From 64419e47f762802600b3a2b6d8c433a16ccd3d55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Stephen Lee Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2015 22:04:10 +0530 Subject: add/remove/update books --- .../README.txt | 10 + .../ch10.ipynb | 304 +++++++++++ .../ch11.ipynb | 356 +++++++++++++ .../ch12.ipynb | 396 ++++++++++++++ .../ch13.ipynb | 308 +++++++++++ .../ch14.ipynb | 416 +++++++++++++++ .../ch15.ipynb | 294 +++++++++++ .../ch16.ipynb | 428 ++++++++++++++++ .../ch17.ipynb | 446 ++++++++++++++++ .../ch18.ipynb | 570 +++++++++++++++++++++ .../ch3.ipynb | 267 ++++++++++ .../ch4.ipynb | 306 +++++++++++ .../ch5.ipynb | 137 +++++ .../ch6.ipynb | 499 ++++++++++++++++++ .../ch7.ipynb | 399 +++++++++++++++ .../ch8.ipynb | 218 ++++++++ .../ch9.ipynb | 265 ++++++++++ .../screenshots/plotkbckbedb.png | Bin 0 -> 14155 bytes .../screenshots/relationnubedrep.png | Bin 0 -> 8780 bytes .../screenshots/relationshebdrep.png | Bin 0 -> 9690 bytes 20 files changed, 5619 insertions(+) create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/README.txt create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch10.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch11.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch12.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch13.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch14.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch15.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch16.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch17.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch18.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch3.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch4.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch5.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch6.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch7.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch8.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch9.ipynb create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/screenshots/plotkbckbedb.png create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/screenshots/relationnubedrep.png create mode 100755 Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/screenshots/relationshebdrep.png (limited to 'Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel') diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/README.txt b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/README.txt new file mode 100755 index 00000000..a043f776 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Dolar Khachariya +Course: mtech +College/Institute/Organization: Indian Institute of Engineering Bombay +Department/Designation: Electrical engineering +Book Title: Fluidization Engineering +Author: K. Daizo And O. Levenspiel +Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann, Massachusetts +Year of publication: 1991 +Isbn: 8131200353 +Edition: 2nd \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch10.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e44d1ebe --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:89c91579d721ed0f833b399593203d4eb19421ab1695bc830f1be612e46bd826" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 10 : Gas Dispersion and Gas Interchange in Bubbling Beds" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%matplotlib inline" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment [backend: module://IPython.zmq.pylab.backend_inline].\n", + "For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1, Page 253\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "from numpy import *\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "umf=[0.01,0.045]; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "ephsilonmf=[0.5,0.5]; #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n", + "D=[2E-5,7E-5]; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in m**2/s\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in m/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "db=[5.,10.,15.,20.];\n", + "n=len(umf);\n", + "m=len(db)\n", + "Kbc = zeros((n,m))\n", + "Kce = zeros((n,m))\n", + "Kbe = zeros((n,m))\n", + " \n", + "for i in range(n):\n", + " for j in range(m):\n", + " Kbc[i][j]=4.5*(umf[i]/db[j])+5.85*((D[i]**0.5*g**0.25)/db[j]**(5.0/4));#Gas interchange coefficient between bubble and cloud from Eqn.