From f270f72badd9c61d48f290c3396004802841b9df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kinitrupti Date: Fri, 12 May 2017 18:53:46 +0530 Subject: Removed duplicates --- Thermodynamics_by_C_P_Arora/Chapter11.ipynb | 350 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 350 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Thermodynamics_by_C_P_Arora/Chapter11.ipynb (limited to 'Thermodynamics_by_C_P_Arora/Chapter11.ipynb') diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_C_P_Arora/Chapter11.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_C_P_Arora/Chapter11.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..06493c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/Thermodynamics_by_C_P_Arora/Chapter11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,350 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:07129d26d6d361c6256f48cf43ea30152b9d8cd21fc1703b7734f18388f313fe" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 11:THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY RELATIONS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.1, Page No:510" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "p1=150; p2=200; p3=250; p4=300; p5=350; p6=400; p7=450; p8=500; p9=550; p10=600; p11=650; p12=700;\n", + "p13=750; p14=800; p15=850; p16=900; # Pressures of merect's boiler experiment in kPa\n", + "t1=111.4; t2=120.2; t3=127.4; t4=133.6; t5=138.9; t6=143.6; t7=147.9; t8=151.9; t9=155.5; t10=158.9; t11=162;\n", + "t12=165; t13=167.8; t14=170.4; t15=173; t16=175.4; # Temperatures of merect's boiler experiment in degree celcius\n", + "n=16;# Total number of readings taken \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation for constants\n", + "# Values of constant A & B\n", + "s_y= math.log10 (p1*p2*p3*p4*p5*p6*p7*p8*p9*p10*p11*p12*p13*p14*p15*p16);\n", + "s_x=1/(t1+273)+1/(t2+273)+1/(t3+273)+1/(t4+273)+1/(t5+273)+1/(t6+273)+1/(t7+273)+1/(t8+273)+1/(t9+273)+1/(t10+273)+1/(t11+273)+1/(t12+273)+1/(t13+273)+1/(t14+273)+1/(t15+273)+1/(t16+273);\n", + "s_xy=((math.log10 (p1))*1/(t1+273))+ ((math.log10 (p2))*1/(t2+273))+ ((math.log10 (p3))*1/(t3+273))+ ((math.log10 (p4))*1/(t4+273))+ ((math.log10 (p5))*1/(t5+273))+ ((math.log10 (p6))*1/(t6+273))+ ((math.log10 (p7))*1/(t7+273))+ ((math.log10 (p8))*1/(t8+273))+ ((math.log10 (p9))*1/(t9+273))+ ((math.log10 (p10))*1/(t10+273))+ ((math.log10 (p11))*1/(t11+273)) + ((math.log10 (p12))*1/(t12+273)) + ((math.log10 (p13))*1/(t13+273)) + ((math.log10 (p14))*1/(t14+273)) + ((math.log10 (p15))*1/(t15+273)) + ((math.log10 (p16))*1/(t16+273));\n", + "s_x2=(1/(273+t1))**2+(1/(273+t2))**2+(1/(273+t3))**2+(1/(273+t4))**2+(1/(273+t5))**2+(1/(273+t6))**2+(1/(273+t7))**2+(1/(273+t8))**2+(1/(273+t9))**2+(1/(273+t10))**2+(1/(273+t11))**2+(1/(273+t12))**2+(1/(273+t13))**2+(1/(273+t14))**2+(1/(273+t15))**2+(1/(273+t16))**2;\n", + "B= ((n*s_xy)-(s_x*s_y))/((n*s_x2)-((s_x)**2)); # Constant B\n", + "A=((s_y)-(B*s_x))/n; # Constant A\n", + "\n", + "#Result for constants\n", + "print \"Values of constant A & B\"\n", + "print \"A =\",round(A,5)\n", + "print \"B =\",round(B,1),\" (roundoff error)\"\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation for latent heat of vapourization\n", + "# The latent heat of vapourization\n", + "T=150; # The latent heat of vapourization at this temperature in degree celcius\n", + "d_T=20; d_p=258.7; # Temperature and pressure difference\n", + "vg=0.3928; vf=0.0011; # specific volume in m^3/kg\n", + "hfg=(T+273)*(vg-vf)*d_p/d_T; # Clapeyron