From 435840cef00c596d9e608f9eb2d96f522ea8505a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hardythe1 Date: Tue, 5 May 2015 14:21:39 +0530 Subject: add books --- Materials_Science/Chapter07.ipynb | 724 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 724 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Materials_Science/Chapter07.ipynb (limited to 'Materials_Science/Chapter07.ipynb') diff --git a/Materials_Science/Chapter07.ipynb b/Materials_Science/Chapter07.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..82a2c634 --- /dev/null +++ b/Materials_Science/Chapter07.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,724 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:c09a61f5f13016fbda07546fd7ab3e30960d55a34ee491901311869fc5da9a32" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter07:Mechanical Tests of Metals" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.1:pg-146" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Example 7.1 : shear modulus of the material\n", + " \n", + "#given data :\n", + "E=210 # youngs's modulus in GN/m**2\n", + "v=0.3 # poisson ratio\n", + "G=E/(2*(1+v)) # shear modulus\n", + "\n", + "print \"shear modulus,G(GN/m**2) = \",round(G,2)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "shear modulus,G(GN/m**2) = 80.77\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.2:pg-152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Example 7.2 : young's modulus of elasticity,yield point stress, ultimate stress and percentage elongation\n", + " \n", + "#given data :\n", + "d=40.0*10**-3 #in m\n", + "W=40.0*10**3 # load in N\n", + "del_l=3.04*10**-5 # in m\n", + "L=200.0*10**-3 # in m\n", + "load_max=242.0*10**3 #in N\n", + "l=249*10.0**-3 # length of specimen in m\n", + "l0=(d+L) # in m\n", + "A=(math.pi*d**2)/4.0\n", + "\n", + "b=W/A\n", + "\n", + "epsilon=del_l/L\n", + "\n", + "E=(b/epsilon)\n", + "\n", + "print\"young modulus,E(N/m**2) = \",E\n", + "\n", + "Y_load=161*10**3\n", + "\n", + "Y_stress=Y_load/A\n", + "\n", + "print \"yield point stress,Y_stress(N/m**2) = \",Y_stress\n", + "\n", + "U_stress=load_max/A\n", + "\n", + "print \"ultimate stress,U_stress(N/m**2) = \",U_stress\n", + "\n", + "p_elongation=((l-l0)/l0)*100\n", + "\n", + "print \"percentage elongation,p_elongation(%) = \",p_elongation\n", + "#percentage elongation is calculated wrong in textbook\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "young modulus,E(N/m**2) = 2.09414398805e+11\n", + "yield point stress,Y_stress(N/m**2) = 128119729.189\n", + "ultimate stress,U_stress(N/m**2) = 192577481.141\n", + "percentage elongation,p_elongation(%) = 3.75\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.3.a:pg-153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.3.a: yield point stress\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "yl=40.0 #yeild load in kN\n", + "ml=71.5 #maximum load in kN\n", + "fl=50.5 #fracture load in kN\n", + "glf=79.5 #gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "st=7.75*10**-4 #strain at load of 20kN\n", + "d=12.5 #specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5 #specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d*10**-3)**2)/4.0 # in meter square\n", + "ylp=((yl*10.0**3)/(A)) #yeild point stress in N/m**2\n", + "print \"yeild point stress in N/m**2 is \",ylp \n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "yeild point stress in N/m**2 is 325949323.452\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.3.b:pg-153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.3.b: ultimate tensile strength\n", + " \n", + "yl=40.0 #yeild load in kN\n", + "ml=71.5 #maximum load in kN\n", + "fl=50.5 #fracture load in kN\n", + "glf=79.5 #gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "st=7.75*10**-4 #strain at load of 20kN\n", + "d=12.5 #specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5 #specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d*10**-3)**2)/4.0 # in meter square\n", + "ylp=((yl*10.0**3)/(A)) #yeild point stress in N/m**2\n", + "uts=((ml*10.0**3)/(A)) #ultimate tensile strangth in N/m**2\n", + "print uts,\"is ultimate tensile strangth in N/m**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "582634415.671 is ultimate tensile strangth in N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.3.c:pg153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.3.c: percentage elongation\n", + " \n", + "yl=40 #yeild load in kN\n", + "ml=71.5 #maximum load in kN\n", + "fl=50.5 #fracture load in kN\n", + "glf=79.5 #gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "st=7.75*10**-4 #strain at load of 20kN\n", + "d=12.5 #specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5 #specimen length in mm\n", + "a=(math.pi*d*10**-3)**2/4 # in meter square\n", + "pel=((glf-sl)/sl)*100 #percentage elongation\n", + "print pel,\"% is percentage elongation\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "27.2 % is percentage elongation\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.3.d:pg-153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.3.d:modulus of elasticity\n", + "import math\n", + "yl=40 #yeild load in kN\n", + "ml=71.5 #maximum load in kN\n", + "fl=50.5 #fracture load in kN\n", + "glf=79.5 #gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "st=7.75*10**-4 #strain at load of 20kN\n", + "d=12.5 #specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5 #specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d*10**-3)**2)/4.0 # in meter square\n", + "ylp=((yl*10**3)/(A)) #yeild point stress in N/m**2\n", + "uts=((ml*10**3)/(A)) #ultimate tensile strangth in N/m**2\n", + "pel=((glf-sl)/sl)*100 #percentage elongation\n", + "strss=((20*10**3)/A) #stress at 20kN in N/m**2\n", + "mel=strss/st #modulus of elasticity in N/m**2\n", + "print round(mel,2),\"is modulus of elasticity in N/m**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "2.10289886098e+11 is modulus of elasticity in N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.3.e:pg153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.3.e: yield point stress\n", + "import math\n", + "yl=40.0 #yeild load in kN\n", + "ml=71.5 #maximum load in kN\n", + "fl=50.5 #fracture load in kN\n", + "glf=79.5 #gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "st=7.75*10**-4.0 #strain at load of 20kN\n", + "d=12.5 #specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5 #specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d*10**-3)**2)/4.0 # in meter square\n", + "ylp=((yl*10**3)/(A)) #yeild point stress in N/m**2\n", + "uts=((ml*10**3)/(A)) #ultimate tensile strangth in N/m**2\n", + "pel=((glf-sl)/sl)*100 #percentage elongation\n", + "strss=((20*10**3)/A) #stress at 20kN in N/m**2\n", + "mel=strss/st #modulus of elasticity in N/m**2\n", + "mrs=((ylp*10**-3)**2/(2*mel)) #modulus of resilience \n", + "print mrs,\" is modulus of resilience\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.252610725675 is modulus of resilience\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.3.f:pg-153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.3.f: fracture stress\n", + " \n", + "yl=40 #yeild load in kN\n", + "ml=71.5 #maximum load in kN\n", + "fl=50.5 #fracture load in kN\n", + "glf=79.5 #gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "st=7.75*10**-4 #strain at load of 20kN\n", + "d=12.5#specimen diamter in mm\n", + "sl=62.5 #specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d*10**-3)**2.0)/4 # in meter square\n", + "ylp=((yl*10**3)/(A)) #yeild point stress in N/m**2\n", + "uts=((ml*10**3)/(A)) #ultimate tensile strangth in N/m**2\n", + "pel=((glf-sl)/sl)*100 #percentage elongation\n", + "strss=((20*10.0**3)/A) #stress at 20kN in N/m**2\n", + "mel=strss/st #modulus of elasticity in N/m**2\n", + "mrs=((ylp*10**-3)**2.0/(2*mel)) #modulus of resilience \n", + "fs=((fl*10.0**3)/(A)) #fracture stress in N/m**2\n", + "print fs,\"is fracture stress in N/m**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "411511020.858 is fracture stress in N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.3.g:pg153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "# Example 7.3.g: modulus of toughness\n", + " \n", + "yl=40.0 #yeild load in kN\n", + "ml=71.5 #maximum load in kN\n", + "fl=50.5 #fracture load in kN\n", + "glf=79.5 #gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "st=7.75*10**-4 #strain at load of 20kN\n", + "d=12.5 #specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5 #specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d*10**-3)**2)/4 # in meter square\n", + "ylp=((yl*10**3)/(A)) #yeild point stress in N/m**2\n", + "uts=((ml*10**3)/(A)) #ultimate tensile strangth in N/m**2\n", + "pel=((glf-sl)/sl)*100 #percentage elongation\n", + "strss=((20*10**3)/A) #stress at 20kN in N/m**2\n", + "mel=strss/st #modulus of elasticity in N/m**2\n", + "mrs=((ylp*10**-3)**2/(2*mel)) #modulus of resilience \n", + "fs=((fl*10**3)/(A)) #fracture stress in N/m**2\n", + "mth=((ylp+uts)*(pel/100))/2 #modulus of toughness in N/m**2\n", + "print mth,\" is modulus of toughness in N/m**2\"\n", + "#percentage reduction in area is not calulated in the textbook\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "123567388.521 is modulus of toughness in N/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.4:pg-155" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.4 : true breaking stress and nominal breaking stress \n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#given data :\n", + "d1=12.7; # in mm\n", + "B_load=14;# in K-N\n", + "A1=(math.pi*d1**2)/4;# original cross section area\n", + "d2=7.87; # in mm\n", + "A2=(math.pi*d2**2)/4;# final cross sction area\n", + "T_stress=B_load/A2;\n", + "print T_stress*1000,\" is true breaking stress,T_stress in (N/mm**2) \"\n", + "N_stress=B_load/A1;\n", + "print N_stress*1000,\" is nominal breaking stress,N_stress in (N/mm**2) \"\n", + "#true breaking stress unit is wrong in the textbook\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "287.798608363 is true breaking stress,T_stress in (N/mm**2) \n", + "110.517413518 is nominal breaking stress,N_stress in (N/mm**2) \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.5.a:pg-155" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.5.a: yield point stress\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "yl=34.0;#yeild load in kN\n", + "ul=61.0;#ultimate load in kN\n", + "fl=78.0;#final length in mm\n", + "glf=60.0;#gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "fd=7.0;#final diamtere in mm\n", + "d=12.0;#specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5;#specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d)**2)/4;# in meter square\n", + "ylp=((yl*10**3)/(A));# yeild point stress in N/mm**2\n", + "print floor(ylp),\" is yeild point stress in N/mm**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "300.0 is yeild point stress in N/mm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.5.b:pg-155" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.5.b: ultimate tensile stress\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "yl=34.0;#yeild load in kN\n", + "ul=61.0;#ultimate load in kN\n", + "fl=78.0;#final length in mm\n", + "glf=60.0;#gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "fd=7.0;#final diamtere in mm\n", + "d=12.0;#specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5;#specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d)**2)/4;# in meter square\n", + "uts=((ul*10**3)/(A));#ultimate tensile strangth in N/mm**2\n", + "print uts,\" is ultimate tensile strangth in N/mm**2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "539.358418256 is ultimate tensile strangth in N/mm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.5.c:pg-155" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.5.c: percentage reduction\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "yl=34;#yeild load in kN\n", + "ul=61;#ultimate load in kN\n", + "fl=78;#final length in mm\n", + "glf=60;#gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "fd=7;#final diamtere in mm\n", + "d=12;#specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5;#specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d)**2)/4;# in mm square\n", + "A1=(math.pi*(fd)**2)/4;# in mm square\n", + "pr=(A-A1)/A;# reduction\n", + "print round(pr*100,2),\"% is percentage reduction\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "65.97 % is percentage reduction\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.5.d:pg-155" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.5.d: percentage elonagtion\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "yl=34.0;#yeild load in kN\n", + "ul=61.0;#ultimate load in kN\n", + "fl=78.0;#final length in mm\n", + "glf=60.0;#gauge length of fratture in mm\n", + "fd=7.0;#final diamtere in mm\n", + "d=12.0;#specimen diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=62.5;#specimen length in mm\n", + "A=(math.pi*(d)**2)/4;# in mm square\n", + "A1=(math.pi*(fd)**2)/4;# in mm square\n", + "pr=(fl-glf)/glf;# elongation\n", + "print round(pr*100,2),\"% is percentage elongtion \"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "30.0 % is percentage elongtion \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.6:pg-156" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Example 7.6 : strain \n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#given data :\n", + "b=44.5*10**3;#force\n", + "E=1.1*10**5;# in N/mm**2\n", + "A=15.2*19.1# in mm**2\n", + "epsilon=b/(A*E);\n", + "print \"strain,epsilon (mm) = \",epsilon" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "strain,epsilon (mm) = 0.00139344672963\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.7:pg-156" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Example 7.7 :stress and strain \n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#given data :\n", + "sigma=450;#in MPa\n", + "epsilon=0.63;\n", + "sigma_t=sigma*(1+epsilon);\n", + "print \"true stress,sigma_t(MPa) = \",sigma_t\n", + "epsilon_t=math.log(1+epsilon);\n", + "print \"true strain,epsilon_t(MPa) = \",epsilon_t\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "true stress,sigma_t(MPa) = 733.5\n", + "true strain,epsilon_t(MPa) = 0.488580014819\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Ex7.8:pg-157" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Example 7.8: which part has a greater stress\n", + " \n", + "l=24.0;#length in mm\n", + "b=30;#breadth in mm\n", + "ld=7000;#load in kg\n", + "sd=10;#steel bar diamtere in mm\n", + "sl=5000.0;#load in kg\n", + "al=ld/(l*b);#stress on aluminium bar in kg/mm**2\n", + "a=((math.pi*sd**2)/4.0);#area in mm**2\n", + "slb=sl/a;#stress on steel bar in kg/mm**2\n", + "print\"stress on aluminium bar is \",round(al,2),\" kg/mm**2 is less than stress on steel bar \",round(slb,2),\" kg/mm**2 \"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stress on aluminium bar is 9.72 kg/mm**2 is less than stress on steel bar 63.66 kg/mm**2 \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file -- cgit