(27)\n", + " Kce[i][j]=6.77*((D[i]*ephsilonmf[i]*0.711*(g*db[j])**0.5)/db[j]**3)**0.5;#Gas interchange coefficient between emulsion and cloud from Eqn.(34)\n", + " Kbe[i][j]=(Kbc[i][j]*Kce[i][j])/(Kbc[i][j]+Kce[i][j]);#Gas interchange coefficient between bubble and emulsion from Eqn.(14)\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "i=0;\n", + "j=0;\n", + "k=0;\n", + "while k" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2, Page 267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from scipy.optimize import fsolve \n", + "import math \n", + "\n", + "#INPUT\n", + "umf=0.12 #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in cm/s\n", + "uo=40.; #Superficial gas velocity in cm/s\n", + "ub=120; #Velocity of the bubble in cm/s\n", + "D=0.7; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in cm**2/s\n", + "abkbe1=1.; #Bubble-emuslion interchange coefficient for non absorbing particles(m=0)\n", + "abkbe2=18.; #Bubble-emuslion interchange coefficient for highly absorbing particles(m=infinity)\n", + "g=980.; #Acceleration due to gravity in square cm/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "#For non absorbing particles m=0,etad=0\n", + "Kbc=(ub/uo)*(abkbe1);\n", + "dbguess=2;#Guess value of db\n", + "def solver_func(db): #Function defined for solving the system\n", + " return abkbe1-(uo/ub)*(4.5*(umf/db)+5.85*(D**0.5*g**0.25)/(db**(5/4.)));#Eqn.(10.27)\n", + "\n", + "d=fsolve(solver_func,dbguess)\n", + "#For highly absorbing particles m=infinity, etad=1\n", + "M=abkbe2-(uo/ub)*Kbc;\n", + "#For intermediate condition\n", + "alpha=100.;\n", + "m=10.;\n", + "etad=1./(1+(alpha/m));#Fitted adsorption efficiency factor from Eqn.(23)\n", + "abkbe3=M*etad+(uo/ub)*Kbc;\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'For non absorbing particles:\\tDiameter of bubble=%fcm\\tBubble-cloud interchange coefficient=%fs**-1'%(d,Kbc);\n", + "print 'For highly absorbing partilces:\\tM=%f'%(M);\n", + "print 'For intermediate condition:\\tFitted adsorption efficiency factor:%f\\tBubble-emuslion interchange coefficient:%fs**-1'%(etad,abkbe3);\n", + "\n", + "#====================================END OF PROGRAM ======================================================" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "For non absorbing particles:\tDiameter of bubble=6.010032cm\tBubble-cloud interchange coefficient=3.000000s**-1\n", + "For highly absorbing partilces:\tM=17.000000\n", + "For intermediate condition:\tFitted adsorption efficiency factor:0.090909\tBubble-emuslion interchange coefficient:2.545455s**-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3, Page 273\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "rhos=1.3; #Density of solids in g/cc\n", + "phis=0.806; #Sphericity of solids\n", + "gammab=0.001; #Ratio of volume of dispersed solids to that of bubble phase\n", + "rhog=1.18E-3; #Density of air in g/cc\n", + "Pr=0.69; #Prandtl number\n", + "myu=1.8E-4; #Viscosity of gas in g/cm s\n", + "Cpg=1.00; #Specific heat capacity of gas in J/g K\n", + "ephsilonmf=0.45; #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n", + "kg=2.61E-4; #Thermal concuctivity of gas in W/cm k\n", + "dp=0.036; #Particle size in cm\n", + "umf=6.5; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in cm/s\n", + "ut=150.; #Terminal velocity in cm/s\n", + "db=0.4; #Equilibrium bubble size in cm\n", + "etah=1; #Efficiency of heat transfer\n", + "uo=[10.,20.,30.,40.,50.];#Superficial gas velocity in cm/s\n", + "g=980.; #Acceleration due to gravity in square cm/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "Nustar=2+(((dp*ut*rhog)/myu)**0.5*Pr**(1./3));#Nusselt no. from Eqn.(25)\n", + "Hbc=4.5*(umf*rhog*Cpg/db)+5.85*((kg*rhog*Cpg)**0.5*g**0.25/db**(5./4));#Total heat interchange across the bubble-cloud boundary from Eqn.(32)\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5;#Rise velocity of the bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "n=len(uo);\n", + "i=0;\n", + "x = [0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "Nubed = [0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "Rep = [0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "\n", + "while i" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4, Page 274\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "rhog=1.2; #Density of air in kg/m**3\n", + "myu=1.8E-5; #Viscosity of gas in kg/m s\n", + "kg=2.6E-2; #Thermal concuctivity of gas in W/m k\n", + "dp=1E-4; #Particle size in m\n", + "rhos=8920; #Density of solids in kg/m**3\n", + "Cps=390; #Specific heat capacity of the solid in J/kg K\n", + "ephsilonf=0.5; #Void fraction of the fluidized bed\n", + "umf=0.1; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "uo=0.1; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "pi=3.14\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "to=0; #Initial temperature of the bed\n", + "T=100; #Temperature of the bed\n", + "t=0.99*T; #Particle temperature i.e. when it approaches 1% of the bed temperature\n", + "mp=(pi/6)*dp**3*rhos; #Mass of the particle\n", + "A=pi*dp**2; #Surface area of the particle\n", + "Rep=(dp*uo*rhog)/myu; #Reynold's no. of the particle\n", + "Nubed=0.0178; #Nusselt no. from Fig.(6)\n", + "hbed1=(Nubed*kg)/dp; #Heat transfer coefficient of the bed\n", + "t1=(mp*Cps/(hbed1*A))*math.log((T-to)/(T-t));#Time needed for the particle approach 1 percentage of the bed temperature in case(a)\n", + "hbed2=140*hbed1;#Since from Fig.(6) Nup is 140 times Nubed\n", + "t2=(mp*Cps/(hbed2*A))*math.log((T-to)/(T-t));#Time needed for the particle approach 1 percentage of the bed temperature in case(b)\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'Case(a):Using the whole bed coefficient from Fig.(6)'\n", + "print '\\tTime needed for the particle approach 1 percentage of the bed temperature is %.0fs'%t1\n", + "print 'Case(b):Uisng the single-particle coefficient of Eqn.(25),also shown in Fig.(6)'\n", + "print '\\tTime needed for the particle approach 1 percentage of the bed temperature is %.2fs'%t2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Case(a):Using the whole bed coefficient from Fig.(6)\n", + "\tTime needed for the particle approach 1 percentage of the bed temperature is 58s\n", + "Case(b):Uisng the single-particle coefficient of Eqn.(25),also shown in Fig.(6)\n", + "\tTime needed for the particle approach 1 percentage of the bed temperature is 0.41s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch12.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch12.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..1fc80a09 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:3cabb972e9b40cc3c2621280c95233b4046eb8d671e52d74d499a7e149a3d9aa" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 12 : Conversion of Gas in Catalytic Reactions" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1, Page 293\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Kr=10.; #rate constant in m**3 gas/m**3 cat s\n", + "D=2E-5; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in m**2/s\n", + "dpbar=68.; #Average partilce size in micrometers\n", + "ephsilonm=0.5; #Void fraction of fixed bed\n", + "gammab=0.005; #Ratio of volume of dispersed solids to that of bubble phase\n", + "ephsilonmf=0.55; #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n", + "umf=0.006; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "db=0.04; #Equilibrium bubble size in m\n", + "Lm=0.7; #Length of the bed in m\n", + "uo=0.1; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "dbed=0.26; #Diameter of the bed in m\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in square m/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5;#Rise velocity of bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "ub=uo-umf+ubr;#Velocity of bubbles in bubbling beds in Eqn.(6.8)\n", + "Kbc=4.5*(umf/db)+5.85*((D**0.5*g**0.25)/db**(5./4));#Gas interchange coefficient between bubble and cloud from Eqn.(10.27)\n", + "Kce=6.77*((D*ephsilonmf*0.711*(g*db)**0.5)/db**3)**0.5;#Gas interchange coefficient between emulsion and cloud from Eqn.(10.34)\n", + "delta=uo/ub;#Fraction of bed in bubbles from Eqn.(6.29)\n", + "fw=0.6;#Wake volume to bubble volume from Fig.(5.8)\n", + "gammac=(1-ephsilonmf)*((3/(ubr*ephsilonmf/umf-1))+fw);#Volume of solids in cloud to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.36)\n", + "gammae=((1-ephsilonmf)*((1-delta)/delta))-gammab-gammac;#Volume of solids in emulsion to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.35)\n", + "ephsilonf=1-(1-delta)*(1-ephsilonmf);#Void fraction of fixed bed from Eqn.(6.20)\n", + "Lf=(1-ephsilonm)*Lm/(1-ephsilonf);#Length of fixed bed from Eqn.(6.19)\n", + "Krtou=Kr*Lm*(1-ephsilonm)/uo;#Dimensionless reaction rate group from Eqn.(5)\n", + "Kf=gammab*Kr+1/((1/Kbc)+(1/(gammac*Kr+1/((1/Kce)+(1/(gammae*Kr))))));#Raction rate for fluidized bed from Eqn.(14)\n", + "XA=math.exp(-1*Kf*Lf/ub);#Conversion from Eqn.(16)\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'The dimnesionless reaction rate group: %f'%Krtou\n", + "print 'The reaction rate for fluidized bed: %fs**-1'%Kf\n", + "print 'Conversion: %f'%XA\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The dimnesionless reaction rate group: 35.000000\n", + "The reaction rate for fluidized bed: 1.979872s**-1\n", + "Conversion: 0.030056\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2, Page 298\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "umf=0.005; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "ephsilonm=0.52; #Void fraction of fixed bed\n", + "ephsilonmf=0.57; #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n", + "DA=8.1E-6; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in m**2/s\n", + "DR=8.4E-6; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in m**2/s\n", + "Lm=5; #Length of the bed in m\n", + "dte=1; #Diameter of tube in m\n", + "Kr1=1.5; #rate constant in m**3 gas/m**3 cat s\n", + "Kr3=0.01; #rate constant in m**3 gas/m**3 cat s\n", + "gammab=0.005; #Ratio of volume of dispersed solids to that of bubble phase\n", + "uo=0.45; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "db=0.05; #Equilibrium bubble size in m from Fig.(6.8)\n", + "ub=1.5; #Velocity of bubbles in bubbling bed in m/s from Fig.(6.11(a))\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in square m/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5;#Rise velocity of bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "KbcA=4.5*(umf/db)+5.85*((DA**0.5*g**0.25)/db**(5.0/4));#Gas interchange coefficient between bubble and cloud from Eqn.(10.27)\n", + "KceA=6.77*((DA*ephsilonmf*0.711*(g*db)**0.5)/db**3)**0.5;#Gas interchange coefficient between emulsion and cloud from Eqn.(10.34)\n", + "KbcR=4.5*(umf/db)+5.85*((DR**0.5*g**0.25)/db**(5./4));#Gas interchange coefficient between bubble and cloud from Eqn.(10.27)\n", + "KceR=6.77*((DR*ephsilonmf*0.711*(g*db)**0.5)/db**3)**0.5;#Gas interchange coefficient between emulsion and cloud from Eqn.(10.34)\n", + "delta=uo/ub;#Fraction of bed in bubbles from Eqn.(6.29)\n", + "fw=0.6;#Wake volume to bubble volume from Fig.(5.8)\n", + "gammac=(1-ephsilonmf)*((3/(ubr*ephsilonmf/umf-1))+fw);#Volume of solids in cloud to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.36)\n", + "gammae=((1-ephsilonmf)*((1-delta)/delta))-gammab-gammac;#Volume of solids in emulsion to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.35)\n", + "ephsilonf=1-(1-delta)*(1-ephsilonmf);#Void fraction of fixed bed from Eqn.(6.20)\n", + "Lf=(1-ephsilonm)*Lm/(1-ephsilonf);#Length of fixed bed from Eqn.(6.19)\n", + "Krtou=Kr1*Lm*(1-ephsilonm)/uo;#Dimensionless reaction rate group from Eqn.(5)\n", + "Kr12=Kr1;#Since the reactions are a special case of Denbigh scheme\n", + "Kr34=Kr3;\n", + "Kf1=(gammab*Kr12+1/((1/KbcA)+(1/(gammac*Kr12+1/((1/KceA)+(1/(gammae*Kr12)))))))*(delta/(1-ephsilonf));#Rate of reaction 1 for fluidized bed from Eqn.(14)\n", + "Kf3=(gammab*Kr34+1/((1/KbcR)+(1/(gammac*Kr34+1/((1/KceR)+(1/(gammae*Kr34)))))))*(delta/(1-ephsilonf));#Rate of reaction 2 for fluidized bed from Eqn.(14)\n", + "Kf12=Kf1;\n", + "Kf34=Kf3;\n", + "KfA=((KbcR*KceA/gammac**2+(Kr12+KceA/gammac+KceA/gammae)* \\\n", + " (Kr34+KceR/gammac+KceR/gammae))*delta*KbcA*Kr12*Kr34/ \\\n", + " (1-ephsilonf))/(((Kr12+KbcA/gammac)*(Kr12+KceA/gammae)+Kr12*KceA/gammac) \\\n", + " *((Kr34+KbcR/gammac)*(Kr34+KceR/gammae)+Kr34*KceR/gammac));\n", + " #Rate of raection with respect to A from Eqn.(35)\n", + "KfAR=Kr1/Kr12*Kf12-KfA;#Rate of reaction from Eqn.(34)\n", + "tou=Lf*(1-ephsilonf)/uo;#Residence time from Eqn.(5)\n", + "XA=1-math.exp(-Kf1*tou);#Conversion of A from Eqn.