equztion\n", + "\n", + "#Result for latent heat of vapourization\n", + "print \"The latent heat of vapourization at 150 oC =\",round(hfg,2),\"kJ/kg\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Values of constant A & B\n", + "A = 7.62068\n", + "B = -2091.6 (roundoff error)\n", + "The latent heat of vapourization at 150 oC = 2143.19 kJ/kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.3, Page No:517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "p5=6000; # Pressure of superheated steam in kPa\n", + "T5=723.15; # Temperature of superheated steam in kelvin\n", + "p1=0.6113; # Pressure at reference state in kPa\n", + "T1=273.16; # Temperature at reference state in kelvin\n", + "hfg1=2501.3; # Latent heat of vapourization of water at reference state in kJ/kg\n", + "R_1=8.3143; # Universal gas constant of air in kJ/kmol K\n", + "# The critical state properties of water\n", + "pc=2.09; # pressure in MPa\n", + "Tc=647.3; # Temperature in kelvin\n", + "h1=0; # Reference state in kJ/kg\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "h2=h1+hfg1; # specific enthalpy in kJ/kg \n", + "# At point 2\n", + "p2=p1; T2=T1;\n", + "z=0.9986;\n", + "r=18.015;\n", + "A2=(0.4278/(pc*10**4))*(Tc/T2)**2.5; # Constants\n", + "B=(0.0867/(pc*10**4))*(Tc/T2); # Constants\n", + "h2_h3=R_1*(T2/r)*(((-3/2)*(A2/B)*math.log (1+(B*p2/z)))+z-1); # Enthalpy difference between state 2 & 3\n", + "# At point 5\n", + "z1=0.9373;\n", + "A2=(0.4278/(pc*10**4))*(Tc/T5)**2.5; # Constants\n", + "B=(0.0867/(pc*10**4))*(Tc/T5); # Constants\n", + "h5_h4=R_1*(T5/r)*(((-3/2)*(A2/B)*math.log (1+(B*p5/z1)))+z1-1); # Enthalpy difference between state 5 & 4\n", + "a=1.6198;b=6.6*10**-4; # Constants\n", + "h4_h3=a*(T5-T1)+b*(T5**2-T1**2)/2; # Enthalpy difference between state 3 & 4\n", + "h5=h2-h2_h3+h5_h4+h4_h3; # Specific enthalpy at state 5 \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Specific enthalpy at state 5 = \",round(h5,1),\"kJ/kg (roundoff error)\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Specific enthalpy at state 5 = 3308.3 kJ/kg (roundoff error)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.4, Page No:527" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable declaration\n", + "T2=373; # Temperature of CO2 gas in kelvin\n", + "p2=100; # Pressure of CO2 gas in atm\n", + "T1=0; # Reference state temperature in kelvin\n", + "# The crictical constants for CO2 are \n", + "Tc=304.2; # Temperature in kelvin\n", + "Pc=72.9; # Pressure in atm\n", + "zc=0.275;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "# Refer figure 11.7 for state definition\n", + "h1_0=((-3.74*T2)+((30.53/(100**0.5))*((T2**1.5)/1.5))-((4.1/100)*((T2**2)/2))+((0.024/(100**2))*((T2**3)/3)));\n", + "Tr=T2/Tc; Pr=p2/Pc; # Reduced properties\n", + "# From generalized chart figure 11.6\n", + "hR_Tc=10.09;\n", + "h1_2=hR_Tc*Tc;\n", + "M=44; # Molecular weight\n", + "h10=h1_0/M; h12=h1_2/M;\n", + "h373=h10-h12; # The required enthalpy of CO2 gas at 373 K and 100 atm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The required enthalpy of CO2 gas at 373 K and 100 atm = \",round(h373,0),\"kJ/kg\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The required enthalpy of CO2 gas at 373 K and 100 atm = 168.0 kJ/kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.5, Page No:531" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "p1=11; # Initial pressure in bar\n", + "T1=40; # Initial temperature in degree celcius\n", + "p2=60; # Final pressure in