 leading\n", "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", "\n", "print \"0.8 leading:Eb=\",eb" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "0.8 lag: Eb= 5651.1180113\n", "0.8 leading:Eb= 7705.24623679\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 18 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.11, Page Number:1510" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "x=0.4\n", "pf=0.8\n", "v=100#V\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "#calculations\n", "#pf=1\n", "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2)\n", "#pf=0.8 lag\n", "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)-phi)))\n", "#pf=0.8 lead\n", "eb3=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", "#result\n", "print \"pf=1: Eb=\",eb,\"V\"\n", "print \"pf=0.8 lag:Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", "print \"pf=0.8 lead:Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "pf=1: Eb= 107.703296143 V\n", "pf=0.8 lag:Eb= 82.4621125124 V\n", "pf=0.8 lead:Eb= 128.062484749 V\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 25 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.12, Page Number:1510" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaraion\n", "load=1000#kVA\n", "v=11000#V\n", "r=3.5#ohm\n", "x=40#ohm\n", "pf=0.8\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "ia=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "ra=ia*r\n", "xa=ia*x\n", "za=math.sqrt(ra**2+xa**2)\n", "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", "\n", "#pf=1\n", "eb1=math.sqrt(vp**2+za**2-(2*vp*za*math.cos(theta)))\n", "alpha1=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta)/eb1)\n", "\n", "#pf=0.8 lag\n", "eb2=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta-phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", "alpha2=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta-phi)/eb2)\n", "#pf=1\n", "eb3=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta+phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", "alpha3=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb3)\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"at pf=1\"\n", "print \"Eb=\",eb1*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha1),\"degrees\"\n", "print \"at pf=0.8 lagging\"\n", "print \"Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", "print \"at pf=0.8 leading\"\n", "print \"Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"\n", "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha3),\"degrees\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "at pf=1\n", "Eb= 11283.8105339 V\n", "alpha= 18.7256601694 degrees\n", "at pf=0.8 lagging\n", "Eb= 8990.39249633 V\n", "alpha= 10.0142654731 degrees\n", "at pf=0.8 leading\n", "Eb= 13283.8907748 V\n", "alpha= 7.71356041367 degrees\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 56 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.14, Page Number:1513" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "z=complex(0.5,0.866)\n", "v=200#V\n", "output=6000#W\n", "loss=500#W\n", "i=50#A\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "cu_loss=i**2*z.real\n", "motor_intake=output+loss+cu_loss\n", "phi=math.acos(motor_intake/(v*i))\n", "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", "zs=abs(z)*i\n", "eb1=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)-phi)))\n", "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)+phi)))\n", "#result\n", "print \"lag:eb=\",eb1,\"V\"\n", "print \"lag:eb=\",eb2,\"V\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "lag:eb= 154.286783862 V\n", "lag:eb= 213.765547573 V\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 65 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.15, Page Number:1513" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=2200#V\n", "f=50#Hz\n", "z=complex(0.4,6)\n", "lag=3#degrees\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "eb=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "alpha=lag*8/2\n", "er=math.sqrt(eb**2+eb**2-(2*eb*eb*(math.cos(math.radians(alpha)))))\n", "zs=abs(z)\n", "ia=er/zs\n", "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", "phi=theta-(math.asin(eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/er))\n", "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", "total_input=3*eb*ia*pf\n", "cu_loss=3*ia**2*z.real\n", "pm=total_input-cu_loss\n", "pm_max=(eb*eb/zs)-(eb**2*z.real/(zs**2))\n", "#result\n", "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", "print \"power of the motor=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"\n", "print \"max power of motor=\",pm_max/1000,\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "armature current= 44.1583059199 A\n", "power factor= 0.99927231631\n", "power of the motor= 165.803353329 kW\n", "max power of motor= 250.446734776 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 72 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.16, Page Number:1514" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "eb=250#V\n", "lead=150#degrees\n", "v=200#V\n", "x=2.5#times resistance\n", "alpha=lead/3\n", "#calculations\n", "er=math.sqrt(v**2+eb**2-(2*v*eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha))))\n", "theta=math.atan(x)\n", "phi=math.radians(90)-theta\n", "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", "\n", "#results\n", "print \"pf at which the motor is operating=\",pf" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "pf at which the motor is operating= 0.928476690885\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 73 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.17, Page Number:1514" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=6600#V\n", "r=10#ohm\n", "inpt=900#kW\n", "e=8900#V\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", "icos=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", "bc=r*icos\n", "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", "oc=ac-vp\n", "phi=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", "i=icos/math.cos(phi)\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"Line current=\",i,\"A\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "Line current= 149.188331836 A\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 82 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.18, Page Number:1515" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=6600#V\n", "x=20#ohm\n", "inpt=1000#kW\n", "pf=0.8\n", "inpt2=1500#kW\n", "\n", "#variable declaration\n", "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "ia1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", "zs=x\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "ia1zs=ia1*zs\n", "eb=math.sqrt(va**2+ia1zs**2-(2*va*ia1zs*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", "ia2cosphi2=inpt2*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", "cosphi2=x*ia2cosphi2\n", "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-cosphi2*2)\n", "phi2=math.atan(ac/cosphi2)\n", "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", "alpha2=math.atan(cosphi2/ac)\n", "\n", "#results\n", "print \"new power angle=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", "print \"new power factor=\",pf" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "new power angle= 25.8661450552 degrees\n", "new power factor= 0.436270181217\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 97 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.19, Page Number:1515" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400#V\n", "inpt=5472#W\n", "x=10#ohm\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "iacosphi=inpt/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", "zs=x\n", "iazs=iacosphi*zs\n", "ac=math.sqrt(va**2-iazs**2)\n", "oc=va-ac\n", "bc=iazs\n", "phi=math.atan(oc/iazs)\n", "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", "ia=iacosphi/pf\n", "alpha=math.atan(bc/ac)\n", "#result\n", "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n", "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "load angle= 19.9987718079 degrees\n", "power factor= 0.984809614116\n", "armature current= 8.01997824686 A\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 2 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.20, Page Number:1515" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "import scipy\n", "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", "from sympy import Symbol\n", "#variable declaration\n", "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", "v=2000.0#V\n", "r=0.2#ohm\n", "xs=2.2#ohm\n", "inpt=800.0#kW\n", "e=2500.0#V\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "i1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "ep=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", "i2=solve(((i1*xs+r*i2)**2+(vp+i1*r-xs*i2)**2)-ep**2,i2)\n", "i=math.sqrt(i1**2+i2[0]**2)\n", "pf=i1/i\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"line currrent=\",i,\"A\"\n", "print \"power factor=\",pf" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "line currrent= 241.492937915 A\n", "power factor= 0.956301702525\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 152 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.21, Page Number:1516" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=440#V\n", "f=50#Hz\n", "inpt=7.46#kW\n", "r=0.5#ohm\n", "pf=0.75\n", "loss=500#W\n", "ex_loss=650#W\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", "power=inpt*1000+ex_loss\n", "output=inpt*1000-cu_loss-loss\n", "efficiency=output/power\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", "print \"power=\",power,\"W\"\n", "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "armature current= 13.0516151762 A\n", "power= 8110.0 W\n", "efficiency= 82.6693343026 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 156 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.22, Page Number:1517" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "v=3300#V\n", "x=18#ohm\n", "pf=0.707\n", "inpt=800#kW\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", "ip=ia/math.sqrt(3)\n", "zs=x\n", "iazs=ip*zs\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "theta=math.radians(90)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+iazs**2-(2*v*iazs*(-1)*pf))\n", "alpha=math.asin(iazs*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb)\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"excitation emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", "print \"rotor angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "excitation emf= 4972.19098879 V\n", "rotor angle= 17.0098509277 degrees\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 157 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.23, Page