(26)\n", + "XR=1-((KfAR/(Kf12-Kf34))*(math.exp(-Kf34*tou)-math.exp(-Kf12*tou)));#Conversion of R from Eqn.(27)\n", + "SR=(1-XR)/XA;#Selectivity of R\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "\n", + "print 'Rate of reaction 1 for fluidized bed:%.4f'%Kf1\n", + "print 'Rate of reaction 2 for fluidized bed:%.4f'%Kf3\n", + "print 'Rate of reaction 1 with respect to A:%.4f'%KfA\n", + "print 'The Conversion of Napthalene:%.0f percentage'%(XA*100);\n", + "print 'The selectivity of Phthalic anhydride:%.0f percentage'%(SR*100);\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Rate of reaction 1 for fluidized bed:0.6007\n", + "Rate of reaction 2 for fluidized bed:0.0099\n", + "Rate of reaction 1 with respect to A:0.0058\n", + "The Conversion of Napthalene:96 percentage\n", + "The selectivity of Phthalic anhydride:95 percentage\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3, Page 302\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Kr=3.; #rate constant in m**3 gas/m**3 cat s\n", + "db=0.12; #Equilibrium bubble size in m\n", + "D=9E-5; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in m**2/s\n", + "dpbar=68; #Average partilce size in micrometers\n", + "ephsilonm=0.42; #Void fraction of fixed bed\n", + "uo=0.4; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "Lm=0.8; #Length of the bed in m\n", + "ephsilonmf=0.45; #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n", + "umf=0.21; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "gammab=0; #Ratio of volume of dispersed solids to that of bubble phase\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in square m/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5; #Rise velocity of bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "ub=uo-umf+ubr; #Velocity of bubbles in bubbling beds in Eqn.(6.8)\n", + "ubstar=ub+3*umf; #Rise velocity of the bubble gas from Eqn.(45)\n", + "delta=(uo-umf)/(ub+umf);#Fraction of bed in bubbles from Eqn.(6.46)\n", + "Kbe=4.5*(umf/db); #Interchange coefficient between bubble and emulsion from Eqn.(47)\n", + "Lf=Lm*(1-ephsilonm)/((1-delta)*(1-ephsilonmf));#Length of fixed bed\n", + "phi=((Kr/Kbe)**2*((1-ephsilonmf)-gammab*(umf/ubstar))**2+ \\\n", + " ((delta/(1-delta))+umf/ubstar)**2+2*(Kr/Kbe)*((1-ephsilonmf) \\\n", + " -gammab*(umf/ubstar))*((delta/(1-delta))-umf/ubstar))**0.5;\n", + " #From Eqn.(52)\n", + " \n", + "q1=0.5*Kr/umf*((1-ephsilonmf)+gammab*(umf/ubstar))+0.5*Kbe/umf* \\\n", + " (((delta/(1-delta))+umf/ubstar)-phi);#From Eqn.(50)\n", + "q2=0.5*Kr/umf*((1-ephsilonmf)+gammab*(umf/ubstar))+0.5*Kbe/umf* \\\n", + " (((delta/(1-delta))+umf/ubstar)+phi);#From Eqn.(50)\n", + " \n", + "si1=0.5-0.5*((1-delta)/delta)*(umf/ubstar-Kr/Kbe*((1-ephsilonmf)- \\\n", + " gammab*(umf/ubstar))-phi);#From Eqn.(51)\n", + "si2=0.5-0.5*((1-delta)/delta)*(umf/ubstar-Kr/Kbe*((1-ephsilonmf)- \\\n", + " gammab*(umf/ubstar))+phi);#From Eqn.(51)\n", + "XA=1-(delta/(1-delta))*(1/(uo*phi))*((1-si2)*(si1*delta*ubstar+ \\\n", + " (1-delta)*umf)*math.exp(-q1*Lf)+(si1-1)* \\\n", + " (si2*delta*ubstar+(1-delta)*umf)*math.exp(-q2*Lf));\n", + " #Conversion from Eqn.(49)\n", + " \n", + "Krtou=Kr*Lm*(1-ephsilonm)/uo;#Dimensionless reaction rate group from Eqn.(5)\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'COmparing the values of 1-XA = %f and Krtou = %f with Fig.(6), \\\n", + "we can conlcude that this operating condition is shown as point \\\n", + "A in Fig.(3)'%(1-XA,Krtou);\n", + "print 'Line 2 gives the locus of conversions for different values of the \\\n", + "reaction rate group for this fluidized contacting'\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "COmparing the values of 1-XA = 0.113843 and Krtou = 3.480000 with Fig.(6), we can conlcude that this operating condition is shown as point A in Fig.(3)\n", + "Line 2 gives the locus of conversions for different values of the reaction rate group for this fluidized contacting\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4, Page 305\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "uo=0.25; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "db=0.025; #Equilibrium bubble size in m\n", + "Kr=1.5; #rate constant in m**3 gas/m**3 cat s\n", + "umf=0.21; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "Lm=0.8; #Length of the bed in m\n", + "ephsilonm=0.42; #Void fraction of fixed bed\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in square m/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5;#Rise velocity of bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "ub=uo-umf+ubr;#Velocity of bubbles in bubbling beds in Eqn.