From 238d7e632aecde748a97437c2b5774e136a3b4da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: nice Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 16:12:51 +0530 Subject: adding book --- Modern_Physics/Chapter2.ipynb | 418 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 418 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Modern_Physics/Chapter2.ipynb (limited to 'Modern_Physics/Chapter2.ipynb') diff --git a/Modern_Physics/Chapter2.ipynb b/Modern_Physics/Chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b0fca27c --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_Physics/Chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,418 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:eb498fc54ec9607231510853c13ca78b6bdacd256b3a6b8f272ed771d86d795c" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 2: Relativity II" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.1, page no. 44" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "m = 9.11 * 10 **-31 #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "c = 3.0 * 10**8 #speed of light(m/s)\n", + "u = 0.750 * c #speed of electron(m/s)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "p = m*u/(math.sqrt(1-(u**2/c**2))) \n", + "momentum = m * u\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The correct relativistic momentum is\",round(p/10**-22,2),\"X 10^-22 kg m/s\"\n", + "print \"The incorrect classical expression results in momentum equal to\",round(momentum/10**-22,2),\"X 10^-22 kg m/s\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The correct relativistic momentum is 3.1 X 10^-22 kg m/s\n", + "The incorrect classical expression results in momentum equal to 2.05 X 10^-22 kg m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.3, page no. 47" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "me = 9.11 * 10 **-31 #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "c = 3* 10** 8 #speed of light(m/s)\n", + "u = 0.850 * c #speed of electron (m/s)\n", + "e = 1.6 *10 **-19 #charge of electron(C)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "E = me*c**2/(e*math.sqrt(1-(u**2/c**2)))\n", + "K = E - (me*c**2/e)\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Total energy is\",round(E/10**6,2),\"Mev and the kinetic energy is \",round(K/10**6,3),\"Mev.\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Total energy is 0.97 Mev and the kinetic energy is 0.46 Mev.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.4, page no. 47" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "mp = 1.67 * 10 ** -27 #mass of proton (kg)\n", + "c = 3.0 * 10 ** 8 #speed of light(m/s)\n", + "e = 1.602 * 10 ** -19 #charge of electron (C)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "restenergy = mp * c**2/ e \n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The rest energy of proton is \",round(restenergy/10**6),\"Mev\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "E = 3.0 * restenergy\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "u = (math.sqrt(1-(1/(E/restenergy)**2))*c)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The speed of proton is\",round(u/10**8,2),\"X 10^8 m/s. \"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "K = E - restenergy\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The kinetic energy of proton is\",round(K/10**6),\"Mev\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "p=math.sqrt(round(E)**2 - round(restenergy)**2)/c\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The proton's momentum is \",round(p * c/10**6),\"Mev/c\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The rest energy of proton is 938.0 Mev\n", + "The speed of proton is 2.83 X 10^8 m/s. \n", + "The kinetic energy of proton is 1876.0 Mev\n", + "The proton's momentum is 2654.0 Mev/c\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5, page no. 49" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "u = 450.0 #speed of the balls(m/s)\n", + "c = 3.0 * 10 ** 8 #speed of light(m/s)\n", + "m = 5.0 #mass of the ball (kg)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "dM = 2* m *(1+(u**2/(2*c**2))-1) #because u^2/c^2 << 1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The mass increment is\",round(dM/10**-11,1),\"X10^-11 kg\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The mass increment is 1.1 X10^-11 kg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.7, page no. 50" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "u = 931.5 #atomic mass unit (MeV/c^2)\n", + "Mu = 236.045563 #mass of uranuim (u)\n", + "MRb = 89.914811 #mass of Rb (u)\n", + "MCs = 142.927220 #mass of cs(u)\n", + "mn = 1.008665 #mass of neutron (u)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "dm = Mu - (MRb + MCs + 3 * mn)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The reaction products have \",dm,\"u less than the initial uranium mass\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "c = 3.0 * 10 ** 8 #speed of light (m/s)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "dm = dm * u\n", + "Q = dm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"the energy given off per fission event is\",-round(Q,1),\"MeV\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "A = 6.02 * 10 ** 23 #Avagadro number\n", + "N = A * 1000/ Mu #number of nuclei\n", + "efficiency = 0.4\n", + "kWh = 4.435 * 10 **-20 #conversion (kWh/MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "E = efficiency * N * Q *kWh\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The total energy produced is \" ,round(E/10 **6,2),\"X 10^6 kWh\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The reaction products have 0.177537 u less than the initial uranium mass\n", + "the energy given off per fission event is -165.4 MeV\n", + "The total energy produced is 7.48 X 10^6 kWh\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8, page no. 52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + " \n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "e = 1.6 * 10 **-19 #charge of electron(C)\n", + "BE = 3 #binding energy of water(eV)\n", + "c = 3.0 * 10**8 #speed of light (m/s)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "dm = BE * e / c**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The mass difference is\",round(dm/10 **-36,1),\"X 10^-36 kg\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "MH2O = 3.0 * 10 **-26 #mass of water molecule (kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "fractional_loss= dm / MH2O\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The fractional loss of mass per gram of water formed is\",round(fractional_loss/10 ** -10,1),\"X 10^-10 \"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "dm = 1.8 * 10 ** -13 #change in mass when 1 gram of water is formed (kg)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "E = dm * c**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The energy released when 1 gram of H2O is formed is\",round(E/10**3),\"kJ\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The mass difference is 5.3 X 10^-36 kg\n", + "The fractional loss of mass per gram of water formed is 1.8 X 10^-10 \n", + "The energy released when 1 gram of H2O is formed is 16.0 kJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.9, page no. 52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "muCsq = 106 #energy of muon (Mev)\n", + "Ku = 4.6 #kinetic energy of muon (Mev)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "mpiCsq = math.sqrt(muCsq**2 + Ku**2 + 2*Ku *muCsq)+math.sqrt(Ku**2 + 2*Ku*muCsq)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The mass of the pion is \",round(mpiCsq),\"MeV/c^2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The mass of the pion is 142.0 MeV/c^2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit