From 64d949698432e05f2a372d9edc859c5b9df1f438 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kinitrupti Date: Fri, 12 May 2017 18:40:35 +0530 Subject: Revised list of TBCs --- .../Chapter8.ipynb | 918 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 918 insertions(+) create mode 100755 backup/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla_version_backup/Chapter8.ipynb (limited to 'backup/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla_version_backup/Chapter8.ipynb') diff --git a/backup/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla_version_backup/Chapter8.ipynb b/backup/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla_version_backup/Chapter8.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..20076dfa --- /dev/null +++ b/backup/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla_version_backup/Chapter8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,918 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 8:Mechanism of Conduction in Semiconductors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.1,Page No:8.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 56, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Kinetic Energy = 0.1 eV\n", + "Momentum of electrons = 4.5e-26 kg m/s\n", + "Momentum of holes = 4.4e-26 kg m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Ephoton = 1.5; # energy of photon in eV\n", + "Eg = 1.4; # energy gap in eV\n", + "m = 9.1*10**-31; # mass of electron in kg\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; #charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "me_GaAs = 0.07; #times of electro mass in kilograms\n", + "mh_GaAs = 0.068; #times of electro mass in kilograms\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "Eke = Ephoton - Eg; #energy on eV\n", + "pe = math.sqrt(2*m*me_GaAs*Eke*e) # momentum of electrons in kg m/s\n", + "ph = math.sqrt(2*m*mh_GaAs*Eke*e) # momentum of electrons in kg m/s\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Kinetic Energy = %3.1f'%Eke,'eV';\n", + "print'Momentum of electrons = %3.1e'%pe,'kg m/s';\n", + "print'Momentum of holes = %3.1e'%ph,'kg m/s';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.2,Page No:8.27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 57, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Thermal equilibrium hole concentration = 1.15e+16 cm**-3\n", + "Note: Calculation mistake in textbook Nv is not multiplied by exponentiation\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "T1 = 300; # temperature in kelvin\n", + "nv = 1.04*10**19; #in cm**-3\n", + "T2 = 400; #temperature in K\n", + "fl = 0.25; #fermi level position in eV\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Nv = (1.04*10**19)*(T2/float(T1))**(3/float(2)); #Nv at 400 k in cm**-3\n", + "kT = (0.0259)*(T2/float(T1)); #kT in eV\n", + "po = Nv*math.exp(-(fl)/float(kT)); #hole oncentration in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Thermal equilibrium hole concentration = %3.2e '%po,'cm**-3';\n", + "print'Note: Calculation mistake in textbook Nv is not multiplied by exponentiation';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.3,Page No:8.27" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 58, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Intrinsic Carrier Concentration at 300K = 1.95e+06 cm**-3\n", + "Intrinsic Carrier Concentration at 300K = 3.34e+10 cm**-3\n", + " Note : Calculation mistake in textbook in finding carrier conc. at 450K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Nc = 3.8*10**17; #constant in cm**-3\n", + "Nv = 6.5*10**18; #constant in cm**-3\n", + "Eg = 1.42; # band gap energy in eV\n", + "KT1 = 0.03885; # kt value at 450K\n", + "T1 = 300; #temperature in K\n", + "T2 = 450; #temperature in K\n", + "\n", + "# calculation\n", + "n1i = math.sqrt(Nc*Nv*math.exp(-Eg/float(0.0259))); #intrinsic carrier concentration in cm**-3\n", + "n2i = math.sqrt(Nc*Nv*((T2/float(T1))**3) *math.exp(-Eg/float(KT1))); # intrinsic carrier conc at 450K in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Intrinsic Carrier Concentration at 300K = %3.2e'%n1i,'cm**-3';\n", + "print'Intrinsic Carrier Concentration at 300K = %3.2e'%n2i,'cm**-3';\n", + "print' Note : Calculation mistake in textbook in finding carrier conc. at 450K';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.4,Page No:8.28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 59, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The position of Fermi level with respect to middle of the bandgap is -12.7 meV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "mh = 0.56; #masses interms of m0\n", + "me = 1.08; #masses interms of m0\n", + "t = 27; #temperature in °C\n", + "k = 8.62*10**-5;\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "T = t+273; #temperature in K\n", + "fl = (3/float(4))*k*T*math.log(mh/float(me)); #position of fermi level in eV\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'The position of Fermi level with respect to middle of the bandgap is %3.1f'%(fl*10**3),'meV';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.5,Page No:8.30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 60, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Donor binding energy = 0.0052 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "mo = 9.11*10**-31; #mass of electron inkilograms\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "er = 13.2; #relative permitivity in F/m\n", + "eo = 8.85*10**-12; # permitivity in F/m\n", + "h = 6.63*10**-34; # plancks constant J.s\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "me = 0.067*mo; \n", + "E = (me*(e**4))/float((8*(eo*er)**2)*(h**2)*e); #energy in eV \n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Donor binding energy = %3.4f'%E,'eV';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.6,Page No:8.30" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 61, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Equlibrium hole concentration = 2.25e+03 cm**-3\n", + "Position of fermi energy level = 0.177 