Number:1517" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "inpt=75#kW\n", "v=400#V\n", "r=0.04#ohm\n", "x=0.4#ohm\n", "pf=0.8\n", "efficiency=0.925\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", "ia=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", "iazs=ia*zs\n", "phi=math.atan(x/r)\n", "theta=math.radians(90)-phi\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", "ns=120*50/40\n", "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"emf=\",eb,\"eb\"\n", "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "emf= 235.683320812 eb\n", "mechanical power= 79437.5456538 W\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 158 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.24, Page Number:1517" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400#V\n", "f=50#Hz\n", "r=0.5#ohm\n", "zs=x=4#ohm\n", "i=15#A\n", "i2=60#A\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "iazs=i*zs\n", "xs=math.sqrt(x**2-r**2)\n", "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta)))\n", "iazs2=i2*zs\n", "phi=theta-math.acos(vp**2-vp**2+iazs2**2/(2*vp*iazs2))\n", "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", "input_m=math.sqrt(3)*v*i2*pf\n", "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", "ns=120*50/6\n", "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"gross torque developed=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", "print \"new power factor=\",pf" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "gross torque developed= 310.739709828 N-m\n", "new power factor= 0.912650996943\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 161 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.25, Page Number:1518" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400#V\n", "inpt=7.46#kW\n", "xs=10#W/phase\n", "efficiency=0.85\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", "il=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", "zs=il*xs\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+zs**2)\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"minimum current=\",il,\"A\"\n", "print \"inducedemf=\",eb,\"V\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "minimum current= 12.6677441416 A\n", "inducedemf= 263.401798584 V\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 164 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.26, Page Number:1518" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400#V\n", "f=50#Hz\n", "inpt=37.5#kW\n", "efficiency=0.88\n", "zs=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", "pf=0.9\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "input_m=inpt/efficiency\n", "ia=input_m*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "er=ia*abs(zs)\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "theta=math.atan(zs.imag/zs.real)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", "alpha=math.asin(math.sin(theta+phi)*er/eb)\n", "pm=3*eb*vp*math.sin(alpha)/abs(zs)\n", "#result\n", "print \"excitation emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", "print \"total mechanical power developed=\",pm,\"W\"\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "excitation emf= 495.407915636 V\n", "total mechanical power developed= 44844.4875189 W\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 206 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.27, Page Number:1519" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "import scipy\n", "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", "from sympy import Symbol\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=6600.0#V\n", "xs=20.0#ohm\n", "inpt=1000.0#kW\n", "pf=0.8\n", "inpt2=1500.0#kW\n", "phi2=Symbol('phi2')\n", "#calculations\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", "theta=math.radians(90)\n", "er=ia*xs\n", "zs=xs\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", "alpha=math.asin(inpt2*1000*zs/(3*eb*vp))\n", "#vp/eb=cos(alpha+phi2)/cos(phi2)\n", "#solving we get\n", "phi2=math.radians(19.39)\n", "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", "#result\n", "print \"new power factor=\",pf\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "new power factor= 0.943280616635\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 228 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.28, Page Number:1519" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400#V\n", "x=4#ohms/phase\n", "r=0.5#ohms/phase\n", "ia=60#A\n", "pf=0.866\n", "loss=2#kW\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "zs=abs(complex(r,x))\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "iazs=ia*zs\n", "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", "pm_max=(eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2)\n", "pm=3*pm_max\n", "output=pm-loss*1000\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"maximum power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "maximum power output= 51.3898913442 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 229 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.29, Page Number:1519" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "z=10#ohm\n", "x=0.5#ohm\n", "v=2000#V\n", "f=25#Hz\n", "eb=1600#V\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "pf=x/z\n", "pm_max=(eb*v/z)-(eb**2*pf/zs)\n", "ns=120*f/6\n", "tg_max=9.55*pm_max/ns\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"maximum total torque=\",tg_max,\"N-m\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "maximum total torque= 5505.51976175 N-m\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 231 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.30, Page Number:1520" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variabke declaration\n", "v=2000#V\n", "n=1500#rpm\n", "x=3#ohm/phase\n", "ia=200#A\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "eb=vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "zs=ia*x\n", "sinphi=(eb**2-vp**2-zs**2)/(2*zs*vp)\n", "phi=math.asin(sinphi)\n", "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", "pi=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf/1000\n", "tg=9.55*pi*1000/n\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"power input=\",pi,\"kW\"\n", "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "power input= 669.029147347 kW\n", "power factor= 0.965660395791\n", "torque= 4259.48557144 N-m\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 234 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.31, Page Number:1520" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=3300#V\n", "r=2#ohm\n", "x=18#ohm\n", "e=3800#V\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", "alpha=theta\n", "er=math.sqrt(vp**2+eb**2-(2*vp*eb*math.cos(theta)))\n", "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", "ia=er/zs\n", "pm_max=((eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2))*3\n", "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v*ia)\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"maximum total mechanical power=\",pm_max,\"W\"\n", "print \"current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", "print \"pf=\",pf\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "maximum total mechanical power= 604356.888001 W\n", "current= 151.417346198 A\n", "pf= 0.857248980398\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 235 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.32, Page Number:1521" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=415#V\n", "e=520#V\n", "z=complex(0.5,4)\n", "loss=1000#W\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", "er=math.sqrt(v**2+e**2-(2*v*e*math.cos(theta)))\n", "zs=abs(z)\n", "i=er/zs\n", "il=math.sqrt(3)*i\n", "pm_max=((e*v/zs)-(e**2*z.real/zs**2))*3\n", "output=pm_max-loss\n", "cu_loss=3*i**2*z.real\n", "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*il*v)\n", "efficiency=output/input_m\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"\n", "print \"line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "power output= 134.640174346 kW\n", "line current= 268.015478962 A\n", "power factor= 0.890508620247\n", "efficiency= 78.4816159071 %\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 240 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.33, Page Number:1524" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "v=400#V\n", "inpt=37.3#kW\n", "efficiency=0.88\n", "z=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", "pf=0.9\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "zs=abs(z)\n", "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*efficiency*pf)\n", "izs=zs*il\n", "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", "cu_loss=3*il**2*z.real\n", "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"induced emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", "print \"total mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "induced emf= 494.75258624 V\n", "total mechanical power= 39.6138268735 kW\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 243 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.34, Page Number:1525" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "inpt=48#kW\n", "v=693#V\n", "pf=0.8\n", "ratio=0.3\n", "x=2#W/phase\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", "zs=x\n", "izs=zs*il\n", "theta=math.atan(float(\"inf\"))\n", "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta-phi)))\n", "i_cosphi=pf*il\n", "bc=i_cosphi*x\n", "eb=eb+(ratio*eb)\n", "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", "oc=ac-vp\n", "phi2=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", "i2=i_cosphi/pf\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", "print \"pf=\",pf" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "current= 46.3871111945 A\n", "pf= 0.862084919821\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 251 }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Example Number 38.35, Page Number:1526" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import math\n", "#variable declaration\n", "load=60.0#kW\n", "inpt=240.0#kW\n", "pf=0.8\n", "pf2=0.9\n", "\n", "#calculations\n", "total_load=inpt+load\n", "phi=math.acos(pf2)\n", "kVAR=total_load*math.tan(phi)\n", "#factory load\n", "phil=math.acos(pf)\n", "kVAR=inpt*math.tan(phil)\n", "kVA=inpt/pf\n", "kVAR1=total_load*math.sin(phil)\n", "lead_kVAR=kVAR1-kVAR\n", "#synchronous motor\n", "phim=math.atan(lead_kVAR/load)\n", "motorpf=math.cos(phim)\n", "motorkVA=math.sqrt(load**2+lead_kVAR**2)\n", "\n", "#result\n", "print \"leading kVAR supplied by the motor=\",motorkVA\n", "print \"pf=\",pf" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "output_type": "stream", "stream": "stdout", "text": [ "leading kVAR supplied by the motor= 60.0\n", "pf= 0.8\n" ] } ], "prompt_number": 253 }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] } ], "metadata": {} } ] }