(6.8)\n", + "delta=(uo-umf)/(ub+2*umf);#Fraction of bed in bubbles from Eqn.(55) since ub/umf<<1 \n", + "XA=1-math.exp(-Kr*Lm*((1-ephsilonm)/uo)*(umf/uo)*(1-delta));#Conversion from Eqn.(57)\n", + "Krtou=Kr*Lm*(1-ephsilonm)/uo;#Dimensionless reaction rate group from Eqn.(5)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'Comparing the values of 1-XA = %f and Krtou = %f with Fig.(6), \\\n", + "we can conlcude that this operating condition is shown \\\n", + "as point B in Fig.(3)'%(1-XA,Krtou);\n", + "print 'Line 3 gives the locus of conversions for different values \\\n", + "of the reaction rate group for this fluidized contacting'\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Comparing the values of 1-XA = 0.108243 and Krtou = 2.784000 with Fig.(6), we can conlcude that this operating condition is shown as point B in Fig.(3)\n", + "Line 3 gives the locus of conversions for different values of the reaction rate group for this fluidized contacting\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5, Page 307\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "uo=0.3; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "Lf=1.1; #Length of fixed bed in m\n", + "Hf=1.2; #Length of freeboard in m\n", + "db=0.04; #Equilibrium bubble size in m\n", + "umf=0.006; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "ephsilonmf=0.55; #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n", + "gammab=0.005; #Ratio of volume of dispersed solids to that of bubble phase\n", + "Kr=10.; #rate constant in m**3 gas/m**3 cat s\n", + "D=2E-5; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in m**2/s\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in square m/s**2\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5;#Rise velocity of bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "ub=uo-umf+ubr;#Velocity of bubbles in bubbling beds in Eqn.(6.8)\n", + "Kbc=4.5*(umf/db)+5.85*((D**0.5*g**0.25)/db**(5./4));\n", + "#Gas interchange coefficient between bubble and cloud from Eqn.(10.27)\n", + "\n", + "Kce=6.77*((D*ephsilonmf*0.711*(g*db)**0.5)/db**3)**0.5;\n", + "#Gas interchange coefficient between emulsion and cloud from Eqn.(10.34)\n", + "\n", + "delta=uo/ub;#Fraction of bed in bubbles from Eqn.(6.29)\n", + "ephsilonf=1-(1-delta)*(1-ephsilonmf);#Void fraction of fixed bed from Eqn.(6.20)\n", + "fw=0.6;#Wake volume to bubble volume from Fig.(5.8)\n", + "gammac=(1-ephsilonmf)*((3.0/(ubr*ephsilonmf/umf-1))+fw);\n", + "#Volume of solids in cloud to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.36)\n", + "\n", + "gammae=((1-ephsilonmf)*((1-delta)/delta))-gammab-gammac;\n", + "#Volume of solids in emulsion to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.35)\n", + "\n", + "Kf=(gammab*Kr)+1.0/((1.0/Kbc)+(1.0/(gammac*Kr+1.0/((1.0/Kce)+(1.0/(gammae*Kr))))));\n", + "#Raction rate for fluidized bed from Eqn.(14)\n", + "\n", + "XA=1-math.exp(-1*Kf*Lf/ub);#Conversion at the top of dense bed from Eqn.(16)\n", + "etabed=(Kf*delta)/(Kr*(1-ephsilonf));#Reactor efficiency from Eqn.(22)\n", + "a=0.6/uo #Since uoa = 0.6s**-1 from Fig.(5)\n", + "adash=6.62; #From Fig.(5)\n", + "XA1=1-1.0/(math.exp(((1-ephsilonf)*Kr/(uo*a))*((1-math.exp(-a*Hf))- \\\n", + " ((1-etabed)/(1+(adash/a)))*(1-math.exp(-(a+adash)*Hf)))));#Conversion from Eqn.(64)\n", + "XA2=1-(1.0-XA1)*(1.0-XA);#Conversion at the exit from Eqn.(64)\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'The conversion:'\n", + "print '\\tAt the top pf the dense bed: %d percentage'%(XA1*100)\n", + "print '\\tAt the reactor exit: %d percentage'%(XA2*100);\n", + "\n", + "#Disclaimer: The value of kf deviate from the one given in textbook, where as it is close to the value obtained by manual calculation. \n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The conversion:\n", + "\tAt the top pf the dense bed: 96 percentage\n", + "\tAt the reactor exit: 99 percentage\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch13.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch13.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..18536015 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fluidization_Engineering_by_K_Daizo_And_O_Levenspiel/ch13.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:a97460b196d7b42e945dcfefc11684cc1c39c5847f8b0bdc9e3f6cdcd94bfcc3" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 13 : Heat Transfer between Fluidized Beds and Surfaces" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 1, Page 331\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "dp=57.0; #Particle size in micrometer\n", + "rhos=940.0; #Density of solids in kg/m**3\n", + "Cps=828.0; #Specific heat capacity of the solid in J/kg K\n", + "ks=0.20; #Thermal conductivity of solids in W/m k\n", + "kg=0.035; #Thermal concuctivity of gas in W/m k\n", + "umf=0.006; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "ephsilonmf=0.476;#Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n", + "do1=0.0254; #Outside diameter of tube in m\n", + "L=1;\n", + "uo=[0.05,0.1,0.2,0.35];#Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "nw=[2.,3.1,3.4,3.5]; #Bubble frequency in s**-1\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in square m/s**2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "dte=4.*do1*L/2.*L; #Hydraulic diameter from Eqn.(6.13)\n", + "db=(1+1.5)*0.5*dte; #Rise velocity of the bubble\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5; #Rise velocity of bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "phib=0.19;#From Fig.(15) for ks/kg=5.7\n", + "ke=ephsilonmf*kg+(1-ephsilonmf)*ks*(1/((phib*(ks/kg))+(2/3.0)))\n", + " #Effective thermal conductivity of bed from Eqn.(3) \n", + " \n", + "n=len(uo);\n", + "i=0;\n", + "ub = [0,0,0,0]\n", + "delta = [0,0,0,0]\n", + "h = [0,0,0,0]\n", + "while ix2min:\n", + " excess_air[i]=(x2[i]-x2min)/x2min; #Excess air used\n", + " else:\n", + " excess_air[i]=0;\n", + " i=i+1;\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT \n", + "print 'T4(degree celcius)',\n", + "print '\\tFs/F1',\n", + "print '\\t\\tF2/F1',\n", + "print '\\t\\tExcess air(percentage)'\n", + "i=0;\n", + "while idte:\n", + " li=(pi/4*dte*do1+pi/4*do1**2)**0.5;#Pitch if we add dummy tubes\n", + "import math\n", + "f=li**2-pi/4*do1**2;#Fraction of bed cross section taken up by tubes\n", + "dt1=math.sqrt(4/pi*At/(1-f));#Reactor diameter including all its tubes\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print 'Superficial gas velocity=%fm/s'%uo\n", + "print 'No. of %1.0fm tubes required=%1.0f'%(L,Nt);\n", + "print 'Reactor diameter=%fm'%dt1\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Superficial gas velocity=0.460000m/s\n", + "No. of 7m tubes required=295\n", + "Reactor diameter=7.173176m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3, Page 444\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "db=0.08; #Estimated bubble size in m\n", + "dte=2; #Equivalent diameter in m\n", + "F1=55.6; #Feed rate of oil in kg/s\n", + "XA=0.63; #Conversion\n", + "uo=0.6; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "T1=500.0; #Temperature of reactor in degree C\n", + "T2=580.0; #Temperature of regenerator in degree C\n", + "Fs=F1*23.3; #Solid circulation rate from Ex.(15.2)\n", + "rhos=1200.0; #Density of catalyst in kg/m**3\n", + "dpbar=60.0; #Average particle size in micrometer\n", + "ephsilonm=0.50;#Void fraction of fixed bed\n", + "ephsilonmf=0.55;#Void fraction at minimum fluidized condition\n", + "umf=0.006; #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n", + "dt=8.0; #Diameter of reactor in m\n", + "D=2E-5; #Diffusion coefficient of gas in m**2/s\n", + "Kr=8.6; #Rate constant for reaction at 500 degree C in s**-1\n", + "Ka1=0.06; #Rate constant for deactivatiion at 500 degree C in s**-1\n", + "Ka2=0.012; #Rate constant for regeneration at 580 degree C in s**-1\n", + "gammab=0.005; #Ratio of volume of dispersed solids to that of bubble phase\n", + "g=9.81; #Acceleration due to gravity in square m/s**2\n", + "pi=3.14;\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "#Parameters for the fluidized reactor\n", + "ubr=0.711*(g*db)**0.5;#Rise velocity of bubble from Eqn.(6.7)\n", + "ub=1.55*((uo-umf)+14.1*(db+0.005))*dte**0.32+ubr;#Bubble velocity for Geldart A particles from Equation from Eqn.(6.11)\n", + "delta=uo/ub;#Fraction of bed in bubbles from Eqn.(6.29)\n", + "ephsilonf=1-(1-delta)*(1-ephsilonmf);#Void fraction of fixed bed from Eqn.(6.20)\n", + "fw=0.6;#Wake volume to bubble volume from Fig.(5.8)\n", + "gammac=(1-ephsilonmf)*((3/(ubr*ephsilonmf/umf-1))+fw);#Volume of solids in cloud to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.36)\n", + "gammae=((1-ephsilonmf)*((1-delta)/delta))-gammab-gammac;#Volume of solids in emulsion to that of the bubble from Eqn.(6.35)\n", + "Kbc=4.5*(umf/db)+5.85*((D**0.5*g**0.25)/db**(5.0/4));#Gas interchange coefficient between bubble and cloud from Eqn.(10.27)\n", + "Kce=6.77*((D*ephsilonmf*0.711*(g*db)**0.5)/db**3)**0.5;#Gas interchange coefficient between emulsion and cloud from Eqn.(10.34)\n", + "import math\n", + "#Bed height versus catalyst activity in reactor\n", + "a1bar=0.07;#Guess value for average activity in reactor\n", + "x=Kr*a1bar;#Value of Kra1 to be used in the following equation\n", + "Kf=(gammab*x+1/((1/Kbc)+(1/(gammac*x+1/((1/Kce)+(1/(gammae*x)))))))*(delta/(1-ephsilonf));#Effective rate constant from Eqn.(12.14)\n", + "tou=-math.log(1-XA)/Kf;#Space time from Eqn.(12.16)\n", + "Lm=tou*uo/(1-ephsilonm);#Length of fixed bed for guess value of a1bar\n", + "a1bar1=[0.0233,0.0465,0.0698,0.0930,0.116,0.140];#Various activity values to find Lm\n", + "x1 = [0,0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "Kf1 = [0,0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "tou1 = [0,0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "Lm1 = [0,0,0,0,0,0]\n", + "\n", + "n=len(a1bar1);\n", + "i=0;\n", + "while i=3000:\n", + " Cd=0.60;\n", + "elif Ret>=2000:\n", + " Cd=0.61;\n", + "elif Ret>=1000:\n", + " Cd=0.64;\n", + "elif Ret>=500:\n", + " Cd=0.68;\n", + "elif Ret>=300:\n", + " Cd=0.70;\n", + "elif Ret>=100:\n", + " Cd=0.68;\n", + "\n", + "#Computation of gas velocity through orifice\n", + "uor=Cd*((2*deltapd)/rhog)**0.5; #Calculation of gas velocity through orifice by using Eqn.(12)\n", + "f=(uo/uor)*100; #Calculation of fraction of open area in the perforated plate \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Computation of number of orifices per unit area of distributor\n", + "dor=[0.001,0.002,0.004]; #Different orifice diameters in m\n", + "n=len(dor);\n", + "i=0;\n", + "Nor = [0.,0.,0.]\n", + "while iuf:\n", + " Dshc.append((3/16.0)*(delta[k]/(1-delta[k]))*((alpha**2*db[j]*ubr[k]*((((ubr[k]+2*uf)/(ubr[k]-uf))**(1.0/3))-1))));\n", + " #Horizontal Distribution coeff. from Eqn.(14)\n", + " else:\n", + " Dsh.append((3.0/16)*(delta/(1-delta))*(alpha**2*umf*db/ephsilonmf))\n", + " #Horizontal Distribution coeff. from Eqn.(15)\n", + " Dshc.append((3/16.0)*(delta[k]/(1-delta[k]))*((alpha**2*db[j]*ubr[k]*((((ubr[k]+2*uf)/(ubr[k]-uf))**(1/3.0))-1))));#Horizontal Distribution coeff. from Eqn.(14)\n", + " k=k+1;\n", + "i=0;\n", + "j=0;\n", + "k=0;\n", + "while k>uf=%fm/s we use Eqn.(14).'%(ub[k],uf)\n", + " print 'Gas Velocity(m/s)'\n", + " print '\\tHorizontal Drift Coefficient Calculated(m**2/s)'\n", + " print '\\tHorizontal Drift Coefficient from Experiment(m**2/s)'\n", + " while j>uf=0.404762m/s we use Eqn.(14).\n", + "Gas Velocity(m/s)\n", + "\tHorizontal Drift Coefficient Calculated(m**2/s)\n", + "\tHorizontal Drift Coefficient from Experiment(m**2/s)\n", + "db=0.100000m\n", + "0.370000 \t\t0.001283 \t\t\t\t\t0.001200\n", + "0.470000 \t\t0.001283 \t\t\t\t\t0.001800\n", + "0.570000 \t\t0.001924 \t\t\t\t\t0.002100\n", + "0.670000 \t\t0.001924 \t\t\t\t\t0.002500\n", + "db=0.140000m\n", + "0.370000 \t\t0.002566 \t\t\t\t\t0.001200\n", + "0.470000 \t\t0.002566 \t\t\t\t\t0.001800\n", + "0.570000 \t\t0.003207 \t\t\t\t\t0.002100\n", + "0.670000 \t\t0.003207 \t\t\t\t\t0.002500\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3, Page 232\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Gsup=1.5; #Solid interchange rate in kg/m**2plate s\n", + "dor=19.1; #Orifice diameter in mm\n", + "dp=210; #Particle size in micrometer\n", + "uo=0.4; #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n", + "fopen=[0.12,0.17,0.26]; #Open area fraction \n", + "pi=3.14;\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "n=len(fopen);\n", + "uor = []\n", + "ls1 = []\n", + "i=0\n", + "while i