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "no = 10**17; # doping carrier conc\n", + "ni = 1.5*10**10; #intrinsic concentration\n", + "kT = 0.0259\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "po = (ni**2)/float(no); #Equlibrium hole concentration in cm**-3\n", + "fl = kT*math.log10(no/float(ni)); #Position of fermi energy level in eV\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Equlibrium hole concentration = %3.2e'%po,'cm**-3';\n", + "print'Position of fermi energy level = %3.3f'%fl,'eV';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.7,Page No:8.33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 62, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electrical conductivity of pure silicon =2.39e+03 ohm**-1.m**-1\n", + "Note:calculation mistake in electrical conductivity,and units of conductivity\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "k = 8.62*10**-5; #in eV/K\n", + "Eg = 1.10; #energy in eV\n", + "t1 = 200; #temperature in °C\n", + "t2 = 27; #temperature in °C\n", + "psi = 2.3*10**3;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "# sigma = sigmao*exp(-Eg/(2kT))\n", + "# k = sigma_473/sigma_300;\n", + "\n", + "t3 = t1+273; #temperature in K\n", + "t4 = t2+273; #temperature in K\n", + "k1 = math.exp((-Eg)/float(2*k*t3)); #electrical conductivity in cm**-1.m**-1\n", + "k2 = math.exp((-Eg)/float(2*k*t4)); #lectrical conductivity in cm**-1.m**-1\n", + "k = k1/float(k2);\n", + "pm = k/float(psi);\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print'electrical conductivity of pure silicon =%3.2e'%k,'ohm**-1.m**-1';\n", + "print'Note:calculation mistake in electrical conductivity,and units of conductivity';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.8,Page No:8.33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 63, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistivity = 0.5 Ω-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ni = 2.5*10**19; # carrier density in per m**3\n", + "q = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "un = 0.35; #mobility of electrons in m**2/V-s\n", + "up = 0.15; #mobility of electrons in m**2/V-s\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "sigma = ni*q*(un + up); #conductivity in per Ω-m\n", + "p = 1/float(sigma); #resistivity in Ω-m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Resistivity = %3.1f'%p,'Ω-m';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.9,Page No:8.33" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 64, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Intrinsic Carrier Concentration = 1.04e+16 m**-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p = 3.16*10**3; # resistivity Ω-m\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "ue = 0.14; #mobility of electrons in m**2/V-s\n", + "uh = 0.05; #mobility of holes in m**2/V-s\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "\n", + "n = 1/float((p*e)*(ue + uh)); #carrier density in m**-3\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Intrinsic Carrier Concentration = %3.2e'%n,'m**-3';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.10,Page No:8.34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 65, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The factor by which the majority conc. is more than the intrinsic carrier conc = 2942\n", + "Hole concentration = 5.1e+15 m**-3\n", + "Conductivity = 2542 ohm**-1 m**-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p = 5.32*10**3; #density of germanium\n", + "Nav = 6.023*10**26; # Avagadros number\n", + "AW = 72.59; # atomic wt\n", + "ni = 1.5*10**19; # carrier density\n", + "ue = 0.36;\n", + "uh = 0.18;\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19;\n", + "\n", + "# calculations\n", + "N = (p*Nav)/float(AW); # no of germanium atoms per unit volume\n", + "Nd = N*10**-6 ; # no of pentavalent impurity atoms/m**3\n", + "f = Nd/float(ni);\n", + "nh = (ni**2)/float(Nd); # hole concentration\n", + "sigma = e*((Nd*ue)+(nh*uh));\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'The factor by which the majority conc. is more than the intrinsic carrier conc = %d'%f;\n", + "print'Hole concentration = %3.1e'%nh,'m**-3';\n", + "print'Conductivity = %d'%sigma,'ohm**-1 m**-1';\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.11,Page No:8.34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 66, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Carrier Density = 3.1e+21 m**-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p = 5*10**-3; # resistivity in Ω-m\n", + "ue = 0.3; # electron mobility m**2/volt-s\n", + "uh = 0.1; # hole mobility m**2/volt-s\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19 # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "\n", + "# calculations\n", + "sigma = 1/float(p); # conductivity in per Ω -m\n", + "n = sigma/float(e*(ue + uh)); # carrier density per m**3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Carrier Density = %3.1e'%n,'m**-3';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.12,Page No:8.35" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 67, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Drift velocity = 10 m/s\n", + " time = 1e-05 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Jd = 500; # current density A/m**2\n", + "p = 0.05; # resistivity in Ω-m\n", + "l = 100*10**-6; # travel length m\n", + "ue = 0.4; # electron mobility m**2/Vs\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "ne = 1/float(p*e*ue); #in per m**3\n", + "vd = Jd/float(ne*e); #drift velocity in m/s\n", + "t = l/float(vd); #time teken in s\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'Drift velocity = %d'%vd,'m/s';\n", + "print' time = %3.0e'%t,'s';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.13,Page No:8.35" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 68, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "temperature rise is of = 5.91 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "#psi1 is increased by 30%, psi1/ps2 is 130/100\n", + "a = 1.3; #ratio of psi1/psi2\n", + "K = 8.82*10**-5; #constant in eV/K\n", + "Eg = 0.719; #band gap in eV/K\n", + "T = 300; #temperature in K\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "d=1/float((1/float(T))-((2*K/float(Eg))*math.log(1.3)));\n", + "dT=d-T; #temperature rise in K\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print'temperature rise is of = %3.2f'%dT,'K';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.14,Page No:8.39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 69, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Conductivity of the compensated p-type semiconductor is 0.492\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v = 5; # voltage in volts\n", + "r = 10; # resistance in k-ohm\n", + "J = 60; # current density in A/cm**2\n", + "E = 100; # electric field in V.m**-1\n", + "Nd = 5*10**15; # in cm**-3\n", + "up = 410; # approx hole mobility cm**2/V-s\n", + "Na = 1.25*10**16; # approx in cm**-3\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "I = v/float(r); # total current A\n", + "A = I/float(J); # cross sectional area cm**2\n", + "L = v/float(E) # length of resistor cm\n", + "sigma = L/float(r*A); #conductivity in (Ω-cm)**-1\n", + "sigma_comp = e*up*(Na - Nd); #conductivity in (Ω-cm)**-1\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Conductivity of the compensated p-type semiconductor is %3.3f'%sigma_comp;" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.15,Page No:8.39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 70, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Diffusion Current Density = 120 A/cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "Dn = 250; # electron diffusion co-efficient cm**2/s\n", + "n1 = 10**18; # electron conc. in cm**-3\n", + "n2 = 7*10**17; # electron conc. in cm**-3\n", + "dx = 0.10; # distance in cm\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "Jdiff = e*Dn*((n1-n2)/float(dx)); #diffusion current density A/cm**2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Diffusion Current Density = %d '%Jdiff,'A/cm**2';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.16,Page No:8.43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 71, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Wavelength at which Ge starts to absorb light = 16550 Å\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "# Variable declaration\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "Eg = 0.75; #bandgap energy eV\n", + "c = 3*10**8; # velocity of light in m\n", + "h = 6.62*10**-34; # plancks constant in J.s\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "lamda = (h*c)/float(Eg*e); # wavelength in Å\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Wavelength at which Ge starts to absorb light = %d '%(lamda*10**10),'Å';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.17,Page No:8.43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 72, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "cutoff wavelength =0.92 um\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Eg = 1.35*1.6*10**-19; #energy in eV\n", + "h = 6.63*10**-34; #plancks constant in J.s\n", + "c = 3*10**8; #velocity in m\n", + " \n", + "#calculation\n", + "lamda = (h*c)/float(Eg); #wavelength in m\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print'cutoff wavelength =%3.2f '%(lamda*10**6),'um';\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.18,Page No:8.43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 73, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "bandgap energy = 0.701 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "h = 6.62*10**-34 # plancks constant J.s\n", + "c = 3*10**8; # velocity of light in m\n", + "lamda = 1771*10**-9; # wavelengthg in m\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19 # charge of electron in coulombs\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "Eg = (h*c)/float(lamda*e); #bandgap energy eV\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'bandgap energy = %3.3f'%Eg,'eV';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.19,Page No:8.45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 74, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hall Voltage = 5.6 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "Nd = 10**21; # donar density per in m**3\n", + "H = 0.6; # magnetic field in T\n", + "J = 500; # current density A/m**2\n", + "d = 3*10**-3; # width in m\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19 # charge of electron coulombs\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "Ey = (J*H)/float(Nd*e); # field in V/m \n", + "vh = Ey*d; # hall voltage V\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print'Hall Voltage = %3.1f '%(vh*10**3),'mV';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.20,Page No:8.46" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 75, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current density = 2304 Ampere/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulomb\n", + "Rh = -0.0125; # hall co-efficient\n", + "ue = 0.36; # electron mobility\n", + "E = 80; # electric field\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "n = -1/float(Rh*e);\n", + "J = n*e*ue*E # current density in Ampere/m**2\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Current density = %d '%J,'Ampere/m**2';\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Example 8.21,Page No:8.46" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 76, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hall angle = 1.1740 °\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p = 0.00893; # resistivity in ohm-m \n", + "Hz = 0.5; # field in weber/m**2\n", + "Rh = 3.66*10**-4; # hall co-efficient hall coefficient in m**3\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "\n", + "u = Rh/float(p); #mobility of charge cerrier in m**2*(V**-1)*s**-1\n", + "theta_h = (math.atan(u*Hz))*(180/float(math.pi)); # hall angle in degrees\n", + "\n", + "# Result\n", + "print'Hall angle = %3.4f '%theta_h,'°';" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} -- cgit