bar\n", + "R_1=8.3143; # Universal gas constant in kJ/kmol K\n", + "# The crictical properties for natural gas \n", + "Tc=161; # Temperature in kelvin\n", + "Pc=46.4; # Pressure in bar\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "# Reduced properties are\n", + "Pr1=p1/Pc; Pr2=p2/Pc;\n", + "Tr1=(T1+273)/Tc;\n", + "# T2=T1, The ideal gas enthalpy h2*=h1*=h1\n", + "h21=-47.5; # From generalized enthalpy departure chart\n", + "M=16; # Molecular weight\n", + "Sp2_1=(R_1/M)*math.log (p2/p1)# for the difference in ideal gas entropies\n", + "Sp2_Sp_2=-0.1125; Sp_2_Sp_1=-2.1276; # Entropies in kJ/kg K\n", + "s2_s1=(Sp2_Sp_2)+(Sp_2_Sp_1);\n", + "q=(T1+273)*s2_s1; # Heat transfer\n", + "w=q-h21; # Work of compression\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Heat transfer = \",round(q,1),\"kJ/kg\",\"\\nWork of compression = \",round(w,0),\"kJ/kg\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Heat transfer = -701.2 kJ/kg \n", + "Work of compression = -654.0 kJ/kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.8, Page No:538" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable declaration\n", + "p1=10; # Initial pressure in MPa\n", + "T1=263; # Initial temperature in Kelvin\n", + "p2=1.5; # Final pressure in MPa\n", + "R_1=8.3143; # Universal gas constant in kJ/kmol K\n", + "M=28; # Molecular mass\n", + "# The crictical properties for nitrogen gas \n", + "Tc=126.2; # Temperature in kelvin\n", + "Pc=3.39; # Pressure in MPa\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "# Reduced properties are\n", + "Pr1=p1/Pc; Pr2=p2/Pc;\n", + "Tr1=T1/Tc;\n", + "# From the generalized chart for enthalpy departure at Pr1 & Tr1\n", + "h_11=8.7*Tc/M;\n", + "# The solution involves iteration procedure. Assume T2 and check if h2_h1=0\n", + "# First approximation T2=200 K\n", + "T2=200; # In K\n", + "Tr2=T2/Tc;\n", + "Cpr=1.046;\n", + "h_21=Cpr*(T2-T1);\n", + "# From the generalized chart for enthalpy departure at Pr1 & Tr1\n", + "h_22=1*Tc/M;\n", + "h2_h1=h_11-T2+T1-h_22;\n", + "# Second approximation \n", + "T2=190; # In K\n", + "Tr2=T2/Tc;\n", + "Cpr=1.046;\n", + "h_21=Cpr*(T2-T1);\n", + "# From the generalized chart for enthalpy departure at Pr1 & Tr1\n", + "h_22=1.5*Tc/M;\n", + "h2_h1=h_11-T2+T1-h_22;\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Here also h2-h1 != 0. Therefore the temperature is dropping. Thus Joule-Thomson coefficient is positive.\"\n", + "print \"There is cooling in this process\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Here also h2-h1 != 0. Therefore the temperature is dropping. Thus Joule-Thomson coefficient is positive.\n", + "There is cooling in this process\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11.9, Page No:544" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Tcammonia=405.9;\n", + "Tcwater=647.3;\n", + "Tr=0.576; # Condition of similarity\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Twater=Tcwater*Tr; # At reduced temperature Temperature of water\n", + "Tammonia=Tcammonia*Tr;#At reduced temperature Temperature of ammonia\n", + "# From steam table at Twater\n", + "hfgwater=2257;# specific enthalpy in kJ/kg \n", + "hfgammonia=Tcammonia/Tcwater *hfgwater; # Latent heat of vaporization of ammonia\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Latent heat of vaporization of ammonia =\",round(hfgammonia,0),\"kJ/kg\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Latent heat of vaporization of ammonia = 1415.0 kJ/kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit