From c7fe425ef3c5e8804f2f5de3d8fffedf5e2f1131 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hardythe1 Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2015 15:58:05 +0530 Subject: added books --- Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter_5.ipynb | 767 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 767 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter_5.ipynb (limited to 'Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter_5.ipynb') diff --git a/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter_5.ipynb b/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter_5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..98aa3041 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physical_Chemsitry/Chapter_5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,767 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:18c54e3b106846f46428edc2ce784211e8ed1cb16969a115044ec2bc914626ae" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 5 - The phase rule and solutions" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1 - pg 261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the molality of the mixture\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "m= 98.08 #gms\n", + "d= 1.102 #g ml^-1\n", + "m1= 165.3 #gm\n", + "v= 1000 #ml\n", + "wt=.15\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "form=d*v*wt/m\n", + "M= d*v-m1\n", + "norm=2*form\n", + "m2= m1*v/(m*M)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.3f %s' % (' molality = ',m2,'molal')\n", + "print '%s %.3f %s' %('Formality = ',form,'gm formula wt/l')\n", + "print '%s %.3f %s' %('Normality = ',norm,'N')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " molality = 1.799 molal\n", + "Formality = 1.685 gm formula wt/l\n", + "Normality = 3.371 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2 - pg 272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Increase in enthalpy\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T= -40 #C\n", + "v= 217.4 #cm^3\n", + "r= 8.8 # atm deg^-1\n", + "m= 18 #gms\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "H= (273+T)*(-v*m/1000)*r*(1.987/82.05)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.1f %s' % (' Increase in enthalpy =',H,'cal mole^-1')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Increase in enthalpy = -194.3 cal mole^-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3 - pg 279" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the density\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T= 27 #C\n", + "R= 0.08206 #cal/mol T\n", + "W= 28.6 #gms\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "d= W/((273.2+T)*R)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.3f %s' % (' density =',d,' g l^-1')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " density = 1.161 g l^-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4 - pg 289" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the mole fraction and total pressure\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "P= 408. #mm of Hg\n", + "P1= 141. # mm of Hg\n", + "p= 60.\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "P2= P*(100-p)/100.\n", + "P3= P1*p/100.\n", + "N= P2/(P2+P3)\n", + "P4= P2+P3\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.3f' % (' mole fraction = ',N)\n", + "print '%s %.1f %s' % (' \\n total pressure =',P4,' mm of Hg')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " mole fraction = 0.659\n", + " \n", + " total pressure = 247.8 mm of Hg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5 - pg 289" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the molality\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "P2= 760. #mm of Hg\n", + "m2= 2.18*10**-3\n", + "v= 23.5 #ml\n", + "p= 21.\n", + "p1= 79.\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "K= P2*55.5/m2\n", + "K1= 760*55.5*22.4*10**3/v\n", + "m= 55.5*(p*760/(100*K))+55.5*(p1*760/(100*K1))\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.2e %s' % (' molality =',m,'molal')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " molality = 1.29e-03 molal\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7 - pg 297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the percentage of Br in the vapors in steam distillation\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "Ph= 643. #mm of Hg\n", + "Mh= 18. #gms\n", + "Po= 117. #mm of Hg\n", + "Mo= 157. #gms\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "r= Ph*Mh/(Po*Mo)\n", + "P= 100*(1/(1+r))\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.1f %s' % (' percentage =',P,'percent')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " percentage = 61.3 percent\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8 - pg 306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the amounts of phases present at 375 and 370 C\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "n= 1 \n", + "n1= 0.5\n", + "n3= 0.36\n", + "n4= 0.67\n", + "n5= 0.34\n", + "r= 3\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "A= (n-n1)/(n1-n3)\n", + "A1= r*(n4-n1)/(n1-n5)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.1f' % (' amount of phase at 375 C = ',A)\n", + "print '%s %.1f' % (' \\n amount of phase at 370 C = ',A1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " amount of phase at 375 C = 3.6\n", + " \n", + " amount of phase at 370 C = 3.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9 - pg 311" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the vapour pressure\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "m= 100 #gms\n", + "m1= 1 #gms\n", + "m2= 2 #gms\n", + "P= 23.756 #mm of Hg\n", + "n= 18.02 \n", + "n1= 60.06\n", + "n2= 342.3 \n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "r= ((m1/n1)+(m2/n2))/((m1/n1)+(m2/n2)+(m/n))\n", + "dp= P*r\n", + "P1= P-dp\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.3f %s' % (' vapour pressure =',P1,' mm of Hg')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " vapour pressure = 23.660 mm of Hg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 11 - pg 315" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the boiling point of solution\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "kf= 0.514 #K/molal\n", + "m= 0.225 #molal\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "dT= kf*m\n", + "T2=dT+100.\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.3f %s' % (' boiling point =',T2,' C')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " boiling point = 100.116 C\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12 - pg 315" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the molecular weight of the solute\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "kb= 2.64 #C gm\n", + "dT= 0.083 #C\n", + "m= 120 #gms\n", + "W2= 0.764 #gms\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "m2= dT/kb\n", + "M2= W2*1000/(m2*m)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.1f %s' % (' molecular weight of solute =',M2,'gms')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " molecular weight of solute = 202.5 gms\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13 - pg 318" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the value of n\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T= 176.5 #C\n", + "T1= 158.8 #C\n", + "Kf= 37.7\n", + "W1= 0.522 #gms\n", + "W2= 0.0386 #gms\n", + "m= 12 #gms\n", + "m1= 1 #gm\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "m3= (T-T1)/Kf\n", + "M2= W2*1000/(m3*W1)\n", + "r= M2/(m+m1)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %d' % ('value of n = ',r)\n", + "print '%s %d %s' %('Molecular weight = ',M2,'gm')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "value of n = 12\n", + "Molecular weight = 157 gm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14 - pg 319" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the triple point of the system\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T= 273.2 #K\n", + "P= 0.0060 #atm\n", + "P1= 1 #atm\n", + "H= 3290 #cal\n", + "dV= -0.0907 #cc\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "dT= T*dV*(P-P1)/H\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.4f %s' % (' triple point =',dT,'C') \n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " triple point = 0.0075 C\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16 - pg 323" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the fraction of impurity in both cases\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "n= 100.\n", + "K= 2.\n", + "V= 100. #ml\n", + "V2= 1000. #ml\n", + "n= 10.\n", + "n1= 100.\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "x= (K*V/(K*V+(V2/n)))**n\n", + "y= (K*V/(K*V+(V2/n1)))**n1\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.4f' % (' fraction of impurity = ',x)\n", + "print '%s %.4f' % (' \\n fraction of impurity = ',y)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " fraction of impurity = 0.0173\n", + " \n", + " fraction of impurity = 0.0076\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 17 - pg 328" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the molecular weight of the protein\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "T= 27 #C\n", + "m= 0.635 #gms\n", + "V= 100 #ml\n", + "R= 0.08205 #cal/mol K\n", + "p= 2.35 #cm\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "M= 13.6*76*m*R*(T+273)*1000/(p*V)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %d %s' % (' molecular weight =',M,'gms')\n", + "print 'The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " molecular weight = 68747 gms\n", + "The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 18 - pg 328" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the osmotic pressure\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "import math\n", + "R= 0.08205 #cal/mol K\n", + "v1= 0.0180#cc\n", + "N= 0.9820\n", + "T= 273.2\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "P= -R*T*math.log(N)/v1\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.1f %s' % (' osmotic pressure =',P,'atm')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " osmotic pressure = 22.6 atm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 19 - pg 331" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the osmotic pressure\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "kf= 1.86\n", + "dT= 0.402 #K\n", + "T= 310 #K\n", + "R= 0.08205 #cal/mol K\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "P= dT*T*R/kf\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' % (' osmotic pressure =',P,'atm')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " osmotic pressure = 5.50 atm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 20 - pg 333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the Degrees of ionisation\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "m= 0.100 #gms\n", + "kf= 1.86 #K/gms\n", + "dT= 0.300 #K\n", + "v= 2\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "T= kf*m\n", + "i= dT/T\n", + "a= (i-1)/(v-1)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.2f' % (' Degrees of ionisation = ',a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Degrees of ionisation = 0.61\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 21 - pg 335" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the lowering of the freezing point\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "W= 0.0020 #M\n", + "W1= 0.0010 #M\n", + "W2= 0.0040 #M\n", + "T= 1.86 #C\n", + "n= 1 #moles\n", + "n1= 1 #moles\n", + "n2= 2 #moles\n", + "a= 1.122\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "dT= T*(W+W1+W2)\n", + "I= 0.5*(n**2*W+n1**2*W2+n2**2*W1)\n", + "g= 1-(2*a*I**1.5/(3*(W+W1+W2)))\n", + "dT1= g*dT\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.4f %s' % (' lowering the freezing point =',dT1,'C ')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " lowering the freezing point = 0.0125 C \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 22 - pg 338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate the activity coefficient of acetone and water\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "p= 1820 #mm\n", + "n= 2.5 #mole percent\n", + "f= 0.470\n", + "P= 420 #mm\n", + "n1= 97.5 #percent\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "P1= p*n/(100*760)\n", + "F= f/P1\n", + "F1= (1-f)*760.*100/(P*n1)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print '%s %.2f' % (' activity coefficient of acetone = ',F)\n", + "print '%s %.2f' % (' \\n activity coefficient of water = ',F1)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " activity coefficient of acetone = 7.85\n", + " \n", + " activity coefficient of water = 0.98\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit